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Π.Ι ΕΣΩΤΕΡΙΚΗ ΑΞΙΟΛΟΓΗΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΙΣΜΟΣ ΕΡΓΟΥ ΣΧΟΛ. ΜΟΝΑΔΑΣ TOMOS1 - MEROS - C
Π.Ι ΕΣΩΤΕΡΙΚΗ ΑΞΙΟΛΟΓΗΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΙΣΜΟΣ ΕΡΓΟΥ ΣΧΟΛ. ΜΟΝΑΔΑΣ TOMOS1 - MEROS - C
·Ú·ÚÙ‹Ì·Ù·
∂™ø∆∂ƒπ∫∏ ∞•πO§O°∏™∏ ∫∞𠶃O°ƒ∞ªª∞∆π™ªO™ ∆OÀ ∂∫¶∞π¢∂À∆π∫OÀ ∂ƒ°OÀ ™∆∏ ™ÃO§π∫∏ ªO¡∞¢∞
∞ÔÛ¿ÛÌ·Ù· ·fi ÙÔ
∆¯ÓÈÎfi ¢ÂÏÙ›Ô ÙÔ˘
¶ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎÔ‡
¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜: ™Ùfi¯ÔÈ
Î·È ªÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›·
·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ· 1
∂™ø∆∂ƒπ∫∏ ∞•πO§O°∏™∏ ∫∞𠶃O°ƒ∞ªª∞∆π™ªO™ ∆OÀ ∂∫¶∞π¢∂À∆π∫OÀ ∂ƒ°OÀ ™∆∏ ™ÃO§π∫∏ ªO¡∞¢∞
∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹
™ÙÔ ·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ· ·˘Ùfi ·Ú·ı¤ÙÔ˘Ì ·ÔÛ¿ÛÌ·Ù· ·fi ÙÔ ∆¯ÓÈÎfi ¢ÂÏÙ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎÔ‡
ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜6 Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙË ÛÎÔÈÌfiÙËÙ· ηÈ
·Ó·ÁηÈfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÙÔ˘˜ ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ Î·È ÙË ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›· ÙÔ˘.
∆Ô ÚÔÙÂÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ˘¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙË ¢Ú¿ÛË ∞ ÙÔ˘ ÀÔ -ŒÚÁÔ˘ πππ ÙÔ˘ ŒÚÁÔ˘ ™.∂.¶.¶.∂. ∂ÓÙ¿ÛÛÂÙ·È
ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ÚfiÙ·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¶.π. ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÙÔ˘
ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘, ÂÓÒ ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ Î·È ÚÔÂÎÙ›ÓÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ Ù˘ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ·˜ 4.1Á ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ “ÂÎ-
·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi ۯ‰ȷÛÌfi”.
∏ ·Ó·ÁηÈfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·Ó·Ï‡ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ∆¯ÓÈÎfi ¢ÂÏÙ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ÀÔ - ŒÚÁÔ˘ πππ ÙÔ˘ ŒÚÁÔ˘ ÙˆÓ
™.∂.¶.¶.∂, ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ÛÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÌÔÓ¿‰·.
™ÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÙˆÓ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÁÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚÔ˘ ÂÎÛ˘Á¯ÚÔÓÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, ¯ÚÂÈ-
¿˙ÂÙ·È Ë Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÌÔÓ¿‰· Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ Ô ˘Ú‹Ó·˜ fiÔ˘ ı· ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Î·È ı· ·ÛÎÂ›Ù·È ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ ‰Ú¿ÛˆÓ,
Ô˘ ÛÙÔ¯Â‡Ô˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÍ·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓıËÎÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÚÔÛˆÈ΋, ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ Î·È Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË
ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÙˆÓ ÙÔÈÎÒÓ, ÂıÓÈÎÒÓ Î·È Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ Î·È Û˘ÓıËÎÒÓ.
∞˘Ùfi ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÂÓ‰˘Ó¿ÌˆÛ˘ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ·Ú·ÁfiÓÙˆÓ Ô˘ ÙËÓ Û˘Ó·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó (ÂÎ/ÎÔ›,
Ì·ıËÙ¤˜, ÁÔÓ›˜ Î·È ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·), ÒÛÙ ӷ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ‰ÈÂΉÈ΋ÛÔ˘Ó Î·È Ó· ·Ó·Ù‡ÍÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ηχÙÂÚ˜ ‰˘Ó·Ù¤˜
Û˘Óı‹Î˜ Î·È ‰Ú¿ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙÂÚË ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË, ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛË Î·È ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜.
6
µÏ. ∆¯ÓÈÎfi ¢ÂÏÙ›Ô ¶ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ «∂ÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Î·È ¶ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡
ŒÚÁÔ˘ ÛÙË ™¯ÔÏÈ΋ ªÔÓ¿‰·» ¶ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ 2Ô˘ Î·È 3Ô˘ ŒÙÔ˜ ∂Ê·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜, ŒÚÁÔ ™.∂.¶.¶.∂., ∞ı‹Ó·, ¡Ô¤Ì‚ÚÈÔ˜ 1998,
˘ÏÈÎfi ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ¤¯ÂÈ Î·Ù·ÙÂı› ÛÙË ª.À. ÙˆÓ ™.∂.¶.¶.∂.
∞¶O™¶∞™ª∞∆∞ ∞¶O ∆O ∆∂áπ∫O ¢∂§∆πO ∆OÀ ¶∂πƒ∞ª∞∆π∫OÀ ¶ƒO°ƒ∞ªª∞∆O™: ™∆OÃOπ ∫∞π ª∂£O¢O§O°π∞
∂™ø∆∂ƒπ∫∏ ∞•πO§O°∏™∏ ∫∞𠶃O°ƒ∞ªª∞∆π™ªO™ ∆OÀ ∂∫¶∞π¢∂À∆π∫OÀ ∂ƒ°OÀ ™∆∏ ™ÃO§π∫∏ ªO¡∞¢∞
·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ· 1 173
∆Ô ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÂȉÈÒÎÂÈ Ó· Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÓ‰˘Ó¿ÌˆÛË Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜,
ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈ΋˜ Î·È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ·ÔΤÓÙÚˆÛ˘, ·ÍÈÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ÙË ÁÓÒÛË Ô˘ ·ÔÎÙ¿Ù·È Ì ÙËÓ
¿ÓÙÏËÛË, ÚÔ‹, ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·Á‹ Î·È ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜. ∏ ‚·ÛÈ΋ ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ Ë
ÁÓÒÛË ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Î·È ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÙÂÈ ÙËÓ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, Ë ¿ÓÙÏËÛË Î·È Ë ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔ-
Ú›·˜, ̤۷ ·fi Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ ÌÈ·˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ‹ ÔÌ¿‰·˜, Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÏÂÈ
ÛÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔ‰˘Ó·Ì›· Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ÛÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏfi Ù˘. £ÂˆÚԇ̠fiÙÈ Ë ı¤ÛË ·˘Ù‹ Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÛÙË ÛË-
ÌÂÚÈÓ‹ “ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜”, fiÔ˘ ÔÈ ‰È·ı¤ÛÈ̘ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÏϤ˜ Î·È ÔÈΛϘ, ·ÏÏ¿ ÔÈ Â˘-
ηÈڛ˜ Î·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÂÚÈÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜. ∂ÎÙÈÌԇ̠fiÙÈ Ë ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· Û˘Ó-
ıËÎÒÓ Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÂÈ, ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, ÙȘ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÌÂ-
Ù·Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ Û ÁÓÒÛË. ªÈ· Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·, ˘Ú‹Ó·˜ Ù˘ ÔÔ›·˜ ›-
Ó·È Ë ıÂÌ·ÙÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÓÙÈÏ‹„ÂˆÓ Î·È Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Ë Â›ÁÓˆÛË ÙˆÓ ‚¿ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ‰È·-
ÛÙ¿ÛÂÒÓ Ù˘. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, Ë ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Û¯¤ÛÂˆÓ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ‰È¢ÎÔχÓÂÈ ÙȘ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ Î·È ·Ô-
ÙÂÏ› ÙË ‚¿ÛË ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË Û˘Ó·›ÓÂÛ˘. µ·ÛÈ΋ ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ë ·ÓÙ›ÏË-
„Ë fiÙÈ Ë ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›· Â›Ó·È ¯Ú‹ÛÈÌË fiÙ·Ó Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙËÓ ·fiÎÙËÛË Ù˘ ÁÓÒÛ˘ Î·È fiÙ·Ó Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÂÚÁ·ÏÂ›Ô ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ
ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ. O ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‚·ıÌfi (ÚÔ)ηıÔ-
Ú›˙ÂÈ Î·È ÙȘ ‰˘Ó·Ù¤˜ χÛÂȘ, Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÁÓˆÛÈÌfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜, ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Ó· ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È
ˆ˜ ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ·fi Ù· ̤ÏË ÙfiÛÔ Ù˘ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˘ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜, fiÛÔ Î·È Ù˘ ¢ڇÙÂÚ˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜. ∏ ÌÂÙ·ÊÔ-
Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ Ù˘ Âη›‰Â˘Û˘ ·Ó·‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ ÙÔ Î˘Ú›·Ú¯Ô, Û‹ÌÂÚ·, Úfi‚ÏËÌ·, ÙÔ
ÔÔ›Ô Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔÓ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚˆÓ Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ŒÚÁÔ˘.
∂›Ó·È Ê·ÓÂÚfi fiÙÈ Ë ÔÈfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Û˘ÓÈÛٷ̤ÓË ÔÏÏÒÓ ·Ú·ÁfiÓÙˆÓ. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏË-
Ï·, Ë ·ÔÙ›ÌËÛ‹ Ù˘ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È ÙfiÛÔ Ì ÙËÓ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘, fiÛÔ
Î·È Ì ÙË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË Î·È ‰È¿¯˘ÛË ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÈÎfi ¯ÒÚÔ ÂÓfi˜ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘ ·ÓÙÈÏ‹„ˆÓ, Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÂÈÏÔÁÒÓ, ‰Ë-
Ï·‰‹ “·Ó··Ú·ÛÙ¿ÛˆӔ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ Ô˘ ÙË Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó.
∏ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÙÂÈ ÙËÓ Â͇ÚÂÛË, ÙË ‰È¿ıÂÛË Î·È ÙË ÚÔ‹ Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ Ì ÙË
ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÂÓfi˜ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘ ‰ÂÈÎÙÒÓ. OÈ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ·˘ÙÔ› ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘Ó ÙË Ê˘ÛÈÔÁӈ̛· Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜, ÙȘ fi„ÂȘ
Î·È ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ/ÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ Ê¿ÛÌ· ÙˆÓ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ. ∞˘Ùfi ·Ó·‰ÂÈ-
ÎÓ‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÁÈ·:
·. ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ, ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ Î·È Ù¯ÓÈÎÒÓ Ì ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙËÓ ·Ó·˙‹ÙËÛË Î·È ÙËÓ Îˆ‰ÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜,
‚. ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÂÓfi˜ ·Ú¯Â›Ô˘ Ô˘ ı· ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÚfiÛ‚·ÛË ÛÙËÓ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·, ηÈ
Á. ‰È¢ÎfiÏ˘ÓÛË Ù˘ ‰È·Î›ÓËÛ˘ Î·È ÚÔ‹˜ Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜
∆· ·Ú·¿Óˆ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙË Û˘ÁΤÓÙÚˆÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ÂΛӈÓ
Ù· ÔÔ›· Â›Ó·È ·Ó·Áη›· ÁÈ· ÙË ÛÎÈ·ÁÚ¿ÊËÛË Ù˘ Ê˘ÛÈÔÁӈ̛·˜ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜. ∆·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ·, ÂÈÙÚ¤-
Ô˘Ó ÙË ‰È·Û‡Ó‰ÂÛË Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜ Ì ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ˜ Û¯ÔÏÈΤ˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜, ·ÊÔ‡, ¤ÙÛÈ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÂÙ·È ÌÈ·
ÎÔÈÓ‹ ÁÏÒÛÛ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙÔ˘˜. ∂› ϤÔÓ, Ë ¤ÓÙ·ÍË Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜ Û ¤Ó· Û‡ÓÔÏÔ (.¯., ÛÙÔ Û‡-
ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏ›ˆÓ ÌÈ·˜ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ·˜, ÌÈ·˜ ‚·ıÌ›‰·˜, ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜), Ô˘ ÂÈÙ˘Á¯¿ÓÂÙ·È Ì¤Ûˆ Ù˘ ÎÔÈ-
Ó‹˜ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜ ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹˜, ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÂÈ ÙȘ Û˘Óı‹Î˜ ÁÈ· ÙË Û˘ÁÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ·ÔÙ›ÌËÛË ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ ηÈ
ı¤ÙÂÈ ÙȘ ‚¿ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙË Û˘ÓÔÏÈ΋ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Ù˘ µ/ıÌÈ·˜ Î·È ∞/ıÌÈ·˜ Âη›‰Â˘Û˘ ˆ˜ ˘ÏÒÓˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂıÓÈÎÔ‡ ∂Î-
·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ™˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜.
O ¿ÍÔÓ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜: Â͇ÚÂÛË - ‰È·Î›ÓËÛË/ÚÔ‹ - ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·Á‹ Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ ˘ÏÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ÛÙÔ Úfi-
ÁÚ·ÌÌ· ·˘Ùfi Ì ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÂÓfi˜ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ¢ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘ ∂Î/΋˜ ¶ÏËÚÔÊfiÚËÛ˘ (¢.∂.¶.). ∏ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›·
ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ¢ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘ ∂Î/΋˜ ¶ÏËÚÔÊfiÚËÛ˘ ·ÍÈÔÔÈ›, Ì ÙÔÓ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ÙÚfiÔ, ÙË Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓË Î·È ÒÚÈÌË ÙÂ-
¯ÓÔÏÔÁ›· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ˘ÏÔÔ›ËÛË ÂÓfi˜ ‚·ÛÈÎÔ‡ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘ Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ÙË ‰ËÌÈ-
Ô˘ÚÁ›· ˘Ô‰ÔÌ‹˜ ÛÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi/ÂÚÈÊÂÚÂÈ·Îfi Â›Â‰Ô ÁÈ· ÙË ÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ÙÔ˘ ıÂÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ÙˆÓ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ Ù˘ ÂηÈ-
‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ Î·È ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈ΋˜ ·ÔΤÓÙÚˆÛ˘.
O ¿ÍÔÓ·˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ ˘ÏÔÔÈ›ٷÈ, ›Û˘, Ì ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÂÓfi˜ “¶·Ú·ÙËÚËÙËÚ›Ô˘ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘”, ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÈÛÙË-
ÌÔÓÈ΋ ÂÓË̤ڈÛË Î·È ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·Á‹ Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ Û ı¤Ì·Ù· ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘. ∆Ô “¶·-
Ú·ÙËÚËÙ‹ÚÈÔ” ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÎfiÌ‚Ô ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÚfiÛ‚·ÛË ÛÙȘ Û¯ÂÙÈΤ˜ Ì ÙÔ ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ‰È·ı¤ÛÈ-
̘ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ÛÙÔ ÂıÓÈÎfi Î·È ‰ÈÂıÓ¤˜ ›‰Ô.
∏ ÔÈfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ·ÔÙÈÌ¿Ù·È, ›Û˘ -Î·È Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· ÂÍ·ÚٿٷÈ- ·fi ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ ·Ó·-
·Ú·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È, ‰È·¯¤ÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÈ-
Îfi ¯ÒÚÔ. ŒÙÛÈ, Ë ·ÔÙ›ÌËÛË, ˆ˜ ¤ÎÊÚ·ÛË Ù˘ - ·˘ÙÔÓfiËÙ˘ ÁÈ· ÙË Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÛË Ù˘ ÁÓÒÛ˘ - ··›ÙËÛ˘ ÁÈ· ·ÓÙÈ-
ÎÂÈÌÂÓÈÎfiÙËÙ·, ˘Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ‹/Î·È ÙˆÓ Û¯¤ÛˆÓ, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÙËÓ
·ÂÈÎfiÓÈÛË ÙˆÓ Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙÔ‡Ó ÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙË Û¯¤ÛË Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ-
΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜ Ì ÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ÙÔÈ΋˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜. ∏ ··›ÙËÛË ·˘Ù‹ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ¿ÍÔÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿Ì-
∞¶O™¶∞™ª∞∆∞ ∞¶O ∆O ∆∂áπ∫O ¢∂§∆πO ∆OÀ ¶∂πƒ∞ª∞∆π∫OÀ ¶ƒO°ƒ∞ªª∞∆O™: ™∆OÃOπ ∫∞π ª∂£O¢O§O°π∞
174 ·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ· 1
∂™ø∆∂ƒπ∫∏ ∞•πO§O°∏™∏ ∫∞𠶃O°ƒ∞ªª∞∆π™ªO™ ∆OÀ ∂∫¶∞π¢∂À∆π∫OÀ ∂ƒ°OÀ ™∆∏ ™ÃO§π∫∏ ªO¡∞¢∞
Ì·ÙÔ˜: ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË, ·ÔÙ›ÌËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ Î·È ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡
¤ÚÁÔ˘ ÛÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÌÔÓ¿‰·. OÈ ¿ÍÔÓ˜ ·˘ÙÔ› ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ÛÙȘ ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈΤ˜, ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈΤ˜, ·È‰·ÁˆÁÈΤ˜ ηÈ
ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈΤ˜ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ÛÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÌÔÓ¿‰· Î·È ÛÙÔ¯Â‡Ô˘Ó Î·Ù·Ú¯‹Ó ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÁÚ·-
Ê‹ Î·È ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜, Û˘¯Ó¿, ÌÔÏÔÓfiÙÈ Â›Ó·È Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙË̤Ó˜ Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó, ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Â‡-
ÎÔÏ· ‰È·ı¤ÛÈ̘.
OÈ ¿ÍÔÓ˜ ·˘ÙÔ› ˘ÏÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Ì ÙËÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË Î·È ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÌÈ·˜ ÛÂÈÚ¿˜ ÂÓÂÚÁÂÈÒÓ, ÛÙfi¯Ô˜
ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ Â›Ó·È Ë Û˘ÓÔÏÈ΋ ·ÔÙ›ÌËÛË Î·È Ô ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ̤۷ ·fi ‰È·‰Èη-
ۛ˜ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘. ŒÙÛÈ, ÔÈ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› ı· ÂÌÏ·ÎÔ‡Ó Û ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘
ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜, ÙÔÓ ÂÓÙÔÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ÙËÓ ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍË ÙˆÓ ‰˘Ó·ÙÔًوÓ, ÙËÓ
ÈÂÚ¿Ú¯ËÛË ÙˆÓ ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ Î·È ÙËÓ Â›Ï˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ.
OÈ ¿ÍÔÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜: ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË, ·ÔÙ›ÌËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ Î·È ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ-
ÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ÛÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÌÔÓ¿‰· ·ÍÈÔÔÈÔ‡Ó Ì ÙÔÓ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ÙÚfiÔ ÙË ‰È·ı¤ÛÈÌË ÂÈÛÙËÌÔ-
ÓÈ΋ ÁÓÒÛË, Ë ÔÔ›· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙËÓ ·ÔÎÚ˘ÛÙ¿ÏψÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÒÓ ÚÔÛ·ıÂÈÒÓ Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙË-
Ù·˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi Î·È ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ¯ÒÚÔ.
™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ·˘Ù‹, Ë ÂÌÏÔ΋ ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙȘ ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛ˘, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÙË Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹, ÙËÓ ·Ó¿-
Ï˘ÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜, ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙËÓ ·Ó·Áη›· Û˘Óı‹ÎË ÁÈ· ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘
Û˘ÓÙÂÏÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ˘ ¤ÚÁÔ˘. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, Ì ÙȘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÔÈ ÂȉÈÒÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÂÓ·ÚÌÔÓ›˙Ô-
ÓÙ·È Ì ¤Ó· ‚·ÛÈÎfi ÛÙfi¯Ô Ù˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ÂÓÂÚÁËÙÈ΋ Û˘Ì-
ÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙÒÓ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜ ÛÙȘ ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ ÂÓfi˜ ·ÔÎÂÓÙڈ̤ÓÔ˘ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘-
ÙÈÎÔ‡ ۯ‰ȷÛÌÔ‡.
™˘Ó¿Ì·, Ë Û‡Ó‰ÂÛË Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ ·Ó··Ú·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜
Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÔÓÙ·È, ‰È·¯¤ÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi ¯ÒÚÔ Î·È ÙÔÓ ÎÔÈ-
ÓˆÓÈÎfi ÂÚ›Á˘Úfi ÙÔ˘, ̤۷ ·fi ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘, ·Ó·‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ ÙË ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚË, ›Ûˆ˜,
‰È¿ÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ùfi˜ Ì·˜.
™˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ, ıˆÚԇ̠fiÙÈ Ë ·ÔÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘, ˆ˜ ¤ÎÊÚ·ÛË Ù˘ - ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ
·Ô‰ÂÎÙ‹˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ·Ó·‰ÂÈÎÓ˘fiÌÂÓ˘, ÛÙË ‚¿ÛË ÛÔ‚·ÚÒÓ ÂȯÂÈÚËÌ¿ÙˆÓ- ··›ÙËÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È·Ù‡-
ˆÛË ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ÎÚ›ÛˆÓ, ˘Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi, ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ›‰ÈÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙ¤˜,
ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ÂÎÂ›ÓˆÓ Ù· ÔÔ›· Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ¤ÓÓÔÈ· Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜. ∆·˘ÙfiÁ¯ÚÔÓ·, ÔÈ ÂÚÈÁڷʤ˜, ̤۷ ·fi
‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘, ÙˆÓ ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈÎÒÓ, ÂÎ/ÎÒÓ, ·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÒÓ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛˆÓ
Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÔÈ ·Ó··Ú·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ ·Ó·‰‡ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙȘ ÂÚÈ-
Áڷʤ˜ ·˘Ù¤˜, ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó Ù· ̤۷ Ì ‚¿ÛË Ù· ÔÔ›· ÔÈ ÎÚ˘ÛÙ·ÏÏÒÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ
Ó· ·Ó·Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È ‹/Î·È Ó· ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È.
∏ ÂÈÛ‹Ì·ÓÛË ·˘Ù‹, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ fiÙÈ Ë fiÔÈ· ·ÏÏ·Á‹ ÛÙ· ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈο Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù·, ÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿-
‰·˜, ··ÈÙ› ÙË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ ÂÌÏÂÎÔ̤ӈÓ, ΢ڛˆ˜ Ì ÙËÓ ·fiÎÙËÛË ÁÓÒÛ˘ Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÏËÚÔ-
ÊÔÚ›·˜, ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÌÈ· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ·Ú·‰Ô¯‹ Ù˘ ıÂÒÚËÛ‹˜ Ì·˜. Ÿ„Ë Ù˘ ·Ú·‰Ô¯‹˜ ·˘Ù‹˜ Â›Ó·È Î·È Ë ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë
fiÙÈ Ë ·fiÎÙËÛË ¯Ú‹ÛÈÌ˘ ÁÓÒÛ˘ -ÁÓÒÛ˘ Ô˘ ı· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÂÈ ÌÔ¯Ïfi ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔ›ËÛË ·ÏÏ·ÁÒÓ- ‰ÂÓ ÂÈ-
Ù˘Á¯¿ÓÂÙ·È ·Ï¿ Ì ÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÂÓfi˜ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘ ηÓfiÓˆÓ Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ Û˘ÏϤÁÔÓÙ·È, Ù·ÍÈÓÔÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È
Î·È ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ Î·È Ù· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ. ∂›Ó·È, Ì¿ÏÏÔÓ, ÌÈ· ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ÂÚÌËÓ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ
Î·È ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ¿Ù¢Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜. ∆fiÛÔ Ë ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË Û˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈÎÒÓ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ, fiÛÔ Î·È Ë ·Ó·˙‹ÙËÛË ÙÚfi-
ˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÙÂÎÌËÚ›ˆÛË Ù˘ “ÂÁ΢ÚfiÙËÙ·˜” ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ, Ì ‚¿ÛË Ù· ÔÔ›· ·Ô‰›‰ÂÙ·È ÓfiËÌ· Û ÌÈ· ‰È¿ÛÙ·-
ÛË Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜, ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ·˘Ùfi ÛËÌÂ›Ô ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓË-
Û˘. ∞˘Ùfi ·Ó·‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÔÈ ‰ÈÂÚ¢ӋÛÂȘ Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙË ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ ÂÓÂÚÁËÙÈ΋˜ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯È΋˜
¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Ó· Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È Ó· ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÔÓÙ·È Î·È Ì ÙË ‰ÈÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ÌÔÚÊÒÓ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜. ∂›Û˘ ÔÈ ÂÚÈ-
Áڷʤ˜ ÙˆÓ Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ Ì ‚¿ÛË Ù· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ÂÚÁ·Ï›· Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Î·È ·-
ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Â›Ó·È ·Ó¿ÁÎË Ó· Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË Ì¤ÛˆÓ Î·È ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ Ù˘ ÂÚÌËÓ¢ÙÈ΋˜
·Ú¿‰ÔÛ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ, fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË ·Ú·‰ÂÈÁÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ÚÔÛÔÌÔÈÒÛÂˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÔÈΛψÓ
Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ.
ŒÙÛÈ ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ·ÍÈÔÔÈ› Î·È ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· ıÂÌ·ÙÔÔÈ›, Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍË ÌÈ·˜ ηı·Ú¿ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈ΋˜ ‰È¿ÛÙ·-
Û˘ ÛÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·, ÙËÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë, Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· Ë ÂÓÂÚÁËÙÈ΋ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯È΋
¤Ú¢ӷ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙËÓ Ô˘Û›· Ù˘ ·ÏÏ·Á‹˜ ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË ÁÈ· ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÔÈ-
fiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ/ÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘.
∆· ·Ú·¿Óˆ ·Ó·‰ÂÈÎÓ‡Ô˘Ó ÌÈ· ‚·ÛÈ΋ ηÈÓÔÙÔÌ›· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ùfi˜ Ì·˜, Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ ˙‹ÙËÌ· Ù˘ ·ÍÈÔÏfi-
∞¶O™¶∞™ª∞∆∞ ∞¶O ∆O ∆∂áπ∫O ¢∂§∆πO ∆OÀ ¶∂πƒ∞ª∞∆π∫OÀ ¶ƒO°ƒ∞ªª∞∆O™: ™∆OÃOπ ∫∞π ª∂£O¢O§O°π∞
∂™ø∆∂ƒπ∫∏ ∞•πO§O°∏™∏ ∫∞𠶃O°ƒ∞ªª∞∆π™ªO™ ∆OÀ ∂∫¶∞π¢∂À∆π∫OÀ ∂ƒ°OÀ ™∆∏ ™ÃO§π∫∏ ªO¡∞¢∞
·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ· 1 175
ÁËÛ˘, Ë ÔÔ›· Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë fiÙÈ Ë ÁÓÒÛË Á›ÓÂÙ·È “·ÓÙÈÎÂÈÌÂÓÈ΋” Ì ÙËÓ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· Ù˘ ÏËÚÔ-
ÊÔÚ›·˜: ∆Ë Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ, ÙË Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÛË Î·È ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍË ·Ó··Ú·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfi-
ÙËÙ·˜, ÙËÓ ÂÚÌËÓ›· ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙË ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ¿Ù¢ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÓÔ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜. ∆Ô ÛÎÂÙÈÎfi ·˘Ùfi ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈ› ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·
·˘Ùfi Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ¿ÏÏ· ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Ù· ÔÔ›· Ì ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Ṳ̂Ó˜ Î·È Ù¯ÓÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜
·Ô‚Ï¤Ô˘Ó Ó· ηٷÁÚ¿„Ô˘Ó (˘ÔÙ›ıÂÙ·È Ì ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈÌÂÓÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ), Ó· Ù·ÍÈÓÔÌ‹ÛÔ˘Ó Î·È Ó· Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÔÔÈ‹-
ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›· Ì ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÂÓfi˜ ¤ÚÁÔ˘. ∏ ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔ›ËÛË ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë fiÙÈ ÙÔ
ÎÚ›ÛÈÌÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Ë Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ ÂÓfi˜ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ Î·È Ë ÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ Û˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ûfi Â͈ÙÂÚÈ-
ÎÔ‡˜, Ì ÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ù˘ ¿ÓÙÏËÛ˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ, ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁËÙ¤˜. ∂›Ó·È, ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ, Ë ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ¿ÓÙÏËÛ˘
Î·È Ë ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ›‰ÈÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯ÔÓÙ˜, ηıÒ˜ ›Û˘ Î·È Ô ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜
ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ··ÈÙ› Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈÎfi ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Î·È ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÙÂÈ, Î·È ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· ‰È·-
ÌÔÚÊÒÓÂÈ, Û˘Ó·›ÓÂÛË. °È· ÙÔ ÏfiÁÔ ·˘Ùfi ‰Â Á›ÓÂÙ·È ¯Ú‹ÛË ·fiÏ˘Ù· ‰È·ÌÔÚÊˆÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÌÂÙ·‚ÏËÙÒÓ, ·ÏÏ¿ ÔÈ ÌÂÙ·-
‚ÏËÙ¤˜ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È Â·Ó·ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì¤Û· ·fi ÙȘ ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ Ù˘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘, ÌÂ
ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ÊÔÚ¤· Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ Û˘ÓÙÔÓ›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ˘ÏÔÔ›ËÛË (ÔÌ¿‰· ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋˜ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢) Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÊÔ-
Ú¤· ÂÎÙ¤ÏÂÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜.
∞Í›˙ÂÈ, Ù¤ÏÔ˜, Ó· ÛËÌÂȈı› fiÙÈ Ë ¤ÌÊ·ÛË, Ë ÔÔ›· ‰›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË, ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ-
ÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘, ÂÓ·ÚÌÔÓ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ Ù˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ -Û ÂıÓÈ-
Îfi Î·È Â˘Úˆ·˚Îfi Â›Â‰Ô - ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍË ÙˆÓ Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏˆÓ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡
¤ÚÁÔ˘ ÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜. ™˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È ÌÂ:
·) ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ À.∂.¶.£. ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÙÔ˘ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ŒÚÁÔ˘,
‚) ÙȘ ηÙ¢ı‡ÓÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ¶ÈÏÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Ù˘ ¶ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜
Ù˘ ∂η›‰Â˘Û˘,
Á) Ù· ÔÚ›ÛÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ™˘ÌÔÛ›Ô˘ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ∆¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙËÓ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÙˆÓ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ
™˘ÛÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ: ™¯ÔÏÈ΋ (∞˘ÙÔ-) ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Î·È ∞ÔΤÓÙÚˆÛË,
‰) ÙȘ ηÙ¢ı‡ÓÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ¢ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘ ÙˆÓ À¢ı‡ÓˆÓ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÙˆÓ
∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ™˘ÛÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ.
∂ÈϤÔÓ, Ô ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÚÁ·Ï›ˆÓ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ‰È·ı¤ÛÈÌ· Û‹ÌÂÚ· Ì Ӥ· Î·È Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏ· ̤-
Û· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÒÓ/·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÒÓ Û¯¤ÛˆÓ, Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÁÂ-
ÓÈÎfi ÛÙfi¯Ô Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜. ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ ÛÙfi¯Ô ·˘Ùfi, ‰›ÓÂÙ·È ¤ÌÊ·ÛË ÛÙÔÓ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ
ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ÂÎÂ›ÓˆÓ Ô˘ Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÔÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ Âη›‰Â˘Û˘ Î·È Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘
ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜.
ŒÙÛÈ, ÂÎÙÈÌԇ̠fiÙÈ ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ·˘Ùfi ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÛÔ‚·Ú‹ ηÈÓÔÙÔÌ›· ÁÈ· Ù· ÂÏÏËÓÈο ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ Ïfi-
ÁÔ ·˘Ùfi ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Î·È ÙË Û˘Ó·›ÓÂÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÌÏÂÎÔ̤ӈÓ.
™ÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ “¶ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎfi ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· EÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ AÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Î·È ¶ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡
ÙÔ˘ EÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ŒÚÁÔ˘ ÛÙË ™¯ÔÏÈ΋ MÔÓ¿‰·” ÂȯÂÈÚÂ›Ù·È Ó· ‰ÈÂÚ¢ÓËı› ÙÔ È‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ, ÔÈ
ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ, ÔÈ ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ Î·È Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ ÂÓfi˜ ÚÔÙ‡Ô˘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜
·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Î·È ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘, ÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜.
™ÎÔfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘
ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ Ì ÙË ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔ›ËÛË Ì¤ÛˆÓ, ÂÚÁ·Ï›ˆÓ Î·È Ù¯ÓÈÎÒÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Ô˘ ı· ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›-
˙Ô˘Ó ÙË ÚÔ‹/·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·Á‹ Î·È ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ, ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi Â›Â‰Ô fiÛÔ Î·È ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡
Î·È ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘. ∏ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ/ÎÔ‡ ۯ‰ȷÛÌÔ‡ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ Î·È ‰È-
ÔÈÎËÙÈ΋˜ ·ÔΤÓÙÚˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜.
∆Ô ÛÎÂÙÈÎfi Ù˘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜ ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË ÙÔ˘
ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÔ‡ ÂÎ/ÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ (.¯. ÙÈ ÁÓÒÛÂȘ ‰›ÓÂÈ; ÔÈ· Â›Ó·È Ë ÔÈfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÁÓÒÛˆÓ; Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ë ÁÓÒ-
ÛË Ì ÙËÓ ÂÚÁ·Û›·; ÙÈ ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Û‹ÌÂÚ·; Î.Ù.Ï.). ŒÙÛÈ, ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ Ë ·Ó¿ÁÎË Ù˘ ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹˜ ÛÂ
‚¿ıÔ˜ Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜, Ë ÔÔ›· ı· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËı› ˆ˜ ˘fi‚·ıÚÔ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ-
ÛÌfi ÂÓfi˜ Ó¤Ô˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ۯ‰ȷÛÌÔ‡, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ı· ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ Î·È ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘
Ó¤Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ· Ô˘ ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È. ™ËÌÂ›Ô ÂÎΛÓËÛ˘ ÂÓfi˜ Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ˘ ۯ‰ȷÛÌÔ‡ Â›Ó·È Ë ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Ù˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹˜ ÂÎ-
·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜, Ë ÔÔ›· Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ fiÏˆÓ ÂΛӈÓ, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ Û˘ÌÚ¿ÙÙÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ
‰È·ÌfiÚʈۋ ÙÔ˘˜ (Ì·ıËÙ¤˜, ÂÎ/ÎÔ›, ÁÔÓ›˜, ÊÔÚ›˜, Î.Ù.Ï.). ∆· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ·˘Ù‹˜ ı·
¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÏÏ·Á‹ Î·È ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ÂÎ/ÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ Î·Ù·Ú¯‹Ó ‚ÂÏ-
Ù›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛÊÂÚfiÌÂÓÔ˘ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜. ™˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ, ÔÈ ÛÙfi-
¯ÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ Û˘Ó‰¤ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ‰ÈÔÈ-
∞¶O™¶∞™ª∞∆∞ ∞¶O ∆O ∆∂áπ∫O ¢∂§∆πO ∆OÀ ¶∂πƒ∞ª∞∆π∫OÀ ¶ƒO°ƒ∞ªª∞∆O™: ™∆OÃOπ ∫∞π ª∂£O¢O§O°π∞
176 ·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ· 1
∂™ø∆∂ƒπ∫∏ ∞•πO§O°∏™∏ ∫∞𠶃O°ƒ∞ªª∞∆π™ªO™ ∆OÀ ∂∫¶∞π¢∂À∆π∫OÀ ∂ƒ°OÀ ™∆∏ ™ÃO§π∫∏ ªO¡∞¢∞
ÎËÙÈÎÒÓ, ·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÒÓ, ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÒÓ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ Ú·ÎÙÈ΋˜, ηıÒ˜ ›Û˘ Î·È Ì ÙËÓ ·Ú·-
ÁˆÁ‹ ÁÓÒÛ˘, ›ӷÈ:
1. ∏ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋ Û‡Ó‰ÂÛË ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏ›ˆÓ ÁÈ· ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·Á‹ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·È ÏËÚÔÊfiÚËÛ˘, Ì ÙË ‰ËÌÈ-
Ô˘ÚÁ›· ¢.∂.¶. ÁÈ· Û˘ÁΤÓÙÚˆÛË, ÌÂϤÙË Î·È ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ô˘ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙÔ
ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi ¤ÚÁÔ Ù˘ ™.ª.
2. ∏ ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹ ÚÒÙˆÓ ÁÂÓÈÎÒÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙÔ ÂÎ/Îfi ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎfi, ÙËÓ ˘ÏÈÎÔÙ¯ÓÈ΋ ˘Ô-
‰ÔÌ‹, ÙȘ ·È‰·ÁˆÁÈΤ˜ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ, ÙȘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈΤ˜ Ú·ÎÙÈΤ˜, ÙË ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛË, ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË Î·È ÏÂÈ-
ÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· Ù˘ ™.ª.
3. ∏ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Î·È ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÔÛÔÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÔÈÔÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÚÁ·Ï›ˆÓ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë ÂÎÙ›-
ÌËÛË Ù˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ÂÚÁ·Ï›ˆÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ, ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤Ú-
ÁÔ˘ Ì ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘.
4. ∏ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÔ›ËÛË Î·È Ë ·Ó·˙‹ÙËÛË Ó¤ˆÓ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ ÙˆÓ ·Ú·ÁfiÓÙˆÓ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ-
΋˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ Î·È Âη›‰Â˘Û˘ (ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔ›ËÛË Û˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘ ‰È‰·ÛÎfiÓÙˆÓ, ÁÔÓ¤ˆÓ, Ì·ıËÙÈÎÒÓ ÎÔÈÓÔÙ‹-
ÙˆÓ, ÊÔÚ¤ˆÓ, Î.Ù.Ï.) ÛÙËÓ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÙˆÓ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ·Ú·ÁfiÓÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ-
·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ÛÂ Â›Â‰Ô ™.ª.
5. ∏ ·Ó·˙‹ÙËÛË ÌÔÚÊÒÓ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÒÓ, ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ ÊÔÚ¤ˆÓ Ù˘
ÙÔÈ΋˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÛÙË ÌÔÚʈÙÈ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·, ÙÔÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Î·È ÙË ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛË Ù˘ ™.ª.
6. ∏ ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË, ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ›‰ÈÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ‰È‰¿ÛÎÔÓÙ˜, ÙˆÓ ‰È‰·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi-
¯Ô˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ó·Ï˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ÂÈ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÁÓˆÛÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ӈÓ.
7. ∏ Û˘ÓÔÏÈ΋ ·ÔÙ›ÌËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ÛÂ Â›Â‰Ô ™.ª. Ì ÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ù˘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ-
΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Ì ÛÎÔfi ÙÔÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Ó¤ˆÓ ‰Ú¿ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ Û˘Ó‰¤ÔÓÙ·È Ì ٷ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ·
¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο Ù˘ ™.ª.
8. ∏ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· “¶·Ú·ÙËÚËÙËÚ›Ô˘ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘”, Ì ıÂÌ·ÙÈÎfi ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ-
·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ÛÂ Â›Â‰Ô ™.ª. ∆Ô “¶·Ú·ÙËÚËÙ‹ÚÈÔ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘” ı· ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙËÓ Úfi-
Û‚·ÛË Û ۯÂÙÈΤ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ÛÙÔÓ Î¿ı ÂӉȷÊÂÚfiÌÂÓÔ (ÂÚ¢ÓËÙ‹, ÂÎ/Îfi, ÊÔÈÙËÙ‹, Î.Ï..).
TÔ “¶ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎfi ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· EÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ AÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Î·È ¶ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ EÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ŒÚÁÔ˘ ÛÙË
™¯ÔÏÈ΋ MÔÓ¿‰·” ÚԂϤÂÈ:
ñ ∆ËÓ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· Î·È ‰È¿ıÂÛË ÛÙË ™.M. ÂÚÁ·Ï›ˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÛÔÙÈ΋ Î·È ÙËÓ ÔÈÔÙÈ΋ ·ÔÙ›ÌËÛË ÙˆÓ ‚·ÛÈ-
ÎÒÓ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ (‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈÎÒÓ, ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ, ·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÒÓ, Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ-
ÎÒÓ), ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Î·È ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÛÙȘ ™.ª. ÌÈ·˜ ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›·˜ Ô˘ ·ÓÙÏ› ·fi ÙȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ Ù˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯È΋˜
¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Î·È ÙȘ Ú·ÎÙÈΤ˜ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÔÓÙ·È Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜
¯ÒÚ˜ Î·È ÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆÛ˘.
ñ ∆Ë Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË, Ë ÔÔ›· ÂÈÙ˘Á¯¿ÓÂÙ·È Ì¤Û· ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· Î·È ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ù˘ ÂηÈ-
‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÂȉÈÒÎÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ¤Á΢Ú˘ Î·È ·ÍÈfiÈÛÙ˘ ÁÓÒÛ˘.
ñ ∆Ë Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ ¤ÙÛÈ ÒÛÙ ÔÈ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ Ó· Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈο.
ñ ∆ËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ ÂÍ·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛ˘ Ù˘ Û˘Ó·›ÓÂÛ˘, Ë ÔÔ›· ÂÈÙ˘Á¯¿ÓÂÙ·È Ì¤Û· ·fi ÙË ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ¿Ù¢-
ÛË fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ı¤ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ·fi„ˆÓ.
ñ ∆ËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Î·È ÂÓ‰˘Ó¿ÌˆÛË Ù˘ ™.M. Î·È ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ Ù˘, ̤۷ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ-
ÛÌ¤ÓˆÓ ‰Ú¿ÛˆÓ.
ñ ∆Ë Û‡Ó‰ÂÛË Ù˘ ™.M. Ì ÙȘ ÙÔÈΤ˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈΤ˜ ·Ú¯¤˜, Ì ÙËÓ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈ΋ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ· Î·È Ì ÙËÓ ÙÔÈ΋
ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·.
ŒÙÛÈ ·ÔʇÁÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ‰˘ÛÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›Â˜ Î·È Ù· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·, Ù· ÔÔ›· ·Ó·‰ÂÈÎÓ‡Ô˘Ó Ë ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÌÈ·˜ Û˘ÁÎÂ-
ÓÙÚˆÙÈ΋˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ (.¯. ÂÈ‚ÔÏ‹ ̤ÙÚˆÓ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ·Ô‰Ô¯‹ ÙˆÓ ·Ú·ÁfiÓÙˆÓ Ù˘ ÂÎ-
∞¶O™¶∞™ª∞∆∞ ∞¶O ∆O ∆∂áπ∫O ¢∂§∆πO ∆OÀ ¶∂πƒ∞ª∞∆π∫OÀ ¶ƒO°ƒ∞ªª∞∆O™: ™∆OÃOπ ∫∞π ª∂£O¢O§O°π∞
∂™ø∆∂ƒπ∫∏ ∞•πO§O°∏™∏ ∫∞𠶃O°ƒ∞ªª∞∆π™ªO™ ∆OÀ ∂∫¶∞π¢∂À∆π∫OÀ ∂ƒ°OÀ ™∆∏ ™ÃO§π∫∏ ªO¡∞¢∞
·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ· 1 177
·›‰Â˘Û˘) Î·È Ë Û˘Ì‚·ÙÈ΋ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ (.¯ Ë ·˘ıÂÓÙ›· ÙÔ˘ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙ‹ Î·È Ë ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›· ¿ÓÙÏËÛ˘ ¯Ú‹-
ÛÈÌˆÓ Û˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙË ™.ª.), Î·È ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë ™.M. Â›Ó·È ˘Â‡ı˘ÓË Î·È ˘fiÏÔÁË ÁÈ·
ÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ Ù˘. H ı¤ÛË ·˘Ù‹ ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈ› ÙÔ ÌÔÓÙ¤ÏÔ Ô˘ ‰ÔÎÈÌ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÛÌfi ·˘Ùfi ·fi ¿ÏÏ· ÌÔÓÙ¤-
Ï· Ô˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ Ë Û¯ÂÙÈ΋ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·: ÙÔ ÌÔÓÙ¤ÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ÎÚ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ (·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎÒÓ ·ÍÈÔÏÔ-
ÁËÙÒÓ), ÙÔ Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÎfi ÌÔÓÙ¤ÏÔ (·Ó·˙‹ÙËÛË Û˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏˆÓ ‹/Î·È ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁËÙÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘
Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ˙ˆ‹˜) ‹ ÙÔ Î·Ù·Ó·ÏˆÙÈÎfi ÌÔÓÙ¤ÏÔ (ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ÏÔÁÔ‰ÔÙ› ÛÙÔ˘˜ “ÂÏ¿Ù˜”, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜ ηÈ
ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜).
™˘ÓÔ„›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙË Û‡ÓÙÔÌË ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË ÙˆÓ ·Ú¯ÒÓ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ηÙ¢ı‡ÓÔ˘Ó ÙË ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜,
Â›Ó·È Ê·ÓÂÚfi fiÙÈ ÙfiÛÔ Ë ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË Û˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈÎÒÓ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ fiÛÔ Î·È Ë ·Ó·˙‹ÙËÛË ÙÚfiˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÙÂÎÌË-
Ú›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÂÁ΢ÚfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ Ì ‚¿ÛË Ù· ÔÔ›· ·Ô‰›‰ÂÙ·È ÓfiËÌ· Û ÌÈ· ‰È¿ÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜
‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÁÈ· ÙËÓ “∂ÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ AÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË” ·ÊÂÙËÚȷο ÛËÌ›·.
∞¶O™¶∞™ª∞∆∞ ∞¶O ∆O ∆∂áπ∫O ¢∂§∆πO ∆OÀ ¶∂πƒ∞ª∞∆π∫OÀ ¶ƒO°ƒ∞ªª∞∆O™: ™∆OÃOπ ∫∞π ª∂£O¢O§O°π∞
178 ·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ· 1
∂™ø∆∂ƒπ∫∏ ∞•πO§O°∏™∏ ∫∞𠶃O°ƒ∞ªª∞∆π™ªO™ ∆OÀ ∂∫¶∞π¢∂À∆π∫OÀ ∂ƒ°OÀ ™∆∏ ™ÃO§π∫∏ ªO¡∞¢∞
™ÙÔȯ›· ·fi ÙËÓ
¶ÚfiÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘
¶ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎÔ‡
¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜
·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ· 2
∂™ø∆∂ƒπ∫∏ ∞•πO§O°∏™∏ ∫∞𠶃O°ƒ∞ªª∞∆π™ªO™ ∆OÀ ∂∫¶∞π¢∂À∆π∫OÀ ∂ƒ°OÀ ™∆∏ ™ÃO§π∫∏ ªO¡∞¢∞
§›Á· ÂÓËÌÂÚˆÙÈο ÛÙÔȯ›·
∆Ô ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi ˘ÏÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∂ÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Î·È ¶ÚÔÁÚ·Ì-
Ì·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ŒÚÁÔ˘ ÛÙË ™¯ÔÏÈ΋ ªÔÓ¿‰· ÂÊ·ÚÌfiÛÙËΠ‰ÔÎÈÌ·ÛÙÈο Û ÚÔÁÂ-
Ó¤ÛÙÂÚË, ·ÏÏ¿ ·ÚfiÌÔÈ· ÌÔÚÊ‹ ηٿ ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÈÎfi ¤ÙÔ˜ 1997-98 Î·È Û˘Ó¯›ÛÙËΠӷ ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙ÂÙ·È
Î·È Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜ 1998-99.
∫·Ù¿ ÙÔÓ ÚÒÙÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ Ù˘ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯·Ó ÛÙÔÓ ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÛÌfi ¤ÍÈ Û¯ÔÏÈΤ˜ ÌÔÓ¿-
‰Â˜ µ/ıÌÈ·˜ Âη›‰Â˘Û˘. ∫·È Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ :
∫·Ù¿ ÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ (1998-99) ·Ú¤ÌÂÈÓ·Ó ÛÙÔ ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ‰‡Ô Û¯ÔÏ›· ηÈ
ÚÔÛÙ¤ıËÎ·Ó ÙÚ›· ·ÎfiÌ· ·fi ÙË µ/ıÌÈ· Âη›‰Â˘ÛË Î·È Ù¤ÛÛÂÚ· ·fi ÙËÓ ∞/ıÌÈ·. ◊Ù·Ó Ë ÚÒ-
ÙË ÊÔÚ¿ Ô˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯·Ó ¢ËÌÔÙÈο ™¯ÔÏ›· ÛÙÔÓ ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÛÌfi. O ›Ó·Î·˜ Ì ÙȘ Û¯ÔÏÈΤ˜ ÌÔ-
Ó¿‰Â˜ Ô˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯·Ó ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ηٿ ÙË ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ¯ÚÔÓÈ¿ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒıËΠˆ˜ ÂÍ‹˜:
∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ʇÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ηÈ
ÙȘ ‰‡Ô ¯ÚÔÓȤ˜ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi˜ ıˆڋıËÎÂ Ô ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·˜ Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Û ÙÔ ‚·ıÌfi ÂÈı˘-
Ì›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ™˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘ ¢È‰·ÛÎfiÓÙˆÓ Ó· ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÔÈËı› Î·È Ó· Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯ÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÛÌfi.
∞ÎfiÌ· Û˘Ó˘ÔÏÔÁ›ÛÙËÎÂ Ë ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ Î·È Ë ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ÚԤϢÛË ÙˆÓ Ì·-
ıËÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘. ∂ȉÈÒ¯ıËÎÂ Ë ·Ó¿ÌÂÈÍË ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Ì·ıËÙÒÓ ·fi ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ ∂Ï-
Ï¿‰·˜, ÚÔÓÔÌÈÔ‡¯Â˜ Î·È ˘Ô‚·ıÌÈṲ̂Ó˜.
∆Ô ¤ÚÁÔ ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ ‰È¢ÎfiÏ˘Ó·Ó Ë ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ (∂.∂.) Î·È Ë OÌ¿‰·
∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋˜ ÀÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢ (O.∂.À.) ÙÔ˘ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¶.π. ∆· ̤ÏË Ù˘ ∂.∂.
Ì·˙› Ì ÙÔÓ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi À‡ı˘ÓÔ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ˘Â‡ı˘ÓÔÈ ÁÈ· ÙÔ Û¯Â‰È·ÛÌfi, ÙËÓ
·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Ù˘ ˘ÏÔÔ›ËÛ˘, ÙÔ Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÌfi Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÂÓÒ Ù·
̤ÏË Ù˘ O.∂.À. Â›Ó·È ˘Â‡ı˘Ó· ÁÈ· ÙÔ Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ˘ÏÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ
ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË (·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡ Î·È ÂÓ‰ÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË) ÙˆÓ
Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¯fiÓÙˆÓ ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ.
ªÂÙ¿ ÙÔÓ ÚÒÙÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ (1997-98) Û˘ÓÙ¿¯ıËÎ·Ó ‰‡Ô ÂÎı¤ÛÂȘ
·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ‹˜ ÙÔ˘, Ì›· ·fi ÙÔÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi ˘Â‡ı˘ÓÔ Î·È Ì›· ·fi Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎfi ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁËÙ‹7. ™ÙȘ
‰‡Ô ·˘Ù¤˜ ÂÎı¤ÛÂȘ Û˘ÓÂÎÙÈÌ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ Ù˘ ∂.∂. Î·È Ù˘ O.∂.À. ̤۷
·fi Ù· ËÌÂÚÔÏfiÁÈ· (∏) Ô˘ ÙËÚÔ‡Û·Ó ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂͤÏÈÍË ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÔÈ ÂÎı¤ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ Û¯Ô-
ÏÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ (∂.™.ª.) ·fi fiϘ ÙȘ Ê¿ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡, ÔÈ Û˘ÓÂÓÙ‡ÍÂȘ (™) Ô˘ ¤‰ˆ-
Û·Ó ÛÙËÓ O.∂.À. ÔÈ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯ÔÓÙ˜ ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ›, Ù· ÙÚÈÌËÓÈ·›· ‰ÂÏÙ›· ·Ú·ÎÔ-
7
µÏ. ŒÎıÂÛË ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ À¢ı‡ÓÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¶ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎfi ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· «∂ÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Î·È
¶ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ŒÚÁÔ˘ ÛÙË ™¯ÔÏÈ΋ ªÔÓ¿‰·» ηٿ ÙÔ 1Ô ŒÙÔ˜ ÀÏÔÔ›ËÛ‹˜ ÙÔ˘, ∞ı‹Ó·, ¡Ô¤Ì‚ÚÈÔ˜
1998, ˘ÏÈÎfi ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ¤¯ÂÈ Î·Ù·ÙÂı› ÛÙË ª.À. ÙˆÓ ™.∂.¶.¶.∂., ηÈ
ŒÎıÂÛË ∂͈ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ (¶ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘ 1997-98) ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¶ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎfi ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· «∂ÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Î·È ¶ÚÔ-
ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ŒÚÁÔ˘ ÛÙË ™¯ÔÏÈ΋ ªÔÓ¿‰·», £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË 1998, ˘ÏÈÎfi ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ¤¯ÂÈ Î·Ù·ÙÂı› ÛÙË ª.À.
ÙˆÓ ™.∂.¶.¶.∂.
OÈ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛ·Ó ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ Û˘˙‹ÙËÛ˘ ÛÙȘ Û¯ÔÏÈΤ˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜... ∆Ô
ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ›¯Â ıÂÙÈ΋ ·Ô‰Ô¯‹ Î·È ÔÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜/ÙÚȘ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ıËηÓ... OÈ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯ÔÓÙ˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› ‰È·-
›ÛÙˆÛ·Ó ÙȘ ·ÂÚÈfiÚÈÛÙ˜ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ™‡ÏÏÔÁÔÈ ¢È‰·ÛÎfiÓÙˆÓ.
∏ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›· ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ıˆÚ› fiÙÈ ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ∂∞ & ¶∂∂ ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔÛ¤ÊÂÚ ÌÈ· ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁË Î·È ¯Ú‹-
ÛÈÌË ÂÌÂÈÚ›·, ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔ›ËÛ ÙÔ Û‡ÏÏÔÁÔ ‰È‰·ÛÎfiÓÙˆÓ, Û˘Ó¤‚·Ï ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Û¯¤ÛÂˆÓ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ηÈ
Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û fiÏ· Ù· ̤ÏË Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜, ‰ËÌÈÔ‡ÚÁËÛ ÁfiÓÈÌÔ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi, Ô‰‹ÁË-
Û Û ‚·ı‡ÙÂÚË Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙ¿ÛˆÓ, ÚÔÛ¤ÊÂÚ ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÁÈ· ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi
ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È Î·ıÔÚÈÛÌfi Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜. Ÿˆ˜ ·ÔÙ˘ÒÓÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ÂÎÙÂÓ‹ ·Ú·ı¤Ì·Ù·
Ô˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó, ÔÈ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ›... ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ ıÂÙÈÎfi ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· Ù˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈ-
΋ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Î·È ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ıÂÚÌ¿ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÏË„Ë ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ÚˆÙÔ‚Ô˘Ï›·˜:
“∆Ô ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ∂∞ Î·È Ë ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ÙÔ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÌÈ· Ôχ ηϋ ÂÌÂÈÚ›· Î·È Î¿ÙÈ ÂÓÙÂÏÒ˜ ÚˆÙfi-
ÁÓˆÚÔ ÛÙËÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ Î·È ÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ Ì·˜ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·.” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ∂™ª)
“…ÈÛÙ‡·Ì ÂÍ·Ú¯‹˜ fiÙÈ Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Ù˘ ¤ÚÂ˘Ó¿˜ Û·˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÌfiÓÔ˜ Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÛÒÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ ·˘ÙÔ-
Û‚·ÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡…ÙÔ ÂӉ¯fiÌÂÓÔ Ó· ·Ú·Ì›ÓÂÈ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ Â›Ú·Ì· ÌÈ· ·ÎfiÌË ‘¿ÛÎËÛË Â›
¯¿ÚÙÔ˘’ Ì·˜ Ù¿Ú·˙Â.» (°ÂÓÈÎfi §‡ÎÂÈÔ ÕÌÊÈÛÛ·˜, ∂™ª)
“™˘ÓËı›Û·Ì ӷ ‰Ô˘Ï‡ԢÌ ̤۷ Û ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚ˜ Î·È ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜, Î·È Ù· ‰‡Ô Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙ·.
¶ÚÔÛˆÈο ˆÊÂÏ‹ıËη ·fi ÙÔÓ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎÂ Î·È ·fi ÙȘ ··ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ
·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ οÔȘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÚ¢ÓËıÔ‡Ó ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ…°ÂÓÈο Ë ‰Ô˘ÏÂÈ¿ ‹Ù·Ó ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁË Î·È ÂÓ-
‰È·Ê¤ÚÔ˘Û·.” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ∂™ª)
“∞ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÚÔÙ·ı›۷ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÛÌÔ‡ Û ÔÌ¿‰Â˜, fiÏÔÈ ‰‹ÏˆÛ·Ó fiÙÈ ‹Ù·Ó Ë
ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿ Ô˘ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÙfiÛÔ Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈο ÁÈ· ı¤Ì·Ù· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ ÙÔ˘˜ ηÈ
fiÙÈ ¿ÓÙÏËÛ·Ó ¯·Ú¿ ·fi ·˘Ù‹ ÙË Û˘Ó‡ÚÂÛË.” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ƒ¤ÓÙË, ∏ Ù˘ O∂À)
“™¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙȘ ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ Ù˘ ‰È·ÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋˜ Ê¿Û˘ …fiÏÔÈ ‰‹ÏˆÛ·Ó fiÙÈ ÂÚÁ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó Ì¤Û· Û ÎÏ›-
Ì· Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Î·È ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜.” (9Ô §‡ÎÂÈÔ §¿ÚÈÛ·˜, ∏ Ù˘ O∂À)
“™¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Ù˘ ‰È·ÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋˜ Ê¿Û˘…fiÏÔÈ ‰‹ÏˆÛ·Ó ÙÔÓ ÂÓıÔ˘ÛÈ·ÛÌfi ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ÙË
Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ô˘ ·Ó¤Ù˘Í·Ó ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È fiÙÈ ÌfiÓÔ Â›Ó·È ‹‰Ë ¤Ó· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ Î¤Ú-
‰Ô˜…η̛· ÔÌ¿‰· ‰ÂÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜, ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, ¯¿ÚËÎ·Ó ÙË Û˘Ó‡ÚÂÛË
Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜ ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ÂÌϤ¯ÙËÎ·Ó Ôχ ıÂÙÈο ÛÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ·.” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ∞Á›·˜ ¶·Ú·-
Û΢‹˜, ∏ Ù˘ O∂À)
“OÈ Û˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔÈ ‰‹ÏˆÛ·Ó fiÙÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ıÂÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·ÈÛÙÒÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· fiˆ˜: ¢ڇÙÂÚË ÁÓˆÚÈ-
Ì›· Î·È Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘Ó·‰¤ÏÊÔ˘˜, ‚·ı‡ÙÂÚË Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙ¿ÛˆÓ,
¢·ÈÛıËÙÔÔ›ËÛË Û ڷÎÙÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ˘, ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔ›ËÛË ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜,
¢¯¿ÚÈÛÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÁÔÓ›˜ Î·È ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Û¯¤ÛˆÓ.” (9Ô §‡ÎÂÈÔ §¿ÚÈÛ·˜, ∏ Ù˘ O∂À)
“...Ï›ÁÔ Ôχ Û’ ¤Ó·Ó Â˘Û˘Ó›‰ËÙÔ Û˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔ, ‘·˘Ù¿’ [Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ÚÔ·ÙÔ˘Ó ·fi ÙË ‰È·-
‰Èηۛ·] ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÚ¿ÛÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ Ì˘·Ïfi ÙÔ˘. ŸÌˆ˜, Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ, ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Ì’ ¤Î·Ó ӷ Ù· Í·-
Ó·ÎÔ‡Ûˆ ‰˘Ó·Ù¿ Î·È Ó· Ù· ‰ˆ fi¯È ÌfiÓÔÓ ÛÙË ‚·ıÈ¿ ÛΤ„Ë Î·È ÙÔ ˘ÔÛ˘Ó›‰ËÙÔ, Ó· ʇÁÔ˘Ó ÔÈ È‰¤Â˜
·fi ÙÔ Ú¿ÊÈ Î·È ÙË ÌÔ‡¯Ï· Î·È Ó· ˘¿ÚÍÔ˘Ó.” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ∞Á›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜, ™)
“...̤۷ ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Ù˘ ∂∞ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈËı› ÔÈ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ‰È‰·ÛÎfiÓÙˆÓ.
¶ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿...ÌÔ˘ ÚԤ΢„ ӷ ·ÏÏ¿˙ˆ ·fi„ÂȘ ÌÂ Û˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔ Ô˘ ÛÙËÓ Ô˘Û›· ‰ÂÓ ÁÓˆÚÈ˙fiÌ·ÛÙÂ
Î·È ¤ÙÛÈ ÁÓˆÚÈÛًηÌÂ, ÚԤ΢„·Ó Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ Â›¯·Ó ÚÔ·„ÂÈ ¿ÏϘ ¯ÚÔÓȤ˜. ŸÛÔ ÙÔ
ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó¤˜, ı· ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÌÔÓ·‰ÈΤ˜ Û˘ÌÏÔΤ˜ ÂȉÈÎÔًوÓ. ™Â ¿ÏÏË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË, ‰ÂÓ
ı· ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÌÔ˘Ó Ì ÙÔ °˘ÌÓ·ÛÙ‹, ÙÔ ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎfi, ÙÒÚ· fiÏ· ·˘Ù¿ Ì·˜ ÚԤ΢„·Ó, ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ‰Ú·-
ÛÙËÚÈÔÔÈ‹ıËÎÂ.” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ∞Á›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜, ™)
“¶ÈÛÙ‡ˆ fiÙÈ ‹Ù·Ó ıÂÙÈ΋ ÂÌÂÈÚ›· ÁÈ· ÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜, ·Ú¯Èο ÂÂȉ‹ ˘Ô‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÌÔÚʤ˜ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·-
Û›·˜ ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ì·ÛÙ ÂıÈṲ̂ÓÔÈ ‹ ÁÈ· ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ -ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔ˘˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜- ‰ÂÓ Â›Ì·ÛÙ ‰È·ı¤-
ÛÈÌÔÈ. ∂ÈϤÔÓ Î·ÏÏȤÚÁËÛ ‰ÂÍÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ÌÔÚԇ̠ӷ ·ÍÈÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ì Û ¿ÏϘ ÁÓˆÛÙÈ-
Τ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜. ∞Ó¤Û˘Ú ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ· ı¤Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ÂӉ¯Ô̤ӈ˜ ‰ÂÓ ÚԂϤÔÓÙ·Ó –‹ ÂӉ¯Ô̤-
Óˆ˜ ‰ÂÓ ÚԂϤÔÓÙ·Ó ·fi fiÏÔ˘˜- fiˆ˜ .¯. ÙËÓ ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ· ÛÙȘ Û˘ÓÂȉ‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÙˆÓ
Û¯¤ÛÂˆÓ ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ Î·È ÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ÚfiÏÔ Ô˘ ·›ÚÓÂÈ ÙÔ ÎÙÈÚÈ·Îfi ÛÙȘ Û˘ÓÂÓÙ‡ÍÂȘ,
ÂÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÔÏfiÁÈ· –›Ûˆ˜ ÂÍ·ÈÙ›·˜ Ù˘ ÂÈÛfi‰Ô˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÊ˂›·….∆¤ÏÔ˜ ÈÛÙ‡ˆ fiÙÈ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ˜ ÂÓ·Û¯Ô-
Ï‹ÛÂȘ ‚ÔËıÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi Ó· ÂÈ‚ÈÒÓÂÈ Î·È Ó· ÚÔÛ·ÚÌfi˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‰È·ÚÎÒ˜ Î·È ÈÔ ··ÈÙË-
ÙÈ΋ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ –Î·È fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ- Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·.” (11Ô §‡ÎÂÈÔ ¶ÂÚÈÛÙÂÚ›Ô˘, ∂™ª)
“∂ÓÒ ‹ÌÔ˘Ó ·ÚÓËÙÈ΋ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ –ÏfiÁˆ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘, ÙÂÏÈο ‰Â ÌÂÙ¿ÓȈ۷ Ô˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯·. ∏ ›ÂÛË ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘
·fi ÙË ÌÈ· ÌÂÚÈ¿ Î·È Ë ·ÓÙÂÏ‹˜ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘ ÁÈ· ̤ӷ ÏÂÈÙÔ‡ÚÁËÛ·Ó Ôχ ·ÛÊ˘ÎÙÈο οÔȘ ÊÔ-
Ú¤˜. ∞fi ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË fï˜ ÌÈ· Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ÂÌÂÈÚ›· Ì ¤ÊÂÚ ÌÚÔÛÙ¿ Û ڿÁÌ·Ù· ÚˆÙfiÁÓˆÚ· ÁÈ· ̤ӷ
Î·È fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ…∂ÎÙÈÌÒ fiÙÈ Ô Û‡ÏÏÔÁfi˜ Ì·˜ ‚Á‹Î ÎÂÚ‰ÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ ·fi ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ÁÈ·Ù› ¤ÁÈÓ ÈÔ
ÏÔ‡ÛÈÔ˜ Û ÂÌÂÈڛ˜…ı· ‹ıÂÏ· Ó· Û˘Ó¯›Ûˆ ÙËÓ ÂÎÙ¤ÏÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·Ú¿ ÙË ÌË ÈηÓÔÔÈ-
ËÙÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Î·È ÚÔı˘Ì›·˜ Ô˘ ¤‰ÂÈÍÂ Ô Û‡ÏÏÔÁÔ˜.” (11Ô §‡ÎÂÈÔ ¶ÂÚÈÛÙÂÚ›Ô˘, ∂™ª)
“[O ™‡ÏÏÔÁÔ˜]... ÂÚÁ¿ÛÙËΠ̠ΤÊÈ Î·È ÚÔı˘Ì›·, Ì ÂÊË‚ÈÎfi ÂÓıÔ˘ÛÈ·ÛÌfi. ∞Ó˘ÔÏfiÁÈÛÙ˜ ÂÚÁ·-
ÙÔÒÚ˜ ‰fiıËηÓ, ÔÈ Û˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔÈ ‰Ô‡Ï„·Ó ÛÙÔ ÚÔ·‡ÏÈÔ ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ Î·È Ì ¯ÈÔÓfiÓÂÚÔ…” (2Ô °˘-
ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ƒ¤ÓÙË, ™)
“∆Ô ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Ù˘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘
‹Ù·Ó ÁÈ· ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô Ì·˜, ÌÈ· Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÌÔÓ¿‰· Ì ÔÏϤ˜ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜, Ë Â˘Î·ÈÚ›·, Ë ·Ê‡ÓÈÛË, ÙÔ
ÂÚ¤ıÈÛÌ· Ó· ÍÂʇÁÂÈ ·fi ÙÔÓ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi ÙÚfiÔ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜. ◊Ù·Ó ÌÈ· ¢ηÈÚ›· Ó· ÂÓÙ¿ÍÂÈ ÛÙËÓ
·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ÁÔÓ›˜, Ì·ıËÙ¤˜, ηıËÁËÙ¤˜ Î·È Ó· ÙÔ˘˜ ʤÚÂÈ ÈÔ ÎÔÓÙ¿, Û ÌÈ· ÎÔÈÓ‹ ÚÔ-
Û¿ıÂÈ· ·Ó·Ó¤ˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘ Ù˘ ÁÓÒÛ˘, ÙˆÓ Û¯¤ÛÂˆÓ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜….∏ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ Ì·˜
ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ‹Ù·Ó ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÂÌÂÈÚ›·. ¶ÈÛÙ‡ԢÌ fiÙÈ Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ ÂfiÌÂÓÔ Û¯ÔÏÈÎfi ¤ÙÔ˜ ı· Û˘Ó¯›-
ÛÔ˘Ì ÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ·˘Ù‹ Ì ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ÂÊfi‰È·. ∏ ‘πı¿ÎË’ Ì·˜ ¤‰ˆÛ ¤Ó· ˆÚ·›Ô Ù·Í›‰È.” (2Ô
°˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ∞Á›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜, ∂™ª)
“ŸÏÔÈ ÔÈ Î·ıËÁËÙ¤˜ Ô˘ ÌÂÙ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·, ¤¯Ô˘Ó Âȉ›ÍÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÁÈ· Ù· Û¯fi-
ÏÈ· ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘˜, ¤ÛÙˆ Î·È ·Ó ÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ Û¯fiÏÈ· Â›Ó·È ·ÚÓËÙÈ-
ο…∏ ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·Ù›ÛÂÈ ıÂÙÈο ÙÔ˘˜ ηıËÁËÙ¤˜. ∫·È Ë ·ÚÓËÙÈ΋ ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÙˆÓ
Ì·ıËÙÒÓ, fiÛÔ Î·È ·Ó ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÂÚÈÔÚÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ ÂÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÔÏfiÁÈÔ, Û˘ÓÙÂÏ›
ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·ıÂÒÚËÛË ÂÛÊ·ÏÌ¤ÓˆÓ ›Ûˆ˜ ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Î·È Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ‰È‰·ÎÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÛˆÈ-
ÎÔ‡ ÚÔ˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜, ÛÙËÓ ¿ÛÎËÛË ÁfiÓÈÌ˘ ·˘ÙÔÎÚÈÙÈ΋˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘.
ŸÛÔ ÎÈ ·Ó Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ÎÔÈÓfi˜ ÙfiÔ˜, Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÛËÌÂȈı› fiÙÈ ÔÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ ‰È„Ô‡Ó ÁÈ· ‰ÈηÈÔÛ‡ÓË, ·ÍÈÔ-
ÎÚ·Ù›·, ¢·ÈÛıËÛ›·, ηٷÓfiËÛË, ηÏÔÛ‡ÓË, ·ÓÂÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÂΠ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ Î·ıËÁËÙÒÓ, fiˆ˜ Ê·ÓÂÚÒ-
ÓÔ˘Ó Î·È ÔÈ ··ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ ÂÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÔÏfiÁÈÔ.” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ∂™ª)
“∞fi ÙȘ ··ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ ÚԤ΢„·Ó ¯Ú‹ÛÈÌ· Û˘ÌÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù·, Ô˘ ı· Ì·˜ ‚ÔËı‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ
ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi Ì·˜ ¤ÚÁÔ, ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜ Ì·˜, ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ÙÔÓ Â·˘Ùfi Ì·˜, fiÛÔÓ
·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙȘ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ Ì·˜ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ì·˜, ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ Û¯¤ÛÂÒÓ Ì·˜ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜ Î·È ÁÂÓÈ-
ο ÛÙËÓ ·Ó‡„ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰È‰·ÎÙÈÎÔ‡ Ì·˜ ¤ÚÁÔ˘.” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ∂™ª)
“∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÚÔÛˆÈ΋ ÌÔ˘ ¿Ô„Ë Ë fiÏË ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ (̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô Ô˘ ¤ÊÙ·ÛÂ)
‹Ù·Ó Ôχ ÁfiÓÈÌË Î·È ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û·. ŸÏÔÈ Û¯Â‰fiÓ ÔÈ Î·ıËÁËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ Ì·˜ ·Ú¯›Û·Ì ¤Ó·Ó
¯Ú‹ÛÈÌÔ ‰È¿ÏÔÁÔ Î·È ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi … π‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙÈÛ·Ó ÙÔÓ Î·ı¤Ó· Ì·˜ ÔÈ ÁÓÒ̘ Î·È ÔÈ
·fi„ÂȘ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ fiˆ˜ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó Ì¤Û· ·fi ÙȘ ··ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜. ∞·ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÂÈÏÈÎÚÈ-
Ó›˜, ÏÈÙ¤˜ Î·È Û˘¯Ó¿ η˘ÛÙÈΤ˜. °ÓÒ̘ Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Û·Ó Ù· Ì·ı‹Ì·Ù·, ÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ˙ˆ‹ ÁÂÓÈο, ·ÏÏ¿
Î·È ÙÔÓ Î·ı¤Ó· ·fi Ì·˜.” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ∂™ª)
“∏ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ù˘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Ô˘ ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙ÂÙ·È ÁÈ· ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô Ì·˜ ÓÔ-
Ì›˙ˆ fiÙÈ ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙ› ÌÈ· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·ÏÏ·Á‹ ÚÔ˜ ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜.
ªÈ· ·ÏÏ·Á‹ Ô˘ ˆı› ÙÔÓ Î·ıËÁËÙ‹ ÚÔ˜ ÂÓÙÔÓfiÙÂÚÔ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘, ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÊÔ-
Ú¿ ÙÔ˘, ÙÔ ÚfiÏÔ ÙÔ˘ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÓ Á¤ÓÂÈ ·ÔÛÙÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ ˆ˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡. ªÈ· ‰È·‰Èηۛ·
Ô˘ ÙÔÓ ‚ÔËı¿ÂÈ Ó· ‚ÁÂÈ ·fi ÙÔÓ ·ÔÌÔÓˆÙÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘, ·fi ¤Ó· ·گȷÎfi ÂÚȯ·Ú¿ÎˆÌ· ÛÙÔÓ Â·˘-
Ùfi ÙÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔÓ ˆı› Û ÌÈ· Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈ΋ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·ÙÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· Î·È ¤ÁÓÔÈ· ÁÈ· Ù· ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈο
Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù·. … ∏ ÌfiÓË ¤ÓÛÙ·ÛË Ô˘ ÚÔ‚¿Ïψ ÂÁÒ Û’ ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ Î·ÈÓÔÙÔÌ›·, Û’ ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ ·ÏÏ·Á‹ ›ӷÈ
Ì‹ˆ˜ ÂÎÊ˘ÏÈÛÙ› ÛÙËÓ ÔÚ›· Û ÌÈ· ›ʷÛË ·ÏÏ·Á‹˜ Î·È ‰Â ÁÂÓÈ΢ٛ ·ÓÂÏÏ·‰Èο ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ˙ˆ-
ÔÁfiÓÔ Î·È ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·. ∂ÈÏÈÎÚÈÓ¿ ‰ÂÓ ÙÔ ÎÚ‡‚ˆ fiÙÈ ÛÙË ‰È΋ ÌÔ˘ Û˘Ó›‰ËÛË ÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È
ÙÔ ËıÈÎfi ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ·˜ ·fi ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ·Ê’ ÂÓfi˜ ÔÈ Î·ı’ fiÏ· ·Á·ËÙÔ› Î·È ·ÍÈfi-
ÏÔÁÔÈ Û˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ·ÔÛ·Ṳ̂ÓÔÈ Û’ ·˘Ùfi –Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÂΛ, ·‡ÚÈÔ
›Ûˆ˜ fi¯È- ·Ê’ ÂÙ¤ÚÔ˘ ‰Â Ù· ÎÔÓ‰‡ÏÈ· ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi Â˘Úˆ·˚Τ˜ ÂȯÔÚËÁ‹ÛÂȘ. ∞˘Ùfi ηı’ ·˘Ùfi
‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ·ÚÓËÙÈÎfi, ·ÏÏ¿ ı· ‹ÌÔ˘Ó ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ·ÈÛÈfi‰ÔÍÔ˜ Î·È ÂÚȯ·Ú‹˜ ·Ó ÔÈ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙ‹ÛÂȘ
ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·Ó ·fi ÎÚ·ÙÈο ÎÔÓ‰‡ÏÈ·, οÙÈ Ô˘ ı· ‰‹ÏˆÓ –ηٿ ÙËÓ Ù·ÂÈÓ‹ ÌÔ˘ ÁÓÒÌË- ÙÔ ·‰È¿-
ÙˆÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙ›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Âη›‰Â˘ÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ·È‰Â›· ÁÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚ·.” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ
¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ∂™ª)
“∏ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ Ì·˜ ÛÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ·˘Ùfi ÛÙ¿‰ÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·¤‚Ë ıÂÙÈ΋ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ Î·ı¤Ó· Ì·˜ ¯ˆ-
ÚÈÛÙ¿ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ. §ÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ‹Û·ÌÂ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈο Û ÔÏÔ̤ÏÂÈ· ‹ ηٿ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜. OÈ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ
Ì·˜ Í¤Ê˘Á·Ó ·fi ÙȘ ηıÈÂڈ̤Ó˜ ‘·È‰·ÁˆÁÈΤ˜ Û˘Ó‰ÚÈ¿ÛÂȘ’. O ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ Î·È Ë ÂχıÂ-
ÚË ¤ÎÊÚ·ÛË ‹Ù·Ó Ù· ·ÚÈ· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÙÔ˘˜. ™Â οÔȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ˘‹ÚÍ·Ó ÂÓ‰ÔÈ·ÛÌÔ› ηÈ
ÂÈÊ˘Ï¿ÍÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ·Ó ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ı›ÍÔ˘Ì ٷ ‘ηÎÒ˜ ΛÌÂÓ·’. ¢È·Ù˘ÒıËÎ·Ó ·ÓÙÈÚÚ‹ÛÂȘ ¿Óˆ
Û ÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ ı¤Ì·Ù· ·ÏÏ¿ ·Ôʇ¯ıËÎ·Ó ·ÎÚ·›Â˜ ı¤ÛÂȘ-Ù¿ÛÂȘ. OÈ ‹È˜ ‰È·ÊˆÓ›Â˜ ÙÂÏÈο Ô‰‹ÁË-
Û·Ó Û ۇÁÎÏÈÛË ·fi„ˆÓ. ∆Ô Îϛ̷ fiˆ˜ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒıËΠ·fi ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË ÎÈfiÏ·˜ Û˘Ó‰ڛ·ÛË ‹Ù·Ó
ıÂÙÈÎfi Î·È Â˘Ô›ˆÓÔ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÂȉȈÎfiÌÂÓÔ ÛÙfi¯Ô. ¶ÚÔÛˆÈο Ì ÈηÓÔÔ›ËÛ ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ ˆ˜ fiÏÔÈ
Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔÈ‹Û·Ì fiÙÈ ‰Â Ì·˜ ÂÓÒÓÔ˘Ó ÌfiÓÔ Ù· Û˘Ó‰ÈηÏÈÛÙÈο ·ÈÙ‹Ì·Ù·. ŸÏÔÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÙȘ ›‰È˜
·ÓËÛ˘¯›Â˜, ·ÁˆÓ›Â˜ Î·È ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ Ì·˜, fiÏÔÈ ÂӉȷÊÂÚfiÌ·ÛÙ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Î·-
Ï‹ Ì·ÚÙ˘Ú›· ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÚfiÛˆfi Ì·˜, ÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ì·˜ ̤۷ ÛÙËÓ ÎÏÂÈÛÙ‹ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· Ù˘ fi-
Ï˘ Ì·˜…∆Ô ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ·, ›Û˘, Ô˘ ÚԤ΢„ ÙÔ ıˆÚÒ ıÂÙÈÎfi Î·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜
ηıËÁËÙ¤˜. OÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó ÚÔı˘Ì›· Ó· Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¿Û¯Ô˘Ó Î·È Ê¿ÓËÎ·Ó Ó· ·Ô˙ËÙÔ‡Ó Î¿ÙÈ Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ
fi¯È ÁÈ· Ó· Ù· ‘„¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó’ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ηıËÁËÙ¤˜ ·ÏÏ¿ Ó· ÂÎÊÚ¿ÛÔ˘Ó ·˘Ùfi Ô˘ ı¤ÏÔ˘Ó Î·È ·Ô˙ËÙÔ‡Ó Î·È
‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙÔ ı¿ÚÚÔ˜ Ó· ÙÔ Ô˘Ó Â˘ı¤ˆ˜. ªÂ ÂͤÏËÍÂ Ë Â˘·ÈÛıËÛ›· ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Â¿Óˆ ÛÙ· ı¤Ì·-
Ù· Ô˘ ÎÏ‹ıËÎ·Ó Ó· ··ÓÙ‹ÛÔ˘Ó, ÔÈ ‘‡ÛÙԯ˜’ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ, ÙÔ ·›ÛıËÌ· ÙÔ˘ ‰Èη›Ô˘ Ô˘ Ù· ‰È·-
ÎÚ›ÓÂÈ… ∂Ì›˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ Ì·˜ ‹Ú·Ì ·ÊÔÚÌ‹ Ó· οÓÔ˘Ì ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔÎÚÈÙÈ΋ Ì·˜. ∏ ÂÓ‰ÔÛÎfi-
ËÛË ÛÙÚ¿ÊËΠÁ‡Úˆ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ Ô˘ ı¤Û·ÌÂ Î·È ÙȘ ··ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ Ô˘ Ï¿‚·ÌÂ….Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙÔ
·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ù˘ ÊÂÙÈÓ‹˜ ‰Ô˘ÏÂÈ¿˜, Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó·
ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·‚¿ıÌÈÛË Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ ÛÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÌÔÓ¿‰·. ∫·Ïfi
ı· ‹Ù·Ó Ó· ‰È¢ڢÓı› Î·È Ó· Û˘Ó¯ÈÛÙ›…” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ∂™ª)
¢˘ÛÎÔÏ›· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠηٿ ÎÔÈÓ‹ ÔÌÔÏÔÁ›· ·fi ÙËÓ ›ÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔÓ fiÁÎÔ Ù˘ ÂÚ-
Á·Û›·˜. ™ÙËÓ ¤ÎıÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ À¢ı‡ÓÔ˘ ‰È·‚¿˙Ô˘Ì ۯÂÙÈο:
“…ÁÈ· ÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÂÈÛ‹Ì·ÓÛË ˆ˜ ·fi ¿Ô„Ë ¯ÚÔÓÈÎÒÓ ÂÚÈıˆÚ›ˆÓ
ÏÂÈÙÔ‡ÚÁËÛ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¯ÚÔÓÈÎfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· Ô˘ ·Û¯ÔÏËı‹Î·Ì ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÈÂÛÙÈο ›Ûˆ˜ Î·È ·ÛÊ˘-
ÎÙÈο.” (11Ô §‡ÎÂÈÔ ¶ÂÚÈÛÙÂÚ›Ô˘, ∂™ª)
ŒÙÛÈ, ·ÚÎÂÙÔ› ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› ·Ú·ÔÓÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙË Û˘Ì›ÂÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ Ô˘ fiÊÂÈÏ·Ó Ó· ‰ÈÂÎÂÚ·ÈÒÛÔ˘Ó
ÛÙÔ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô 4ÌËÓÔ- “…Ë ›ÂÛË ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ·, ‰ÂÓ ˘‹ÚÍ ÈÛÔηٷÓÔÌ‹ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ
∞Á›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜, ™), ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ Ô˘ ›¯Â ˆ˜ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· Ó·
°ÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚ·, ÂÈÛËÌ·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ˜ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û ¯ÚfiÓÔ Î·È ÂÚÁ·Û›·, ÂÎÙÈÌÒÓÙ·˜, ·fi
ÙËÓ ÂÌÂÈÚ›· Ô˘ ·ÔÎfiÌÈÛ·Ó Î·Ù¿ ÙÔÓ 1Ô ¯ÚfiÓÔ Ù˘ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ ÙÔ˘, fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· ‰ÈÂÚ¢ÓËıÔ‡Ó ÛÂ
‚¿ıÔ˜ fiÏÔÈ ÔÈ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ Ô˘ ÚÔÙ›ÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ O∂À Î·È Ì ÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ô˘ ÚÔÙ›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô ÙˆÓ
3 ÂÙÒÓ. Ÿˆ˜ ˘ÔÁÚ·ÌÌ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ 2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ƒ¤ÓÙË:
“…¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ôχ˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ οı ‰Â›ÎÙË-Â›Ó·È ·‰‡Ó·ÙÔÓ Ó· ÙÔ˘˜ ‚Á¿ÏÔ˘Ì ÛÙ·
ÂfiÌÂÓ· ‰‡Ô ¯ÚfiÓÈ·.” (™)
∏ ·Û¿ÊÂÈ· Ë ÔÔ›· Û οÔÈÔ ‚·ıÌfi ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹ÚÈ˙ ÙËÓ ÂͤÏÈÍË ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÏfiÁˆ ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈ-
ÎÔ‡ /ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· ÙÔ˘, Ê¿ÓËΠӷ ÌË Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ‹ ·fi fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜. ∆· ‰Â‰Ô-
̤ӷ ˘Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ÚÔÛ‰ÔΛ· ÔÚÈÛÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ÁÈ· Û·Ê‹ÓÂÈ· ÛÙËÓ ÂͤÏÈÍË Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Î·È Û·-
Ê›˜ Ô‰ËÁ›Â˜ ÛÙËÓ ˘ÏÔÔ›ËÛË. ™˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ, 4 ·fi ÙȘ 6 ™ª (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ƒ¤ÓÙË, 2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ∞Á›·˜ ¶·Ú·-
Û΢‹˜, 11Ô §‡ÎÂÈÔ ¶ÂÚÈÛÙÂÚ›Ô˘, 9Ô §‡ÎÂÈÔ §¿ÚÈÛ·˜) ·Ú·ÔÓÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ·Û¿ÊÂÈ· ÛÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Î·È ÙËÓ Ô-
Ú›· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÂÎÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÙȘ fiÔȘ ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈ‹ÛÂȘ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯È΋ ÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ˆ˜ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë
ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ˙ËÙÔ‡Ó Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË Î·È ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ÙË Ó¤· Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ¯ÚÔÓÈ¿:
“À‹Ú¯Â ·Û¿ÊÂÈ· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÎÔÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜…Ô ·Ú¯ÈÎfi˜ ۯ‰ȷÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘
ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È Ô ÙÚfiÔ˜ ·ÏÏ·Á‹˜ ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ·, ‰ÂÓ Â›¯·Ó Û¯¤ÛË…Ë ÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ-
ÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ‹Ù·Ó ¤Íˆ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú¯ÈÎÔ‡˜ fiÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ Û˘Ìʈӛ·˜ Ì ÙÔ ¶π…‰ÂÓ Â›¯Â ÔÚÁ·Óˆı› ηϿ
ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·.” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ƒ¤ÓÙË, ™)
“∏ ÌÂϤÙË ÙÔ˘ ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡ Ì ÙȘ ıÂÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó ·fi fiÏÔ˘˜…fï˜ Û’ ·˘Ù‹
ÙË Ê¿ÛË ˘‹Ú¯Â ÁÈ· Ì·˜ οÙÈ ÙÔ ·ÚÔÛ‰ÈfiÚÈÛÙÔ.” (9Ô §‡ÎÂÈÔ §¿ÚÈÛ·˜, ∂™ª)
“…‰ÒÛÙ ̷˜ ¤Ó· ¯ÚÔÓԉȿÁÚ·ÌÌ· ·fi ÙÔ ™Â٤̂ÚË ÁÈ· fiÏË ÙËÓ ÂfiÌÂÓË ¯ÚÔÓÈ¿… ·ÚΛ Ó· ÙÔ Í¤-
ÚÔ˘ÌÂ, fi¯È Ó· Í·ÊÓÈ·˙fiÌ·ÛÙÂ.” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ∞Á›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜, ™)
ÕÏÏË Ì›· ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›· Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛÙËΠۯÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ·fi ÙËÓ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙˆÓ ÂηÈ-
‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÌÂÈÚ›·˜ Î·È ÁÓÒÛÂˆÓ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ‰ÈÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜. ™ÙËÓ ›‰È· ¤ÎıÂÛË ˘Ô-
ÁÚ·ÌÌ›˙ÂÙ·È Û¯ÂÙÈο:
Ÿˆ˜ ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›· Ê¿ÓËΠӷ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ-
ÎÔ› ηٿ ÙË ‰ÈÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈ΋ Ê¿ÛË -ÛÙÔ Û¯Â‰È·ÛÌfi Ù˘ ‰ÈÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈ΋˜ ÔÚ›·˜, ÙË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÂÚÁ·Ï›ˆÓ, ÙËÓ ·Ó¿-
Ï˘ÛË Î·È ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ. ∏ ·ÂÈÚ›· ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ Û ‰ÈÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈΤ˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È Ë ¤Ï-
ÏÂÈ„Ë ÙˆÓ ··Ú·›ÙËÙˆÓ ‰ÂÍÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÚÔοÏÂÛ·Ó Î¿ÔȘ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ Û˘Ó·ÈÛı‹Ì·-
Ù· ·ÁˆÓ›·˜ Î·È Êfi‚Ô˘, ·ÔÁÔ‹Ù¢Û˘ Î·È ·Ôı¿ÚÚ˘ÓÛ˘, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÌÈ· ‰È¿ıÂÛË ·fi‰ÔÛ˘ ¢ı˘ÓÒÓ Û ÙÚ›ÙÔ˘˜:
“∏ ÚÔÛˆÈ΋ ÌÔ˘ ‰È·›ÛÙˆÛË ‹Ù·Ó fiÙÈ ÙÔ ¿ÁÓˆÛÙÔ ...ÚÔηÏ› Êfi‚Ô ÁÈ· ÂӉ¯fiÌÂÓÔ Ï¿ıÔ˜, ÁÈ·
·ÔÙ˘¯›· Î·È ÙËÓ Â·ÎfiÏÔ˘ıË ·fiÚÚÈ„Ë...” (9Ô §‡ÎÂÈÔ §¿ÚÈÛ·˜, ™)
“∂›¯·Ì ÙËÓ ÂÓÙ‡ˆÛË fiÙÈ ı· οӷÌ ÌÈ· ‰Ô˘ÏÂÈ¿ Î·È fiÙÈ ¯ÚÂÈ·˙fiÌ·ÛÙ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË Î·È Î·ıÔ‰‹ÁË-
ÛË ÁÈ· Ó· ÚÔ¯ˆÚ‹ÛÔ˘ÌÂ.” ( ™¶¢.)
“¢È·ÈÛÙÒÓÔ˘ÌÂ, Ù¤ÏÔ˜, ÌÂ Ï‡Ë fiÙÈ ‰˘ÛÙ˘¯Ò˜ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÛÙË ‰È¿ıÂÛ‹ Ì·˜ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔ-
ڛ˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ÂÚÌËÓ‡ÛÔ˘Ì ٷ ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· ηٷϋͷÌÂ. ∞˘Ù‹ Ë Ô‰˘ÓËÚ‹ ÂÌÂÈÚ›· ÙÔ˘
Ù¤ÏÔ˘˜ Ì·˜ ‰›‰·Í ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ı· ¤Ú ӷ ‰Ô˘Ï¤„Ô˘ÌÂ Î·È ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ÚÔÊ·ÓÒ˜ ‰Â
ÁÓˆÚ›˙·ÌÂ…” (9Ô §‡ÎÂÈÔ §¿ÚÈÛ·˜, ∂™ª)
∞Ó¿ÏÔÁ˜ Â›Ó·È Î·È ÔÈ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁËÙ‹ ÛÙËÓ ¤ÎıÂÛ‹ ÙÔ˘:
OÈ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› Ô˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂıÈÛÙ› Û ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›Â˜ ÔÌ¿‰·˜ Ô˘ ‰ÈÂÍ¿ÁÂÈ ¤Ó·
ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Ì ÚԉȷÁڷʤ˜, ۯ‰ȷÛÌfi, ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ‰ÂÛ̇ÛÂȘ Î.Ù.Ï... ∞fi Ù· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·-
Ù· Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ·Ó ÔÈ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› Û fiÏ· Ù· Û¯ÔÏ›· ‹Ù·Ó Ë Û‡ÓÙ·ÍË ÂÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁ›ˆÓ... OÈ ÂÎı¤ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ
Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ ‰ÂÓ ‹Ù·Ó fiϘ Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÔÔÈË̤Ó˜... ¢È·ÈÛÙÒıËÎÂ, ·fi ÙȘ Û¯ÔÏÈΤ˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜ Ô˘ Û˘ÌÌÂ-
Ù›¯·Ó ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·, fiÙÈ ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È ÂȉÈ΋ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË Î·È ·ÚÔ¯‹ ÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Ô˘ Û˘Ì-
ÌÂÙ›¯·Ó ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·.
∆¤ÏÔ˜, fiˆ˜ ˘ÔÁÚ·ÌÌ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ¤ÎıÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ À¢ı‡ÓÔ˘, ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Ê·›-
ÓÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ›¯Â Ó· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛÂÈ ÔÏϤ˜ ÂÈÊ˘Ï¿ÍÂȘ, ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È ‰˘ÛÈÛÙ›· ·fi ÙËÓ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙˆÓ
ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ. OÈ ›‰ÈÔÈ ÔÈ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› ·Ó¤ÊÂÚ·Ó Û¯ÂÙÈο:
“µ¤‚·È·, ˘‹Ú¯·Ó Î·È ÂÈÊ˘Ï¿ÍÂȘ –fi¯È ÂÓıÔ˘ÛÈ·ÛÌfi˜- Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ fiÛ˜ ÒÚ˜ ı· ‰È¤ıÂÙ·Ó…”
(2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ƒ¤ÓÙË, ™)
“…›¯· fï˜ οÔȘ ÂÈÊ˘Ï¿ÍÂȘ, ÁÈ·Ù› ‰ÂÓ ‹ÍÂÚ· ÙÈ ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ¤Ú ӷ οӈ Î·È ·Ó ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡-
Û· Ó· ‰È·ı¤Ûˆ ÙÔÓ ··ÈÙÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÁÈ· ÌÈ· Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ·…‹ÌÔ˘Ó ÏÔÈfiÓ ÂÈÊ˘Ï·ÎÙÈ΋
‰ÈfiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ‹ÍÂÚ· ·Ó ÙÔ ˙ËÙÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ ı· ‹Ù·Ó ̤۷ ÛÙȘ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ¤˜ ÌÔ˘… fiÙ·Ó ‹Úı·Ó ÔÈ ÂÎÚfiÛˆÔÈ
ÙÔ˘ ¶π Î·È Ì·˜ ÂÓËÌ¤ÚˆÛ·Ó Ù· Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù· ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó Û·Ê‹.” (2Ô °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ∂™ª)
∏ ÂÈÊ˘Ï·ÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÂÎÊÚ¿˙ÂÙ·È Î·È Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ù˘
∂∞. ∏ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›· ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ‰È·Ù˘ÒÓÂÈ ·Ôڛ˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙÔ ÔÈÔ˜ ı· ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ È‰ÈÔÎÙËÛ›· Ù˘ ÏË-
ÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ Ô˘ ı· ·Ú·¯ı› ·fi ÙËÓ ∂∞, ÔÈÔÈ ı· Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ·Ô‰¤ÎÙ˜ Ù˘ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ Î·È ÙÔ Ò˜ ı· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔ-
ÔÈËı› ·˘Ù‹ Ë ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›· ·fi Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙȘ ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ Ù˘
ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜ Ô˘ ı· ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÙÂÏÈ΋ ¤ÎıÂÛË Ù˘ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ (∏ Ù˘ O∂À). OÈ ÂÈÊ˘Ï¿ÍÂȘ ·˘Ù‹˜
Ù˘ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ Ê·›ÓÔÓÙ·È Ó· Û˘Ó‰¤ÔÓÙ·È Î·È Ì ÙË ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›· ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ Ó· ηٷÓÔ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙË ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊ›· ηÈ
ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∂∞, ·ÊÔ‡, fiˆ˜ ÂÈÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ Ë O∂À, ÌfiÏȘ ÙÔÓ ∞Ú›ÏÈÔ ÔÈ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯ÔÓÙ˜ ÂÎ-
·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› Ê¿ÓËÎ·Ó Ó· ηٷÓÔÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ Ô˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ (ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊ›·, ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜, ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜) (∏ Ù˘
O∂À). ª¤Û· ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÙˆÓ ÁÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚˆÓ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ˘ıÌ›ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ À∂¶£, Ë ¤ÎÊÚ·ÛË ÂÈÊ˘Ï·ÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ·fi
ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ –ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ Î·È ‰˘ÛÈÛÙ›·˜- ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙË ÛÎÔÈÌfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘
ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÂÓÙÔÓfiÙÂÚË Î·È ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˘ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ·˜. ™ÙȘ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ™ª ÂΉËÏÒÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹,
ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ·ÔÛÙÔÏ‹ ÚÔ˜ Ù· Û¯ÔÏ›· Ù˘ Û¯ÂÙÈ΋˜ ÂÁ΢ÎÏ›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ À∂¶£ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ-
·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ Î·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË…Î·È ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ ·Ì›ˆÙË, fiˆ˜ ‰È·Ê¿ÓËΠÛÙË ‰ÈË-
ÌÂÚ›‰·, ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ 1Ô˘ ¤ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜. OÈ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› ÂÎÊÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔÓ ÛÎÂÙÈÎÈ-
ÛÌfi ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Ù‡¯Ë ÙˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ – ηٿ fiÛÔÓ Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ı· ·ÍÈÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó
‹ ı· ·ÁÓÔËıÔ‡Ó ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙ›·- ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ÙÂÏÈο ı· ·ÍÈÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤ-
ÛÌ·Ù· ·˘Ù¿ -ηٿ fiÛÔÓ ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· “… ı· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËı› ÁÈ· ÙË ¯ÂÈÚ·ÁÒÁËÛ‹
ÙÔ˘˜”. OÈ ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ Â›Ó·È ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆÂ˘ÙÈΤ˜:
“∏ ¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ Û˘Á΢ڛ· Ì ٷ ÙÂÎÙ·ÈÓfiÌÂÓ· ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ Ù˘ ·È‰Â›·˜ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛ ÙÔÓ ·Ú¯ÈÎfi ÂÓıÔ˘ÛÈ·ÛÌfi
fiÙÈ ›Ûˆ˜ Ì ÙË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÛÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯Ô˘ÌÂ Î·È ÛÙË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË Î¿ÔÈˆÓ Ì¤ÙÚˆÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁË-
Û˘.” (11Ô §‡ÎÂÈÔ ¶ÂÚÈÛÙÂÚ›Ô˘, ∂™ª)
“…ÍÂΛÓËÛ·Ó Ì Ôχ ΤÊÈ ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·, ·ÚfiÏÔ fiÙÈ ÛΤÊÙËÎ·Ó Ì‹ˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ·Á›‰·…” (2Ô °˘-
ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ ∞Á›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜, ™)
∂ÎÊÚ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯ÔÓÙ˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÛÔ‚·Ú¤˜ ÂÈÊ˘Ï¿ÍÂȘ Î·È ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ Î·È ‰˘ÛÈ-
ÛÙ›· Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙË ÛÎÔÈÌfiÙËÙ· Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏÔÙ ÂÈÊ˘Ï¿ÍÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙË
¯Ú‹ÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ. ∞˘Ù¤˜ ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ıËÎ·Ó Ì ÙËÓ ¤Î‰ÔÛË ·fi ÙÔ À.∂.¶.£. Ù˘ ÂÁ΢ÎÏ›Ô˘ °2\4791\7-9-
1998 Ì ı¤Ì· “¢È·‰Èηۛ˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘”. ∂›Û˘ ‰È·Ù˘ÒıËÎÂ Ë ¿Ô„Ë fiÙÈ Ë ∂ÛˆÙÂÚÈ-
΋ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Ù˘ ™¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ªÔÓ¿‰·˜ ÌÔÚ› ›Ù ӷ ·Ú·ÌÂÚÈÛı› ÏfiÁˆ ÙˆÓ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ Ù˘ ·ÙÔÌÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔ-
ÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ Â›Ù ӷ ˘ÔÙ·¯ı› Û ·˘Ù‹Ó. ∂›Û˘ ÂÎÊÚ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÂÈÊ˘Ï¿ÍÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ “ηٷÁˆÁ‹”
Î·È ÙË ÛÎÔÈÌfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜: ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË ·fi ÙËÓ ∂.∂., ·ÔÚÚfiÊËÛË ÎÔÓ‰˘Ï›ˆÓ.
∂›ÏÔÁÔ˜
∆Ë Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ¯ÚÔÓÈ¿ 1998-99 ÔÈ Û¯ÔÏÈΤ˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜ Ô˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·
¤‰ˆÛ·Ó ¤ÌÊ·ÛË ÛÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÈÎÙÒÓ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô˘ ›ÏÂÍ·Ó ÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÙËÓ
O.∂.À. O ۯ‰ȷÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÚԂϤÂÈ ÁÈ· ÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ¯ÚÔÓÈ¿ 1999-
2000 ÔÈ Û¯ÔÏÈΤ˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜ Ó· ÂÈÎÂÓÙÚÒÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ηÈ
ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Ù˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘, ˆ˜ ·fiÚÚÔÈ·˜ Ù˘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, Ë
O.∂.À. ı· ÂÛÙÈ¿ÛÂÈ ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË Ù˘ ÛÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Ù˘ Û˘ÓÔÏÈ΋˜ ÂÌÂÈÚ›·˜, ÙfiÛÔ Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙÔ
˘ÏÈÎfi ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ˘ Ô˘ ı· ¤¯ÂÈ Û˘ÁÎÂÓÙÚˆı› ˆ˜ ÙfiÙ fiÛÔ Î·È Ì ¤Ó· Û‡ÓÔÏÔ Û¯Â‰È·Ṳ̂-
ÓˆÓ ÂÓÂÚÁÂÈÒÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜. ™‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÈÏÂÁ› Ô ∂›ÙÈ-
ÌÔ˜ ∫·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ §ÔÓ‰›ÓÔ˘, ÎÔ˜ Basil Bernstein.
·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ· 3
∂™ø∆∂ƒπ∫∏ ∞•πO§O°∏™∏ ∫∞𠶃O°ƒ∞ªª∞∆π™ªO™ ∆OÀ ∂∫¶∞π¢∂À∆π∫OÀ ∂ƒ°OÀ ™∆∏ ™ÃO§π∫∏ ªO¡∞¢∞
∂ÏÏËÓfiÁψÛÛË µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·
∞‚‰¿ÏË, §. (1989), OÈ µ·ıÌÔ› ∂›Ó·È ∞Ó·Áη›ÔÈ; ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈΤ˜ Î·È ∫ÔÈÓˆÓÈÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ∞fi„ÂȘ Î·È ¶ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›ÛÂȘ
ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Î·È µ·ıÌÔÏÔÁ›· ÛÙÔ ™¯ÔÏ›Ô, ∞ı‹Ó·, ™‡Á¯ÚÔÓË ∂Ô¯‹.
∞‰·ÏfiÁÏÔ˘-¶··‰ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË, ∫. (1993), ∏ ŒÚ¢ӷ Ô˘ ¶ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙË ™¯ÔÏÈ΋ ∆¿ÍË. ∫·Ù¢ı‡ÓÛÂȘ ηÈ
∂Ê·ÚÌÔÁ¤˜, ºÈÏfiÏÔÁÔ˜, Ù.74, ÛÛ.275-285.
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∂ÁÒ ÚÔÛˆÈο ‹ ÂÎÚÔÛˆÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ÊÔÚ¤· ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ·Ó‹Îˆ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÌ·È Ó· Û˘ÌÂÚÈÏËÊıÒ ÛÙÔ ªËÙÚÒÔ ™˘ÓÂÚÁ·ÙÒÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÂÛˆ-
ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ ÛÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÌÔÓ¿‰·:
∏Ì/Ó›·: ÀÔÁÚ·Ê‹:
(™˘ÌÏËÚÒÛÙ fi,ÙÈ ÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ Î·Ù¿ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË)
∂™ø∆∂ƒπ∫∏ ∞•πO§O°∏™∏ ∫∞𠶃O°ƒ∞ªª∞∆π™ªO™ ∆OÀ ∂∫¶∞π¢∂À∆π∫OÀ ∂ƒ°OÀ ™∆∏ ™ÃO§π∫∏ ªO¡∞¢∞
™˘ÓÔÏÈÎfi˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÌÂÏÒÓ ÊÔÚ¤·:
∂ȉÈÎfiÙËÙ·: ™ÙÔȯ›· ÌÂÏÒÓ Ô˘ ÂÈı˘ÌÔ‡Ó Ó· Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·ÛıÔ‡Ó (‚Ϥ ÂfiÌÂÓÔ ›Ó·Î·*)
∂ˆÓ˘Ì›· ºÔÚ¤·: ∞ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ ÊÔÚ¤· (ÂÚÈÁÚ¿„ÙÂ Û˘ÓÔÙÈο)
∂·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈ΋ ‰È‡ı˘ÓÛË:
∆ËϤʈÓÔ: Fax:
E-mail: ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË ºÔÚ¤·:
∆ËϤʈÓÔ: Fax:
E-mail:
205 ·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ· 4
206
(∞Ó ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ºÔÚ¤·)
∂ˆÓ˘Ì›· ºÔÚ¤·: OÓÔÌ·ÙÂÒÓ˘ÌÔ À¢ı‡ÓÔ˘:
(∞Ó ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· º˘ÛÈÎfi ¶ÚfiÛˆÔ)
∂ÒÓ˘ÌÔ: ŸÓÔÌ·: £¤ÛË: ºÔÚ¤·˜:
·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ· 4
∂ӉȷʤÚÔÌ·È Ó· Û˘ÓÂÈÛʤڈ Û ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Î·È ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ÛÙ· ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ:
1.∆ÚfiÔÈ (ÛËÌÂÈÒÛÙ fiÛ· ÂÈı˘Ì›ÙÂ) ¶·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ
1.1 ªÂ ÂÓ‰ÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË ❏
1.2 ∂Í ·ÔÛÙ¿Ûˆ˜ ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË ❏
1.3 ∂ÈÌfiÚʈÛË ÛÙÂϯÒÓ ❏
1.4 ªÂ ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ¶·Ú·ÙËÚËÙËÚ›Ô˘ ❏
1.5 ™‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ – ∫ÚÈÙ‹˜ ❏
1.6 ÕÏÏÔ ❏
2. ∞ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ(ÛËÌÂÈÒÛÙ fiÛ· ÂÈı˘Ì›ÙÂ) ¶·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ
2.1 ªÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›· Î·È Ù¯ÓÈΤ˜ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ ❏
2.2 OÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË Î·È ÂÌ„‡¯ˆÛË ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ ❏
2.3 ÕÓÙÏËÛË Î·È ÂÚÌËÓ›· Û˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ❏
2.4 ¶ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ Î·È ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ‰Ú¿Û˘ ❏
2.5 ™˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ - ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹ - ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ¢.∂.¶. ❏
2.6 ÕÏÏÔ ❏
3. £¤Ì·Ù· ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛ˘ – £ÂÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ¶ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ (ÛËÌÂÈÒÛÙ fiÛ· ÂÈı˘Ì›ÙÂ) ¶·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ
3.1 ¢π∞£∂™πª∞ ª∂™∞ - ¶OƒOπ ❏
3.2 ¶ƒO°ƒ∞ªª∞ ™¶OÀ¢ø¡ - µπµ§π∞ ❏
3.3 ¶ƒO™ø¶π∫O ™ÃO§∂πOÀ ❏
3.4 ¢πOπ∫∏™∏ ❏
3.5 ∫§πª∞ - ™Ã∂™∂π™ - ™À¡∂ƒ°∞™π∂™ ❏
3.6 ¢π¢∞∫∆π∫∏ ª∞£∏™π∞∫∏ ¢π∞¢π∫∞™π∞ ❏
3.7 ∂∫¶∞π¢∂À∆π∫∞ ∂¶π∆∂À°ª∞∆∞ ❏
3.8 ÕÏÏÔ (ÛËÌÂÈÒÛÙÂ ÙÈ)
4. °ÂˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Î·Ï˘Êı›.
∂™ø∆∂ƒπ∫∏ ∞•πO§O°∏™∏ ∫∞𠶃O°ƒ∞ªª∞∆π™ªO™ ∆OÀ ∂∫¶∞π¢∂À∆π∫OÀ ∂ƒ°OÀ ™∆∏ ™ÃO§π∫∏ ªO¡∞¢∞
∂¡∆À¶∞ ª∏∆ƒøOÀ ™À¡∂ƒ°∞∆ø¡ ∫∞π ¶∞ƒ∞∆∏ƒ∏™∂ø¡
∞ӷʤÚÂÙÂ:
ºÀ§§O ¶∞ƒ∞∆∏ƒ∏™∂ø¡ - ¶ƒO∆∞™∂ø¡
∂ÒÓ˘ÌÔ: ŸÓÔÌ·:
£¤ÛË:
ºÔÚ¤·˜:
¢/ÓÛË:
∆ËÏ.: ∏Ì/Ó›·:
™¯fiÏÈ· – ¶·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ:
EÍÒÊ˘ÏÏÔ Î·È M¤ÚÔ˜ B’: The puppet show, Alfred Eisenstaedt. ¶·Ú›ÛÈ, °·ÏÏ›·, 1963
M¤ÚÔ˜ A’: T· ηÈÓÔ‡ÚÁÈ· ·Ô‡ÙÛÈ·, BԇϷ ¶··˚ˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘, Aı‹Ó·, 1950-1955
YÏÈο 1: ™¯ÔÏÈ΋ Ù¿ÍË ÂÓfi˜ Board school, ·ÁÓÒÛÙÔ˘, AÁÁÏ›·, ÂÚ›Ô˘ 1900
YÏÈο 2: MÚÔÛÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ Î·ıÚ¤ÊÙË, BԇϷ ¶··˚ˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘, EÏÏ¿‰·, ÂÚ›Ô˘ 1945
YÏÈο 3: T· ·‰¤ÏÊÈ·, Robert Doisneau, ¶·Ú›ÛÈ, °·ÏÏ›·, 1934
YÏÈο 4: ¶Úfi‚· ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ Ù˘ ·Ú¤Ï·Û˘ Î·È ÔÈ Ó·ÚÔ› ı·˘Ì·ÛÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘, Alfred Eisenstaedt,
¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ÙÔ˘ Michigan, H.¶.A., 1950
YÏÈο 5: TÔ ZYX 24 ·ÔÁÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È..., Jacques-Henri Lartigue, Rouzat, °·ÏÏ›·, 1910
M¤ÚÔ˜ °’: TÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ M¿ÓÔ˜, ŒÏ˘ÌÔ˜, K¿Ú·ıÔ˜, EÏÏ¿‰·, 1962