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SHT Medical Terminology (190908)
SHT Medical Terminology (190908)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
(Tujuan Pembelajaran)
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LEARNING CONTENTS
(Materi Pembelajaran)
DEFINITION
(Definisi)
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Four Parts
Word Root
the word part that is the core of the word
Suffix
a word part attached to the end of the word root to
modify its meaning
Prefix
a word part attached to the beginning of a word root to
modify its meaning
Combining Vowel
a word part, usually an O
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Word Root
The word root is the word part that is the
core of the word
Fundamental unit of each medical word
Establishes basic meaning of word
It cannot stand alone a suffix must be
added.
Part to which prefixes and suffixes are
added
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Erythrocytes
erythr/o (red) + cytes (cells)
Poliomyelitis
Polio (gray) + myel (spinal cord) + itis (inflammation)
Melanocytes
Melano/o (black) + cytes (cells)
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Suffixes
Suffixes
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Suffixes (contd)
Tonsill/o means tonsils.
A suffix completes the word and tells what is
happening to the tonsils.
Tonsillitis.
tonsill (tonsil) + itis (inflammation).
Tonsillectomy
tonsill (tonsil) + ectomy (surgical removal).
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Suffixes (contd)
Some suffixes change the word root into an
adjective.
Cardiac
cardi/o (heart) + ac (pertaining to).
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Suffixes (contd)
Suffixes Meaning Abnormal Condition
osis means an abnormal condition or disease
Gastrosis means any disease of the stomach
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Suffixes (contd)
Suffixes Related to Pathology
algia means pain
Gastralgia
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Suffixes (contd)
Suffixes Related to Pathology
Megaly means enlargement
Hepatomegaly
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Suffixes (contd)
Suffixes Related to Procedures
centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid
Abdominocentesis
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Suffixes (contd)
Suffixes Related to Procedures
graphy means the process of recording a
picture or record
Arteriography
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Suffixes (contd)
The Double RRs
rrhage and rrhagia mean abnormal excessive
fluid discharge or bleeding
Hemorrhage
rrhaphy to stitch
Aneurysmorraphy
rrhexis rupture
myorrexis
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Words Ending in x
Change x to c or g when adding a suffix
Pharynx (throat) becomes pharyngeal (fa-RINje-al) (pertaining to the throat)
Thorax (chest) becomes thoracotomy (thor-aKOT-o-me) (an incision into the chest)
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Suffixes (contd)
Look-alike Sound-alike Terms and Word
Parts
Arteri/o = artery
Ather/o = plaque or fatty substance
Arthr/o = joint
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Suffixes (contd)
Look-alike Sound-alike Terms and Word
Parts
Ileum = part of small intestine
Ilium = part of the hip bone
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Suffixes (contd)
Look-alike Sound-alike Terms and Word
Parts
Mucous adjective that describes specialized
mucous membranes that line the body cavities.
Mucus a noun and the name of the substance
secreted by the mucous membranes.
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Adjective Suffixes
Adjective endings meaning pertaining to or
resembling include:
-ac as in cardiac
-form as in muciform
-ory as in respiratory
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Forming Plurals
Special plural forms
Words ending in a carry plural ending ae:
Gingiva vs. gingivae
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Prefixes
Prefixes
Prefix = short word part added before a
word root to modify the meaning
Uni- (one) + lateral = unilateral (affecting or
involving one side)
Contra- (against) + lateral = contralateral
(opposite side)
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Prefixes (contd)
Prefixes usually indicate location, time or
number.
Natal means pertaining to(al) + birth (nat).
Prenatal means time & events before birth.
Perinatal means time and events just before,
during, & after birth.
Postnatal means time & event after birth.
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Mono = 1; Uni = 1
Bi = 2 Di = 2
Tri = 3
Quad = 4
Nulli = none
Hemi = half
Multi = many
Poly = many Semi = partial or half
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Tetra- = four
tetrahedron (a figure with four surfaces)
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Xanth/o- = yellow
xanthodermia (yellow discoloration of the skin)
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Negative Prefixes
A-, an- = not; without
aseptic (free of infectious organisms)
Non- = not
noninfectious (not able to spread disease)
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Per- = through
percutaneous (through the skin)
Trans- = through
transfusion (introduction of blood or blood
components into the blood stream)
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Micro- = small
microscopic (extremely small; visible only
through a microscope)
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Mes/o- = middle
mesencephalon (midbrain)
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Combining Form
Combining Form
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It is usually an o
It is between two root words
It can be between a root word and a suffix
It eases pronunciation
When combining a word root and a suffix, if suffix begins
with vowel a combining vowel is not necessary. For
example gastr/ectomy.
When connecting two root words the o is used even if
the second root begins with a vowel, example:
gastroenteritis.
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Word Derivations
Most word parts derived from Greek (G) and
Latin (L)
Muscle is Latin for mouse
Coccyx named for the cuckoos bill
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Pronunciation
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Pronunciation (cont)
Vowels with no pronunciation marks get
short pronunciation
a as in hat
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Apnea = (AP-ne-a)
Cessation of breath
Nephroptosis = (nef-rop-TO-sis)
Dropping of the kidney
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Symbols
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Abbreviations
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