AUSTRALIAN GEOMECHANICS News Joumal ofthe Australian Geomechanics Society ISSN 0818-9110 No. 29 June 1996 The Australian Geomechanies Society is jointly sponsored by: Z ‘The Institution of Engineers, Australia ql ‘@ cn “The Australasian Inte of Mining and Meturgy See | Published for: The Australian Geomechanics Society by The Institution of Engineers, Australia, National Office, 11 National Circuit, Barton. ACT. 2600. tel: (06) 270 6555 fax: (06) 273 1488 Responsibility for the content of this publication rests upon the authors and not The Institution of Engineers, Australia nor the Australian Geomechanics Society. Data presented and conclusions developed by the authors are for information only and are ‘Got intended for use without independent substantiating investigation on the part of the potential user,Australian Geomechanics Issue No. 29, June 1996 Contents Editorial Policy Office Bearers Supporting Members A Note from the Editors Guest Editorial EH Davis Memorial Lecture Special Feature: Contaminated Land Technical Papers Craig Emerson Part 2- Heat Flow and Contaminant Migration In Soils Prof J. Booker Contaminated Sites in Queensland A, Lee Contaminated Land in Victoria R. Parker Regulatory Aspects of Landfill Liner Design in Some Countries A. Bouaza & W. Van Impe Regulatory Approach to Contaminated Land in the USA - A Changing Environment D. Dunster & I. Kluckow Exsitu Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Soils: Experiences from Australia W. Trotter & P. Mulvey Pull-out Capacity of Short Piers with Oblique Loading - Experimental Results G, Greensill & J. Eckersley ‘A Model for Bank Collapse on the Nepean River, Camden Valley T. Hubble & T. Hull 12 14 37 42 46 60 64 1 80Contents (cont.) Controversy Corner Geonews National Committee State Group Reports Standards Australia Technical Committee Reports Conference and Prize Notices Geodiary Effect of Stress Change on Water Inflows to Underground Excavation B. Indraratna & J. Wang A Note on Settlement Predictions of Shallow Foundations on Sand N. Sivakugan From the Chairman's Pen Regional Vice-Presidents' Reports, Australian Geoscience Council FASTS 99 115 122 124 127 129 131 135 137 150 152 154 158Catt FOR CONTRIBUTIONS ‘Australian Geomechanics, published by the Institution of Engi- neers Australia, is a journal reporting news and presenting. technical papers of interest to the Australian geotechnical com- ‘munity. The statements made or opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institution or the AGS. ‘The Editorial Pane! of Australian Geomechanics seeks contribu- tions for future editions. The following comments are offered to assist would-be contributors. ‘Technical contributions can include any of the following:- «# Technical papers or technical notes on geotechnical engineer- ing, engineering geology and geo-environmental engineering. Papers should be topical, practically oriented and preferably of national interest, Case studiesdescribing innovative geotechnical workare particularly encouraged. ‘* Technical papers on geotechnical or geoscience research which clearly indicate their practical relevance and limitations. All original technical papers are refereed to ensure that they are of the standard of those published in similar intemational ‘geotechnical journals, Authors should aimforamaximum overall, length of no more than 3500 words, although shorter papers or technical notes are particularly welcome. + Authoritative reviews of non-technical aspects of geotechnical practice or aspects of geotechnical education « Discussions on papers published in previo editions. ‘*Newsitems describing significant projects, instructive failures, conferences, courses or other topics of general interest to the ‘Australian geotechnical community. Geotechnical book reviews, + Letters to the Editorial Panel. Format ‘Australian Geomechanics is now being produced in electronic format using WordPerfect or Microsoft Word on IBM compat- iblehardware. Contributionsare preferred on 3.5" floppy diskin either ofthese formats. If this is not possible, ASCII or text files are acceptable. 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Authors will remain responsible for the integrity oftheir mate- rial and for permission to publish Deaunes Contributors are reminded that the deadlines for submission of ‘general material are 1Sth April forthe June editionand 15 October for the December edition, unless otherwise advised by the editors. Technical pepersare required atleast four weeks earlier. Eprroria. Contacts: ‘Contributions should be forwarded to the Editorial Panel, Aus- \alian Geomechanics, Schoo! of Civil Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001. ‘The Editorial Pane!,"95/96is: Keith Wallace & Bevan Boyce, ph (073864 1034/2247, FAX 073864 1515 and Pat Wilson, ph. 073371 2776.e-mail K, Wallace or B. Boyce @ qut.eduau ADVERTISING CONTACT Advertising: Peter May, IEAust, I National Circuit, BARTON, ACT 2600, Ph (06)2706555. Ausraon Geomechanics 1996aS Nis Chair Dr Tony Philli Deputy Chair Chris Haberfield Immediate Past Chair Mr Garry Mostyn Australian Vice Presidents ISSMFE Mr Max Ervin ISRM Mr Garry Mostyn IAEG Dr Warwick Prebble IE Aust Nominee Mr Tom Bowling AustIMMNominee Dr SandyBennet Elected Members NSW & ACT Prof John Carter Qla Mr Robert Morphet SANT Mr Don Cameron Tas Mr John Davies Vic & Overseas Mr Brian Chandler WA Mr Tad Szwedzicki Co-opted Dr Charles Waterton Secretary Mr Frank Williams Bh sssrtian Gomachanie- he 1998 Arup Geotechnics Monash University University of NSW Golder Associates University of NSW Uni of Auckland,NZ Connell Wagner Group University of Sydney Golder Associates University of SA HEC Tasmania Maunsell Pty Ltd School of Mines, Kalgoorlie Douglas Partners IEAust 02-9320 9320 03-9905 4902 02-697 5021 03-9819 4044 02-697 $021 0011-64-9-3737599 002-305 266 03-697 8333 02-351 2109 07-3217 6444 08-302 3128 002-305 655 03-9653 1234 09-805 172 09-323 4774 06-270 6555STATE GROUP. € KALGOORLIE Nsw QLD SAG&NT Tas nc WA NEWCASTLE CHAIRMAN Tad Szwedzicki WASM PO Box 597 Kalgoorlie WA 6430 John Carter Dept. Civil & Mining Eng. University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2000 John Simmons Sherwood Geotechnical & ResearchServices 16 Erinvale St Corinda QLD 4075 Don Cameron University of SA. ‘The Levels Campus David Brett ‘Thompson & Brett Consultants Dr Bill Bamford University of Melbourne Mark Randolph University of WA Mark Delaney University of Neweastle Dept of Civil Eng & Surveying Callaghan, NSW 2308 SECRETARY Tad Szwedzicki ‘Andrew Leventhal Long Mac Associates ‘Sydney NSW Michael Neighbour Douglas Partners 27 Jeays Street BOWEN HILLS Q Mark Jaksa Dept of Civil & Env Eng Uni of Adelaide John Davies Hydro Electric Co. Peter Fry Civil Geotech, Services Martin Fahey Dept of Civil & Env Eng University of WA Nedlands WA 6009 ‘Stephen Fityus University of Neweastle Austration Geomschanies- une 1996 3Australian Geomechanics Society Supporting Members n Geomechanics Society gratefully acknowledges the contribution made by its Supporting Members who are listed below. To become a supporting member, complete the appropriate section of the members application form which is published elsewhere in this journal, or contact Peter May in Canberra ‘or your local group secretary. ‘Arup Geotechnics POBoxQI 16, Queen Victoria Building, SYDNEY. NSWw2000 BBLEngincers PtyLid Box6649, MACKAY. QLD4741 Barrett, Fullerand Partners POBox275, CAMBERWELL VIC3124 Civil Test Pry Lid POBox537, MORNINGTON. VIC3931 Coffey Partners International 12WaterlooRd, NORTHRYDE. NSW21 13 CSIRODivision of Geomechanics POBox54, MOUNT WAVERLEY. VIC3149 DamsSafety Committee POBox3720, PARRAMATTA. NSW2150 Douglas Partners Pty Lid POBox 472, West Ryde. NSW21 14 Frankipile Australia Pty Lid POBox 3366. PARRAMATTA. NSW2150 Geo-Eng Australia Pty Ltd ‘Tramway Rd POBox92, MORWELL. VIC3840 Geolab Systems 77-79 Anzac Parade, KENSINGTONNSW 2033 Geotechnical Engineering Public Works, McKillBuilding Level 13,GPOBox5280, SYDNEYNSW2001 Geotechnical Engineering 3PrimaCoun, TULLAMARINE, VIC3043, Gutteridge, Haskins and Davey 15Astor Tce, BRISBANE. QLD4001 School of Civil Engineering, “The University of NSW, SYDNEY. NSW205? 4 BE tasvralian Geomachanice- hme 1998 GEWA. POBox 106, KWINANA. WA6167 GolderAssociates ‘72KelvinGroveRd, NORMANBY QLD. 4959 HAM Testing Pty Lid. Unit8, 18 0'Shea Dr, NERANG. QLD. 4217 Dames and Moore POBox251,SPRINGHILL.QLD 4000 Jeffery & Katauskas Puy Ltd BuffaloRd, GLADESVILLE. NSW2111 Longmac Associates Pty Lid 3 Eden St, CROWS NEST. NSW 2065 Maunsell Pry Lid Level9, 161 Collins St, MELBOURNE VIC3000 PPK Consultants Pty Ld, 100NorthTce, ADELAIDE SA 5000 Reinforced Earth Pty Lid POBox 742, GOSFORD.NSW.2250 Rock Engineering Pty Lid POBox 396, ROSANNA. VIC3084 SIFEnterprise Bachy 11 Knight St, LANSVALE, NSW 2166 ~ ‘Slope Indicator Co, Pty Lid, POBox 198, COTTLESLOE. WA. 6011 ‘Turner, Keighran Geotechnics Pty Lud 117 Magowar Rd, GIRRAWEENNSW 2145, Vibro-Pile (Aust) Pty Lid 1 Steele Court, MENTONE VIC3194 ‘Western Geotechnics 16MalvernRd, RIVERVALE. WA.6103 School of Civil and Mining Engineering, University of Sydney. NSW 2006.The Green Conference Edition Yes folks, this is definitely the June Conference edition. You may receive it in early August, long after those Mediterranean memories of Adelaide have faded, but take heed! This final opus was tempestuously two-fingered into the word processor on the last day of June just before rushing back to Indooroopilly to grab the winter thermals and catch the plane to the Adelaide conference. Sony we missed the conference news-stands. We have all had a particularly tough semester. In this Green Edition, we are particularly pleased to be able to publish the second part of John Booker’s Ted Davis memorial lecture. We like the transcription of the verbal presentation plus “slides”. It is certainly a change from many of the more turgid journal papers. John’s paper flows from the erudite world of semi-analytic solutions right through to an illuminating application to one of the most critical issues facing humanity, nuclear “testing” and control. The same issue arose at the Paris unsaturated soils conference when a Japanese speaker began witha condemnation of the French nuclear testing, 20% of the delegates applauded but the majority acted as though he had just broken wind in the geotechnical church. How green is the geotechnical community? Are we just selling a slightly different set of technical solutions to our clients or are we anticipating some of the important social and environmental issues which could eventually frustrate the successful implementation of our clients’ projects? For example, soft soils have been the butter on our bread for seventy years but when we are crawling around in the mangroves could we also be making a few ecological observations in amongst the piezocone results. It may be that environmental or social factors other than bearing capacity and settlement will determine project feasibility and that we, as site investigators, can broaden the scope of the services we offer. In the short term, as indicated in the contaminated land feature, cleaning up other peoples’ mess can be good for business, but when will our clients get smart and expect the engineering profession to advise them against making the mess in the first place? It is all part of changing the culture of engineering education, but that is a story for the NEXT EDITION which will feature developments in GEOTECHNICAL — ENGINEERING EDUCATION. We will contact most Australian universities within the next few months to lea who you are, what you are doing and, especially whether you are doing anything different or interesting in geotechnical education. We are too old to worry about how clever you are, so just tell us what you are doing to improve the education of the next generation of geotechnical professionals! Any short papers would be most appreciated, It would also be helpful if you could send us a short Australion Geomechancs-Lune 1996(k.wallace@qutedu.au), identifying the engineering geology, rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering staff at your university and giving a one line description of their expertise. This would also help us with email contacts, Any ideas about articles would also be most welcome. Intending contributors should send in their papers before 15th of October. Technical papers are required at least 4 weeks earlier, Finally, some thankyous and apologies. Thanks to all of those who have written or telephoned to say they really appreciated the format and content of the last two issues. You are both very kind. And, of course, thanks again to Lynne Johnson for doing the typing and editorial layout. Thanks also to the Physical Infrastructure Center at QUT for funding this work. Sincere apologies to A. Lang, the open pit cable bolter who not only became B. Lang but had half of his list of references deleted by editorial gremlins. Sorry, Adrian, the full list of references has been included in the current edition Now its off to Adelaide where for a week the greatest dilemma of the geotechnical community will be whether to take the technical tour to the Barossa Valley or the Southern Vales. Keith Wallace, Bevan Boyce and Pat Wilson 696 6B Austrotan Geomechanics June 1996Enatum for December 1995 Edition Paper Some Important lsues in Open Pit Cable Boling by AM, Lang References Anon, 1970. The logging of rock cores for purposes, Geological Society Engineering Group Working Party Report on, Q J Engng Geol, 3:1- 24. engineering Anon, 1977a. The logging of rock cores for engineering purposes, second report by Geological Society Engineering Group Working Party, QJ Engng Geol, 10:45- 52. Anon, 1977b. The description of rock masses for engineering purposes, report by the Geological Society Engineering Group Working Party, 0 J Engng Geol, 10:335-388. Bandis, $, Lumsden, A C and Barton, N R, 1981. Experimental studies of scale effects on the shear behaviour of rock joints, Int J Rock Mech Min Sci & Geomech Abstr, 18:1-21 Barron, K, Coates, D F and Gyenge, M, 1971. Support for pit slopes, CIM Bulletin, March, 64(707):113-120. Bawden, W F, Hyett, A J and Lausch, P, 1992. Technical note: An experimental procedure for the in situ testing of cable bolts, Int J Rock Mech Min Sci & Geomech Abstr, 29(5):525-533. Bieniawski, Z T, 1984. Rock Mechanics Design in Mining and Tunneling, 272 p (Balkema: Rotterdam). Brawner, C O, 1982. Stabilization of rock slopes, in Third Int Conf on Stability in Surface Mining (Ed: C O Brawner), Vancouver, pp 289-310 (SME of AIME: New York), Call, RD and Savely, J P, 1990. Open pit rock mechanics, in Surface Mining, 2nd Edition (Ed: B A Kennedy), pp 860-882 (Society for ig, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Ine: Littleton). Call, RD, 1992. Slope stability, in SME Mining Engineering Handbook, 2nd Edition (Ed: H L Hartman), pp 881-896 Ausraon Geomechanics ne 1996 7(Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Ine: Littleton). Das, B and Stimpson, B, 1986. Passive reinforcement of pit slopes by bolting, in Proc Int Symp on Geotechnical Stability in Surface Mining (Ed: RK Singhal), Calgary, pp 208-211 (Balkema: Rotterdam), Dight, P M, 1984, A case study of a rock slope reinforced with fully grouted rock bolts, in Proc Int Symp on Rock Bolting (Ed: O Stephansson), Abisko, pp 523- 538 (Balkema: Rotterdam). Dorsten, V, Hunt, F F and Preston, H K, 1984. Epoxy coated seven-wire strand for prestressed concrete, Journal of the Prestressed Concrete Inst, 29(4):1-11, July-August (Prestressed Concrete Institute: Chicago). Farmer, D L, Lang, A M, Lewis, 1 H, Montgomery, § B and Swindelis, C F, 1992, The use of terrestrial photogrammetry in monitoring open pit wall stability, in Western Australian Conference on Mining Geomechanics (Eds: T Szwedzicki, GR Baird and TN 8B Astin Geomechanics ne 1998 Little), Kalgoorlie, pp 159-163 (Curtin University of Technology: Kalgoorlie). Fuller, P G, 1984, Cable support in mining, in Proc Int Symp on Rock Bolting (Ed: © Stephansson), Abisko, pp S11-522 (Balkema: Rotterdam), Fuller, P G, Dight, P M and Dugan, K J, 1989. Design considerations for artificial support of open pit walls, in Second Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Latrobe Valley, pp 169- 172 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne). GALENA, 1991. 4 Comprehensive Slope Stability Analysis System, version 1.1, 90 p (BHP Engineering Pty Ltd: Wollongong). Garford Pty Ltd, 1990. An improved, method” for rock stabilisation, 4 p Perth. economical Giani, G P, 1992. Rock Slope Stabiliy Analysis, 361 p (Balkema: Rotterdam).Sis from the SB HST Harr, M E, 1987. Reliability-Based Design in Civil Engineering, 290 p (McGraw- Hill: New York). Hoek.E and Bray, J W, 1981. Rock Slope Engineering, revised third edition, 358 p (The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy: London). Hoek, E, Kaiser, P K and Bawden, W F, 1995. Support of Underground Excavations in Hard Rock, 215 p (Balkema: Rotterdam), Hoek, E (1995). Strength of rock and rock masses, International Society for Rock Mechanics News Journal, 2(2):4-16. Hoek, E (1995b). Letter to the Editor: The challenge of input data for rock engineering, International Society for Rock Mechanics News Journal, 2(2):23- 24, Hutchins, W R, Bywater, S, Thompson, A and Windsor, CR, 1990. A versatile grouted cable dowel reinforcing system for rock, The AusIMM Proceedings, May, 295(1):25-29. Hyett, A J, Bawden, W F and Reichert, R D, 1992. The effect of rock mass confinement on the bond strength of fully grouted cable bolts, Int J Rock Mech Min Sci & Geomech Abstr, 29(5):503-524. Hyett, A J, Bawden, W F, Hedrick, N and Blackall, J, 1995. A laboratory evaluation of the 25mm Garford bulb anchor for cable bolt reinforcement, CIM Bulletin, July-August, 88(992):54- 39. ISRM (1981). Testing & Monitoring - ISRM Suggested Methods (Ed: E T Brown), Commission on Testing Methods, Rock Characterization Intemational Society for Rock Mechanics, 211 p (Pergamon Press: Oxford). Johnston, I W, 1991. Geomechanics and the emergence of soft rdck technology, Australian Geomechanics, December, 21:3-26. Kaiser, P K, Maloney, S and Yazici, S, 1992. A new perspective on cable bolt Ausvaton Geomechanics one 1996 9design, CIM Bulletin, July/August, 85(962):103-109. Kaiser, P K, Yazici, $ and Nosé J, 1992. Effect of stress change on the bond strength of fully grouted cables, Int J Rock Mech Min Sci & Geomech Abstr, 29(3):293-306, Lang, A M, 1992. Review of shear strength results - Western Australian gold mines, in Third Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Mackay, pp 379-386 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne). Littlejohn, G S, 1992, Keynote lecture: Rock anchorage practice in civil engineering, in Proc Int Symp on Rock Support, Rock Support in Mining and Underground Construction (Ed: PK Kaiser and D R McCreath), Sudbury, pp 257-268 (Balkema: Rotterdam). McMahon, B K, 1985, Geotechnical design in the face of uncertainty, Australian Geomechanics, December, 10:7-19, 10, Asotin Geomechanics - ne 1996 Or, C M and Campbell, R, 1990. Photogrammetric mapping of open pit mine wall failures, in Mine Geologist's Conference, Mt Isa, pp 25-28 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne), Reichert, R D, Bawden, W F and Hyett, A J, 1992, Evaluation of design bond strength for fully grouted cables, CIM Bulletin, July/August, 85(962):110-118. Rosengren, K J, 1986. Wall reinforcement in open pit mining, in Large Open Pit Mining Conf, pp 257-265 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne), Rosengren, K J and Swindells, C F, 1988, Slope stability in open pit gold mines, in R&D for the Minerals Industry, WASM, pp 122-127 (Curtin University of Technology: Kalgoorlie), SAFEX, 1990. SAFEX - Stability Assessment for Excavations in Rock, C R Windsor and A G Thompson, 131 p (CSIRO Division of Geomechanics: Perth)NOTE icelaas fn ea Seegmiller, B L, 1982. Artificial support of rock slopes, in Third Int Conf on Stability in Surface Mining (Ed: C O Brawner), Vancouver, pp 249-288 (SME of AIME: New York). Snow, A, 1994. (Draft) Procedures for Deformation Surveying in the Mining Environment, 62 p, (Western Australian School of Mines: Kalgoorlie) Swindells, C F, 1990, Geotechnical studies for open pit mines: West Australian operating experience, in Mine Geologist's Conference, Mt Isa, pp 167- 170 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne). Swindells, C F, 1992. 4 Review of the Application of Cabie-bolt Reinforcement in Open Pit Mines in Western Australia, ACG:0004-93, 17 p (Australian Centre for Geome: Perth). Thompson, A G, Windsor, C R, Robertson, W V and Robertson, I G, 1995. Case study of an instrumented reinforced pit slope, in 35th US Symp on Rock Mechanics, Lake Tahoe, pp - (Balkema: Rotterdam). Thompson, A G and Windsor, C R, 1995. ‘Tensioned cable bolt reinforcement ~.an integrated case study, in Proc 8th ISRM Cong, Tokyo, (In press). Windsor, C R, 1992. Invited lecture: Cable bolting for underground and surface excavations, in Proc Int Symp on Rock Support, Rock Support in Mining and Underground Construction (Ed: P K Kaiser and D R McCreath), Sudbury, pp 349-366 (Balkema: Rotterdam). Yazici, S and Kaiser, P K, 1992. . Bond strength of grouted cable bolts, Int J Rock Mech Min Sci & Geomech Abstr, 29(3):279-292. eeeby Craig Emerson Director, Ecomanagers, WHEN IGNORANCE IS BLISS How would you like to be told you have built your dream home on a block of contaminated land? Thousands of, Australians are receiving such notifications in burgeoning outer metropolitan suburbs where previous generations used what was then rural land for rubbish tips, stock dips and even bombing ranges. In the last year, first home buyers in some outer metropolitan suburbs in Australia have been advised that their yards may contain unexploded bombs from the Second World War. No level of government wants to take responsibility for ridding the areas of the unwanted war relics since the cost would be huge. Instead, agreements are being reached which will minimise the dangers for local residents. Meanwhile, the resale value of the homes may be adversely affected. Many residents would probably have been happier if they had never known their houses are built on old bombing ranges, rubbish dumps, service station sites or cattle dips. For them, ignorance is bliss. The risks of any ill-health from living on land that is only mildly contaminated may be very low, yet they may suffer a permanent loss of wealth from the public knowledge that their house block is on a contaminated land register. 12. Austration Geomechanics ne 1996 When Ignorance is Bliss Former Head Queensland Department of the Environment This unsatisfactory state of affairs is leading to a re-think by some environmental authorities that it might be better if contaminated land legislation dealt only with cases of contamination that are likely to be hazardous to human health or the environment. The difficulty is knowing in advance which areas are mildly contaminated and which jously affected, Testing is needed to ascertain the risk. And this begs the guestion of who pays. Governments are unlikely to want to pay for site contamination reports and it would be inefficient for individual home buyers to hire consultants once the blocks have been sub-divided. The financial responsibility is therefore likely to fall on the businesses which sub-divide or sell the land. are more Once an assessment has been completed and any areas of significant contamination are identified and remediated, the remaining non-containinated land could be removed from the contaminated land register. Home owners could therefore avoid the stigma and loss°of wealth of having their land permanently listed on the register. A. more discerning approach to land contamination provided by this proposal would allow the authorities to devote scarce time and resources to the serious contamination problems such as places where harmful chemicals were dumpeddecades ago and are now leaching into the groundwater, or where leachate from sub- standard rubbish dumps near the sea is threatening the marine environment. And it would allow preventative measures to be’ put in place, such as regional hazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities. Such facilities are essential to any effective response to the contaminated land problems in Australia, The days are gone when a business could contaminate land and walk away from it, leaving future generations to clean it up. While Australia does not face the contaminated land legacy of Eastern Europe, there are ample examples of irresponsible past contamination to teach us that we need sensible, practical legislation to prevent future abuses of the land. By concentrating on prevention and ensuring the remediation of the more serious cases of land contamination, environmental authorities can help protect the environment without causing unnecessary anxiety and financial hardship for families in our ever- expanding suburbs. Anstralion Geomechaics- ane 1996. BE.H. Davis Lecture Part 2 Lowe Ted Davis much, he was a mentor, colleague and friend. As I reviewed the material used (0 prepare thas lecture it became clearer and clearer to me that his influence, on me and many others. lived on and through us was being passed on Hear Flown Sous ‘The first topic [ would like to discuss is the effect of heat flow in soil, 1 became interested in this when I visited Cambridge University inthe early eighties to work on @ research project concerned withthe disposal of radioactive waste. “The basic concept is shown in Figure 1. The idea was to drop cylinders of radioactive waste offshore in a region ‘which was remote from any seismic or tectonic activity as well as being remote from ocean currents. Temperature Effect Increased on Soil Phases = o-oo, ie Pore Volume Water Ee ae = Mismatch Figure | Figure 2 Iki likely that the container housing the radioactive waste would only provide an effective barrier for at most 100 years and thus it is the surrounding sediment that needs to provide the long term barrier. Centrifuge testing revealed that the ‘tunnel’ ereated by the entry of the container would heal behind it. Concem then shifted to possible damage because of the high temperature of the waste “The question now arises as to why such thermal effects should be thought of as dangerous. ‘The train of argument ‘which leads to these conclusions is shown in Figures 2 to 4. Figure 2 shows the effect of heat on the skeleton and pore water portions of the scl. If both phases were unconstrained they would expand as indicated on the slide, The coefficient of expansion of the pore water is substantially greater than that of the skeletal material, Thus if there is no interaction between the water and skeleton, there will be insufficient room to accommodate the water and so there must be some imeraction. This interaction takes the form of an increase in pore water pressure which has the effect of slightly reducing the volume of water as well as reducing the effective stress and thus increasing the void space as indicated in Figure 3 14 BP Ausiation Geomechanics - ne 1996A NOTE ON SETTLEMENT PREDICTIONS OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS IN SANDS. Pany, RH. G. (1971). “A Direct Method of Estimating Settlements in Sands from SPT Values," Proceedings of the Interaction of Structure and Foundation, Birmingham, 29-32. Peck, R. B. and Bazaraa, A. R. S. (1969). Discussion to "Settlement of Spread Footings on Sand," Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, 95(SM3), 905-909. Peck, RB, Hanson, W.E. and Thombum, T. H. (1974). Foundation Engineering, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, $14, ‘Schmertmann, J. H. (1970). "Static Cone to Compute Static Settlements over Sand," Jounal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, ‘96(SM3), 1011-1043, ‘Schmertmann, J. H., Hartman, J. P. and Brown, P. R. (1978). "Improved Strain Influence Factor Diagrams," Joumal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 104(GT8), 1131-1135. Schultz, E. and Sherif, G. (1973). “Prediction of Settlements from Evaluated Settlement Observations for sand," Proceedings of the Sih Intemational Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Moscow, 1.3, 225-230. Simons, N.E. and Menzies, B. K. (1977). “A Short Course in Foundation Engineering”, Butterworths Tan, C.K, and Duncan, 1M, (1991). "Settlement of Footings on Sands - Accuracy and Reliability,” Proceedings of the Geotechnical Engineering Congress 1991, Goetechnical Special Publication No. 27, ASCE, 1, 446-455. ‘Terzaghi, K. and Peck, R.B, (1948). “Soil Mechanies in Enginecring Practice, First Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York U. S. Navy (1982), “Soil mechanics - Design manual 7.1", Dept. of Navy, Navy Facilities Engineering ‘Command (NAVFAC). Aucration Geomechanics- une 1996 J 121by Dr Peter James Controversy Corner (Like Pidgin, it’s clearer if read aloud.) At mid-week, us arrange to Haberfield day, testing Diameter to Length Ratios of Cylindrical Specimens in Vale of Barossa. But too many come. “Look, Carr too Small!”, the driver Holla. “Can't Fityus all in! Particularly if youse want to Carter way Gillon or two of Moisture Recharge, at right Priee, no ‘Swindells.” So us Poulos resources and hire Moomivand. Except, when everybody ready, some people still Holden us up. “Wesley?” I ask. “He's here,” the driver reply. “But Swedziki go?” Then somebody else shout: “I need to make Calibrated ‘Chamber Study” and another ery: “No time now to be Testing the Response of Piles of Unequal Sizes” and so off us go, with everybody packing in and suffering Joint Deformation. A small stuttering voice ask: “Fahinifar?” Driver reply: “Not far, if you know Tabesh way. Which us do, and so arrive at Vale of Barossa where many Pillars of Society develop Planes of Weakness at Various Inclination and some suffer Sliding Fail ure. One even Fell, but he a Toufigh and get up and Walker way over Random Fields; Enever seen again. ‘When Sun start going down and Shadunts grow long and Duske falling, us worry we late for Confluence dinner. But driver - he a bit ofa Bouazza and have partaking of Speight of Moisture Recharge by now, - he say he Newson short cut, worth a Gamble, So he drive really fast and everybody shouting: “Gafoori, mate! and laughing. Until Karimi have Hull of a crash: Ziou! Zang! Xiou! Give pile, in form of lampost, instant Earthquake Lateral Loading and us end in Golf Bun- ker, Canou Pull Out. Driver's Accompanying Person, she say: “Porbaha! Winsor?” “No.” say Driver, “But Moghaddas-serious-Nejad, all the same. Me? My Acoustic Emission disappear when look under van and see Granu- Jar Filters missing from Modified Screw Plate and Leaking Water Pipe causing ‘Seepage into Sheet pile and nasty Wet Seams spreading on Non-Homogencous Soils in bunker. I really Jaksa it by then and give driver Currie: “Your Edgoose cooked, mate” I say. “Van could not be worse if you Stewart in the Waters of Breakfast Creek.” ‘Oh! oh! Just then, Herraman in blue Seidel up and say to us: “Ho, ho! Ervin a good time, Madieros”” Smarty driver reply: “Meyer goodness, officer, De Pender. We Weakened by Fissures, that’s all.” “More like you Contaminant Transport,” man in blue say. “I have mind to re Allman Shakedown Analysis.” “On what Grounds?” ask Smarty. i 122 If Airatin Geomechonies- me 1996Controversy Corner “Thear many complaint about you and your Geomechanies relevant to this present day, and not just Bonding and Wall Smear. You Mostyn behave in this manner, I must Booker you.” Which he did. Which is why us miss Confluence Dinner and now request consideration of refund of dinner Price, Autraton Geomechanics June 1996.Frankipile Australia Pty Ltd Frankipile announces that Slav Tchepak has rejoined the Group as its Group Design and Development Manager after spending 15 months at Coffey Partners Intemational The three parent organisations, (AEG, ISRM,ISSMFE) are exploring the possibility of organising a joint Internation al Congress of Geo-engineering, to be held in 2000, in addition to the traditional conferences sponsored by each individual organisation. The Congress would aim to aquire a comprehensive overview of the state- of- the art in the areas in which the three organisations are particularly active. The theme would be * Geoengineering in the Third Millennium’, Expressions of interest have been requested from member countries prepasred to organise the Congress. Australia may get a sympathetic hearing if interested (see comments, elsewhere), The N.Z. Society has now changed its name to the New Zealand Geotechnical Society. Roger Olds has been appointed CEO of Coffey Partners Int. and Managing Director of Coffey Intemational Ltd. Roger joined Coffey in 1979 and has generally worked from their Melboume office. He was previously manager for Victoria and Tasmania, from 1989 to 1993, and Southern Region Manager to 1996. He has been an Executive Director since 1995. Bob Simpson has been appointed as the new CEO of Coffey MPW Pty Ltd. and an Executive Director of the Board of CIL. Bob joined the Group in 1989 as a senior consultant rising to be International Operations Manager in 1993. David Byme has been appointed Manager of the CPI Canberra Office. Tony Phillips, Chairman AGS wishes to inform new contact numbers Ph. (02) 9320 9320 Fax (02) 9261 2181 124 [Assertion Geomechanics - ine 1996_ New Edition Terzaghi and Peck ‘The Brisbane Office has recently moved to new premises at Unit 12, 97 Castlemaine Street, Milton, QLD 4064, PO Box 1734, Milton B.C. QLD 4064.( a fair bit closer to the XXXX Brewery) Tel 07 3217 6444 Fax 3217 6700.(hopefully more room for the mid- year Xmas party - Eds ) John Wiley, New York have now produced a third edition of the old classic “soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice’ with G. Mesri added to the author's list, American price $75 In its third edition there is an expanded coverage of vibration problems, mechanics of drainage, passive earth pressure and consolidation. The publicity description remarks on the proliferation of soil mechanies research since the 2nd edition, much of which is suggested to be irrelevant to engineering practice. The aim of the two authors is to bring order out of confusion, and hope the resulting 3rd edition will maintain its place as the standard in its field, The suggested Australian price is $150 for the cloth bound edition, (Information supplied by Jacaranda Wiley). Copies of the “Proceedings of the 7th ANZ Geomechanics Conference, Adelaide, July 1996” will be available from EA Books sometime in September. The price is still to be determined but is expected to be around $150 to $160. Australian Geomechants June 196 128TROLLOPE MEDAL AWARD WINNER The Australian Geomechanics Society has pleasure in announcing that the winner of this, year's Trollope Medal is Dr D.P. Stewart for his part in the preparation of the paper: Design of piled bridge abutments on soft clay for loading from lateral soil movements by DP Stewart, RJ Jewell and MF Randolph published in Geotechnique 44 (1994), No 2, 277-298 high standard and would like to compliment all authors on the clarity of their individual | ‘The judges were unanimous in their agreement that all papers submitted were of avery | | presentations. | D.H. TROLLOPE MEDAL The list below indicates previous AGS award winners, 1987/88, Ian Swane 1990 Leigh Wardle JOHN JAEGER MEMORIAL AWARD 1992 Bastion Otto 1996 Doug Stewart 1980 Ted Davis 1984 Gordon Aitchison E.H. Davis MEMORIAL LECTURE 1988 Harry Poulos 1992 Brian Richards 1985 Barry McMahon 1996 David Stapledon, 1987 Harry Poulos 1989 Mohammed Khorshid 191 an Johnston 1993 Phillip Pells 1995 John Booker 126 If Anion Geomechanics - ne 1996By Tony Phillips With the Seventh ANZ Conference on Geomechanics nearly upon us, the first week in July 1996 could turn out to be a difficult time for clients, in Australia and New Zealand, wishing to contact their geotechnical consultants! Hopefully a dedicated few will remain at their desks to answer the phones. We are extremely fortunate that Professor Jamiolkowski, President of the International Society for Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering, has agreed to come as Keynote Speaker. This in itself is a significant coup for the Conference organisers. In addition, we understand that Dr Parry, Secretary General of ISSMFE, and Professor Sakurai, President of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, will also be in attendance. This says a lot for the prominence of Australasian geomechanics on the world scene. The conference theme - “Geomechanies in a Changing World” - seems particularly relevant, towards the end of a century that has seen more change than any other. Without in any way wishing to detract from what Professor Jamiolkowski may have to say, I have been wondering about some of the changes that I feel we should be conscious of at this time. In universities, computer modelling is undoubtedly advancing at an amazing rate. Nearly every journal contains papers based on the results of someone else’s program. The papers take a lot of reading and to the practitioner, rather than the academic, most seem convincingly plausible. Many are snapped up by software companies and, before you can say “Terzaghi”, they are available, promising the definitive answer to every technical question under the sun. The major selling point is generally that they are easier and quicker to use than ever before. Many make these claims justifiably and, for the sake of a few manhours of income, they can produce results that we could only dream of a few years ago. We all have them and use them and, as a result, a whole generation of engineers is growing up, rarely reading a text book or technical paper. Not ong ago it was this that distinguished us from, say structural engineers, who simply followed the code. The worry that I have, not a new one by any means, is that by taking this approach few really understand the limitations of the analysis they do, its inherent assumptions, and how well it represents the particular problem. With few exceptions, clients want to pay less in real terms for advice today than ever before and they want the answers faster. The computer helps by allowing impressively “confident” predictions to be made. Unfortunately, these are often based on little real data. Good information about the materials that we encounter still takes time to collect and the process costs money. Skill and care are required both in the field and the laboratory and there is still no substitute for understanding the local geology. With a few exceptions, such as the piezocone and the dilatometer, investigation and test methods have developed relatively little in recent times compared with our analytical powers. Relying on hastily-obtained test data or, worse still, guessing all those parameters required by our programs is a dangerous process - black box technology at its worst. Autraton Geomechanics June 196. 127From th an's Pen By Tony Phillips Iam a great believer in the power of the computer, but it must be used wisely and the results reviewed with a critical eye. Changes are required to the way we work. Clients must be educated to understand that reliable answers only come from good investigation and testing. Leaving this element out of the equation means they take risks with their projects, as well as us on their behalf. Academies need to concentrate on the development of quick and reliable testing methods that can be used, preferably in the field, to generate the numbers that their programs require, Failure to do this is like attempting to break the sound barrier in a Cessna! 128 | Ascraton Geomechanice June 198paca Regional Vice Presidents' Reports ISSMFE. Membership worldwide is approximately 16 500, with 605 in Australasia XIV ICSMFE, Hamburg, 1997. Six plenary sessions planned, with 16 discussion session. The Third Int. Congress on Environmental Geotechnics will be held in Portugal in 1998. Efforts are continuing to have the Swedish Geotechnical Institute data bases available as the international reference for the ISSMFE. ‘The name change to ISSMGE_ was not ratified and will again be considered at Hamburg, The XV congress in 2001 ended in a win for Turkey (23 votes) over Australia (22 votes) Next President, Harry Poulos is likely to be nominated by Australia, Max Ervin Regional Vice President No Board or Council meetings since the last report. ISRM The three Presidents (ISSMFE, ISRM, IAEG ) have put up the proposal for a joint Societies conference in the year 2000. Australia is favoured for this but may not be interested if competitive submissions are to be canvassed. ‘Three new Commissions are being established: Preservation of ‘Natural Stone Monuments; Environmental Issues in Rock Engineering: and one on rock slopes likely to be named as the Strength of Rock Joints, with Garry Mostyn as its chairperson. The 9th Congress of the ISRM is set for Paris in 1999, Atralan Geomechanics Jie 1996. 29ISSMFE Regional Vice Presidents’ Reports ISRM IAEG The ISRM is not happy with the ISSMFE considering using Geotechnical in its title. Garry would like to encourage members to write up papers for inclusion in the ISRM News Jourmal, as an opportunity to show off Australasian research and provide news articles. Please contact him if assistance is required. The National Committee is concerned at proposals by others to form an Australian Minerals and Rock Mechanics Society and the IEAust Civil College to form a National Committee on Mining. Garry Mostyn. Regional Vice-President The &th Congress of the IAEG will be in Vancouver, 21-25 IAEG September 1998, with the title “A View from the Pacific Rim’ ‘The voting on the winners for the Hans Cloos and Richard Wolters Prizes was in progress at the last Executive committee meeting , with no nominations from Australasia. ‘The proposed new bylaws are under discussion and have been circulated to National groups. The most contentious issue is the voting rights (the number of) of each National group. Warwick Prebble (NZ) Regional Vice-President 130 | Assrtion Geomechanics - Jane 1996Australian Geoscience Council This report is being written in the last fortnight of the 1996 Federal Election period, and by the time this is published, it should be much clearer which directions the Geosciences are likely to take in the next three years, In the past three months, the Australian Geoscience Council (AGC) has been active on a number of fronts. ‘TWO EARTH SCIENCE NATIONAL FACILITIES As part of the Innovation Statement, the Government announced in December 1995 funding for two National Facilities in Earth Science. One is the Australian National Seismic Imaging Resource, based in Canberra and led by Dr Barry Drummond of AGSO and Prof Brian Kennett of RSES, ANU. The other is the Airborne Research Australia facility based in South Australia at Parafield Airport, with supporting research infrastructure at Flinders University. The AGC welcomes these innovative facilities as a step in the right direction towards regenerating Australian research infrastructure, PESA REJOINS THE AGC In January, the AGC weleomed the Petroleum Exploration Society Australia (PESA) back into the Council, following an overwhelming vote of approval from our member societies. PESA, which represents more than 1,000 geoscientists within the petroleum industry, is a very welcome addition to the AGC, and broadens significantly the range of interests the Council represents. In terms of members represented, the AGC is now one of the "big three" groups in the Federation of Australian Scientific and Technological Societies (FASTS), the other two being the Australian Mathematical Sciences Council and the Royal Australian Chemical Institute. EARTH SCIENTIST IS VICE-PRESIDENT OF FASTS In November, the President attended the annual Council meeting of FASTS and the subsequent Board meeting at which Professor Richard Arculus (Geology Department, ANU) was elected as one of two Vice-Presidents of FASTS. The other Vice-President is Dr Carolyn Mountford, Institute for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Sydney. At the end of 1996, it is expected that one of the two Vice- Presidents will become President-Elect to assume office at the end of 1997, At the same meeting, Dr Joe Baker, Commissioner for the Environment ACT, was elected FASTS President. FASTS is continually developing policy, to which the AGC now has a major input Ten TOP POLICIES FOR AUSTRALIAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. The ten top policies FASTS has identified for Australian Science and Technology in the 21st Century are to: 1. Develop a national forum to help direct scientific directions of Australia FASTS urges the Government to organise a multilateral national summit to determine a national vision for Australia and national proiorities Assiation Geomechanics June 1996 J 131Australian Geoscience Council for Australia's development. sustainable 2, Set a percentage of superannuation funds for investment in R&D. The Government should build on the ideas of the Innovation Statement by earmarking a percentage of superannuation fund income for R&D investment. This would create a pool of venture capital to assist industry to develop Australian ideas. 3. Provide more secure career paths for scientists and technologists. Too many young scientists face uncertain careers on short-term funding. They need productive opportunities for long-term employment, and FASTS urges scrutiny of the present granting system with initiatives to boost employment prospects. 4 Improve protection for Australia's intellectual property. Protection of our intellectual property is as vital as its discovery and development. Patent costs should be allowable R&D expenditure for tax purposes. 5. Improve the supply of qualified science and mathematics teachers. Mathematics and science at all levels should be taught by appropriately qualified people, and the issue of teacher supply and the dwindling number of people studying to be secondary mathematics and physical 132 [J sirtion Geomechanics - June 1996 science teachers needs to be addressed. 6. Improve the infrastructure in research organisations The quality of education and research is being compromised by inadequate support for equipment, libraries, computer facilites and buildings. FASTS urges the next Government to tackle the problem of crumbling infrastructure. 7. Define a clear role for CSIRO. Government should set. broad directions for CSIRO, and allow it, and other national agencies such as AIMS and ANSTO, to determine the balance between strategic reseach and short-term contract research, 8. Provide tax concessions for private and syndicated R&D. Public and private tax-exempt research bodies should be allowed to participate in R&D syndicates; the tax concession for private sector R&D should be set at 150%. 9. Assure the quality of science education at the Tertiary level. The Government should encourage best practice in Tertiary science and mathematics education by supporting the Professional and Learned Societies in the evaluation and assessment of academic courses. 10. Include Science Minister in Cabinet.Australian Geoscience Council FASTS believes that the science portfolio should be at Cabinet level. REGISTRATION OF GEOSCIENTISTS. A lot of the AGC’s effort in the past few months has been directed towards facilitating a common approach to registration of geoscientists in Australia, The AIG has circulated for wide discussion a proposal for registration of geoscientists Meanwhile, in January the AusIMM issued an invitation to its members to apply for professional chartered status. The AGC's role has been to ensure that there is continuing discussion between the respective organisations so that registration can involve as many common features as possible, The AGC recognises the right of individual organisations to _ introduce specialist levels to suit their membership, bbut is also conscious of the community's need for a common national profession! standard which can be recognised by clients, employers, educators and governments, (GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION. Geoscience Education has been identifed as an issue of growing importance, which continues to need to be addressed on a national basis). The AGC Executive has identified that firstly there needs to be a systematic compilation of all the geoscience educational resources available, and secondly that knowledge of these resources must be made more accessible to the community. OVERSEAS TRENDS IN GOVERNMENT FUNDING FoR GEOSCIENCES The AGC notes with considerable concem the tend in many northern hemisphere countries to curtail, and in some cases diminish, their effort in basic science. In North America, the US Bureau of Mines was closed afier a century of service to the community, and, while a few of its functions were transferred to the USGS, that organisation also suffered a 20 to 30% budget cutback. The Geological Survey of Canada has also been slashed by 30% while similar moves have occurred or are being discussed in European countries. These moves against basic science are driven by the increasingly monetarist approach of Governments who are more concerned with short-term electoral appeal than the long- term health of their R&D effort Increasingly, basic research tby governmental organisations is being privatised or eliminated, and the existing governmental organisations are being redirected towards addressing environmental or regulatory issues. While these latter aspects are an important part of a Government's role, they are not its only role, and thus the scientific capability of many formerly distinguished organisations is slowly but surely being eroded. The vision of the future is rarely more than a few years, and, at the individual scientist level, motivation is one of survival rather than development of the next generation of scientific ideas and hypotheses. In Britain, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) has begun a Asaration Geomechanics June 1996 138Australian Geoscience Council “priority options review" of the British Geologcial Survey (BGS). The priority options study will be undertaken to establish “whether abolition, —_ privatisation, contractorisation (sic!) or rationalisation would be appropriate for the organisation”. It appears the government intends to make cuts in the budget, BGS has already had a staff cut of 13% in the past three years. In UNESCO, the Intemational Geological Correlation Programme is held in the highest regard by Government leaders and ambassadors as an example of intemational collaboration which crosses _ political, religious and ethnic boundaries, but even there the application of Geosciences to environmental and social issues is being increasingly emphasized. The IGCP’s new mission, Geoscience in the Service of Society, allows international collaborative projects on basic science to continue, and seeks to identify those aspects which directly benefit the welfare of Society. No longer is science supported solely because of its intrinsic value in the search for truth; now it must also be shown to have a direct benefit to Society. There are dangers in this "politically correct" attitude, because what is not specified is who determines what is beneficial to Society. The scientific community needs to be diligent in ensuring that its objectivity and impartiality do not become subverted to suit the political directions of the day These developments are not good for the intemational health of Geosciences. The Soil Survey in Britain, is reported to be producing all its new maps on computer 134 BP Ausraton Geomechanics Jane 1996 systems, With no perceived need for any new field work. Maps are as much a statement of concepts of the day as they are of factual information, and thus, if the reports are true, the British Soil Survey will be stuck in a time warp from which it will emerge only when more enlightened views prevail OPPORTUNITIES FOR AUSTRALIA The focus of international geoscientific research seems to be moving away from the western northern hemisphere countries. This presents Australia with an unparalleled opportunity to become a leading international provider of _geoscientific services. Not only do we have the capability to develop University courses equal to the best in the world, but we also have governmental and industrial knowledge which will be increasingly hard to find in the northern hemisphere in the next decade or two. Our challenge is to capitalise on this, to increase the nation's investment in basic and strategic geosciences, so that we become the geoscientific centre of the world, We need to convince the Australian community, and the politicians, that the road ahead is not to follow the northern hemisphere into a declining state of knowledge, but to take up the challenge to be the leader. The long- term commercial and political advantages will repay many times the modest investment which needs to be maintained in the short- to medium-term. CMcA. Powell President, AGCFASTS Report BENEFITS OF MEMBERSHIP OF FASTS The prime objectives of the Federation of Australian Scientific and Technological Societies (FASTS) are: to encourage scientific dialogue between industry, government, and the S&T community; to foster closer relations between the member societies; and to promote _ public understanding of science. Some specific examples. of _ how membership benefits members of the Australian geoscience community are: 1. Participation a nationally prominent, peak representational body Our federal and state governments like talking to bodies which clearly represent a broad range of interests - this reduces the number of lobbyists government has to deal with, and FASTS wields considerable scientific clout. Politicians and public servants recognise policies from groups such as FASTS represent a balanced point of view in which relatively narrow interests, of one sector have already been weighed against others, FASTS represents the views of working scientists and technologists, from industry, education and research. Policy is forwarded on behalf of all the groups under the FASTS umbrella. The value of a membership of FASTS lies in the opportunity to participate in larger-scale policy making forums and to interact with other members. FASTS’ Policy Document was launched at Parliament House in June this year, and has helped shape the debate on science policy. From this document, a “Top Ten Policies” were released (see the President's Quarterly Report) for consideration by the Labour Government and Opposition parties - and has clearly had influence in the formulation of the election policy of the Coalition at least. 2, Submissions to _government committees, inquiries and boards FASTS regularly makes submissions to government. Preparation of a specific document is usually handled by one Board or Exec! member, and all other members are automatically invited to participate in the process. FASTS also alerts members to the existence of an inquiry to allow them to make a submission if they wish These submissions reflect the broad range of interests that PASTS represents. If an organisation is involved in the on-going dialogue in FASTS, its point of view will become part of the culture of the organisation and taken into account in all submissions. Currently, a major concer for geoscience is the development of a marine science policy. Astaion Geomechanics ane 1998. 13SFASTS Report 3. A visible face for science FASTS has an active policy of encouraging media coverage of science - for example, the national launch of the policy document at Parliament House in Canberra in June “95 attracted media coverage in all major papers, and has an ongoing program through ‘96. A positive media image for science is in the interests of all science policy organisations. It will help dispel some of the negative attitudes young Australians have about the subject, and promotes science as a rewarding career. Prof Richard Arculus Vice President FASTS 136 J Aniraion Geomechonics- ame 1996State Newcastle Group Chairperson Mark Delaney University of Newcastle Secretary ‘Stephen Fityus University of Newcastle ‘Treasurer Bruce Grayson Grayson Geotechnical Committee Phillip Hitchcock Scott Sloan Mark Allmann Steve Moreton Stephen Jones University of Newcastle University of Newcastle University of Newcastle Coffey and Partners Douglas and Partners REPORT ON YEARLY ACTIVITIES December, 1995 In-situ Measurement of Sand Modulus Dr Peter Brown, Dept. of Civil and Mining Engineering, University of Sydney After brief reference to the principal objections to the flat plate test for the measurement of modulus, the characteristics of the screw plate test were discussed. Consideration of the deficiencies of the screw plate and their causes has led to a modified form of screw plate which appears to minimise the problems. March 1996 Recent Advances in Landfill Design Dr Kerry Rowe, Chair and Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, the University of Western Ontario, Canada. eports The talk highlighted a number of recent advances relevant to landfill design. New understanding regarding ~—_—leachate characteristics and, in particular, the degradation of volatile organic compounds was discussed in the context of the design of barrier systems. The role of composite liners (geomembrane and clay) was examined with respect to research into the diffusion of contaminants through geomembranes. Finally the findings from recent field and laboratory studies into the clogging of leachate collection systems was summarised and the design implications discussed. April, 1996 Recent Studies Relating to the Shrink- Swell Index Test Stephen Fityus, University of Newcastle The shrink-swell test is commonly used to predict the amount of soil surface movement. The talk presented the results of two studies undertaken by research students in the Geotechnical Research Group of the Dept. Engineering and Surveying, University of Newcastle The first involved the collation of a comprehensive data base of shrink-swell test results from the lower Hunter region. A total of 902 results from local consultants and the University were assembled into the data base. Using this data, trends in soil reactivity, sample origin, testing rate and depth of testing were examined. The Atration Geomechanics June 196 137State Newcastle Group reactivity of the Neweastle and Tomage coal measures were compared and attempts were made to establish a useable correlation between the J, and the saturated moisture content. ‘The second study examined the effect of initial moisture content on the reactivity of remoulded clay samples. Two sets of homogonised remoulded samples were prepared to different initial moistures and tested. The effects of sample remoulding were also considered. REMAINING 1996 PROGRAM Seminars July Unsaturated Soils Aug Settlement at Lenaghans Drive Aug The Great Aswan Dam Project Sept Acid Sulphate Soils Oct Slurry Cut-off Walls Nov Piezocones Short Courses Sept/Oct _ Retaining Walls Phillip Hitchcock Chairperson 138 | usration Geomechonics- ne 1996 eports Sydney Group SYDNEY GROUP REPORT 1996 Chairman Prof. John Carter Uni. Sydney Sch.of Civil & Mining Eng Ph 351 2109, 351 3923 Fax 351 3343 Secretary Andrew Leventhal LongMac Associates Crows Nest Ph 439 4033 Fax 436 0606 Committee: Peter Andrews, Douglas Partners Henk Buys, Arup Geotechnies Beb de Wit, Maunsell Prof. Robin Fell, Uni. NSW Charles Fitchardinge, Golder Stephen Gamble, Frankipile Brett Hawkins, Jeffery & Kataukas Jack Hodgson, Hodgson Consults. Garry Mostyn, Uni. NSW Dr. Tony Philips, Arup Geotechnics Prof Harry Poulos, Coffey Prins A/Prof. John Small, Uni. Sydney Geoff Young, Douglas Partners AGS National Committee Reps Dr. Tony Phillips Chairman Mr Garry Mostyn Past Chairman Prof John Carter NSW MemberState Sydney Group Highlights during the first half of 1996 have included the following: 1. A presentation in February on Landslide Risk Assessment given by Robin Fell and Peter Finlay. The speakers introduced a novel approach to this problem and illustrated the method using a significant body of data for slopes in Hong Kong. 2.Andy Lucas and Jim Shooter each described a different aspect of trenchless technology at the March meeting.. These included applications in Australia of directional drilling techniques and microtunnelling using laser guidance systems, as well as an application of the technology to slope stabilisation in Sri Lanka. 3.In April, Harry Poulos described the major problems involved in the design of piled rafts,and illustrated the talk with several case studies of major raft foundations. 4.The ‘echnical meeting in May was held jointly with the Environmental Engineering Branch,where the speaker David Williams from Waste Services, NSW, described the Castleragh Waste Management Centre. A detailed descriptionwas given of the waste management practices used at the site, as well as eports an overview of the site geology .associated investigations, and monitoring. 5. In June, John Braybrooke addressed a joint meeeting with AUCTA, and talked about the problems of tunnelling in weak rock. The presentation drew on John’s vast experience with over 60 tunnelling projects in Australia. Special lecture: ‘The Sydney Group, in conjunetion with the Centre for Geotechnical Research at the University of Sydney, has been fortunate to arrange a visit by Prof. M Jamiolkowski, Prersident of ISSMFE. Prof. Jamiolkowski will stop over in Sydney on route to the 7th ANZ Conference on Geomechanics in Adelaide, where he will be the keynote speaker. His Sydney talk will be “Remarks on the Design of Bored Piles in Sand” , to be given on Monday 24th June at the University of Sydney FUTURE MEETINGS: 14 Aug - Kooragang Coal Terminal Expansion Kim Chan, Geoff McKay Bob Batchelder Ausiration Geomechanics Je 1986 139State eports Sydney Group 11 Sept - Hydrogeological Henk Buys & Greg Won Assessment of Lake Len Drury, Cowal Development 13 Nev - Chairman’s Address Prof John Carter 9 Oct - Reinforced Embankments on Soft Soils 140 | Asiration Geomechaics- ine 1996State South Australian Group S.A. GROUP Chair Don Carneron - University of SA Honorary Secretary Mark Jaksa - Univeisity of Adelaide Treasurer Richard Herrarnan - Agency of Road Transport Membership/Publicity Ed Collingham - 8.4, Water Nick Watkins - Mines and Energy, S.A. Members Peter Brown - Coffey Partners Int. Richard Cavagnaro - Golder Associates Roger Grounds - Coffey Partners Int. Peter Mitchell - Rust PPK Consultants Alan Moon - Golder Associates John Woodburn - Soil Mechanics Instrumentation REPORT ON RECENT MEETINGS: November 20,1995 - Visitors Night Please find me a track for an 110 km/h vehicle Peter Brown, Coffey Partners International Pry Lid, S.A. Office February 19, 1996 - Variability of Keswick Clay Mark Jaksa, The University of Adelaide March 18, 1996 - South Australia's First Incrementally Launched Bridge Richard Herraman, Peter Wilson and Geoff Dodd, Dept. of Transport; and Chris MeDonald, Built Environs. April 15, 1996 - Earthquake Susceptibility of Adelaide Soils Prof. Harry Poulos, Coffey Partners Intemational and University of Sydney May 16, 1996- (Combined meeting with Footings Group) Reclaimed Land eports Peter Mitchell, Rust PPK Consultants June 17, 1996 -Testing and Monitoring of Unsaturated Soils John Woodburn, Soil Mechanics Instrumentation June 28, 1996 - Update on Leaning Tower of Pisa Prof. Michele Jamiolkowski, President, ISSMFE August 19, 1996 -Revisiting the 7th ANZ Conference on Geomechanics Various Speakers September 16, 1996 - Annual Half-Day Seminar - Expansive Soils Various Speakers M. B. Jaksa, Honorary Secretary. Awsiration Geomechanics une 1996. 141State Tasmanian Group Chair David Brett Thompson & Brett (002 44 6633 ) Deputy Chair Rick Donaldson Mines Dept. (002 33 $330) Secretary John Davies HEC (002 30 5655) Committee Tom Bowling HEC (002 30 5642) Randal Colman HEC (002 30 5381) Brian Cousins Dept. Civil & Mech. Eng. U of T, (002 20 2116) Bram Knoop HEC (002 30 5397) David Wilson HEC (002 30 5389) Ralph Rallings Dept of Transport (002 33 8784) Representatives AGS Nat. Committee J. Davies AGS Nat. Committee ( IEAust. Rep.) T Bowling Meetings Planned for 1996 11 March (joint meeting with AusIMM) Underground Mininmg Operations at Queenstown ,Western Tasmania. Tony Weston, Copper Mines of Tasmania 17 April (joint meeting with AusIMM) Land-based Waste Disposal G Nolan, Clarence City Council, I Sanderson, Pasminco Metals-EZ, G.Hawes, Pascinco Mining-Rosebery 142 | Autatin Geomechanics - June 1996 15 July Foundations of the Crown Casino, Melbourne. Max Ervin,Golder Associates 2 September Trade Night 4November AGM Princess Creek Tailings Dam for Cooper Mines of Tasmania. Queenstown. David Brew, Thompson & Brett Consulting EngineersState Queensland Group QUEENSLAND COMMITTEE Chairperson Dr John Simmons Vice- Chairperson Rob Day Secretary Michael Neighbour Jay Ameratunga John Beal Bevan Boyce Beng Cheah Burt Look Robert Morphet (AGS Nat. Comm. Rep.) David Stewart AlProf David Williams Peter Davis Dr Brian Richards Murray Geale Sherwood Geotechnical & Research Services ph: 3278 1060 fax: 3278 1004 Maunsell Pty Ltd ph: 3371 4533 fax: 3371 4262 Douglas Partners Pty Ltd ph: 3252 1236 fax: 3252 4684 Coffey Partners International Pty Ltd Engineering Geology Services Queensland University of Technology Dames & Moore Pty Ltd Queensland Transport Golder Associates Pty Lid Brisbane City Council The University of Queensland Ullman & Nolan Pty Lid Consultant Soil Surveys Engineering Pty Ltd eports 1996 TECHNICAL MEETINGS February, 1996 ‘The Effect of Volumetrically Active Clay on the Performance of Roadway Embankments Burt look, Dept. of Transport March, 1996 Piling Seminar - based on the AS2159- 1995 Piling Code Rob Day, Maunsell Pty Ld Rob Fraser, Golder Associates Glen Hooper, Connell Wagner John Wagstaff, Wagstaff Piling April, 1996 Geotechnical Aspects of the Lantau and Airport Railway in Hong Kong Andy Houghton, Douglas Partners May, 1996 Joint Meeting with Geological Society June, 1996 Australia’s First Deep Bentonite Cut-Off Trench Glen Truscott - GHD uration Geomechanies-June 1996 183State Victorian Group 1996 VICTORIAN COMMITTEE Chairman Dr Bill Bamford Uni of Melbourne Secretary Peter Fry Civil Geotechnical Services ‘Treasurer Dr Jayantha Kodikara Vic. Uni of Technology Committee Don Raisbeck Kinhill Engineers Dr Julian Seidel Monash University DrSandy Bennett Connell Wagner Geoff Byrne Dames & Moore Andrew Campbell Maunsell Drlan Johnston Vic. Uni of Tech. Peter McDonald Douglas Partners Tan McKenzie Beveridge Williams Ian Pedler Coffey Partners int. Peter Thornton Golder Associates Ms Heather Wardlaw MPA Williams Ass. Terry McKinley Geo-Eng Australia Ex Officio Dr Chris Haberfield Monash University Brian Chandler Maunsell 144 | Austraton Geomechanies Sure 1996 eports REPORT ON RECENT MEETINGS 15 November 1995 E.H. Davis Memorial Lecture Effective Use of Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, ProfJ.R. Booker The lecture was attended by in excess of 35 people and included Mrs Kitty David and her son. It was followed by a formal dinner and drinks. Prof Booker spoke on the “Application of Plasticity Theory to Geotechnical Engineering”. A copy of the paper was presented in the December 1995 issue of Australian Geomechanics. An added highlight of the evening was the after- dinner speaker, Prof Bill Coaldrake, who shared his experiences in building traditional Japanese castles 14 February, 1996 Advances in Rock Reinforcement Practice and Design and Installation of Micropiles Chris Windsor, Rock Technology Research Jeff MacLeod, Geotechnical Engineering Chris Windsor presented an informative talk on three aspects associated with the innovation and improvements in rock reinforcement practice. The aspects addressed included the development and implementation of existing technology, the development and transfer of new technology and the development of future technology. Jeff MacLeod presented an interesting and informative talk on the design and installation of micropiles based on his firm’s extensive experience in their construction.State Victorian Group The meeting was attended by in excess of 40 people. 13 March 1996 Recent Developments in Geotechnical Instrumentation John Lakeland, Geotechnical Systems Australia Pty Lid John described the development and application of a new system for surface subsidence monitoring and subsurface subsidence prediction. The meeting was attended by approximately 40 people and a number of questions were generated at the end of the presentation addressing other aspects of instrumentation associated with geotechnical applications, 1996 MEETINGS 10 April Building on Coode Island Silt ‘A half day seminar in conjunction with the Structural Branch. 8 May Student Meeting at Monash University 26 June Eminent Speaker - Dr Jamoloski 5 July To be finalised 15 August Eminent Speaker - Dr Nick Barton eports 11 September Health and Safety Issues in Geomechanics 9 October Piling and Retaining Walls Half Day Seminar 13 November Chairman’s Address Peter Fry Secretary Ansraton Geomechanics une 1996. 45State Western Australian Group 1996 COMMITTEE Chairman Mark Randolph University of WA Secretary Peter Lilly CSIRO Exploration and Mining Committee Members Fred Baynes Golder Associates Mel Birkinshaw = GFWA Steve Brice Geological Survey, WA Martin Fahey University of WA David Foulsham Soil & Rock Engineering Paul Hefer Advanced Geomechanics Stuart Masterson MPA Williams Assocs. Elio Novello Dames & Moore Trevor Osborne MPA Williams Assocs. Harry Speight CSIRO Exploration and Mining Pieter Zwaan Golder Associates REPORT ON RECENT MEETINGS July 4, 1995 Grouted Driven Piles in Caleareous Soils Mr Upali Gunasena, The University of Western Australia The talk discussed a systematic small scale laboratory test program undertaken at UWA to explore the grouting operation of piles driven into calcareous soil, and the resulting shaft friction. The research has investigated 146 | Aniratan Geomechanics - Jane 1996 the effect of the cementation level in the soil on grout coverage and shaft friction. As a result, a new design formula has been established that shows an increasing ratio of shaft friction to cone resistance as the soil becomes weeker. This has important implications for the use of grouted piles in shallow, lightly cemented calcareous deposits. August 8, 1995 Probability and Geomechanics: Why, What and How Dr Peter Lilly, Division of Mining and Exploration, CSIRO Dr Lilly provided an overview of probablistic risk analysis in geotechnical engineering, showing illustrative _ case histories from soil and rock engineering. It offered answers to questions such as: Why is this type of analysis needed? What does the analysis involve? How is probability failure derived? How do you interpret probability of failure and reliability? How does probability of failure relate to ‘factor of safety"? September 12, 1995 Recent Developments in In-situ testing: Experiences from UK and Norway Dr Nigel Nutt, BHP Engineering (formerly Oxford University and Norwegian Geotechnical Institute) Discussions included the role of in-situ testing, bringing together the strengths and limitations of many standard tests, and specific developments associated with testing at low stresses by various methods.Western Australian Group Such work has application to foundation design for submarine pipelines. The presentation also focused on the cone pressuremeter and its potential to measure strength, stiffiness and lateral stress in soils, September 21, 1995 In Praise of Limestone Mr Ray Gordon, Gordon Geological Consultants Wind-blown cemented sands. and benchrocks. such as those found in Fremantle Harbour, were discussed in terms of geology, properties and problems. The talk also evaluated other local limestone scenery. fossil soils, karst and coral reefs. October 26, 1995 GFWA Prize Night Following the last of the final year project seminars, two representatives were chosen to represent UWA and two from Curtin University in the GFWA Prize Competition The presentations for the evening were all of a high standard and generated a lot of interest. The GFWA prize was won by Nathan Richardson of Curtin University, with a paper entitled “Investigation into the use of thin. mud layers to aid dust suppression and increase drying rate at Aloca’s Kwinana residue disposal site” November 14, 1995 - AGM and Technical Talk: Soil Reinforcement Across Two Continents Prof Arun Valsangkar, University of New Brunswick/Jacques Whitford and Associates and Mr Trevor Osborne, M.P.A, Williams and Associates Professor Valsangkar presented details of construction and monitoring of a reinforced soil wharf structure at Newcastle, New Brunswick. Of particular interest was the fact that the structure was constructed in part below water level. Mr Osborne discussed experience of soil nailing in projects in Western Australia. February 2, 1996 Working at Limiting Equilibrium: A Mining Related Case History Dr Harry Speight Dr Speight’s talk on slope stability analysis and design included a case history relating to an easter Goldfields mine, where a design factor of safety of less than 1.1 was recommended. This was justified on the basis of a commitment to comprehensive monitoring and safe mine operating procedures that recognised the risk of instability. The low factor of safety was supported by results of rigorous back- analysis, and detailed recommendations regarding monitoring and mining. The mine ‘was subsequently worked successfully, even under quite severe weather conditions. Astration Geomecharcs Jie 196 J 47State Western Australian Group March 12, 1996 The Port Hedland HBI Project: An Overview with a Focus on Geotechnical Challenges Simon Doig and Nigel Nutt BHP Direct Reduced Iron Pty Ltd has commenced site work for its $1.5 billion Hot Briquetted Iron (HBI) project at Port Hedland. The presentation included a broad outline of the project and progress to-date and highlighted some of the more interesting geotechnical aspects including the under harbour tunnel. Peter Lil Secretary 148] Ausiration Gromechanice- June 1996 eportsState Kalgoorlie Group COMMITTEE: Chairman Ted Szwedzicki WA School of Mines Members Peter Mikula Kalgoortie Consolidated Gold Mines Gary Auld ‘Westen Mining Corp. Wilson Feltus Newerest Mining (MEMBERSHIP Membership is believed to be about 10 and attendances at meetings are between 17 and 30. ‘TECHNICAL MEETINGS 30 November, 1995 Geotechnetal Aspects of Ora Banda Mass Blast Wilson Feltus, Newcrest Mining 19 March, 1996 Numerical Modelling in Mining Geomechanics in Japan Professor Jiro Yamatomi, University of Tokio, Japan 28 March, 1996 Rock Mechanics: The Way Ahead in Research and in Practice Professor J.A. Hudson, Imperial College, UK eports MENGSc Course The group has been actively involved with organisation of the third session of the program leading to the degree of MEngSe in Mining Geomechanics (16 March to § April 1996). The MEngSe program (by ‘The courses offered during the third session have been completed by eight students. The lectures were given on “Numerical Moving” by Chris Windsor and Dr Allan “Practical © Numerical Hudson and onaliy and Risk in Geomechanics” by Dr P. Lilly. Tad Szwedzicki Chairman Autre Goomechnes-oe 16 000Stan Currently the AGS has representatives on ten SA Committees. These are: CE9 Testing of Soils for Engineering Purposes Doug Goad (03) 819 4044 CE12 Aggregates Patrick McGregor (02) 955 1222 CEIS5 Site Investigations Tony Phillips (02) 261 1633 CEI8 Piling Jim Millar (02) 879 6463 Brian Chandler (03) 653 1234 Mark Randolph (09) 380 3075 CE20 Geotextiles Manfred Hausmann (02) 330 1990 BD25 Footings and Foundations ‘Sukumar Pathmanandavel (02) 929 0520 CE26 Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts Peter Mitchell (08) 364 5733 CE27 Earthworks Charles Fitzhardinge (08) 364 2777 CE28 Testing, Pumping and Water Wells Bob Newman (08) 226 2510 CE32_ Reinforced Soils and Retaining Structures Patrick Wong (02) 888 7444 150 | Assraan Geomechanics - ine 1996 stralia Summaries of Standards Committee activities are included below. Anyone with concerns about a standard should contact the AGS representative on the code committee directly. REPORTS RECEIVED CeO Revision of Nuclear Gauge methods. Public comment closed in July 1995 and the group met in March 1996 to review these comments and prepare for publication. Sampling. The following Standards are to be prepared:- 8.1.1 Sampling of Soils - Disturbed samples 8.12 Sampling of Soils - Undisturbed samples 8.2.1 Sampling of Soils - Selection of sampling or test sites - Random Number Method. 8.2.2 Sampling of Soils - Selection of sampling or test sites - Stratified Random Number Method. Repeated Load Triaxial Testing AS1289.6.8.1: published in March 1995. Soil Classification Test Methods: published in December 1995: 3.5.1 Particle Density 3.6.1 Particle Size Distribution 3.6.2 Particle Size Subsidiary Method 3.7.1 Sand Equivalent Revised drafts and comments have led to the decision to complete the revision of thefollowing standards, and to subsequently investigate more modern methods: 4.1.1 Organic Matter, 4.2.1 Sulphate Content, 4.3.1. pH Standard, 4.4.1 Resistivity. C.BR. 6.1.1,6.1.2,6.1.3. These revised standards are out for public review and due to the significant changes proposed, a second public review is to be held, Vane Shear Strength: Public comment closed in May 1995 with considerable input from NATA. A postal ballot draft is being prepared. Shear Box Test: Issued for public comment. Penetration Resistance: 6.3.2. 9kg Penetrometer 6.3.3 Perth Sand Penetrometer: Public comment closed July 1995. Publication soon. Triaxial Tests: 6.4.1 L/D triaxial without PP measurement, 6.4.2 U/D triaxial PP measurement, Public comment received and postal ballot drafts being prepared Permeability Tests: 6.7.1 Constant Head, 6.7.2 Falling Head, 6.7.3 Triaxial. 6.7.1 is to be updated-and drafts prepared for the other new methods. All three will be processed concurrently. Proposed New Projects Soil Chemical Test Methods: SAA has graned approval for this project dealing with pH, soil resistivity and dispersion. Approval is sought to prepare a standard for the Clegg Impact Apparatus. Douglas Goad CE/9 Committee Member E12 Recent drafts available for public comment include: 1141.18, .22, .26, .30, .51, .53, .70, 72.5 2758.2, 5,7. 1141.25, 26, 70 have been circulated for postal ballot Cee The New Australian Piling Code, AS2159 was published in August 1995. One amendment has been published relating to how the limit state method for timber structures relates. 10 AS1720. The commentary, Guidelines on Piling, has also been published (a_—_ non-mandatory document). ce/27 The revision to AS3798 is about to be published, Awtrlion Geomechanics ne 1998 181ISSMFE T ommittees REPRESENTATION FROM AUSTRALIA Committee Name TCl InstrumentationforGeotechnicalMonitori No Representative ng Tc2 CentrifugeTesting Prof. M-F. Randolph Tes Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering No Representative TCs EnvironmentalGeotechnics Mr. R. Parker Te UnsaturatedSoils Dr. B. Richards TCT TailingsDams Prof. R. Fell Teo GeotextilesandGeosyntheties A/Prof. M. Haussmann TC10 Geophysical Site Characterisation Dr. BobWhiteley TC1i — Landstides Prof, R. Fell TC 12 Validation of Computer Simulation Dr. J. Carter TC14—- MechanicsofGranularMaterials No Representative TC1S PEAT No Representative TC16 — GroundProperty Characterisation from Dr. M. Fahey In-situ Testing TC17 Ground Improvement A/Prof. M. Haussmann TCI8 PileFoundations Prof. H. G. Poulos TCI9 —_ Preservation of HistoricSites No Representative TC20 Professional Practice Mr. D. Starr Dr. A. Phillips TC22 —_Indurated Soils and Soft Rocks No Representative TC23 —_LimitStateDesigninGeotechnicalEnginee Mr. G. Mostyn ring TC24 —_SoilSampling No Representative TC25 Tropical and Residual Soils Dr. L. D. Wesley (NZ) Dr. J. V. Simmons TC26 —_Callcareous Sediments - I Dr. T. Abbs AlProf R. Jewell - Chairman Dr. J. Carter Dr M. Horshid - Secretary Mr. R. Gordon . Dr. A. Price TC28 Underground Construction in Soft No Representative Ground TC29 —Stress-StrainTesting of Geomaterials in Dr. D. Airey the Laboratory TC30 Coastal Geotechnical Engineering No Representative TC311 Education in Geotechnical Engineering Prof HG Poulos (Chairman) 152 J Ausraion Geomechanics - sine 1996TC16 The most tecent meeting was held in Sweden in October 1995 and the following information obtained from the meeting minutes. A conference on site characterisation is to be held in Atlanta,Georgia during April 1998,(see Geodiary) over a three day period, with a possible fourth day for field demonstrations. Working party on pressuremeters (Mai Fahey) A report by the old TC27 committee was nearing completion, and, aliowing 8 months for comment, the final report should be published for the XIV Congress in Hamburg in September 1997 Working party on push-in devices, The party plans to concentrate on updating the Intemational Reference test procedure for the CPT and include a fuller tratment of the CPTU test. Test procedures without interpretation would be the main task, with presentation at the Hamburg conference Working party on dilatometers. After discussion, it was suggested the task group should work towards providing a report on the flat dilatometer ( Marchetti type) covering all aspects from historical background, through equipment and specification.and finally the current status on interpretation. The first task would be to draft an International Reference Test Procedure (IRTP) in time for Hamburg. ommittees The committee is investigating putting TC 16 information on the Internet but some practical problems had still to be worked out. A report was also made on the work of Euro Code committee TC250/SC7 Pt 3 - ‘Geotechnical design assisted by insitu testing’ dealing with field tests. A final draft of their report was to be completed by November 1995 with the formal vote to occur 12 months later. The report will supply the basic or ~~ minimum requirements for equipment, test procedures and interpretation for good design. Ausraon Geomechaics-Jume 1996 153Friendly, informative, relaxed, fun and fruitful. These are words which could be used to describe the Second Australia/New Zealand Young Gotechnical Professionals Conference. Thirty delegates gathered at the University of Auckland in early December for the three day conference. The Conference undoubtedly achieved its aims which included the following: © to foster an increased understanding between young geotechnical engineers and geological professionals # to develop close links between those in academic research and others working in the consulting industry « to provide an appreciation of the range of work undertaken by others of a similar age and experience * to provide an opportunity to meet and get to know your peers throughout the region and to develop an active interest in the geotechnical affairs of the region. The conference was held in O"Roche Hall at the University of Auckland with all delegates living in for three days It was an excellent setting with proximity to the city and gardens and spectacular views of the harbour, It had the three essentials to make any real estate agent green with envy = location location, location! Formal proceedings involved each delegate giving a 10 minute presentation followed by question time. The presentation was 184 | Ausratin Geomechonte- une 1996 Report on 2nd ANZ Young Geotechnical Professionals’ Conference November 28 - December 2, 1995 complemented by @ written paper of up to six pages in length which was published in a limited proceedings. Both the presentation and paper provided invaluable experience in preparing and delivering a message on a technical theme, and greatly helped in the transfer of experience between delegates. The range of topics reflects the broad experience of the young professionals present including bored piles in Adelaide's expansive clay, geological hazard zonation, slope instability and liquefaction. Friday aftemoon was set aside for a field trip in the Auckland area and provided an interesting insight into the geology of the ‘Auckland region as well as a first hand look at some current projects. Auckland is romantically nicknamed the City of Sails. Maybe it could equally be referred to as the City of Scoria Cones and the Waitemata Group. I'm not too sure it has the same tourist appeal! Of particular interest during the trip was a visit to an operational quarry which gave an excellent cross-sectional view of a scoria cone showing the variety of materials present. We also inspected a major construction site in downtown ‘Auckland, The project involved a two-level basement with temporary retention provided by soil nail walls. Interesting the contractor was responsible for design as well as construction of the soil nail wall The geotechnical consultant only recommended design parameters of cohesion and friction angle of the subsurface materials. ‘There was 10requirement to recommend adhesion parameters. The egde of a basalt flow ran through the site. The building was supported in part on pads founded on the weathered basalt rock and in part on 15 m bored piles in the Waitemata Group Sandstone. There was also some pending litigation to do with a failed slope and alleged associated distress in an adjacent building. Apparently, the field investigation, had failed to identify the presence of near surface variable fill in which the failure occured. It highlighted the need for attention to details and diligence during field investigations. Social functions included an excellent spit roast in the local gardens on a perfect balmy night and the conference dinner at a ‘Thai restaurant accompanied by some of the fine local wines. These occasions as well as informal socialising were excellent opportunities to swap and share stories and experiences and generally bond with the other delegates. Of interest were the following: * an insight into the life of a university postgraduate with issues such as funding, university networking, the Internet as an information resource, trying out new and sometimes user unfriendly software and overcoming problems and hiccups in a research program. * differences and similarities in the nature of consulting businesses in the two countries. The New Zealand Report on 2nd ANZ Young Geotechnical Professionals’ Conference November 28 - December 2, 1995 geotechnical consultant appears to be predominantly part of oa multidiseiplinary engineering company. This is in contrast to the many specialised geotechnical consultancies in Australia, The New Zealand geotechnical engineer appears to have more opportunity to have active input throughout planning, _ investigation, design, specification and construction phases of a project. This continuity is often difficult to achieve with distinct discipline consultancies in Australia, Structural/civil engineers are sometimes reluctant to liaise closely — with geotechnical consultants through the whole project. For example, there is often scope in Australia for closer interaction during design, specification and construction of a project. differences and similarities. in organisational structure. and responsibilities between consultants. Woodward Clyde Limited have introduced a very flat management structure with every employee able to take an active part in many facets of the business. All staff have time allocated for facets such as marketing and input into the company business plan. the complexity and enormity of the Clyde Dam project in southern New Zealand. It included an almost unlimited budget to _ investigate, instrument, design and construct stabilising measures to the 8 million cubic metre Caimmuir Landslide Airaton Geomechanics-June 1996 ASSReport on 2nd ANZ Young Geotechnical Professionals’ Conference November 28 - December 2, 1995 © sharing stories, situations which in hindsight are on the lighter side of the profession, For example, greenies disrupting field investigations by tipping water into drilling rig fuel tanks and chaining themselves to drill rigs. Or coring through a concrete slab only to find the core slipping and falling only centimetres away from previously unknown Ferrari cars in a workshop. Should the borehole log have read concrete slab above void above red metal above upholstery above void above leather ete...? In summary, it was an excellent conference that contributed to the professional development of all those present. It also built considerably on the success of the first conference in Sydney in 1994. It provided an excellent opportunity to gain a perspective of where we fit into the picture and expand our contracts and horizons in the profession Special thanks should go to the assistance of the sponsors (Woodward Clyde Limited, Foundation Engineering _Limited, Earthquake Commission and Maccaferri Gabions New Zealand Limited) and to the organising committee of Warwick Prebble, Michale Pender, Sergei Terzaghi who were admirably led by Maurice Fraser. Also recogntion should go to both the Australian and New Zealand Geomechanics Societies for their generous support. DJ Richardson, Golder Associates 186 [J Ausrtion Geomechanics Jane 1998International Conference on Geomechanics/ Ground Control in Mining & Underground Construction Wollongong, NSW, 14-17 July, 1998 Invitations are extended to interested parties to submit 250 to 300 word abstracts on the following themes Geology and geosciences Site explorations Fundamental rock mechanics Pillar design Roadway stability Underground support systems Longwall mining Abstract submission date Acceptance notification Paper submission date Paper acceptance Please forward ABSTRACTS to: Dr Buddhima indraratna Conference Secretary Dept, of Civil & Mining Engineering University of Wollongong Woloongong. NSW Australia 2522 Fax (+61)42 213 238 aziz@uow.edu.au e-mail b indraratna@uow.edu.au Subsidence and control Jointfracture mechanics Instrumentation & monitoring Dynamic phenomena (gas and rock outbursts) Water inflow and dewatering Excavation technologies Oct. 1996 March 1997 Nov. 1997 Feb. 1998 For further information call: Assoc.Prof, Naj Aziz Conference Chairperson (same address) Tek: (+61)42 213 449 Fax: (+61)42 213 238 e-mail: naj aziz@uow.edu.au Australi Geomechoics- ne 1996 18707H Inte VATIONAL GEOLOGICAL Concsess DTH AUSTRALIAN TUNNELING CONFERENCE: “BREANG New GROUND” ISRM INTERNATIONAL ‘SYMEOSIM ON "PREDICTION AND PERFORMANCEIN ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING’ STH INTERNATONAL, CCONAENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF STRESS ‘Wave THEORY TO Pus Geodiary Conferences, Courses, Seminars, Symposia, Workshops AUGUST4-14, 1996 Beijing, China ‘Themes: Wide ranging programme includes symposia on structural geology and geomechanics Engineering geology; Hydrogeology and environmental geology. Contact: Secretariat Bureau, 30th International Geological Congress, PO Box 823. Beijing 100037, P.R. China. AUGUST 27 - 29,1996 Sydney ‘The Conference will focus on key issues confronting the development of underground space in Australia and the Asian region, Of interest to planners, builders, developers, financial institutions and specialists in underground construction and mining. ‘Submission of Papers: Abstracts: July 31, 1995 and Papers March 15, 1996. Contact: Conference Secretaria, Professional Conference Management P/L, POBOx 547, Manly. NSW 2095.Tel:08-976324S Fax:02-9770336 Or Allan Henderson Tel:02-3506400 Fax:029082044. SEPTEMBER 2-5, 1996 Torino. Italy Topics: Fundamental aspects in rock mechanics and rock engineering; near surface rock engineering: rock engineering at depth; environmental rock engineering. Workshops in rock mass modelling modelling large scale naturel phenomena; fluid-rock interaction in seturated and partially saturated media; risk assessment. Enquiries: EUROCK'6-Organising Committee, cloAGI-Associazone Geotecnical Italiana via Baglivi, 5.00198 Roma, taly, Fax: ++39(6)44249274 SEPTEMBER 11-13. 1996 Orlando, USA. ‘Themes: Wave mechanics and application to pile driving analysis; stress wave analysis, high and low strain dynamic pile testing; NDT methods applied to deep foundations; testing equipment and methodologies; case histories. Language: English, Contact: Mohamad Hussein, Conference Secretary - STRESS-WAVE96, clo GRL and Associates, 8008 South Orange Avenue, Orlando, Florida, 32809 USA. Tel:407-826-9539. Fax:407-826-4747. 188 IL Assiration Geomechanics ine 196IhTEINATIONAL Syuposust oN THE INRUENCE CF PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE OF Eurocone 1, Grorececat oF5GN InTinvaTIONAL SyMPOsUM on GEOTECHNICAL EnIeeRING/PeeservaTION. (OF MONUMENTS AN HsroRc ses IrtemiarionaL Swweosti4 ‘ON MINNG, SCENCE AND TecHnoLogy Inteanional Symposium ON Sastc/ENVRONMENTAL ‘AsrECTS oF Dams DESGN, Eason, CONCRETE & Tans Dans IntenwaTiONaL Conngrence (On Us anv ENGAEERING 1 ‘Asan CIS IN THE 2157 cexmuty Geodiary Conferences, Courses, Seminars, Symposia, Workshops SEPTEMBER 30 - OCTOBER 2, 1996 London, UK ‘Themes: The philosophy and application of limit state design in geotechnical engineering and the use of Eurocode 7 by geotechnical and structural designers, contractors, clients and regulatory bodies. Enquiries: Dr S. Thorburn, Thorbum & Colquhoun, 243 West George Street, Glasgow, G24QE, United Kingdom. Fax: $4-1-61-248-3773, OCTOBER 1996 Naples, Italy Sessions on investigations, monitoring, technical measures, case histories. Enquiries: Organising Committee, TC19-Preservation of Historic Sites, c/o C.L.Be.C,Via Diocleziano, 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy . Fax: 39-81-7682938 OCTOBER 16-18, 1996 Xuzhou, China ‘Aims to provide a forum for experts to exchange information on pioneenng research into mining and to promote scientific and technological cooperation OCTOBER 16-18, 1996 ‘Santiago, Chile Organised by the Chilean National Committee of ICOLD and the CGS (as part of the 64th ICOLD Annual Meeting), Enquiries: The Symposium Organising Committee CHILECOLD (Prof. Jorge Troncoso) Casilla 306. Correo22,Santiago,Chile. Fax: 562-552-4054, NOVEMBER 5-8, 1996 Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand Nine topies: Topic B Geotechnical Engineenng. Contact: Conf. Secretariat, School of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bangkok, Thailand. Fax:66-2-524-6059 Or 66-2-516-0130 (Email-anilew@recsun.ait.ac.th). Ausration Geomechanics June 195 189ND INTERNATIONAL Conceess on ENVRONMENTAL GroTECHNICS (2ICEG) InTeRwATONAL svaPOstund (ON EARTH ReIroRceMeNT (5 Krustu96) ‘QN0 INTERNATIONAL Seraniat & BHBION oN (Gecphysic BevOND 2000 ECONO INTERVATONAL (CONFERENCE ON Dam SAFETY EVALUATION ITER UATIONAL WORKSHOP (ON CONSULTANCY PRACTICE INCvt ENGINEERING Geodiary Conferences, Courses, Seminars, Symposia, Workshops NOVEMBER 5-8, 1996 Osaka, Japan Topics: Site investigation; modelling and numerical analysis, geotechnics of mines and ‘municipal waste management, waste disposal and containment, geotechnical recycling or reuse of waste materials, remediation of contaminated ground, dredging and sediments, geo- environmental risks, assessment and mitigation, regulations, trends and visions for the future. Language: English, Contact: Secretariat, 2ICEG: IS- OSAKA’96 Disaster Prevention Research Inst.Kyoto Uni, Kyoto. Fax: 81-774-324115, NOVEMBER 12-14, 1996 Fukuoka, Japan Topics: Construction practice on embankments, wall structures, foundations, slopes and excavations Standardization of testing methods; Standardization of design methods; Numerical methods fo design; Case histories: Monitoring systems. Abstracts: by August 31.1995 Language: English. Contact: Prof. Hidetoshi Ochiai, Chairman of IS Kyushu '96, Department of Civil Engineering (Suiko) Kyush University, Hakozaki, Fukuoke 812, Japan. Tel:81-92-641-IIO] Ext5232. Fax:81-92-641-5195. NOVEMBER 15-20, 1996 Hyderabad, India Contact: Assn of Exploration Geophysicists, CEG Building, Osmania University, Hyderabad. '500 007 India. fax: 91-40-7019001 email: AEG@AMCCS.UUNet.IN NOVEMBER 26-30, 1996 Trivandrum, India Contact: CVJ Varma, Secretary Member, Central Board of Irrigation & Power, MalchaMarg, Chanakyapuri, New Dehli. 110021. fax: 91-11-3016347 email: cbip@cbipdel.uunet.IN JANUARY/FEBRUARY 31-1, 1997 NewDelhi, India 160 | Ausration Geomechanics - June 196Wor Tune Conattss'97 BGS/CFMS Confrence on Gacuno Inprovenen ay DENsIRCATION & ENFORCEMENT ENGINEERING GEOLOGY & THE ENVRONMENT InTeRNATIONAL SyMPOSUM, In. ASSN, OF ENG, Geo.00y XIV INTERNATONAL CConsezence on SOL MECHANICS & FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Geodiary Conferences, Courses, Seminars, Symposia, Workshops APRIL 1) Vienna, Austria ‘Theme: Tunnels for People. Contact: General Secretary, Mr Walter Hinkel, c/o ICOS Int. Congress Organisation Service GmbH Johannesgrasse 14, A- 1010Vienna, Austria. Fax: 43-1-512809180. Abstracts forwarded to local ITA, JUNE 3-5, 1997 London, UK. Topies: Densification of granular soils, reinforced soil construction, soil nailing, fine grained soil densification, novel techniques for improvement Contact: Dr MCR Davies, Cardiff School of Engineering, University of Wales, PO Box 917, Cardiff, CF29xH, UK. fax: 44-1222-874597. JUNE 23-27, 1997 ‘Athens, Greece ‘Theme: The symposium will give an opportunity to review worldwide experience promoting, the interdisciplinary collaboration in the fields of Geology and Geotechnical Engineering. Themes: Engineering geology and geomorphological processes; natural and man-made hazards; geological environment in urban and regional planning and management; engineering geology and hydrogeology for environmental health waste disposal; impact of mines and uarries:environmental aspects of large works; protection of geological, geographical, historical and architectural heritage; strategies and legislation; environmental courses in geological and. geotechnical education. Call for papers summaries by 30th December 1995, Enquiries: Hellenic Committee of Engineering Geology, Athens 1997 Symposium Secretaria, P.O.Box 19140, GR-1 17 10, Athens, Greece. Fax:++30-1-3813900,0r ++#30-1-9242570(Prof-Paul Marinos) SEPTEMBER 6-12, 1997 Hamburg, Germany Papers selected by Member Society required by 31 December 1996. Contact: Profesor Dr-Ing W.Wittke, Deutsche Gesellschaftfur Geotechnike.v.Hobenzollemstrasse 52, D-45 128 Essen. Tel: 49-201-782723, Fax: 49-201-782743, Assralion Gromecharies-June 1996 1641ST ASiAN ROCK MECHANICS ‘Sywe0sium IRM REGIONAL ISTINTERNATIONAL CConrestnce on Sie CHARACTERISATION 26TH BITERNATIONAL, CONFERENCE ON COASTAL PNG 1 Conceess IAEG 320 INTERNATIONAL Contence on EARONMENTAL GEOTECHIS Geodiary Conferences, Courses, Seminars, Symposia, Workshops OCTOBER 13-15, 1997 Seoul, Korea ‘Theme: Environmental and safety concems in undergraound construction. Contact: Prof. Hi-Keun Lee, Chairperson, Organising Committee, Ist ARMS, Dept of Mineral & Petroleum Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, KOREA. fax: 82-2-871- 3938, APRIL 19-22, 1998 Atlanta, Georgia, USA Contact: Prof, P.K. Robertson, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. fax: 403-492-8198 JUNE 26 - JULY 2, 1998 Copenhagen, Denmark Contact: DIS Congress Service Copenhagen, A/S Herlev Ringvej, 2CDK-2730, Herlev/Copenhagen SEPTEMBER 21-25, 1998 Vancouver, Canada Title: “A View from the Pacific Rim’ Contact: Ms Kim Meidal, 8th Congress IAEG, Secretary, c/- BC Hydro, 6911 Southpoint Drive, Bumoby, British Columbia, V3N 4XB. Canada 1998 Portugal 7th ANZ Conference in Geomechanics 1-5 July 1996 Adelaide Convention Centre Conference proceedings are now available from Mr Peter May. Contact details: Ph: (06) 270 6528 Fax: (06) 273 1488 162 uration Geomechantes ne 1996New Service Australian Geomechanics is currently establishing a business directory of consultants and suppliers employed in geotechnical engineering industries to be published at the back of each journal edition. The directory will follow a business card format (see example below) with each item a black and white reproduciton of the contributor's business card. If you Would like to be included in the directory please contact Rachel Ippoloti at IEAust. Ph: 06 270 6524 Fax: 06 273 4200 Email: Rachel-A-Ippoliti@ieaust.org.au irate litaacola 2 Ausraon Geomecharics-une 1996. 163IDVERTISING FULL PAGE (4 colour) Inside Front Cover $1000 $1600 inside Back Cover $1000 $1600, Back Cover $800 $1400 FULL PAGE (1 colour - black) $450 $800 HALF PAGE (1 colour - black) $250 $450 QUARTER PAGE (1 colour biack) $200 $350 The prices quoted are for advertisements supplied with either camera ready art for single colour ads or 4 colour separated negatives. Artwork and colour separations can be arranged if required at cost. Inserts into the Australian Geomechanics Journal can be accepted at a rate of $300.00 per issue plus the cost of printing the insert if necessary Further information from: Ms Rachel Ippoliti ‘The Institution of Engineers, Australia 11 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 Telephone: 61 6 270 6524 Facsimile: 61 6 273 2358 E-mail: Rachel_A_Ippoliti@ieaust.org.au ATES 164 | Auatian Geomechanics - ne 1996