Chapter # 5

Acids, Bases and Salts

SUB TOPICS:
• End-of-chapter questions
Q1: Why do only some salts dissolve? Are there any rules which tell you which will?
 When an ionic substance (salt) dissolves in water, it is broken up into individual cations and
anions which are surrounded by water molecules.
 Positive part of water molecules attracts the negative chloride ions and the negative part of
water molecules attracts the positive sodium ions.
 Many substances do not dissolve in water because they are non-polar and do not interact
well with water molecules.

Q2: What is the meaning of the word ‘strong’ in ‘strong coffee’ and ‘strong acid’? How do
we deal with this difference?
 The word strong in coffee refers to the strength of caffeine in the coffee while the strength
of an acid is the amount of acid ions that dissolves.
Q3:
Q3:

(c) (ii) fossil fuels contain sulfur

sulfur burns to form sulfur dioxide

sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen in air and with rain

and form acid rain
Q3:

(d) (i) neutralisation

Q3: (d)

1. add indicator to flask

2. add measured amount of calcium hydroxide to flask

3. add acid (from burette) into flask, until indicator changes colour,
record volume of acid added
Q4:

(a) pH 3

(b) dip litmus paper in the solution of acid. The blue litmus will turn red / pink.
Q4:

(c) (i) calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid → calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water

(ii) extraction of iron / making cement / making lime / making glass

(iii) calcium oxide

(d) 2 on left and H2 (on right)

Q5:

(a) pH less than 7 , example = Sulfur dioxide (SO 2)

pH greater than 7 , example = Calcium oxide (CaO)

pH = 7 , example = H2O, CO, NO

Q5:

(b) (i) shows both basic and acidic properties [1]

(ii) a named strong acid, a named alkali (Hydroiodic acid, HCl ; Sodium hydroxide, NaOH)
Q6:

1. Add an excess of cobalt(II) carbonate to hot dilute hydrochloric acid.

2. filter it out [1]

3. evaporate by heating / boiling [1]

4. allow to crystallise / cool to let crystals form [1]

dry crystals (dry between filter paper / leave in a warm place to dry) [1]
Q7:

nitric acid;
sodium hydroxide / carbonate / hydrogen carbonate;
copper(II) oxide/ hydroxide / carbonate;
hydrochloric acid
silver(I) nitrate
zinc(II) sulfate
Q7:

Ag+(aq) + Cl–(aq) → AgCl(s)

ZnCO3 + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + CO2 + H2O

Homework questions:
End-of-chapter questions.