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Hiv: The Gloabal and Indian Scenario: Dr. Kanupriya Chaturvedi Dr. S.K Chaturvedi
Hiv: The Gloabal and Indian Scenario: Dr. Kanupriya Chaturvedi Dr. S.K Chaturvedi
INDIAN SCENARIO
Lesson objectives
Scope of the HIV/AIDS Pandemic
Natural History and Transmission of HIV
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
H = Infects only Human beings
I = Immunodeficiency virus weakens
the immune system and increases the
risk of infection
V = Virus that attacks the body
DR. S.K CHATURVEDI
AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome
A = Acquired, not inherited
I = Weakens the Immune system
D = Creates a Deficiency of CD4+
cells in the immune system
S = Syndrome, or a group of illnesses
taking place at the same time
DR. S.K CHATURVEDI
Transmission of HIV
HIV is transmitted by
Direct contact with infected blood
Sexual contact: oral, anal, or vaginal
Direct contact with semen or vaginal and
cervical secretions
HIV-infected mothers to infants during
pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding
DR. S.K CHATURVEDI
Transmission of HIV
HIV is not transmitted by
Coughing, sneezing
Insect bites
Touching, hugging
Water, food
Kissing
Public
baths
Handshakes
Work or school contact
Using telephones
Sharing cups, glasses,
plates, or other utensils
Total
39.4 million (35.9 44.3 million)
37.2 million (33.841.7 million)
Adults
Women
17.6 million (16.3 19.5 million)
Children under 15 years 2.2 million (2.0 2.6 million)
Total
4.9 million (4.3 6.4 million)
Adults
4.3 million (3.7 5.7 million)
Children under 15 years 640 000 (570 000 750 000)
Total
3.1 million (2.8 3.5 million)
Adults
2.6 million (2.3 2.9 million)
Children under 15 years 510 000 (460 000 600 000)
The ranges around the estimates in this table define the boundaries within which the actual numbers lie, based on the best available information.
00003 -E-1 December 2004
* Source: UNAIDS,2004
5.1 m. Indian living with HIV
Reported cases
1027 M
25/1000
933
Annual Pregnancies
27 M
ANC Coverage
65.4 %
Institutional Deliveries
[12.1% to 79.3%]
35.6 %
42.3 %
High Prevalence
States: these are
Tamil Nadu,
Maharastra,
Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh, Manipur and
Nagaland
90
uninfected
80
70
63
60
50
uninfected
40
30
20
10
0
15
15
7
# infected during
BF for 2 yrs
# infected during
delivery
#infants infected
during
pregnancy
Globally: 15-45%
India: 30-37% ( average)
Urban Male
Urban Female
Rural Male
Rural Female
80
60
%
40
20
0
Bihar
Gujarat
Uttar Pradesh
Prevention of
HIV Transmission
Personal strategies
Public health strategies
Safe practices: no risk of HIV transmission
Risk reduction: reduces but does not
eliminate risk
DR. S.K CHATURVEDI
Prevention of
HIV Transmission
HIV Disease
Progression of HIV disease is measured by:
CD4+ count
Degree of immune suppression
Lower CD4+ count means decreasing
immunity
Viral load
Amount of virus in the blood
Higher viral load means more immune
suppression
DR. S.K CHATURVEDI
HIV Disease
Severity of illness is
determined by amount of
virus in the body
(increasing viral load) and
the degree of immune
suppression (decreasing
CD4+ counts)
Higher the viral load, the
sooner immune
suppression occurs
DR. S.K CHATURVEDI
HIV Disease
Direct infection of organ systems
HIV can directly infect the:
Brain (HIV dementia)
Gut (wasting)
Heart (cardiomyopathy)
DR. S.K CHATURVEDI
Key Points
HIV is a global pandemic and the number
of people living with HIV continues to
increase worldwide.
HIV epidemic is especially severe in
resource-constrained settings
HIV is a virus that destroys the immune
system, leading to opportunistic infections.
The progression from initial infection with
HIV to end-stage AIDS varies from person
to person and can take more than 10 years.
DR. S.K CHATURVEDI