Principle of Amplitude

Modulation
Roll NO 140002016
SINGH

KARTIKEYA SURENDRA

WHAT IS MODULATION?

The process of impressing a low frequency signal which is to be transmitted

on a high frequency carrier signal, by changing the characteristics of the
carrier signal like amplitude, frequency or phase is called modulation.
WHY DO WE NEED MODULATION?

The advantages of using modulation are

1) High frequency signal is able to travel faster
2) The length of antenna is given by
L==u/=(3108)/Hz

It is inversely proportional to frequency so the required length reduces to

practically possible values
Amplitude Modulation
The modulation in which only the amplitude of the carrier wave is changed in
accordance with the signal to be transmitted is called amplitude modulation.
The frequency of modulated wave remains the same as carrier frequency

Derivation of AM wave
Here E is the amplitude of the modulated wave.
Now, e = (Ec + em) sin wct
= (Ec + Em sin wmt) sin wct
= Ec sin wct + Em sin wmt sin wct

(Because 2sinA sinB = cos (B-A) - cos (B+A))

Side band frequencies

As we can see above two new frequencies are produced. They are known as
side band frequencies. nc +nm is called the upper side band frequency
(USB). nc - nm is called the lower side-band frequency (LSB). The two sideband lie on either side of the carrier frequency at equal frequency
interval nm. So, band width is 2nm.

Why Carrier signal frequency should be high?

If the carrier signal frequency is high the required antenna length would be
lesser, therefore the power loss at antenna will be reduced significantly.
Furthermore high frequency signal undergo lesser dispersion and can travel
faster than low frequency signal.

Demodulation
Demodulators are used to separate the carrier signal and the modulating
signal. For AM synchronous detector is used