Dự Án Nông Nghiệp Trang Trại VAC Hậu Giang

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
c lp T do Hnh phc
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THUYT MINH D N
TRANG TRI VAC HU GIANG
A IM
CH U T
:
:
Hu Giang - Thng 10 nm 2015
D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG
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CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp T do Hnh phc
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THUYT MINH D N
TRANG TRI VAC HU GIANG
CH U T
N V T VN
CNG TY CP T VN U T
THO NGUYN XANH
NGUYN VN MAI
Hu Giang Thng 10 nm 2015

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CHNG I: GII THIU CH U T V D N

I.1. Gii thiu v ch u t
Ch u t
:
Giy php KKD
:
Ngy ng k ln 1 :
Ngy ng k ln 3 :
i din php lut
:
a ch tr s
:
Ngnh ngh chnh
:
- Trng rng, chm sc rng
- Chn nui
Vn iu l
: VN (triu ng)
Chc v
I.2. M t s b thng tin d n

Tn d n
: Trang tri VAC Hu Giang
a im xy dng : Huyn Phng Hip, Hu Giang
Hnh thc u t
: u t xy dng mi
Hnh thc qun l
: Ch u t trc tip qun l d n thng qua ban Qun l d
n do ch u t thnh lp.
I.3. C s php l
Vn bn php l
Lut u T s 59/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN
Vit Nam, c hiu lc ngy 01 thng 07 nm2006;
Lut Doanh nghip s 60/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut t ai s 13/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN
Vit Nam;
Lut Bo v mi trng s 52/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Thu thu nhp doanh nghip s 14/2008/QH12 ngy 03/6/2008 ca Quc Hi
nc CHXHCN Vit Nam, v lut s 32/2013/QH 13 ngy 19 thng 06 nm 2013 v
vic sa i, b sung mt s iu ca lut thu thu nhp doanh nghip;
Ngh nh 218/2013/N-CP ngy 26/12/2013 ca Chnh ph v quy nh chi tit v
hng dn thi hnh lut Thu thu nhp doanhnghip;
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Thng t s 78/2014/TT-BTC ngy 18 thng 06 nm 2014 v vic hng dn thi

hnh ngh nh s 218/2013/N-CP ngy 26 thng 12 nm 2013 ca chnh ph quy nh
hng dn thi hnh lut thu thu nhp doanh nghip;
Lut thu Gi tr gia tng s 13/2008/QH12 ngy 03 thng 06 nm 2008, sa i
s31/2013/QH13 ngy 19/06/2013 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Ngh nh 209/2013/N-CP ngy 18/12/2013 ca Chnh ph v Hng dn Lut
thu gi tr gia tng;
Thng t s 219/2013/TT-BTC ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2013 hng dn thi hnh
lut thu gi tr gia tng v ngh nh s 209/2013/N-CP ngy 18/12/2013 ca Chnh
ph quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu lut thu gi tr gia tng;
Ngh nh s 108/2006/N-CP do Chnh Ph ban hnh ngy 22/09/2006 quy nh
chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut uT;
Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy 12/02/2009 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l d
n u t xy dng cng trnh;
Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 v Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP
ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v sa i b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s
80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn
thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng;
Quyt nh s 10/2008/Q-TTg, ngy 16/01/2008 ca Th tng Chnh ph v
vic ph duyt Chin lc pht trin chn nui n nm 2020;
Cng vn s 615/TY-KD ngy 20/04/2009 ca Cc Th Y hng dn v th tc
kim dch nhp khu, tm nhp ti xut, chuyn ca khu, kho ngoi quan, qu cnh
ng vt sng, sn phm ngvt;
Quyt nh s 2194/Q-TTg, ngy 25/12/2009 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic
ph duyt n pht trin ging cy nng, lm nghip, ging vt nui v ging thy sn
n nm 2020;
Thng t 44/TT-BTC ngy 16/03/2012 ca B ti chnh v vic ban hnh Biu thu
nhp khu u i c bit ca Vit Nam thc hin Hip nh Khu vc Thng mi t
do ASEAN-c-Niu Di-ln giai on2012-2014;
Quyt nh s 899/Q-TTg, ngy 10/6/2013 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph
duyt n ti c cu ngnh nng nghip theo hng nng cao gi tr gia tng v pht
trin bn vng;
Thng t s84/2011/TT-BTC ngy 16/06/2011, ca B Ti chnh v vic hng
dn mt s chnh sch ti chnh khuyn khch doanh nghip u t vo nng nghip,
nng thn theo Ngh nh s 61/2010/N-CP ngy 04/06/2010 ca chnh ph;
Thng t 164/TT-BTC ngy 15/11/2013 ca B Ti Chnh Ban hnh biu thu xut
khu, biu thu nhp khu u i theo danh mc mt hng chu thu;
Ngh nh 210/2013/N-CP ngy 19/12/2013 ca Chnh Ph v chnh sch khuyn
khch doanh nghip u t vo nng nghip, nng thng;
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Thng t 219/2013/TT-BTC ngy 31/12/2013 ca B Ti Chnh hng dn thi

hnh Lut Thu gi tr gia tng v Ngh nh s 209/2013/N-CP ngy 18/12/2013 ca
Chnh ph quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu Lut Thu gi tr gia tng.
Quy hoch tng th pht trin ngnh Nng, Lm nghip v Thy sn tnh Ninh
Thun giai on 2011-2020 theo Quyt nh s 693/Q-UBND ngy 29/3/2013 ca y
ban nhn dn tnh Ninh Thun; Quyt nh s 318/BC-SNNPTNT ngy 18/8/2014Quy
hoch, ti c cu ngnh chn nui tnh Ninh Thun n nm 2020;
Vn ban s 2294/Q-UBND cua UBND tinh Ninh Thu n ngay 12/11/2012 v vi c
Ph duyt quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t - x hi huyn Bc i n nm 2020;
Bo co kt qu nghin cu , phn tich thc tra ng , ti chnh, hi u qua kinh t va tac
ng v thu nh p ti cac tac nhn tham gia 8 chu i gia tri , ca Quy Quc t v pht tri n
nng nghi p (IFAD), cng b thang 8 nm 2014.
Cc tiu chun Vit Nam

D n u t c thc hin trn nhng tiu chun, quy chun chnh nh sau:
Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam (tp 1, 2, 3 xut bn 1997-BXD);
Quyt nh s 04 /2008/Q-BXD ngy 03/4/2008. Ban hnh Quy chun ky thut
Quc gia v Quy hoch xy dng (QCVN: 01/2008/BXD);
Thng t s 71/2011/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 25/10/2011 ban hnh Quy chun ky thut
quc gia lnh vc Th y;
Thng t s 43/2011/TT-BNNPTNT, ngy 07 thng 6 nm 2011, v vic Ban hnh
Quy chun ky thut quc gia v kho nghim, kim nh ging vt nui;
QCVN 01 - 13: 2009/BNNPTNT : Quy chun ky thut quc gia: Thc n chn nui
hm lng khng sinh, ha dc, vi sinh vt v kim loi nng ti a cho php trong thc
n cho b v b tht;
Tiu chun ngnh 10 TCN 548-2002: Thit b ti dng trong nng nghip u
ti - c im ky thut v phng php th;
Tiu chun ngnh 10 TCN 547-2002: Thit b ti dng trong nng nghip Vi
phun Yu cu chung v phng php th;
Tiu chun ngnh 10 TCN 546-2002: Thit b ti dng trong nng nghip H
thng ng ti - c im ky thut v phng php th;
Ky thut chn nui b sa, thnh phn v yu t nh hng n sn lng sa (Cm
nang chn nui gia sc gia cm Hi chn nui Vit Nam Nh xut bn Nng nghip)
TCVN 2737-1995 : Ti trng v tc ng- Tiu chun thit k;
TCXD 45-1978 : Tiu chun thit k nn nh v cng trnh;
TCVN 5760-1993 : H thng cha chy - Yu cu chung thit k lp t v s dng;
TCVN 5738-2001 : H thng bo chy t ng - Yu cu ky thut;
TCVN-62:1995 : H thng PCCC cht chy bt, kh;
TCVN 6160 1996 : Yu cu chung v thit k, lp t, s dng h thng cha chy;
TCVN 4760-1993 : H thng PCCC - Yu cu chung v thit k;
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TCVN 5576-1991 : H thng cp thot nc - quy phm qun l ky thut;

TCXD 51-1984 : Thot nc - mng li bn trong v ngoi cng trnh - Tiu
chun thit k;
TCVN 5687-1992 : Tiu chun thit k thng gi - iu tit khng kh - si m;
11TCN 19-84 :ng dy in;
II. Cn c la chn d n
Ph hp vi quy hoch, k hoch pht trin ngnh, vng v k hoch pht trin kinh
t - x hi.
Ph hp vi lnh vc u t quy nh ti iu 4 Ngh nh 15/2015/N-CP.
C kh nng thu ht v tip nhn ngun vn thng mi, cng ngh, kinh nghim
qun l ca nh u t.
C kh nng cung cp sn phm, dch v lin tc, n nh, t chun b p ng nhu
cu ca ngi s dng.
C tng vn u t 46 t ng.
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CHNG II: NGHIN CU TH TRNG

II.1 Hin trng ngnh chn nui b Vit Nam
II.1.1 Tng quan v pht trin b tht.
1. c im ca B tht
B tht hay b ly tht, b nui ly tht nhng ging b nh c chn nui ch yu
phc ph cho mc ch ly tht b. y l nhng ging b cao sn, c chn nui theo
kiu tng trng th hin qua giai on v bo. Vic chn cc ging b tht c thc hin
cng phu chn ra nhng ging b nhiu tht vi t l x tht v tht lc cao, nhiu tht
nc, c kh nng chng chu vi bnh tt, thch nghi tt, v c kh nng lai to ci to
cc n b bn a. C nhng ging b tht c th ln n 1 tn. Trung bnh mt con b tht
c trng lng 450 kg khi cn sng s cho mt lng tht nng khong 280 kg sau
khi mu, u, sng, chn, da, mng, ni tng v rut c tch b (gi l khi lng
tht x). Nu thc hin theo quy trnh git m, c treo trong mt cn phng lnh cho t
mt n bn tun, trong thi gian n s mt i mt s cn nng nh nc b kh t tht.
Khi xng c cht th khc tht b ny s cn khong 200 kg.
Tht b l thc phm gia sc ph bin trn th gii, cng vi tht ln, c ch bin
v s dng theo nhiu cch, trong nhiu nn vn ho v tn gio khc nhau, cng vi tht
ln v tht g, tht b l mt trong nhng loi tht c con ngi s dng nhiu nht. B
tht c chn nui phc v cho nhu cu tiu th tht b ngy cng tng trn th gii.
Theo mt thng k, bnh qun nhu cu tiu th tht b/ngi/nm ca th gii l
9 kg/ngi/nm, cc nc pht trin t l tht b chim 25-30% tng lng tht tiu th
bnh qun u ngi, ring Vit Nam t l tht b/tng lng tht hi tiu th l 5,19%
(tng ng 0,85 kg tht x/ngi/nm).
B tht c c im chung l ging b cao sn, ngoi hnh, khi lng ln, c bp,
nhiu tht, t l x tht cao v nhiu tht lc (tht tinh). c im ni bt ca
ging b chuyn dng tht l to con, con ci trng thnh nng t 500800 kg, con c
trng thnh nng t 900-1.400 kg. T l tht x t t 60-65%, thch nghi vi nui chn
th v v bo. V ngoi hnh, chn con c thn hnh vm v, mnh trn, mng v vai pht
trin nh nhau, nhn tng th b c hnh ch nht. Trng lng ph bin ca b tht dao
ng t 250 kg n 350 kg/con v cao hn, t 400 kg n na tn/con.
Th tht b ci nh hn b c, m gia cc c t, tht v m, v bo nhanh hn b
c. Ngc li, b c c t l tht x cao hn b ci cng tui. B nui t 16-24 thng
tui c th git m. Tuy nhin, tui git m khc nhau th cht lng tht cng khc nhau.
Tht b v b t c mu nht, t m, mm v thm ngon. Tht b ln tui mu m,
nhiu m, dai hn v khng thm ngon bng tht b t. Trong quy trnh v bo, c th
thin b c khi nui c 7-12 thng tui, b thin sm s bo nhanh hn v tht cng
mm hn.
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Khc vi b sa chuyn phc ph cho mc ch ly sa hoc cc ging b nh khc

phc v cho mc ch cy ko, vn chuyn.... Con ging b tht khc nhau cng khc nhau
v tc sinh trng v kh nng tch ly tht, m. Con lai ca b Charolais c t l tht x
cao hn con lai ca b Hereford, lng m ca tht b Charolais thp hn tht b Hereford.
B tht Charolais c t l tht x l 60% v tht tinh l 45%. Hin nay sn xut b tht
nhiu ni trn th gii lai to c nhiu ging b c t l tht x ln ti 70%, tht tinh
trn 50%, tht thm ngon v c gi tr dinh dng rt cao. Vit Nam hin nay ch yu l
ging b vng (b c, b cc) c t l tht x l 42%, tht tinh l 31%, do vy kh nng sn
xut tht v hiu qu kinh t khng cao.
Ging b lai hng tht cht lng cao l nhng con c sinh ra t b ci c 1/2, 1/3
hoc 3/4 mu cc ging b lai trong nhm Zbu nh Sind, B Shahiwal, Brahman, c trng
lng t 220 kg tr ln, khe mnh, khng bnh tt, kh nng sinh sn tt cho phi ging vi
b trong nhm Zbu hoc cc ging b chuyn tht nh Smemtal, Charolais, Limouse,
Droumaster Thi gian gn u Vit Nam ang trin khai m hnh nui b lai Zbu cht
lng cao v b 3/4 mu ngoi nhm ci to cht lng con ging v thay i phng php
chn nui truyn thng sang chn nui thm canh.
2. Cc ging B tht
B tht c chn ging, lai to nn c rt a ging cc loi ging b, trong c
mt s ging c th k n nh: B Zbu l tn gi chung mt nhm cc ging b u nhit
i (Bos indicus), c ngun gc n , Pakistan, Chu Phi. Hin c trn 30 ging b
Zbu, tp trung ch yu cc nc nhit i v cn nhit i. Trong thi gian v bo (22,5 thng trc khi xut chung), b lai Zbu, s tng trng rt nhanh, mi con c trng
lng 140-170 kg tht. Nhm gc b tht cao sn n i, l nhng ging b c ngun
gc Anh hoc Php nh cc ging B: Charolais (Php), Sumental
(ThyS), Limousin (Php), Hereford (Anh), Aberdin Angus (Anh, My)....
Nhm ging b tht cao sn nhit i, l nhng ging b tht c lai to gia b
tht n i Chu u vi mt s ging b Zbu, trong c mt t l nht nh mu b
Zbu nh cc ging: B Santagertrudis(My), B Red Beltmon, B Drought Master (c).
V d: B Drought Master c 50% mu b Indian (Zbu) v 50% mu b Shorthorn (Chu
u), hoc b Santa Gertrudis c 3/8 mu b Grahman (Zbu) v 5/8 b Shorthorn (Chu
u). Ging b Droughmaster (c ngha l Bc thy v chu hn hay Thn chu hn). B
c lai to C, c 50% mu b ging ShortHorn (Anh) v 50% mu ging Brahman.
y l ging b c ngun gc t Australia. Chng khng ve v cc bnh k sinh trng
ng mu tt, thch ng vi iu kin chn th vng nng m hoc kh hn. Con trng
thnh c th ti 700800 kg. Kh nng tng trng v phm cht tht tt, t l tht x cao.
Ging B b lang trng xanh B hay cn gi l BBB (Blanc-Blue-Belgium) l ging
b chuyn dng tht ca B. B c mu lng trng, xanh lm m hoc trng lm m v
c bp rt pht trin. B s sinh c khi lng 45,5 kg. B 6-12 thng tng trng bnh qun
1.300 gram/ngy. Khi 1 nm tui, b c nng 470490 kg; b ci 370380 kg. Trng
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thnh b c nng 1.100-1.200 kg, b ci 710720 kg. tui git tht, b c 14-16 thng
c t l tht x 66%. B F1 BBB sinh ra khe mnh, thch nghi vi iu kin, mi trng
sng. Kt hp c c tc pht trin, tng trng nhanh, cht lng tht tt ca con b
(b siu tht BBB) v s thch nghi vi mi trng sng ca con b m (b lai Sind ti Vit
Nam). B tng trng bnh qun 25 kg/thng, c bit c con tng trng 30 kg/thng. D
nui, phm n, ln nhanh.
B Nht Bn hay cn gi l B Kobe (ch Nht: ; phin m: Wagyu/Ha
ngu) l mt ging b tht ca Nht Bn chuyn dng ly tht b vi mn m thc ni
ting l tht b Kobe. B Kobe thuc ging b Tajima-ushi, mt ging b c o ca
vng Kobe. B Kobe l mt trong 3 ging b cho tht ngon nht. Hng thm nh, v bo
quyn cng vi nhng th tht mt lm cho tht b Kobe c xp vo hng "cc phm".
B Kobe c th c ch bin thnh bt tt, sukiyaki, shabu shabu,sashimi, teppanyaki v
nhiu loi khc.
Ti Vit Nam hin ph bin l ging B vng Vit Nam l ging b a phng, c khi
lng trung bnh t 150200 kg/con. Do vc dng nh b nn ngi ta hay gi n l loi
b cc, b c. B d nui, thch nghi rng, chng chu bnh tt, thnh thc sinh dc sm v
mn . Tuy nhin, do tm vc nh b v t l tht x thp nn phi lai to n b cc vi
cc ging khc (nh b Sind, b Brahmau, b Sahiwal...) to ra nhng con lai c th t
ti 400450 kg/con.
3. Tnh hnh pht trin n b tht trn th gii:
a) T ng quan v thi trng thi t bo nm 2014
* San xut v tiu thu
Th tb hin l mt trong nhng mt hng tht c tiu th ph bin trn th gii,
vi 55-56 triu tn/nm, ng sau tht ln (100-107 triu tn) v tht g (8083 triu tn).
Theo USDA1, nm 2014 sn xut v tiu th tht b ton th gii ch gia tng nh so
vi nm 2013. C th, sn lng t 59,6 triu tn, tng 0,27%, tiu th t 57,8 triu tn,
tng 0,24%. Sn lng tht b tng ti n (8%), c (6%) b p cho vic thuhpti
quc gia hng u l My(-5,3%).
Biu 1:San xut v tiu thu tht b ton cu 2010 2014
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Ngun:USDA
Hin nay, My l quc gia c sn lng tht b ln nht v cng l quc gia tiu th
tht b ln nht th gii. Nm 2014, sn lng tht b ti My c tnh t 11,1 triu tn,
chim 19% tng sn lng tht b ton cu. Tip n ln lt l Braxin (9,9 triu tn,
chim t trng 17%), EU (7,5 triu tn, 12%), Trung Quc (6,5 triu tn, 11%), n
(4,1 triu tn, 7%)V tiu th, My t 11,2 triu tn (26% tng tiu th th gii), tip
n l Braxin (8 triu tn, 18%), EU (7,6 triu tn, 17%), Trung Quc (7 triu tn,13%)..
Biu 2: Cc quc gia/khu vc san Biu 3: Cc quc gia/khu vc tiu
xut tht b ln trn th gii
thu tht b ln trn th gii
Ngung USAD
* Xut khu v nhp khu
Mc d sn lng n nh nhng xut khu tht b ton cu ang c s tng trng
nhanh do s di chuyn nhng mnh ca cc quc gia xut khu nh n , c,
NewZealand ti cc th trng tim nng ti Chu . Nm 2014, xut khu tht b ton
cu t 9,8 triu tn, tng 7,1% so vi nm 2013.
Ngun cung cp tht b chnh ca th gii tp trung vo 4 quc gia l Braxin (21%),
n (19%), c (18%), My (12%). Trong , c c s vn ti khu vc th trng
chu mt cch mnh m. Ti Vit Nam, tiu dng tht b nhp khu c cng ang tr
thnh xu hng mi.
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V nhp khu, cc th trng ln nht l My (15%), Nga (10%), Nht Bn (10%)

Biu 4: Cc quc gia/khu vc xut Biu 5: Cc quc gia/khu vc nhp
khu tht b ln trn th gii
khu tht b ln trn th gii
Ngun:USDA
4. Th trng tht b Vit Nam nm 2014
- S lng n gia sc nm 2014
Theo kt qu iu tra chn nui ca Tng cc Thng k ti thi im 01/10/2014
n b tht c nc c 5,24 triu con, tng1,42%. ng ch , din tch ng c chn
th gia sc c xu hng thu hp, hiu qu vn cha cao.
Chn nui gia sc ly tht ti Vit Nam hin nay ch yu l b tht. Phn theo vng
sinh thi, vng Bc Trung B v Duyn hi min Trung tp trung ch yu lng n b
cn c, chim ti hn 40%.
Biu 6: T trng s lng b ca nc phn theo vng sinhthi
- San lng tht gia sc nm 2014

Theo Tng cc Thng k, nm 2014, sn lng tht tru hi xut chung t
khong 86,9 nghn tn, tng 1,6% so vi nm 2013; sn lng tht b xut chung t
khong 292,9 nghn tn, tng 2,6%.
Bang 1: San lng tht hi nm 2007-2014 (nghn tn)
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Ngun: Tng cuc Thngk

* Din bin gi tht b nm 2014
Gi b sng v gi tht b hi nhn chung khng c s t bin trong sut nm
2014. Ti ng Nam B, gi b hi duy tr n nh mc 70.000 ng/kg trong phn
ln thi gian ca nm, ngoi tr cc dp l ln. Ngun cung tht b trong nm 2014 nhn
chung m bo, khng b thiu ht.
Trn knh bn l, cc sn phm tht b nm 2014 nhn chung vn gi mc gi cao,
c bit trong giai on u ca nm. Theo tnh ton da trn s liu ca AGROINFO,
gi tht b i qu I/2014 trung bnh mc 234.500 ng/kg, mc gi qu II, III, IV
cho thy xu hng tng i n nh.
Biu 7: Din bin gi tht b ti mt s tnh thnh, nm 2013 - 2014(ng/kg)
Ngun:AgroInfo
* Nhp khu tht b nm 2014
Theo Tng cc Hi Quan, 11 thng u nm 2014 cc doanh nghip Vit Nam
nhp khu 24,8 nghn tn tht tru b, tr gi 73,8 triu USD. Nhp khu cc loi tht trn
nhn chung tng kh cao so vi cng k nm2013.
Bn cnh , nhp khu tru, b sng Vit Nam trong 11 thng u nm t 208,7
nghn con, tr gi gn 187 triu USD, tng mnh 46,2 % v s lng v 164,8% v tr gi
12
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so vi cng k.
V th trng, My vn l i tc nhp khu tht ln nht ca Vit Nam trong 5
thng u nm 2014, vi tr gi t 28,17 triu USD, gim nh 0,4% so vi cng k nm
ngoi. Tip n l n , vi tr gi t 26,8 triu USD, tng 58,3% so vi cng k. Cc
th trng cung cp tht ng ch khc gm: Braxin (10,3 triu USD, chim t trng
12%), c (9,1 triu USD, chim t trng 10%) v Hn Quc (3,96 triu USD, chim t
trng 4%).
5. Tri n vo ng phat tri n cua nganh thit bo nm 2015
5.1. Trin vong thi trng th gii
Theo USDA, sn lng tht b ton cu nm 2015 d bo gim nh 1,4% t mc
59,6 triu tn nm 2014 xung cn 58,7 triu tn. Sn lng tht b ti Chu u s vn
duy tr, trong khi My v Trung Quc gim nh. D bo My vn l quc gia c sn lng
tht b ln nht th gii, vi 10,9 triu tn (gim 0,2 triu tn so vi 2014); tip n l
Braxin 10,2 triu tn (tng 0,3 triu tn); EU7,5 triu tn (gi nguyn); Trung Quc 6,4
triu tn (gim 0,1 triu tn)V tiu th, nm 2015 d bo gim 1,6% t mc 57,8
triu tn nm 2014 xung cn 56,9 triu tn. Cc quc gia tiu th tht b ln nht th
gii d bo l My (10,9 triu tn); Braxin (8,1 triu tn); EU (7,6 triu tn); Trung Quc
(6,9 triu tn).
5.2. Trin vong thi trng trong nc
Theo d bo ca Vin Nghin cu Chnh sch Thc phm v Nng nghip ca My
(FAPRI) khi nghin cu tnh hnh chn nui ca cc nc trn th gii, s lng n
tru b ca Vit Nam nm 2015 s vo khong 8 triu con, tng 0,2 triu con so vi mc
7,8 triu con nm 2014. Sn lng tht tru, b s t khong 285 nghn tn, tng 8 nghn
tn so vi nm 2014. Tiu th tht tru, b s vo khong 308 nghn tn, tng 8 nghn tn.
FAPRI d bo Vit Nam s phi nhp khu nhiu tht tru b hn trong nm 2015, vo
khong 23 nghn tn, tng 4 nghn tn so vi nm 2014.
6. Tnh hnh pht trin n b tht ti Vit Nam
Trong 5 nm, tnh n nm 2013 n b tht ca Vit Nam gim khong 1,5 triu
con, t 6,7 triu con trong nm 2007 xung cn 5,2 triu con vo nm 2012, nguyn nhn
chnh l s st gim din tch ng c. So vi cc nc khc, Vit Nam khng c th mnh
pht trin n b tht quy m trang tri ln m ch nhng nng h di 10 con tn
dng ngun thc n sn c trong t nhin.
Hin nay, c mt s m hnh doanh nghip u t trang tri nui b tht nhng
ch dng li quy m khong 200 con. Vic chn nui b tht theo gia tri gia nh ch trn
di 10 con. Nguyn nhn do thiu quy t, tin ging cao, cha c ging tt c thng
hiu, cng ngh chn nui cn lc hu, nn kh c nhng trang tri chn nui b tht quy
m ln m ch yu nui quy m vi con tn dng ngun thc n t nhin.
Do tng n b lin tip gim trong 5 nm tr li y nn Vit Nam phi nhp b
theo ng tiu ngch t Lo, Camchia, Thi Lan p ng nhu cu ni a. C thi
im mi ngy c n 500 con b nhp t Lo. S b ny c ngun gc t Lo v Thi
13
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Lan nhng li c hp thc ha l b nui ca ngi dn a phng. Gn y s lng

60.000-70.000/nm con b c c nhp v Vit Nam git m., do vy tht b c ang
bn trn ngp siu th, ca hng, nh hng, khch sn vi gi kh cnh tranh. C bit c
doanh nghip ng Nai nhp b c trung bnh mi thng hn 1.000 con v t thng
6/2014 c thm mt s cng ty kinh doanh b c vi s lng nhp v tng t bin,
ln ti 6.000-7.000 con mi thng. Mc d phi gnh thu v ph, nhng tht b c vn r
hn b Vit. C ghi nhn v gi bn l tht b ti ca c ti cc ca hng thc phm v
siu th Si Gn l 244.000 ng/kg sn phm nc i (gi th b trong nc l 230.000
ng/kg), 180.000 ng/kg gu (gi tht b trong nc mc 200.000 ng/kg). Loi tht
b thn v phil ca c c gi l 320.000 ng/kg, trong khi gi tht b cng loi trong
nc c bn vi gi hn 280.000 ng/kg (nm 2013).
Trong 9 thng u nm 2013, s lng b c nhp khu vo Vit Nam ln 32.500
con, khng c s liu thng k v lng b c nhp khu nguyn con trong nm 2012.
Tht b nhp khu t c ngy cng tr nn ph bin v quen thuc hn vi ngi tiu
dng v c ngi tiu dng nh gi l cht lng hn v gi tht b c khng chnh
lch l my so vi gi tht trong nc, gi r mt phn do nhp t gc nguyn con, khng
qua thng li nn kim sot c gi khi ra th trng, gi tht b c mi r . Tuy vy
cng pht hin 10 tn tht b c bn nhp vo Vit Nam, ton b s tht b c quan
chc nng kt lun b nhim bn, khng t tiu chun lm thc phm cho ngi, th ln
kim tra th 3 ch cn li hai sn phm (nn b v bp b c tng trng lng 5.566 kg)
khng t lm thc phm cho ngi.
Tuy nhin trong nm 2014 s lng b c nhp khu vo Vit Nam s gim st do
lng t hng b c t Trung Quc ang gia tng, nn gi b c nhp khu ang c du
hiu tng do cung khng cu
a)Tnh hnh pht trin B tht min Bc
Thnh ph H Ni c n b ln ti 17.056 con, trong b lai Sind khong 12.500
con (chim t l 85,1%). TP H Ni tin hnh d n lai to ging b to n b lai
Zbu c tm vc ci thin nhiu so vi ging b Vng Vit Nam. Trn nn n b lai Zbu
thc hin lai to sn xut ging b chuyn tht- sa, n nay TP H Ni c n b lai Zbu
t trn 85 %/tng n, ti x Vn c, huyn Gia Lm, H Ni, nhiu h gia nh chn
nui b tht v nui b tht cho li cao, ti Minh Chu, huyn Ba V nhiu h gia nh
bt u n nn lm ra, c ca n ca nh phong tro chn nui b tht, ton x Minh
Chu c khong 3.000 con b, Ph Cng, vi din tch t canh tc khong 300ha nhiu
ph sa mu m, thch hp vi cc cy trng phc v chn nui b nh ng, v c, vi
truyn thng chn nui b v nhu cu s dng tht b ngy cng tng, gi tht b trn th
trng kh nhiu h chuyn sang nui b vi s lng ln, mang li hiu qu cao hn
hn so vi vt nui khc. Ton x c 80% s h nui b tt c 8 thn, tng n b c
khong 3700 con, ch yu l b lai "sind", b Brahman thng phm, mi nm n b cho
thu li 17-20 t ng.
14
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nng cao cht lng hng ha TP H Ni ang trin khai d n p dng ky thut
th tinh nhn to (tinh b c NK t B) trn din rng nhm to ra ging b siu tht,
cht lng cao BBB phc v th trng trong nc v xut khu vi khong 3000 h tham
gia d n vi kinh ph thc hin trn 900 t ng.
b)Tnh hnh pht trin B tht min Trung
Min Trung v Ty nguyn l khu vc c tim nng ln pht trin chn nui, c
bit l chn nui b. Tng n trong khu vc ny c ti 1,4 triu con, chim trn 40% n
b ton quc. n b c nui ch yu nhm mc tiu sinh sn v ly tht. Hng nm ti
khu vc min Trung v Ty nguyn c t 130-150 ngn b loi thi c bn git tht. Gi
thit rng vi s lng b nh trn c nui v bo trc khi bn tht th s lng v cht
lng tht b c tng ln ng k.
Do vy nui b tht ang l la chn m a s chuyn gia trong ngnh chn nui
cho rng l lnh vc c li th, gi tr v trin vng pht trin nht ti Min Trung Vit
Nam. Nui b tht l hng la chn ti u nht i vi chn nui theo hng sn xut
hng ha ln min Trung v min Trung cng l ni thch hp nht vi sinh hc ca b.
Tuy nhin kh khn nht trong vic pht trin n b min Trung, chnh l ngun thc
n, khi iu kin t ai, kh hu kh hn ko di ca min Trung rt bt li cho vic trng
c.
Vit Nam, tng c d n vn vay nc ngoi tr gi 15 triu USD ci to
n b cho cc tnh t Thanh Ha tr vo, thu ht 27 tnh tham gia, d n kt thc, c
bn ci to c gn 50% n b ca min Trung tc l ci to ton b n b c (b a
phng ngoi hnh nh b). Bnh nh, Ph Yn l nhng tnh rt thnh cng trong pht
trin n b tht.
Ti Qung Tr, a phng ny c th mnh pht trin n b tht khng ch quy
m nng h nui di 10 con m cn pht trin thnh trang tri ln tn dng ngun thc
n sn c trong t nhin. Hin ti ngun b tht a phng ny khng cung cp cho
th trng. Cam L l mt huyn trung du, c iu kin thun li v t ai, kh hu, thch
hp cho qu trnh a dng ha nng nghip, trong li th nht l ng c pht trin
chn nui i gia sc. Ton huyn c n b trn 14.000 con, trong c trn 55%
c nui nht. Trong tng gn 100 h dn ca thn Bc Bnh, x Cam Tuyn c n 70
h tham gia m hnh trng c nui b thm canh vi tng s 240 con, h nui nhiu nht l
8 con. Vi nui b tp trung, quy m th ng c huyn min ni Hng Ho v huyn
akrng rt ph hp. Ti cc huyn ny cc ng c sc cung cp ngun thc n cho
chn nui b n b theo m hnh trang tri n 10.000 con.
Ti Qung Nam, nng dn y c cho l lm giu t nui b tht, ring ti X
Bnh Qu, huyn Thng Bnh, Qung Nam hin c n b hn 3.000 con. Ngi nng dn
trng c, nui b thm canh thu li hng trm triu ng/nm, c ngun thc n n
nh cho n b, ngi ta chuyn canh 6 so c voi v tn dng thm cc ph phm t
nng nghip nh rm, l ma, bp, u...X ny c chnh sch tp trung pht trin n b,
tng n b lai ln 30 -35% tng n, t chc chuyn giao ky thut cho nng dn, nhn
15
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rng cc m hnh nui b nht thm canh v nui b v bo nhm a ngh chn nui b
tr thnh th mnh kinh t ca a phng, vn ng nng dn trng 55ha c, bo m
thc n cho b.
Ti Bnh nh, ang Xy dng thng hiu b tht cht lng cao, phong tro chn
nui b tht Bnh nh pht trin kh mnh c v s lng ln cht lng. Bnh nh l
mt trong nhng tnh c s lng n b cao nht khu vc min Trung- Ty Nguyn vi
tng n 260 ngn con, b lai Bnh nh tr nn kh quen thuc vi ngi chn nui
trong c nc. n nay, t l b lai Bnh nh hin chim n 70% tng n, cao gn gp
i so vi t l b lai bnh qun ca Vit Nam, th trng truyn thng tiu th b tht ch
yu l cc tnh pha Nam.
c)Tnh hnh pht trin B tht min Nam
Ti Min Nam, xut pht t nhu cu v tht b ca Vit Nam ngy cng ln nn mt
s nh u t thnh lp Cng ty Nng nghip Trang tri Vit vi mc ch l u t vo
xy dng trang tri b tht cung cp cho th trng, u t vo 2 ging b tht nhp khu
Red Angus (My) v Brahman (c) ti huyn C Chi. Trang tri ny c quy m nui tp
trung 200 con b tht trn din tch t 2,5 hc ta, ngoi ra, mt c nhn khc cng b
vn lp trang tri nui b p Ging Ao, x An Hip, huyn Ba Tri (Bn Tre) u t
trang tri nui b tht trn din tch 7 hc ta vi 200 b. y l 2 m hnh doanh nghip
nui b tht quy m nui b tht ln ti Vit Nam.
Ti Ty Ninh c hng lot trang tri chn nui b mc ln khp ni ca nhng t
ph vn xut thn l nng dn a phng, c ngi xut pht ch c mt, hai con b lm
vn. Phong tro chn nui b, ch yu l b tht, tng nhanh trong khong nm nm n
nm 2013 tng n b ca Ty Ninh t khong 100.000 con. Cc huyn c n b tht
pht trin nhanh theo dng quy m trang tri l Tn Bin, Tn Chu, Trng Bng, Dng
Minh Chu.
Ngnh chn nui ng bng sng Cu Long c nhng chuyn bin tch cc,
trong ng ch l vic khi phc v pht trin n b a phng. Ngoi u th v chi
ph thc n thp, s dng thc n khng cnh tranh vi ngi, gii quyt cng lao ng
nng nhn. Ngh nui b cn c mt u th quan trng l sn phm cui cng l b v tht
c th trng tiu th n nh, gi c bo m cho ngi chn nui c li
II.2. Hin trng ngnh nui d
II.2.1. Din bin chung ngnh nui d
Con d l hu ch cho con ngi k c khi n c sng v khi n cht, u tin
nh l mt loi cung cp sa, phn bn, v cht x, v sau lm tht. Mt s t chc t
thin cung cp d cho ngi dn ngho cc nc ngho, v d l d dng hn v r hn
qun l hn so vi b, v c s dng nhiu. Chn nui d thay i theo vng v vn
ha. Trong lch s, d nh thng gi trong by m i lang thang trn i, khu chn th
gia sc khc.
16
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mt s ni trn th gii, c bit l chu u v Bc My, cc ging khc nhau ca

d c nui ly sa v sn xut tht. i vi nng dn sn xut nh nhiu quc gia
d l vt nui quan trng. n , Nepal, v phn ln chu , d c nui ch yu
sn xut sa, c trong cc h thng thng mi v h gia nh. chu Phi v Trung ng,
d thng c chy rng trong n chin. iu ny ti a ha sn xut cho mi mu Anh,
d v cu thch cy lng thc khc nhau. Nhiu loi d nui c tm thy Ethiopia.
n d gia tng nhanh t nm 1992 n nm 2000, nhng sau li gim, ch yu
cc nc ang pht trin, n d c gia tng nhng cha u, c thi gian b gim. Nm
2001, trn th gii s lng d ch bng 65,5% s lng cu. Tht d c t m hn tht b
v cu v m phn phi u khp quy tht. Thm vo m d c t acid bo bo ha v
cholesterol hn m b v m cu. Sa d c gi tr dinh dng tng t nh sa b nhng
c t l cc ht cht bo nh cao hn sa b nn d tiu ha hn. Thm vo sa d c
cha mt s cht chng d ng nn c th s dng cho cc tng ngi d b d ng vi sa
b. Do ngy cng nhiu ngi dn u, My lu tm n tht v sa d.
Sn lng d trn ton th gii nm 2008
Quc gia/Vng Tng s Sa d Tht d
Th gii
-----
15.2
4.8
Chu Phi
294.5
3.2
1.1
Nigeria
53.8
N/A
0.26
Sudan
43.1
1.47
0.19
Chu
511.3
8.89
3.4
Afghanistan
6.38
0.11
0.04
Pakistan
60.00
N/A
N/A
125.7
4.0
0.48
Bangladesh
56.4
2.16
0.21
Trung Quc
149.37
0.26
1.83
Saudi Arabia
2.2
0.076
0.024
Chu M
37.3
0.54
0.15
Mexico
8.8
0.16
0.04
USA
3.1
N/A
0.022
Chu u
17.86
2.59
0.012
UK
0.09
N/A
N/A
France
1.2
0.58
0.007
17
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0.0004 0.018
C. i dng 3.42
II.2.2. Cc ging
D H Lan hay l d Boer: Ging d ny c nui tng by n ln Ninh Thun
v nhiu tnh dc cc tnh duyn hi min trung, nn cn gi chng bng mt tn khc l
d Phan Rang. Ging d ny c hai sc lng en trng trn mnh, c mu lng nu, c vng
trng quanh c. Lng en ph ht trn phn c, lng, hai bn hng v phn trn ui. Cn
lng trng mt di ca tai, hai sc trn mt chy song song t u n mi, phn
bng, v bn khuu chn tr xung. Vi sc lng ny trng con d H Lan hao hao ging
con b sa H Lan, va thanh t va sch s. Trng lng con ci trng thnh nng t
90100 kg/con, con c 100160 kg/con. D Boer c c bp rt y n, sinh trng
nhanh D H Lan cho nhiu sa, nhng a s u c chu k sa ngn ngy. Do , nhiu
ngi cho ging d ny lai vi d Bc Tho nng sut sa c cao hn v chu k sa
c di hn.
D Saanen c nh l Xa-nen l ging d chuyn dng sa ca Thy S. N c
nui Php nhiu nc chu u. D c mu lng trng, tai vnh nh. Ging d ny c
tm vc ln, cn i, thnh thc sm v cho sn lng sa cao, Chu k tit sa ca n ko
di 8 10 thng v cho sn lng sa t 800 1.000 lt.. Con c khi 2 tui nng 60 kg, 35 tui nng 70 kg, c con cn nng ti 100 kg. D ci th nh hn, ch khong 50 60 kg,
chng c lng mu trng, tai vnh, nng sut sa t 1.000-1.200 lt/chu k 290-300 ngy.
N cng c nhp vo Vit Nam. Hin ngi ta lai n vi con Bch Tho to ra con
lai c sn lng sa cao hn t 30-40%.
D Beetal c l Bit-tn: D Beetal c ngun gc t n c nhp vo Vit
Nam cng lc vi d Jumnapari; c mu lng en huyn hoc loang trng, tai to cp.
Trng lng v kh nng cho sa tng ng d Jumnapari.
D Jumnapari c nh l Jmnapari: L ging d sa ca n c nhp vo
Vit Nam t nm 1994, kh nng mi con cho sa 1,4-1,6 lt /ngy vi chu k tit sa 180185 ngy. D phm n v chu ng tt vi thi tit nng bc. Chng cng xut x ti n
thn mnh nh hn d Bc Tho, nhng nng sut sa tt.
D Barbari c nh l Bacbari: L ging d sa ca n , kh nng mi con cho
sa tt t 0,9-1,2 lt/ngy vi chu k 145-148 ngy. Ging d ny mn , mi nm cho 1,8
con/la v 1,7 la/nm. D trng thnh nng trung bnh 3035 kg/con. D c thn hnh
thon chc, tp n, chu ng kham kh, hin lnh, ph hp vi hnh thc chn nht hoc
chn th, c bit vi ngi t vn nui ging d ny rt thch hp. y l ging d c thn
hnh cao to, mang sc lng mu trng. Nu nui dng tt, con c nng trn 70 kg, cn d
ci khong t 55 kg n 60 kg. a s d barbari c sc lng vng hay trng, sng ngn tai
nh, mng v vnh ln, d c c chm ru cm nh d c. Ging d ny n t, d nui li
hp vi th nhng. Chng cn c mu lng vng loang trng nh hu Sao, tai nh
thng. Trng lng trng thnh 3035 kg/con. D Barbari c bu v pht trin, kh nng
cho sa 0,9 lt/ngy. D Barbari c thn hnh thon chc, n rt tp, chu c kham kh,
18
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ph hp vi chn nui.
D Alpine c nh l An-pin l ging d ca Php c nui nhiu vng Alpes.
N c lng mu vng, i khi c m trng, c con lng en khoang trng dc thi dng
xung m, mng v c chn, tai nh thng. Loi ny cng to, cao, con ci nng khong
4042 kg v con c khong 5055 kg. Mt chu k sa ca n ko di 240-250 ngy v
cho ta sn lng khong 900-1.000 lt sa (t t 800 900 kg/nm). Sn lng sa cao, 1
ngy cho t 2-2,5 lt tu theo c tnh ca mi con, d nui v hiu qu tt.
D Toggenburg c nh l Togenbua: Cng l mt ging d chuyn sa. N l
ging ca Thu S, khng thua km g con Xa-nen. Mi ngy, mt con Togenbua c th
cho ta t 2,4 5,2 lt sa.
D Bch Tho l con d en, tai cp l ging d lai vi con d Alpine. N to con
v vo chu k cho sa cng c th thu c t 0,8 1,2 lt/ngy. y cng l ging d sa
v ging d kim dng sa v tht, c nui nhiu cc tnhNinh Thun v Bnh Thun.
T hn 10 nm nay ging d ny c pht trin nhiu tnh trong Vit Nam. Kh
nng cho sa ca d bch tho t 1,1-1,4 kg/con/ngy vi chu k cho sa l 148-150 ngy.
D bch tho hin lnh, c th kt hp vi chn th vi cc iu kin khc nhau u cho
kt qu chn nui tt.
D c hay d ta, d ni, hay cn gi l ging d a phng: Chng c mu lng
vng nu hoc en trng; trng lng lc trng thnh l 30 35 kg; trng lng lc s
sinh l 1,7 - 1,9 kg. Tui phi ging ln u t 6 - 7 thng; 1,4 la/nm v 1 la c
khong 1,3 con, ph hp vi chn th qung canh v mc ch l nui ly tht. Vit Nam
hin nay c khong trn 800 nghn con d, nhng ch yu l d c nui ly tht, nu bit
chn lc th mi con d c th cho 0,5 lt/ngy vi chu k cho sa l 90-105 ngy.
Ngoi ra cn Ging d Anglo Nubian ca Ai Cp, d lng ngn ca Czech, d lng
trng ca Bungari, d Nubi ca chu Phi cng l cc ging d chuyn sa.
II.2.3. Th trng d
Nm 2011, n d th gii c 875,5 triu con, phn ln chu chim 61,6% s
lng d th gii, k n l chu Phi chim 31,6%. Mc tng s lng d nhiu nht sau
10 nm l chu i Dng (105,2%), k n l chu (17,6%) v chu Phi l (16,9%),
trong khi n d chu u li suy gim 9,9% (B1). Nm quc gia c n d ln nht th
gii l Trung Quc, n , Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria (B1). Cn chu u, nc c
n d ln nht l Hy Lp, nhng ch khong 5 triu con (B2).
B1: Pht trin n d trn th gii
VT: triu con
19
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Ngun: FAO, Rodica Chetroiu, Ion Clin, Georgeta Carmen Niculescu; Worldwide
trends and orientations of raising goats, 2013.
B1: 5 quc gia c n d ln nht, nm 2013
Ngun: FAO
B2: 10 quc gia c n d ln chu u, nm 2011
20
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Sa d giu dinh dng khng ch thnh phn protein, khong cht, vitamin m trong sa
d cn c rt nhiu acid amin thit yu m c th ngi khng t tng hp c nh:
tryptophan, lysine, valine, isoleucine, cystine, tyrosine(B3).
Nui d ly sa pht trin trong thi gian qua. Lng sa d ton cu nm 2000 l 12,8
triu tn, n 2011 l 15,8 triu tn, t l tng trng 24%. Nm 2011, chu dn u v
sn lng sa d vi hn 10 triu tn, chim 63% sn lng th gii, k n l chu u
(17%) v chu Phi (16%). C mc tng sn lng sa d nhiu l chu i Dng, tng
50% trong 10 nm, k n l chu 44,2%, trong khi chu Phi gim 5,7% (B4).
n l nc c sn lng sa d dn u th gii vi 4,6 triu tn, chim 28,98% sn
lng th gii, k n l Bangladesh vi 2,5 triu tn (15,74% sn lng th gii) (B5).
n phn ln sa d sn xut ra c tiu th ti ch, khc vi Php - ni sn xut nhiu
sa d chu u, c hn 90% sn lng sa d dng ch bin ph mai bn ra th trng.
B3: So snh thnh phn dinh dng trong sa d v cc loi sa khc (Tnh trong 100
g)
Ngun: http://en.wikipedia.org/
21
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B4: Pht trin sn lng sa d trn th gii

VT: ngn tn
B5: Quc gia c sn lng sa d nhiu nht, nm 2011
Gi sa d c khong cch rt ln gia cc nc nm 2000, Serbia ch 73,3 USD/tn,
trong khi Th Nh K xp x 500 USD/tn v gi sa y tng n 900 USD/tn vo
nm 2010, hn 4 ln gi sa Bulgaria. Nhn chung, gi sa d lun c xu th tng cc
nc (B 3).
B3: Gi sa d lun c xu hng tng
Tht d giu m v st, t cht bo v nng lng nn rt tt cho sc khe (B6). Sn
lng tht d trn th gii lun c xu th tng, d khng nhiu, t l tng trng trong 10
nm l 34,7%. Chu v chu Phi chim 93,2% tng n d, cung cp 94% tng sn
lng tht d cho ton th gii. n d chu Phi tng, nhng tng lng sa gim v sn
22
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lng tht tng cho thy xu hng pht trin n d hng tht khu vc ny. Mc tng n
tng sn lng tht d l chu i Dng, c t l tng trng 107,7% trong 10 nm, k
n l chu 40,9% (B7). Xu hng s dng tht d trn th gii sp ti s cn pht trin.
B6: So snh thnh phn dinh dng trong tht d v cc loi tht khc
(Tnh trong 3 oz. # 85 g tht nng)
Ngun: Suzanne Pish, Michigan State University Extension, USDA.

B7: Pht trin sn lng tht d trn th gii
VT: ngn tn
trends and orientations of raising goats, 2013
Vit Nam, d c chn th theo n cc vng g i, ng bi ven sng l chnh,
cha c u t thm canh, trang tri ln. Ninh Thun l tnh c n d ln nht.
Trong bo co Quy hoch, ti c cu ngnh chn nui tnh Ninh Thun n nm 2020
ca S Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn tnh Ninh Thun, tc tng n d giai on
2011 2015 l 3,8%/nm, giai on 2016 2020 tng 5,9%/nm; n nm 2015 t 75
ngn con v n nh khong 100 ngn con vo nm 2020 (B8).
B8: Quy m n, sn lng tht v sa d, tnh Ninh Thun
Ngun: S Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn tnh Ninh Thun, Quy hoch, ti c
23
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cu ngnh chn nui tnh Ninh Thun n nm 2020, 2014.

II.3. Hin trng ngnh nui d
II.3.1. c im chung c h
C h (danh php khoa hc: Catlocarpio siamensis) l loi c c kch thc ln nht
trong h C chp (Cyprinidae), thng thy sng cc sng Mae Klong, M
Kng v Chao Phraya ng Nam . Loi c ny ang bn b tuyt chng v b nh bt
n.
C h thng sinh sng nhng h ln cnh b nhng dng sng ln, nhng chng
cng c th bi vo nhng knh, rch, sng nh kim thc n trong mt s thi im.
C h non c th sng cc chi lu nh, hay cc m.
y l mt loi c di c. Mi thi k trong nm, chng li bi n mt ni khc m
chng a thch tm thc n hay sinh sn. Chng di chuyn khng nhanh, nn thc n
chnh ca chng l cc loi rong, hoa qu, ch t khi l cc ng vt sng. sng M
Kng, ngi ta thng thy ging c ny xut hin vo khong thng 10.
Ging c h c phn u kh to so vi thn. Tuy thuc h C chp, nhng c h
khng c ru. Ngi ta thy c con c h di ti 3 m, nng khong 600 kg. Vit Nam
thnh thong nh bt c loi t 100200 kg.
Campuchia c h c phong lm c quc gia.
II.3.2. c im chung c iu hng
C iu hng hay c diu hng hay cn gi l c r phi (danh php khoa
hc: Oreochromis sp.) l mt loi c nc ngt thuc h C r phi (Cichlidae) c ngun
gc hnh thnh t lai to. Thut ng diu hng hay iu hng c xut pht t vic dch
t ting Trung Quc. Vit Nam, ngi dn bn x cn gi c diu hng l c r v chng
c hnh dng v mu sc ging nhau.
C diu hng thc cht l "con lai" ca c r phi en, tht ca hai con c ny c
thnh phn cht dinh dng nh nhau. C diu hng c ngi Trung Qucpht hin v
ph bin Vit Nam c bit l c nui kh ph bin vngng bng sng Cu
Long v c nhiu ngi tiu dng a chung nn gi bn cao hn c r phi en.
II.4. Chin lc pht trin chn nui n 2020 ca Chnh ph
Theo Quyt nh s 10/2008/Q-TTg ngy 16/1/2008 ca Th tng Chnh ph v
vic ph duyt Chin lc pht trin chn nui n nm 2020 vi quan im pht trin
ngnh chn nui tr thnh ngnh sn xut hng ho, tng bc p ng nhu cu thc phm
cho tiu dng trong nc v xut khu. Tp trung pht trin sn phm chn nui c li th
v kh nng cnh tranh nh ln, gia cm, b. ng thi pht trin sn phm chn nui c
sn ca vng, a phng. Khuyn khch cc t chc v c nhn u t pht trin chn
24
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nui theo hng trang tri, cng nghip, ng thi h tr, to iu kin h chn nui theo
phng thc truyn thng chuyn dn sang phng thc chn nui trang tri, cng nghip.
Vi mc tiu pht trin c th nh sau: Giai on 2010 - 2015 t khong 6 - 7%
nm v giai on 2015 - 2020 t khong 5 - 6% nm. Sn lng tht x cc loi n nm
2010 t khong 3,200 ngn tn, trong tht b chim 3%. n nm 2020 t khong
5,500 ngn tn, trong tht b 4%. nh hng pht trin n nm 2020, tng n b sa
tng bnh qun trn 11% nm, t khong 500 ngn con, trong 100% s lng b sa
c nui thm canh v bn thm canh.
Chn nui b tht tp trung Bc Trung B, Duyn hi Nam Trung B, Ty
Nguyn, ng Nam B v mt s vng c kinh nghim chn nui v kh nng u t. Ci
tin nng cao tm vc n b theo hng Zbu ho trn c s pht trin nhanh mng li
th tinh nhn to v s dng b c ging tt qua chn lc cho nhn ging nhng ni
cha c iu kin lm th tinh nhn to. Chn lc trong sn xut cc ging b Zebu, b sa
cao sn v nhp ni b sung mt s ging b c kh nng thch nghi vi iu kin sinh thi
trong nc to n ci nn phc v cho lai to ging b sa v b tht cht lng cao,
cung cp b c cho nui v bo b tht. Nhp b sung tinh b tht cao sn, b sa nng
sut cao v mt s b c cao sn sn xut tinh.
+ V ti chnh: Ngn sch Nh nc s h tr c s h tng, con ging cho cc
vng su vng xa, thc n cho gia sc, h tr cho vic t chc hi ch, trin lm, hi thi v
u gi ging vt nui. Nh nc h tr cho vay u t d n pht trin ging vt nui, xy
dng mi, m rng c s chn nui gia sc gia cm, c s c s git m, ch bin gia sc,
gia cm theo hng cng nghip. Cc ngn hng thng mi bo m vn vay cho cc t
chc, c nhn vay u t c s vt cht, i mi cng ngh, con ging pht trin chn
nui v git m, bo qun, ch bin cng nghip.
U ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng cn c iu kin c th
tng a phng trnh Hi ng nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng c chnh
sch h tr li sut tin vay cho cc d n u t pht trin chn nui, git m, bo qun,
ch bin cng nghip trn a bn. Xy dng chnh sch bo him sn xut vt nui
khc phc ri ro v thin tai, dch bnh, gi c... theo nguyn tc: ngn sch nh nc h
tr mt phn, ngui chn nui tham gia ng gp v ngun hp php khc.
+ V thng mi: T chc li h thng tiu th sn phm, khuyn khch t chc, c
nhn u t xy dng ch u gi ging vt nui, sn phm chn nui v kiot tiu th sn
phm chn nui. Trin khai c hiu qu chng trnh xc tin thng mi, t chc hi ch,
trin lm, pht trin th trng.
+ V t ai: Ch c s chn nui trang tri, tp trung cng nghip v git m, bo
qun, ch bin cng nghip c h tr, to iu kin thun li giao t, thu t theo quy
nh ca php lut v t ai, c u i cao nht v thu tin s dng t v thi gian s
dng t.
+ V thc n: Xy dng chng trnh pht trin thc n v nui dng vt nui
theo hng s dng thc n, cc cht dinh dng, ph gia v khng sinh trong khu phn
25
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chn nui phi m bo nhu cu sinh trng, pht trin, sn xut ca vt nui v an ton
th y, an ton v sinh thc phm. Pht trin phng thc chn nui theo hng s dng
thc n chn nui cng nghip v qua ch bin. Nguyn liu v thc n chn nui phi
c kim sot, m bo cht lng trc khi s dng cho vt nui. i vi thc n chn
nui cng nghip phi c ngun gc ni sn xut, nh cung cp, c nhn mc cht lng,
bao b quy cch theo tiu chun ca nh sn xut ph hp vi tiu chun c c quan
qun l nh nc cng nhn.
26
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CHNG III: PHN TCH MI TRNG U T

III.1. iu kin t nhin
III.1.1. V tr a l
D n Trang tri VAC Hu Giang d tnh c u t huyn Phng Hip l
mt huyn ca tnh Hu Giang (trc nm 2004 l tnh Cn Th), Vit Nam. Huyn Phng
Hip l ni c khu di tch lch s vn ha l Khu u ban lin hip nh chin Nam b
nm 1954 thuc th trn Phng Hip v khu cn c Tnh u Cn Th...
Trc nm 2005, a bn huyn Phng Hip bao gm c th x Ng By ngy nay,
ng thi huyn l huyn Phng Hip cng c t ti th trn Phng Hip c. Ngy 26
thng 7 nm 2005, do cn c theo Ngh nh s 98/2005/N-CP, vng t bao gm th trn
Phng Hip, cc x i Thnh, Tn Thnh v mt phn x Phng Hip c tch ra
thnh lp mi th x Tn Hip, n ngy 27 thng 10 nm 2006 li i tn thnh th x Ng
By. Cng t nm2005, huyn l huyn Phng Hip c di v th trn Cy Dng
Huyn Phng Hip nm pha ng ca tnh Hu Giang, a hnh chy theo sng,
knh, rch v cc ng Quc l chnh nh; ng tnh 927,ng 928, Quc l 61 tip
gip vi cc huyn, tnh khc nh sau: Pha Bc gip huyn Chu Thnh A, tnh Hu
Giang; Pha ng gip huyn Chu Thnh v th x Ng By, tnh Hu Giang; Pha Nam
gip huyn Chu Thnh v huyn My T tnh Sc Trng; Pha Ty gip huyn V Thy v
huyn Long My, tnh Hu Giang. Huyn chia thnh 15 n v hnh chnh gm 03 th trn:
Cy Dng, Kinh Cng, Bng Tu v 12 x: Phng Hip, Long Thnh, Thnh Ha, Tn
Bnh, Ha An, Hip Hng, Tn Phc Hng, Ha My, Phng Bnh, Phng Ph, Tn
Long v Bnh Thnh.
III.1.2. a hnh
a hnh ca huyn nhn chung kh bng phng, cao c xu th thp dn theo
hng t Bc xung Nam, t ng sang Ty thp dn vo gia huyn, to thnh cc
khu vc c a hnh cao thp khc nhau.
III.1.3. Kh hu
Huyn Phng Hip nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma cn xch o vi
nhng c trng sau:
Nhit cao u trong nm (trung bnh 26,8oC), thng 4 nng nht (nhit trung
bnh 28,3oC) v thng ging thp nht (nhit trung bnh 25,5oC). Nng nhiu (trung bnh
2.445 gii/nm, 6,7 gii/ngy), iu kin kh hu kh thun li cy trng sinh trng
pht trin tt, cho nng sut v cht lng sn phm cao.
Lng ma bnh qun nm t 1.635 mm v phn ha su sc theo ma. Ma ma
bt u t thng 4 n thng 11 vi lng ma chim 90% tng lng ma trong nm.
Ma kh bt u t thng 12 n thng 3 vi lng ma ch chim 10% tng lng
ma trong nm.
27
---------------------------------------------------------------------------III.1.4. Kh hu
Phng Hip c h thng sng ngi chng cht vi nhiu con sng ln nh. Sng Hu
l ngun cung cp nc ch yu trn a bn huyn vi ngun nc di do quanh nm to
iu kin thun li cho vic pht trin kinh t -x hi ca huyn c bit l trong lnh vc
nng nghip.
III.2. Kinh t-x hi
III.2.1. Nng nghip
Nng nghip vn l th mnh ca huyn, nhng nm qua, ngnh nng nghip huyn
chuyn i c cu cy trng vt nui, trn c s quy hoch pht trin sn xut hp l, ph
hp vi iu kin th nhng v sinh thi ca tng vng. Nm 2012 ton huyn gieo trng
c 52.035 ha la (3 v), sn lng 295.543 tn. Nhiu vng chuyn canh la, ma, cy
n tri, nui trng thy sn, mang li hiu qu kinh t cao ng gp tch cc vo vic
nng cao mc sng ngi dn, xa h i, gim h ngho.
Ngoi la v cy n tri, huyn Phng Hip cn ch trng pht trin cy ma, l vng
nguyn liu ma ca tnh Hu Giang. Nin v ma nm 2012, huyn Phng Hip trng
c 9.705 ha, sn lng 823.836 tn, gi bn t 780 960 /kg; gn trung tm huyn
Phng Hip l Cng ty Ma ng - cn Long My Pht v nh my ng Phng Hip
l iu kin thun li tiu th ma trn a bn huyn. Bn cnh th mnh cy la v cy
ma truyn thng, huyn Phng Hip cn tn dng li th t nhin y mnh nui trng
thy sn. Phong tro chn nui thy sn huyn Phng Hip n r trong vi nm gn y.
Bc u chn nui theo hnh thc bn cng nghip, ch yu trong ao, vo, lng... ven cc
tuyn knh, rch. Mi khi ma nc v, thay v sn xut la v 3 km hiu qu, ngi dn
chuyn sang nui c di rung.
Tuy nhin, do quy m cc m hnh sn xut nh, ch gp phn ci thin cuc sng cho
nhiu h dn nng thn, ch cha th khai thc ht tim nng, th mnh nui trng thy
sn ti a phng. V thy sn nm 2012 ton huyn th nui 3.999,05 ha c cc loi vi
sn lng 30.694,5 tn. Da vo li th t nhin ca 2 x Hip Hng v Tn Phc Hng
c cc tuyn knh ln nh: knh Qun l Phng Hip, Li Hiu, Cy Dng..., huyn
Phng Hip quy hoch thnh cng vng nui thy sn c gi tr thng phm ca khu
vc ng bng Sng Cu Long v phc v cho xut khu.
III.2.2. Cng nghip:
Nm trn a bn huyn l cc Cng ty: Cng ty c phn Vit Long VDCO sn xut thc
n chn nui thy sn, Cng ty TNHH hi sn Vit Hi v mt s Hp tc x lm n c
hiu qu. Nhm phc v cho nhu cu nui trng thy sn trn a bn huyn cng nh cc
huyn khc trong tnh v cc tnh ln cn. Sn xut cng nghip - tiu th cng nghip:
ton huyn c 765 c s CN-TTCN vi trn 3.529 lao ng. V hot ng sn xut tng
sn lng cng nghip - tiu th cng nghip t 1.182 t ng. V thng mi, dch v:
tng gi tr t 3.172 t ng.
III.2.3. Giao thng
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Trong nhng nm gn y, huyn Phng Hip v ang tp trung u t pht trin

mng li giao thng b t bit l giao thng nng thn.
H thng giao thng nng thn ng b, v c bn, hon chnh. Trc y, phng
tin giao thng nng thn ch yu l ghe, tu, th n nay xe 2 bnh d dng i li trong c
hai ma ma nng, trn tt c cc tuyn ng nng thn; xe t con t trung tm huyn
n c tt c cc x, th trn trn a bn..
III.2.4. Dn c
Dn s trung bnh ca huyn: 193.704 ngi, dn c phn b khng u, tp trung nhiu
nng thn (170.496 ngi), thnh th (23.208 ngi).
III.2.5 Vn ha thng tin
Phng Hip c 01 Trung tm vn ha, 11 nh vn ha vi 12 th vin, phng c sch
v 112 nh thng tin, p ng nhu cu v vn ha thng tin cho nhn dn trn a bn
huyn. Phong tro vn ha vn ngh, th dc th thao c pht ng rng ri trong mi
tng lp nhn dn v c duy tr thng xuyn. H thng truyn thanh c b tr u
khp, 15 x, th trn c ph sng pht thanh, cht lng tin bi v thi lng pht sng
c nng ln, pht huy tt vai tr c bn l cu ni gn lin gia ng vi dn, gia dn
vi ng.
III.2.6 Chnh sch x hi
Huyn lun ch trng n cng tc thng binh x hi, xy dng quy n n p ngha,
gii quyt chnh sch i vi cc gia nh c cng vi cch mng nh chi tr v tr cp,
lng cho cc i tng chnh sch kp thi, xy dng nh tnh ngha, lp s vng tit
kim
III.3. Gio dc
Hin nay, huyn Phng Hip hin hn 1.440 Gio vin t bc tiu hc n ph thng
trung hc v s phng hc l 751 vi 27.373 hc sinh cc cp. Ton huyn c 55 im
Trng trong : c 39 Trng Tiu hc, 12 Trng trung hc c s v 4 Trng ph
thng trung hc.
III.4. Nhn xt chung
T nhng phn tch trn, ch u t nhn thy rng khu vc xy dng d n rt
thun li tin hnh thc hin. Cc yu t v t nhin, kinh t, h tng l nhng yu t
lm nn s thnh cng ca mt d n u t vo lnh vc chn nui trang tri VAC.
29
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CHNG IV: S CN THIT U T

IV.1. S cn thit u t d n
Trang tri VAC cn c vn u t ban u kh cao, c v tr a l thun li v kh
hu, t ai, ngun nc ngoi ra cn phi c kinh nghim v tay ngh ky thut ca
chuyn gia th lc mi pht trin bn vng c. V vy sau nhiu nm n lc, sn
lng b tht, sa d vn cha p ng nhu cu. iu ny s nh hng rt ln n
ngnh chn nui v ch bin ti a phng.
ng trc nguy c , chnh quyn phi tm cch y mnh s pht trin ca
ngnh chn nui b tht d ly sa v c h trong nc. D n tng n b tht, d v c
h l mt chin lc cn thit v lu di Vit Nam ni chung, tnh Hu Giang ni ring
nhm ch ng cng nh p ng c nhu cu tiu th tht b, sa d v c h ngy cng
tng ca th trng trong nc.
Sau khi nghin cu v nm vng cc yu t kinh t v ky thut trong lnh vc ny,
Cng ty chng ti quyt nh u t xy dng Trang tri VAC trang tri mi ti huyn
Phng Hip tnh Hu Giang, mt ni c kh hu n ha, ngun nc di do v t ai
mu m. Vng t ny ha hn s l khu lin hp ln nht, hin i nht tnh bng vic p
dng nhng ky thut tin tin nht hin nay. T chng ti tin tng rng khng bao lu
na nhn dn tnh Hu Giang v cc tnh trong khu vc s c hng th cc sn phm t
tht sa tt nht m d n em li vi cht lng v gi c cnh tranh.
Vi nim tin sn phm do chng ti to ra s c ngi tiu dng trong tnh v
khu vc a chung, vi nim t ho s gp phn tng gia tri t ng san ph m nng nghi p,
tng thu nh p va nng cao i s ng cua nhn dn ng thi to vic lm cho lao ng ti
a phng, chng ti tin rng d n dng trang tri VAC cng ngh mi ti huyn Phng
Hip tnh Hu Giang l s u t cn thit trong giai on hin nay.
IV.2. Mc tiu ca d n
D n trang tri VAC cng ngh mi ti Phng Hip tnh Hu Giang theo m hnh
khp kn t trng trt, chn nui n ch bin nhm cung cp mt lng ln tht b ti
cng nh cc sn phm vi cht lng cao, gi thnh thp cho nhn dn tnh Hu Giang
v c Vit Nam.
V vy, pht trin v t hiu qu cao trong thi gian ti, d n cn thc hin
nhng mc tiu sau:
- T chc d n trang tri VAC cng ngh mi ti Phng Hip tnh Hu Giang theo
phng chm "nng sut cao - chi ph thp - pht trin bn vng".
- Nng cao cht lng tht cho ngi tiu dng, gi thnh sn phm thp. Xy dng
thng hiu ca cng ty ln mnh v c tm c.
- Xy dng m hnh chn nui theo hng chuyn nghip, p dng cng ngh cao,
tp trung gim chi ph, tng hiu qu, gip ngnh chn nui pht trin bn vng.
30
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CHNG V: GII PHP THC HIN D N

V.1. V chn nui b tht
V.1.1. Ging b tht
Chn b c ging
Nhng con b c khi lng s sinh, cai sa cao, kh nng sinh trng tt, tiu tn
thc n cho 1 kg tng trng thp, khng c bnh v c tnh hng ca ca con c.
Nhng con b c truyn ging trc tip khng nn s dng qu 2 - 3 nm. i con
d b ng huyt. Nn i b c ging ni ny vi ni khc.
Chn b ci
Nhng b ci c gi li lm sinh sn c khi lng s sinh, cai sa cao. V n c
tng quan thun vi tc sinh trng khi c nui dng tt; c ngoi hnh cn i, to
mng, rng hng, tui phi ging ln u 15 - 18 thng. Khong cch gia 2 la 13 - 15
thng th b con sinh ra tng trng nhanh, khng b bnh, nhng b ci khng tho mn
yu cu trn phi loi thi git tht, khng bn b ci km cht lng cho cc h gia
nh khc.
31
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V.1.2. Ngun thc n

Thc n th xanh
Thc n th xanh l tn gi chung ca cc loi c xanh, thn l cy cn xanh, k c

mt s loi rau xanh v v ca nhng qu nhiu nc....c im ca thc n th xanh l
cha nhiu nc, d tiu ha, c tnh ngon ming v gia sc thch n. Ni chung thc n
xanh c t l cn i gia cc cht dinh dng, cha nhiu protein v vitamin cht lng
cao. C th, ngun thc n ch yu nui b l c t nhin v c trng.
C t nhin l hn hp cc loi c ha tho, ch yu l c g, c l tre, c mt.... C
t nhin mc trn cc g, bi, b , b rung, trong vn cy, cng vin,... C t nhin c
th c s dng cho b ngay trn ng bi di hnh thc chn th hoc cng c th thu
ct v v cho n ti chung. Thnh phn dinh dng v cht lng c t nhin bin ng
rt ln v ty thuc vo ma v trong nm, ni c mc, giai on pht trin ca c (non
hay gi) v thnh phn cc loi c trong thm c. Khi s dng c t nhin cn lu trnh
cho b b ri lon tiu ha hoc ng c bng cch sau khi thu ct v phi ra sch c
loi c bi bn, cc ha cht c hi, thuc tr su. Loi c cn non hoc c thu ct ngay
sau khi mua cn phi c phi ngay phng b b chng bng y hi.
C l thc n quan trng khng th thiu trong qu trnh chn nui b, cung cp
cht x cho b. Di y l cc loi c cho b:
C voi (Penisetum purpuseum): thuc h ho tho sng lu nin. Thn r cng, ho
g, mang nhiu r kho v n su; thn ng ging cy ma, cao 3-4m, mc thnh bi di
rng rut, c nhiu t. C voi c trng bng hom thn, mc rt nhanh v kho, trng
mt ln thu hoch 4-5 nm mi phi trng li, mi nm ct c 7-8 la, nng sut c ti
t 120-150 tn/ha/nm. Trng thm canh v thu ct kp thi nng sut gp i, thm ch
c th t 400 tn/ha/nm nh Gia Lm (H Ni) C Chi, Hc Mn (TP. H Ch Minh).
C s (Panicum maximum): Mc thnh bi nh cy s, cn gi l c Ghi N v c
ngun gc t Ghi N c nhp vo nc ta t 50-60 nm nay v tr thnh c mc t
nhin nhiu a phng trong c nc. C s c trng lm thc n xanh th cho tru,
b, nga dng ti ngoi bi chn hoc xanh v phi kh d tr. Trng mt ln c th
thu hoch 3-4 nm, mi nm ct 8-10 la. Nu chm sc tt c th t 280-300 tn/ha/nm.
C Stylo (Stylosathes hamata): L ging c h u, thn ng, phn nhiu cnh, c
th cao ti 1 m. B r rt pht trin n su xung t khong 70cm, do nhiu ni cn
trng chng xi mn t, bo v thn p rt tt. y l loi thc n xanh rt tt cho
gia sc v gia cm v c t l m cao v chng thch n. C Stylo trng mt ln c th thu
hoch 4-5 nm, nng sut c th t 90- 100 tn/ha/ nm nu c chm sc, thm canh
tt.
C h u (Centro sema v Centro cavalcade): C h u thng cho nng sut cao
mi loi t, mi iu kin kh hu. C h u mc dy thnh lp nn c th trng thnh
ng c chn th hoc ct lm c kh d tr qua ng cho b rt tt. Mt khc c h u
c kh nng c nh m cho t rt ln (120kg nitrogen/ha) nn va c gi tr ci to t
va dng lm thc n cho gia sc, c bit l chn nui b. C th trng xen c h u vi
32
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cc loi c khc. Gieo trng ch yu bng ht vi lng 3kg/ha lm ng c chn th

hoc 10kg/ha nu trng ct c lm c kh.
C Pt (Paspalum Attratum) thuc loi c bi thn cao. C th sinh trng tt
nhng chn t ngho dinh dng v t chua c pH < 4. C Pt thch hp vi kh hu
m, thch nghi vi nhng vng thng b ngp lt. Lng cht xanh cao, b rt thch n.
C th trng bng thn hom hoc gieo ht vi lng 5-6 kg/ha. Trng mt ln thu hoc lin
tc 3 nm mi trng li.
C Signal (Brachiaria dicumben): Thch nghi rng vi nhiu iu kin kh hu, t
ai nhiu ni nc ta. C Signal c th sinh trng tt nhng vng t ngho dinh
dng v vng t chua phn (pH<4) Nhng ni c ma kh ko di chng vn gi c
mu xanh, cnh tranh vi c di, chu c s dm p ca gia sc nn thch hp cho xy
dng ng c chn th thng xuyn.
Vic trng c rt quan trng, c bit l trong chn nui thm canh v chn nui
theo quy m trang tri. Trng c bo m ch ng c ngun thc n th xanh cht lng
v n nh quanh nm. Lng c cho b thay i ty theo tng i tng, trung bnh mi
ngy c th cho mt con n mt lng c ti bng 10 - 12% th trng ca n.
33
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Thc n tinh
L nhng thc n c khi lng nh nhng hm lng cht dinh dng cao. Nhm
thc n ny bao gm cc loi ht ng cc v bt ca chng (ng, m, go,..), bt ca cc
cy c c, cc loi ht ca cy h u v cc loi thc n tinh hn hp c sn xut cng
nghip.
c im ca thc n tinh l hm lng nc v x u thp, cha nhiu cht dinh
dng quan trng nh protein, cht bt ng, cht bo, cc cht khong v vitamin. T l
tiu ha cc cht dinh dng kh cao.
Thng thng ngi ta thng s dng thc n tinh hon thin cc khu phn n
cu thnh t thc n th. Mc d, thc n tinh c hm lng cc cht dinh dng cao
nhng khng th ch dng mt mnh n nui b m phi dng c cc loi thc n th
bo m cho qu trnh tiu ha din ra bnh thng.
Bt ng: L loi thc n tinh quan trng trong chn nui b. Bt ng c hm lng
tinh bt cao v c s dng nh mt ngun cung cp nng lng. Tuy nhin, cng nh
cm go, khng nn ch s dng bt ng nh mt ngun thc n tinh duy nht m phi trn
thm bt xng, bt s v mui n vo khu phn, bi v hm lng cc cht khong nht
l canxi v photpho trong bt ng thp.
Bt sn: Bt sn c sn xut ra t sn c thi thnh lt v phi kh. Bt sn l
loi thc n tinh giu cht ng v tinh bt nhng li ngho cht protein, canxi v
photpho. V vy, khi s dng bt sn cn b sung thm ur, cc loi thc n giu protein
nh b u nnh, b bia v cc cht khong nng cao gi tr dinh dng ca khu phn
v lm cho khu phn cn i hn. Bt sn l loi thc n r, lt sn phi kh c th bo
34
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qun d dng quanh nm. Mt im bt li ca sn l c cha axt HCl c i vi gia sc.

lm gim hm lng ca loi axt ny nn s dng c sn bc v, ngm vo nc v
thay nc nhiu ln trc khi thi thnh lt v phi kh. Cng c th nu chn loi b
HCl.
Thc n p
L loi thc n c to ra thng qua qu trnh d tr cc loi thc n th xanh di
hnh thc chua. Nh chua, ngi ta c th bo qun thc n trong thi gian di, ch
ng c thc n cho b, nht l vo thi k khan him c t nhin. Ngoi ra, chua cn
lm tng t l tiu ha cho thc n, do cc cht kh tiu trong thc n b mm ra hoc
chuyn sang dng d tiu.
Thc n chua tt c c tnh sau:
- C mi thm d chu (Nu c mi kh ngi chng t b thi hng)
- C v hi chua, khng ng v khng chua gt.
- Mu ng u, gn tng t nh mu ca cy trc khi em (hi nht hn mt
cht).
- Khng c nm mc.
- Gia sc thch n.
V nguyn tc, ngi ta c th chua cc loi thc n xanh, k c thc n ht v c
qu. Nhng thng thng ngi ta thng chua thn cy, l cy ng, c voi, c t nhin
v trong khi ngi ta thng thm r mt ng v mui. C th s dng thc n chua
thay th mt phn c ti. Lng thay th khong 15 20kg.
Thc n b sung
L nhng thc n c thm vo khu phn vi s lng nh cn bng mt s
cht dinh dng thiu ht nh: Protein, khong v vitamin. Trong s cc loi thc n b
sung, quan trng nht l Ur v hn hp khong.
Trong Ur l mt trong nhng cht cha Nit phi protein c s dng t lu
v rng ri trong chn nui b. S d loi gia sc nhai li s dng c Ur v trong d c
ca chng c cc qun th vi sinh vt c kh nng bin i, phn gii nito trong ur v tng
hp nn cc cht protein c gi tr sinh vt hc cao cung cp cho c th.
Ngi ta c th s dng ur theo 4 cch: trn vo thc n hn hp, trn vo r mt
ng, trn vi mt s thnh phn lm bnh dinh dng v trn vi c hoc rm. Khi s
dng ur cn ch mt s vn sau:
- Ch b sung ur khi khu phn c s thiu N cn cho vi sinh vt d c. Ch , b
sung 1g Ur cung cp thm c 1.45g PDIN.
- Phi m bo c Gluxit d ln men trong khu phn ca b nhm gip cho vi
sinh vt trong d c c nng lng s dng amoniac phn gii ra t ur v tng hp
nn protein vi sinh vt.
- i vi nhng con b trc cha n ur th cn c thi gian tp lm quen bng
35
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cch hng ngy cho n tng t mt v thi gian ko di t 5 n 10 ngy.

- Ch s dng ur cho b ln, khng s dng cho b non v h vi sinh vt d c ca
chng cha pht trin hon chnh.
- Khi b sung ur vo khu phn c th b khng thch n, v vy cn trn ur vi
mt s loi thc n khc. C th cho thm r mt ng gia sc d n v cho n lm
nhiu ln trong ngy, mi ln 1 t.
- Khng ha ur vo nc cho b ung.
Cm go
Cm go l ph phm ca xay xt go v c dng ph bin trong chn nui gia
sc nhai li. Thnh phn ha hc v gi tr dinh dng ca cm go ph thuc vo quy
trnh xay xt thc, thi gian bo qun cm. Cm go cn c mi thm, v ngt, gia sc nhai
li thch n. Nhng cm go lu, nht l trong iu kin bo qun km, du trong cm s
b oxy ha, cm tr nn hi, kht, c v ng, thm ch b vn cc, b mc v khng dng
c na.
Cm go c th c coi l loi thc n cung cp nng lng v protein. Tuy nhin
khng nn ch s dng cm go trong khu phn, bi v hm lng canxi trong cm qu
thp. Cn b sung bt xng, bt s v mui n vo khu phn cha nhiu cm go.
V.1.3. Chm sc v nui dng
Nui b ci sinh sn c b nui tht
Trong ky thut nui b tht, nui b ci sinh sn v nui b ly tht c mi quan h
mt thit v h tr ln nhau, v mun c n b nui tht phi c n b ci sinh sn c t
l cao, nui con tt, c nhiu b a vo nui tht th hiu sut sn xut tht ca mt b
ci sinh sn mi cao, v vy trong t chc nui b tht cng phi ch n c cu n.
Nu trong trang tri va nui b m va nui b tht th c cu n t nht phi c
trn 40% b ci sinh sn v 10 - 12% b ci hu b. Nu b sinh ra nui n 6 thng hoc 7
- 8 thng tui, bn ging hoc chuyn qua ni khc nui tht, th trong c cu n phi c
55 - 60% b ci sinh sn v 12 - 15% b ci hu b. Tt c nhng b gi, m yu t, nn
si nn loi khi n.
c ging c vai tr quyt nh trong pht trin tng u con, nu cn c nui
dng tt (ngoi c ti, mi ngy mi c ging n 4 - 6kg thc n tinh hoc cm) v s
dng hp l. c ging trng thnh mt ngy cho phi ging 2 - 3 ln vi thi gian ngh
1 - 2 ngy. c ging to cho phi 1 - 2 ln trong ngy vi khong cch 2 ngy.
Sau mi ln phi ging phi cho b n bi dng thm thc n tinh. Mi c ging
dng phi ging khng qu 40 - 50 con b ci sinh sn trong mt ma phi ging.
Nui b sinh sn cho sa hay nui b sinh sn ly tht, mun c nng sut sa v
tht cao, b m phi c phi ging c cha sau khi 2 - 3 thng.
Nui b m trong thi k c cha: Sinh trng ca b sau cai sa ph thuc rt
nhiu vo vic nui dng, chm sc b m lc c cha. Tiu chun v khu phn n cho
36
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b ci c xy dng da trn c s nhu cu dinh dng cho duy tr, nui thai, tit sa v
kh nng cung cp thc n hin c ca tng vng.
Nhu cu dinh dng ca b ci sinh sn
Khi lng Tng trng VCK n vo
b (kg)
(g/ngy)
(kg)
000
4,0
200
250
4,9
500
5,6
000
4,8
250
250
5,8
500
6,2
000
5,5
300
250
6,7
500
7,1
Nhu cu dinh dng b ci c cha
200
600
5,2
250
600
6,5
300
600
7,4
Nhu cu dinh dng b ci nui con
200
5,1
250
6,4
300
7,3
Quy ra c
ti (kg)
20
24,5
28
24
29
31
27,5
33,5
35,5
26
32,5
37
25,5
32
36,5
Khu phn nui dng b ci 200 - 220kg nh sau :

- Chn th hng ngy: 7 - 8 gi.
- C xanh: 10kg.
- Bt sn hoc cm: 1kg.
- Kh du lc: 0.2kg.
- Premix khong - vitamin 20g.
Khi b c cha hoc nui con nn cho n thay th kh du bng bt c nhm tng
lng protein trong khu phn b ci nui thai v to sa cho con b.
Nui dng b con giai on b sa
Nui dng b con l mt trong nhng cng vic d lm tt v b con b m trc
tip. Khi b con b m trc tip th vic nui b tr nn n gin hn nhiu, chnh v n
gin nn n cng l mt cng vic t c quan tm. Nhiu b con b cht trong tun u
mi sinh c nguyn nhn khng c chm sc tt.
37
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Sau khi sanh b phi c b sa u t m n, v sa u cung cp cht dinh

dng c bit cao cho b con, sa u cn cung cp khng th gip b chng li bnh v
v trong sa u c nhng cht gip b tng cht thi ng tiu ha ra ngoi. Nu v
mt l do no b m sau khi sanh khng sa u cho con b th vic cho b b sa
u t con b m khc (nu c) l vic cn thit. Trong khong 10 ngy u b cn
yu, nn nht b m cng vi b con ti chung hoc ct di bng cy rm mt sch s,
khng th b m dn theo b ra ng. B con c b m t do, thng th b c th b 34 ln/ngy. Sau 2 tun tui b bt u tp n rm c, c th dng c non phi ho dnh cho
b tp n. Phi lun c mng ung trong c nc sch cho b ung, nht l vo
nhng ngy nng nng. Nhu cu nc ca b sau 1 thng tui c th t 5-10 lt mi ngy.
Mc d trong sa c kh y cc cht dinh dng nhng so vi yu cu ca b
con th sa vn thiu mt s khong cht v vitamin, nht l st v vitamin D.
V vy nn b sung thm khong di dng lim v cho b vn ng di nh
nng mt tri bui sng. Tp cho b con n c non v thc n hn hp t tun th 4. iu
ny c 2 im li, th nht l d c pht trin tt gip b n c nhiu thc n th sau
ny, th 2 l b m hao mn c th v nhanh ln ging tr li. n thng tui th 4
gim s ln b m ch cho b mt ln/ngy v sau 5 thng tui th cai sa hn. Trc v
sau khi cai sa phi chc chn rng b c n khong 1-1,2kg thc n tinh mi ngy.
Khng trn ln thc n tinh vi nc, lm nh vy thc n s b chua d gy ra bnh
ng tiu ha. Khu phn nui dng b tht giai on b sa xem bng 7.4- 7.6.
Sc khe ca b l iu cn phi ht sc quan tm. Khi nui dng khng ng, b
thiu cht dinh dng s c biu hin: lng th nhm khng bng mt, thay i mu sc
v sng ca lng, rng lng, cc khp xng phnh to hn bnh thng. Chung tri
sch s, khng kh trong lnh v nc sch lc no cng l yu cu thit yu b c
sc khe tt. Cho n tht thng, cht lng thc n km, thiu nc ung b c th biu
hin a nm, tiu chy hoc nn ma.
c mt con b ln nhanh, khe mnh cn nui dng tt ngay khi b m c thai
v v sinh tt khi b m sanh b. B sanh ra phi c b sa u sm v y thc n
th cht lng tt, thc n tinh, khong v vitamin. Chung tri lun kh ro v sch s.
B lai gia b Vng ta vi b c Sind nu nui dng tt th sau 5 thng tui t trn
di 90kg.
C th tham kho cng thc phi hp sau:
+40% Bp vng
+25% Tm go
+25% Kh du nnh hoc ht nnh rang
+7% R mt
+1,8 % Bt xng
+1,2% Hn hp mui n, khong vi lng v vitamin A v D
B c cho n t do t tun tui th 2. Khi no b n c 0,5 kg/ngy th gim
dn sa. Khi b n c 1,0-1,5 kg cm mi ngy th dng hn sa. Khi b c 3
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thng tui th thc n tinh cho b khng cn cho thm khng sinh. Sau 6 thng tui th thc
n tinh c th cho thm ure, hoc cho n thc n tinh ca b ln.
Nui b sau giai on cai sa n 12 thng tui
i vi nhng trang tri chn nui vi s lng ln th b con sau khi tch m phi
nui thnh tng nhm c cng la tui, hoc chnh lch nhau ti a 2 thng tui. Chung
nui b phi c tiu kh hu tt, thng thong v nn chung khng ly li vo ma ma,
qu li lm vo ma kh. Chung b phi cch ri chung b ln gim thiu s nhim
k sinh trng, gim s ly lan bnh v cho php ta kim sot c vic chm sc nui
dng. C khu t c ro quy li cho b vn ng.
Cn ch rng, sau cai sa (5 thng) d c ca b cha pht trin hon thin v vy
chng khng th sinh trng v pht trin tt vi ngun thc n duy nht l c v rm. Sau
6 thng tui, khi m chc nng d c hon thin th b cng khng th t kim sng
bng lng c chng n c ngoi bi chn. Chnh v vy t sau cai sa n khong 12
thng tui, ngoi thi gian chn th ngoi ng, b phi c b sung thm c xanh non
cht lng cao ti chung (n t do) v ti thiu 1kg thc n tinh mi ngy.
Sau 12 thng tui ty theo ngoi hnh vc dng ca b m gim hoc ngng hn
vic b sung thc n tinh. Tng dn lng thc n th cht lng thp nh rmr. C th
tham kho tiu chun, khu phn n cho b lai bng 7.7- 7.8 lm cnc nui dng.
Nui dng tt th b lai Sind t khi lng 180-190kg v b lai 75% mu b chuyn tht
c th t khi lng 260-270kg vo lc 12 thng tui. B cit khilng phi ging lc
17-18 thng tui. Trong giai on 10-12 thng tui nhiu b thnh thc v tnh v vy
phi thin b c hoc nui tch ring b c khi n ci.
Nui b ci hu b t 13 thng tui n trc khi la u
B ci c th d dng t tng trng trung bnh 350g/ngy giai on sau 12 thng
tui. B ci lai hng chuyn tht c th t 450 g/ngy. Giai on ny nhiu b ci ln
ging ln u, tuy vy ta khng phi ging ln u sm khi tui b v khi lng cha t.
Ch phi ging ln u tin cho b ci khi b c 17-18 thng tui v t khi lng
bng 70% khi lng lc trng thnh. Th d b ci lai trng thnh 270kg th s phi
ging cho b t ln u khi t khi lng 180-190kg. Trng hp b ci t khi lng
phi ging trc khi tui cn non (12-13 thng) ta vn cha phi cho b m i n 15-16
thng mi phi. Phi tr th b m sau ny ln con v nui b nhanh ln hn.
Nhng n khng s dng phi ging nhn to, s phi ging ca b c cn c
kim sot bng cch tch ring b c khi n b ci, b ci c em n ch b c
phi. Ch gieo tinh cc ging b sa, b tht cao sn cho b ci lai Sind t la th 2 v
trn nhng b ci c khi lng t 250kg tr ln. Khi b ci mang thai la u, c th vn
tip tc ln, v vy phi chm sc nui dng b ci tht tt sau ny tr thnh b m
ln con v b con sinh ra cng nng cn, nhanh ln.
Khu phn n ca b ci mang thai la u ging nh khu phn n ca b ci
39
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18 thng tui tng trng 300-350g/ngy.

Nui b c ging
Chn b c lm ging phi chn t lc s sinh. Ch chn nhng b c l lch r
rng, chc chn chng c sinh ra t nhng con m v con b tt nht. Khi lng s
sinh v khi lng khi cai sa phi vt tri so vi nhng con khc trong n. T s sinh
n 12 thng tui b phi c nui vi ch c bit t mc tng trng ti a. Sau
12 thng tch ring khi n ci v nui theo ch c ging.
Khu phn m bo duy tr th trng khng mp qu nhng khng gy m. V
ngoi hnh chn nhng con nhn b ngoi c nt c trng ca ging c, khng nhm ln
vi con ci, c tnh hng nhng khng hung d, hai hn c to v cn i, bp tht ni r,
chn v mng thng, khe, bc i chc chn, hng dng.
Khu phn chia lm 2 ln cho n vo bui sng v bui chiu. Sau mi ln
phiging cn bi dng cho b c n c ti, thc n tinh, bnh dinh dng, lim. B
c nui nht cn cho vn ng mi ngy hoc th t do trong sn chi b tm nng v
t vn ng.
V bo b v b
Nhng b ci v b c khng gi lm ging, mun bn tht th cn p dng ky
thut v bo. C 2 phng php v bo c p dng. Phng php v bo ngn v
phng php v bo di. V bo ngn p dng cho b t khong 18 thng tui hoc b
sinh sn gi loi thi. Thi gian v bo ko di khong 80-90 ngy, khu phn c t l thc
n tinh cao, nui nht. V bo di ngy p dng cho b t khong 12 thng tui. Thi gian
v bo ko di c 6 thng, chn th v b sung thc n ti chung. Khu phn c t l thc
n tinh thp hn so vi phng php v bo ngn ngy nui nht.
Mc ch v bo l rt ngn thi gian nui, t tng trng cao nht trong thi
gian ngn nht nhm nng cao s lng v cht lng tht. Sau y gii thiu khu phn v
bo b vi khi lng v yu cu tng trng khc nhau. Trc khi v bo cn c ty
giun sn bng cc loi thuc nh Fasiolanida hoc Fasinex (liu lng theo hng dn ghi
trn bao b sn phm). Nhng ngy u v bo khng cho n khu phn v bo ngay, tun
u tng dn thc n tinh ln ti a 1,5kg trnh ri lon tiu ha. Tun th 2 tng thc
n tinh ti a 3kg, tun th 3 tng ti a ln 6-7kg. Ty mc tiu tng trng m khi lng
thc n tinh ca khu phn khc nhau, v vy thi gian lm quen khu phn v bo c th
ko di t 2-3 tun.
Thc n tinh v bo b gy, b c khng cn hm lng protein cao nh thc n
cho b t. T phi hp t cm go, khoai m lt thm ure v r mt s gim chi ph thc n
v tng thm li nhun (xem cng thc phi trn phn trn).
Nhng ni c sn r mt ng, gi r th s dng r mt ng chim t 20-30%
trong thc n tinh v bo b. Cng thc thc n tinh nh sau: 50% sn lt, 20% r mt,
cm go 27%, urea 1,5%, mui n 0,5%, bt xng 1%.
40
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V.2. V nui d
V.2.1. c im
D l loi ng vt n tp, d nui, kh nng khng bnh cao sinh sn nhanh, hai
nm sinh sn khong 3 la, mi la t 2 n 3 con. Bn cnh c tnh d di trong n ung
v thun li trong dn dp v sinh chung tri, th d cn l con vt d nhn n. Thi gian
d con trng thnh v cho sinh sn ch t 7 n 12 thng, thi im ny con d s t
trng lng t 3035 kg/con. Trung bnh mt nm d ci sinh 02 la, mi la t 2 3 con,
mi la, d m thng 4-6 con nn n d cng v th m tng s lng nhanh chng.
D l con vt d nui, chung tri n gin nn m hnh ny ph hp vi nhng h
t vn.Chng t b m sc khng cao chn th t kim c ngoi ng khng cn thc n
tinh b sung nn chn nui khng vt v v tn km nh nui vt tuy vy d cng kh nhy
cm, d b bnh, nn khi nui cc gia nh cng cn phi thng xuyn qut dn chung
tri, pht hin, cch ly v cha tr kp thi nhng con d b bnh trnh ly nhim, gy
thit hi cho c n.
Nui d ch u t v con ging, cn ngun thc n c sn trong t nhin, ch
cn b cng sc v thi gian ct l cy, c th tn dng ngun thc n sn c nh rau
mung, c di. Chng li chu kh leo tro, tm kim thc n nhng ni c a hnh heo
ht, him tr. Bn cnh , do d l loi vt c c tnh a sch s nn nhng thc n b
dm p ln l chng khng n. Thc n cho d phi kh ro, khng hi mc, sch khng
ln t ct; phi nc sch trong chung d ung khi kht.
D n thc n ch yu t cy c t nhin nh cy keo, dm bt, l mt. Thc n cho
d rt a dng gm cc loi cy bi, c trng, c mc t nhin, cc loi l cy nh so
a, mt, chui, su u, keo du, dm bt, ph phm nng nghip nh rm, thn cy ng,
ngn ma, dy u, cc loi c qu nh khoai lang, b , chui, thc n tinh, thc n
khong. Thc n th xanh thng chim khong 55 70% khu phn n ca d. Bn cnh
cn c cc loi l gn, mt, c, rau lan.
V.2.2. Phng thc
D c nui theo 3 kiu: chn dt (qung canh), ct buc khu vc quanh nh, i
g hoc nui nht kt hp vi chn th (bn thm canh) v nui nht c nh ti chung
(thm canh). Trong , phng thc chn nui bn thm canh ph bin v ph hp nht
trong iu kin chn nui nc ta, c p dng nui d kim dng sa, tht. Phng
thc thm canh em li hiu qu kinh t cao nht. Nui d theo phng thc ny em li
nhiu li ch: khng mt cng chn th, khng b ly nhim ngun bnh t bn ngoi, ri
ro thp, c ngun phn hoai mc chm bn thm cho cy.
Phng thc qung canh ph bin nhng vng trung du v min ni hoc nhng
ni t ai rng ri, c nhiu c, cy D c nui chn th hon ton theo by n,
41
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chng t tm kim v chn lc nhng loi thc n t nhin phong ph v a dng. Phng
thc chn th qung canh cho nng sut thp nhng vn u t v ging, chung tri, thc
n, thuc th y, cng chm sc thp hn nhiu, nn hiu qu kinh t cao. Phng thc
ny p dng nui d ly tht. cc vng ni ch cn th d sng trn ni i m khng
tn thc phm.
D c nui theo kiu chn dt hoc ct buc khu vc quanh nh, i g hoc
nui nht kt hp vi chn th, hay phng thc nui nht c nh ti chung. Nui d
theo phng thc nht chung em li nhiu li ch khng mt cng chn th, khng b ly
nhim ngun bnh t bn ngoi, ri ro thp, c ngun phn hoai mc. D nui d nht
chung t hiu qu kinh t, ngoi kinh nghim th vic p dng ky thut vo chn nui rt
quan trng. Ngi nui d phi bit p dng ky thut t khu lm chung tri cho n vic
theo di, qun l n d.
V.2.3. Chung tri
Vic p dng ky thut vo chn nui rt quan trng. Ngi nui d phi bit p
dng ky thut t khu lm chung tri cho n vic theo di, qun l n d. V l loi
ng vt khng a m cao nn chung tri cho d cn phi m bo sch s, thng
thong, trnh nng nng v m t. Khi lm chung, ty theo c im tng vng, tng
nh c th m xc nh v tr v hng chung thch hp tn dng yu t thun li v
hn ch ti a cc yu t bt li ca thi tit i vi d. Trc chung nui cn c khong
sn rng theo di, qun l n d, cng nh khi bt d kim tra, phi ging, cho n
v phng tr bnh.
Chung d c th l cn nh hoc ln tri n gin nhng phi m bo ni kh
ro, sch s thng thong, trnh nng nng v m t. Nn chung phi phng, nhn d
v sinh, c rnh thot phn v nc tiu. Chung d tt nht nn lm hng ng Nam
mt v ma h m v ma ng. Ci, lng, chung d: c th lm bng tre, g, tm vong
hay tn dng vt liu sn c. Tt c u phi chc chn, gn gng khng d chui qua, lt
chn. Sn chung phi cch mt t t 5080 cm. Chung nui cn m bo din tch: D
c ging: 1,5 -2 m2, d tht 0,6m2. Sn chi: l phn nn t, tip gip vi chung c
hng ro bo v. Khu vc sn chi phi quang ng, thong mt, c bng rm, phng
khng ng nc. Sn chi thng c din tch rng bng 3 ln din tch chung nui.
V.2.4. Sinh sn
Trnh cho d giao phi ng chng bo m nng sut, cht lng con ging.
Khi d c con nui thi gian khong 4 thng tui ra nui ring vi d ci. i vi d ci
phi ging ln u thi im nui t 7 8 thng tui. Khng dng d c ging l b, d
ci l con hoc chu, c ging l anh, d ci l em cho phi ging vi nhau trnh hin
tng trng huyt. Trong thi gian d c cha trnh dn ui, nh p v khng nht
chung vi d c trnh b d c nhy, d sy thai.
42
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D m sinh con sau 15 ngy l c th tch d con ra v bt u khai thc sa, sa d c

cho l b dng hn sa b, gi cao v Sa d rt qu, n b hn sa b, mi con d ci c
th ly t 1,5 lt sa tr ln, ngi ta thu t 1 con d ti hn 4 lt sa/ngy. i vi d cha
ln u cn xoa bp nh u v kch thch tuyn sa pht trin kch thch tuyn sa pht
trin v tp cho d quen dn vi vic vt sa sau ny. i vi d ci nhiu la, ang
cho con b hoc ang vt sa cho d bng cch gim dn s ln cho con b hoc vt sa t
mt ln
V.2.5. Phng tr bnh
Cc bnh
Do d n khu phn thiu hay mt cn bng canxi v phtpho trong thi gian di
nn b hi chng ri lon thn kinh, gy ra bnh st sa (Milk fever). Bnh ny thng xy
ra trong giai on d ang tit sa hoc cn sa thi gian m d cn rt nhiu canxi v
phtpho so vi bnh thng, song khng c p ng , do d phi s dng ngun
canxi t mu. Khi lng canxi trong mu gim di 6 mg/100ml th d b ri lon thn
kinh. D sa c nng sut cao thng b bnh ny. Lc u d gim n, suy nhc c th,
i ng kh khn, sau da vo tng ri nm nghing mt bn, co git v t lit, khng
ng dy c. Thn nhit h xung khong 38 C, mch p nhanh hn bnh thng.
Khng iu tr kp thi, d c th t vong.
Bnh a chy do vi trng hoc thc n, nc ung bn, lnh, thiu, mc. D b bnh
phn nt n lng. Khi d a chy, nn nc ung v tng lim thng xuyn trong ci
lng chung. a chy lm cho c th mt nc, mt dch th v khong nghim trng. Nu
a chy nng v ko di (vi ngy) phi cung cp dung dch chng mt nc. Nu khng
can thip, d s mt nc, mt cn bng in gii trong c th, d tr nn yu v c th b
cht. Bnh chng bng y hi do thc n thiu, mc hoc qu giu m v thay i t
ngt. D bnh thnh bng bn tri cng, chng to, g ting bm bp, con vt kh th si
bt mp.
Bnh lot ming truyn nhim do siu vi trng hoc n thc n gi, cng gy xy st
nhim trng. Xung quanh mi, trong ming u c mn to, lot ra; nng th tai mi bu v
cng b vim lot, con vt kh nhai, kh nut, nc di thi. Bnh vim v do v sinh bu
v khng sch, vt sa khng ng ky thut gy vim nhim lm bu v sng , nng,
au. Bnh giun sn do v sinh thc n v chung tri km. D b bnh bing n, gy, thiu
mu, au bng, a nho n lng, mc sn l gan, d c hin tng tch nc hm di
v bng. Bnh au mt do chung tri bn, cht chi. D b bnh mt , nc mt chy
nhiu, nng c m. Bnh vim phi do vi khun nhim phi kt hp vi cc tp khun
khc c sn trong ng h hp ca d, vi khun t d, cu bnh c thi ra mi trng
theo dch chy ra t mi, ming ca chng.
Phng tr
43
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Khi d m cn iu tr bnh kp thi. Cch ly ngay d m khi n d kho, tt nht

nht d m ci, chung cch bit. Nu khng nht cch ly th nguy c ly lan mm bnh
sang d khc rt ln. D m khng nn chn th, v chng s ly lan mm bnh vo mi
trng. Lng chung ca d m c st trng hng ngy. Khi tip xc (iu tr, chm sc)
d m xong, cn ra v st trng trc khi tip xc vi d kho, tt hn l nn eo gng
tay trong khi iu tr bnh. Nht d mc bnh truyn nhim thm t nht 2 tun sau khi khi
bnh. V sau khi khi bnh, gia sc vn c th thi mm bnh v gy nhim cho con khc.
Theo di sc kho n d hng ngy, khng cho d n thc n t, dnh nc ma, bn
t. Cho d ung nc sch c b sung thm mt t mui. V sinh sch s chung tri, sn
chi, mng n, ung hng ngy, tiu c st trng chung tri chn nui 2 tun/ln. Hng
ngy trc khi chn th v sau khi v chung phi kim tra tng con nhm pht hin nhng
con b n, au m, lot ming, chng hi y bng kp thi iu tr. Tch ring nhng
con bnh vi con khe theo di v trnh ly lan trong n. - nh k ty giun sn v
tim phng cc loi vaccin phng bnh truyn nhim cho d nh: l mm long mng,
u, t huyt trng
44
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CHNG VI: GII PHP THIT K MT BNG

VI.1.Gii php thit k mt bng
VI.1.1. Cc ch tiu kinh t k thut ca d n
Ch tiu s dng t
Din tch t xy dng
: 130 ha
Ch tiu h tng ky thut
- Xy dng chung tri chn nui b
+ ng c
: 70 ha
+ Kho cha thc n
: 990 m2
+ Khu vc nhp xut
: 4000 m2
+ Chung nht b
: 2000 m2
+ Sn vn ng th b
: 10,000 m2
- Giao thng ni b:
- H thng x l nc thi
: 100 m2
- H thng x l phn
: 5,000 m2
- Khu vc qun l kinh doanh
: 1616 m2
+ Vn phng lm vic
: 100 m2
+ Nh bo v
: 16 m2
+ Nh cng nhn
: 200 m2
+ Nh n
: 300 m2
+ Ni u xe
: 1000 m2
+ H thng thot nc mt v thot nc bn c b tr ring v dn v khu
x l nc thi trc khi thi ra mi trng.
+ Nc thi t cc khu v sinh phi c x l qua b t hoi xy ng quy
cch trc khi x vo cng.
VI.1.2. Gii php quy hoch
T chc mt trang tri VAC vi y cc yu cu v cng nng s dng, c tnh
thm my, kinh t v bo m c mt mi trng kinh doanh tt, trong lnh, sch s, thong
mt va c bi t trong v n cam k t bao v mi trng .
Trang tri chn nui b:
Thit k khu chung tri c phi hp cc b phn kt cu thnh mt h thng
hon chnh bao gm:
- H thng ng c: c trng ging c cao sn nhm m bo thc n xanh th
cho b
- H thng cung cp thc n: Kho cha v dng c ch bin thc n tinh v thc n
th, my trn v phn phi thc n, li i cp pht thc n v mng n.
- H thng cp nc: Ngun nc, bm, b cha, ng ng v mng ung nc
45
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- H thng chm sc v qun l b: Cc chung nht b, ng i, sn vn ng,

thit b th y, cc thit b khc.
- H thng x l nc thi: Rnh thot, khu vc ao lng, ao lu v khu vc s dng
nc thi
- H thng x l phn: Thit b thu dn v x l phn, thit b v s dng phn
- Khu vc qun l kinh doanh: Vn phng lm vic, ni xe, nh cng nhn.
VI.1.3. Gii php kt cu
Cc khi nh tri, nh kho, khu vn phng lm vic c b cc to nn qun th
khng gian kin trc hi ha, m bo vn an ton giao thng, phng chy cha chy v
thng thong t nhin cho cng trnh.
Chung tri c xy dng ti v tr cao ro, thong mt, c ngun nc cho b
ung v v sinh chung tri.
Tri b:
+ Mt bng v nn chung tri:
Mt bng nn chung cao hn v tr bn ngoi khong 50 cm nc ma khng
trn vo chung. Nn chung c lt bng gch, mt chung phng, khng trn trt.
Trn nn chung c rm r lm lt chung.
+ Tng chung:
Tri b c tng chung bao quanh ngn ht ma v ngn b. Tng c xy
bng gch v c th d dng ty ra, tiu c khi cn thit.
+ Mi chung:
c dng che ma nng v iu ha kh hu trong chung b, mi c lm bng
tn rng v cao nhm m bo thong mt.
+ Mng n:
Mng n c xy bng gch v lng xi mng m bo v sinh v d chi ra khi
cn thit.
+ Mng ung v h thng cp nc:
Dng h thng nc t ng cung cp nc cho b
+ Rng ngn v ca ra vo:
Chiu cao rng ngn l 100 cm, chiu di bng 2/3 ch nm.
+ H thng lm mt:
S dng h thng lm mt nhm ngn bc x mt tri trc tip ln c th b, lm
mt trc tip thng qua h thng thng gi.
+ H thng ch bin thc n v kho cha:
Khu vc ny dng cha thc n v trn thc n. Kho thong mt v trnh nh
nng, cc h thng cha thc n c np y kn.
+ H thng can thip th y:
Xy dng chung cch ly v phng th y. Trong phng th y s c y cc dng
c th y.
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Vn phng
Vn phng nh c thit k gn khu vc b sng m bo s sch s, v sinh v
thong mt.
VI.1.4. Gii php k thut
H thng in:
H thng chiu sng bn trong c kt hp gia chiu sng nhn to v chiu sng
t nhin.
H thng chiu sng bn ngoi c b tr h thng n pha, ngoi vic bo m an
ninh cho cng trnh cn to c nt thm my cho cng trnh vo ban m. Cng trnh
c b tr trm bin th ring bit v c my pht in d phng. H thng tip t an
ton, h thng in c lp t ring bit vi h thng tip t chng st. Vic tnh ton
thit k h thng in c tun th tuyt i cc tiu chun qui nh ca tiu chun xy
dng v tiu chun ngnh.
H thng cp thot nc:
H thng cp thot nc c thit k m bo yu cu s dng nc:
+ Nc sinh hot.
+ Nc cho h thng cha chy.
+ Nc dng cho trang tri b
Vic tnh ton cp thot nc c tnh theo tiu chun cp thot nc cho cng
trnh cng cng v theo tiu chun PCCC quy nh.
H thng chng st
H thng chng st s dng h thng kim thu st hin i t tiu chun.
H thng tip t chng st phi m bo Rd < 10 v c tch ring vi h
thng tip t an ton ca h thng in.
Ton b h thng sau khi lp t phi c bo tr v kim tra nh k.
Vic tnh ton thit k chng st c tun th theo quy nh ca quy chun xy
dng v tiu chun xy dng hin hnh.
H thng Phng chy cha chy
Cng trnh c lp t h thng bo chy t ng ti cc khu vc cng cng
m bo an ton tuyt i cho cng trnh. H thng cha chy c lp t nhng ni d
thao tc v thng xuyn c ngi qua li.
H thng cha chy: ng trng km, bnh cha chy, hp cha chy, s dng
thit b ca Vit Nam t tiu chun v yu cu PCCC ra.
Vic tnh ton thit k PCCC c tun th tuyt i cc qui nh ca qui chun xy
dng v tiu chun xy dng hin hnh.
H thng thng tin lin lc
Ton b cng trnh c b tr mt tng i chnh phc v lin lc i ni v i
ngoi. Cc thit b telex, in thoi ni b, fax (nu cn) c u ni n tng phng.
47
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VI.1.5 Kt lun
Vi gii php b tr mt bng, gii php mt ng, kt cu bao che v cc gii php
ky thut nh trn, phng n thit k tho mn c cc yu cu sau:
Mt bng b tr hp l, cc khu chc nng c phn khu r rng, m bo c an
ninh cng cng. H thng ky thut an ton ph hp vi yu cu s dng trong tnh hnh
hin ti v tng lai.
VI.2. Quy hoch h thng h tng k thut
VI.2.1. ng giao thng
Bnh tuyn
Cao xy dng mt ng trung bnh + 1.0 m.
Kt cu mt ng b tng nha, va h, va h lt gch terazzo, trng cy xanh,
thm c 2 bn ng.
Trc ngang tuyn ng
dc ngang mt ng hai mi l: i = 2%
Kt cu mt ng l b tng nha ri nng
Nn mng ng c gia c ca trm v lp m ct
S b chn kt cu phn ng nh sau:
+ Lp m ct
+ Lp cp phi si
+ Lp cp phi 0 4
+ Lp btng nha ri nng
Trc dc ng:
Cao thit k ti tim ng mi bng cao tim ng hin hu, dc dc
tuyn ng i = 0%.
VI.2.2. H thng thot nc mt
D kin xy dng h thng cng kn D=400 - D=1200 phc v thot nc mt
cho khu quy hoch. Cc tuyn ng ny s x trc tip ra h thng thot nc mt pha sau.
VI.2.3. H thng thot nc bn v sinh mi trng
Nc thi sau khi x l cc b c dn ra h ga qua khu x l nc thi ca trang
tri v thot ra h thng thot nc khu vc bng tuyn ng 600 mm dc theo cc tuyn
ng ni b v chy vo h thng cng thu gom x l trc khi x ra mi trng. Rc
c thu gom hng ngy sau c xe chuyn dng thu v a n cng trng x l
rc chung.
VI.2.4. H thng cp nc
Ch tiu cp nc cha chy: q = 10 lt/s cho 1 m chy, s m chy xy ra ng
thi cng lc l 1 m chy theo TCVN 2622-1995.
48
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VI.2.5. H thng cp in chiu sng cng cng

S dng ngun in cp t trm in ring ca nh my.
Chiu sng ng ph dng n cao p sodium 150W 220W chiu sng trc
ng chnh, ph ni b v t trn tr thp trng km 200 cao 8m, khong cch trung
bnh gia hai tr n l 30m.
49
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CHNG VII: NH GI TC NG MI TRNG

VII.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng
VII.1.1. Gii thiu chung
Xy dng trang tri VAC cng ngh mi c xy dng ti huyn Phng Hip tnh
Hu Giang vi din tch xy dng: 130 ha.
Mc ch ca nh gi tc ng mi trng l xem xt nh gi nhng yu t tch
cc v tiu cc nh hng n mi trng trong xy dng trang tri v khu vc ln cn,
t a ra cc gii php khc phc, gim thiu nhim nng cao cht lng mi
trng hn ch nhng tc ng ri ro cho mi trng v cho xy dng trang tri khi d n
c thc thi, p ng c cc yu cu v tiu chun mi trng.
VII.1.2. Cc quy nh v cc hng dn v mi trng
Cc quy nh v hng dn sau c dng tham kho
- Lut Bo v Mi trng s 52/2005/QH11 c Quc hi nc CHXHCN
Vit Nam kha XI k hp th 8 thng qua thng 11 nm 2005;
- Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 v vic
quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca lut Bo v Mi trng;
- Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 28 thng 2 nm 2008 v Sa
i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 cu
Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca lut Bo v Mi
trng;
- Thng t s 05/2008/ TT-BTNMT ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ngy
18/12/2008 v vic hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi
trng v cam kt bo v mi trng;
- Quyt nh s 35/Q-BKHCNMT ca B trng B Khoa hc Cng ngh v
Mi trng ngy 25/6/2002 v vic cng b Danh mc tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng
bt buc p dng;
- Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 v vic ban hnh Danh
mc cht thi nguy hi km theo Danh mc cht thi nguy hi;
- Tiu chun mi trng do B KHCN&MT ban hnh 1995, 2001 & 2005;
- Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B Ti
Nguyn v Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng 05 Tiu chun Vit Nam v Mi trng
v bi b p dng mt s cc Tiu chun quy nh theo quyt nh s 35/2002/QBKHCNMT ngy 25 thng 6 nm 2002 ca B trng B KHCN v Mi trng;
VII.2. Cc tc ng mi trng
VII.2.1. Cc loi cht thi pht sinh
50
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Trong qu trnh hot ng, d n chn nui gia scthi ra ngoi mi trng phn,
nc tiu v thc n tha. Cc cht ny ng vai tr rt ln trong qu trnh gy nhim
mi trng chn nui. Bn thn cc cht thi ra trong qu trnh chn nui ny cha nhiu
nhn t c hi nhng c th quy ra 3 nhm chnh :
+ Cc vi sinh vt c hi
+ Cc cht c hi
+ Cc kh c hi
C 3 nhm yu t c hi ny c lin quan mt thit vi nhau v ph thuc rt nhiu
vo qu trnh chn nui cng nh bnh tt vt nui. Ngun gy nhim mi trng t
cc c s chn nui bao gm cht thi rn nh lng, phn, rc, thc n tha v cht thi
lng nh nc tiu, nc ra chung, v sinh mng n, mng ung, nc tm ra cho gia
sc.
Trung bnh mt con b thi 3.5 7 kg phn v 50 - 150 lt nc thi.
Trong cht thi chn nui c nhiu cht gy nhim mi trng. Cc nh khoa hc
phn chia cc cht nhim trong cht thi chn nui thnh cc loi: cc cht hu c d
b phn hu sinh hc, cc cht hu c bn vng, cc cht v c, cc cht c mi, cc cht
rn, cc loi mm bnh ... Cc cht nhim ny c th tn ti c trong kh thi, nc thi,
cht thi rn.
VII.2.2. Kh thi
Cc cht c mi
Cc cht c mi pht sinh t phn v nc thi, gy nhim khng kh. Khng kh
trong chung nui cha khong 100 hp cht kh (Haitung v Phillips,1994 ); H2 v CO2 t
nhng ni cha phn lng di t c th gy nn s ng c cp tnh hoc mn tnh cho
vt nui. Mi phn c bit hi thi khi tch luy phn phn hu trong trng thi ym kh,
kh c hi to ra mi trng xung quanh nng cao c th gy nn ma, ngt th, ngt
xu hoc cht ngi. Lng NH3 v H2S vt qu gii hn cho php s gy mi hi v kch
thch vt nui, c bit l ln ng h hp. Cc cht gy mi cn c nh gi bi hm
lng cht rn bay hi v m d tha trong cht thi. Cc cht d tha dng cha phn
hu to iu kin cho vi sinh vt gy thi ra pht trin.
Cc cht kh nhim
CO2 l loi kh khng mu, khng mi v, nng hn khng kh (1.98 g/l). N c
sinh ra trong qu trnh th v cc qu trnh phn hu ca vi sinh vt. Nng cao s nh
hng xu n s trao i cht, trng thi chung ca c th cng nh kh nng sn xut v
sc chng bnh tt do lm gim lng oxy tn ti. Nng CO2 s tng ln do kt qu
phn gii phn ng vt v do qu trnh h hp bnh thng ca ng vt trong mt khng
gian kn. V vy trong cc chung nui c mt cao v thng kh km, hm lng
cacbonic tng cao c th vt qu tiu chun v tr nn rt c hi i vi c th vt nui.
H2S l loi kh c tim tng trong cc chung chn nui gia sc. N c sinh ra
do vi sinh vt ym kh phn hu protein v cc vt cht hu c co cha Sunfua khc. Kh
51
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thi H2S sinh ra c gi li trong cht lng ca ni lu gi phn. Kh H2S c mi rt kh

chu v gy c thm ch nng thp. Sc vt b trng c H2S ch yu do b my h
hp ht vo, H2S tip xc vi nim mc m t, ho hp vi cht kim trong c th sinh ra
Na2S. Nim mc hp thu Na2S vo mu, Na2S b thu phn gii phng ra H2S s kch thch
h thng thn kinh, lm t lit trung khu h hp v vn mch. nng cao H2S gy vim
phi cp tnh km theo thu thng. Khng kh cha trn 1mg/l H2S s lm cho con vt b
cht trng thi t ngt, lit trung khu h hp v vn mch ( Ngc Ho,1995) (Dn
theo Bi Th Phng Ho). c v ng c i vi cng nhn chn nui do ht phi H2S
nng cao trong cc chung chn nui. Ngi ta c th xc nh c mi H2S nng
rt thp (0.025ppm) trong khng kh chung nui.
NH3 l mt cht kh khng mu, c mi kh chu, ngng gii hn tip nhn mi l
37mg/m3, t trng so vi khng kh l 0.59. N c mi rt cay v c th pht hin nng
5ppm. Nng NH3 in hnh trong chung c mi trng c iu ho v thng
thong tt l 20 ppm v t 50 ppm nu phn tch t trn nn cng. Vo ma ng tc
thng gi chm hn th c th vt 50 ppm v c th ln n 100 200 ppm (Hi ng
ht cc Hoa K, 1996). Hm lng amoniac trong cc c s chn nui ph thuc vo s
lng cht thi, cht hu c tch t li trong cc lp n chung, tc l ph thuc vo mt
nui gia sc, gia cm, m, nhit ca khng kh v ca lp n chung, nguyn
liu v xp ca lp n chung. Thng th khu vc bn cha nhiu NH3 hn khu vc
sch. Nng ca NH3 c pht hin trong cc tri chn nui thng < 100 ppm.
CO l mt cht kh c hi trong khng kh chung nui. Trong khng kh bnh
thng CO nng l 0.02 ppm, trong cc ng ph l 13 ppm v nhng ni c mt
giao thng cao c th ln n 40 ppm. Loi kh ny gy c cho vt nui v con ngi
do cnh tranh vi Oxy (O2) kt ni vi st trong hng cu. i lc lin kt ny cao hn 250
ln so vi O2 do n y oxy ra khi v tr ca n. Kh CO kt hp vi st ca hng
cu to thnh kh carboxyhemoglobin lm cho O2 khng dc a ti m bo gy nn tnh
trng thiu oxy trong h hp t bo. Nng CO cao ti 250 ppm trong cc khu chn nui
b sinh sn c th lm tng s lng b con non, b con ra b cht nhng xt nghim
bnh l cho thy khng c lin quan ti cc bnh truyn nhim.
CH4 Cht kh ny c thi ra theo phn do vi sinh vt phn gii ngun dinh dng
gm cc cht x v bt ng trong qun trnh tiu ho. Loi kh ny khng c nhng
nhng n cng gp phn lm nh hng ti vt nui do chim ch trong khng kh lm
gim lng oxy. iu kin kh quyn bnh thng, nu kh CH4 chim 87-90% th tch
khng kh s gy ra hin tng kh th vt nui v c th dn n tnh trng hn m.
Nhng quan trng hn l nu hm hng kh metan ch chim 10-15% th tch khng kh
c th gy n, y l mi nguy him chnh ca kh metan.
VII.2.3. Nc thi
Nc thi pht sinh t trang tri chn nui do lm v sinh chung tri, mng n,
mng ung, nc tm ra cho gia sc hng ngy, nc tiu do gia sc bi tit ra mi
52
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
trng. Thnh phn nc thi chn nui bin ng rt ln ph thuc vo quy m chn
nui, phng php v sinh, kiu chung tri v cht lng nc v sinh chung
tri....Trong nc thi, nc chim 75 95%, phn cn li l cc cht hu c, v c v
mm bnh. Cc cht hu c d b phn hu sinh hc. Gm cc cht nh: Cacbonhydrat,
protein, cht bo.... y l cht gy nhim ch yu ca nc thi khu dn c, cng
nghip ch bin thc phm, l m .Cht hu c tiu th xy rt mnh, gy hin tng gim
xy trong ngun tip nhn dn n suy thoi v gim cht lng ngun nc.
Cc cht rn tng s trong nc
Bao gm cht rn l lng v cht rn ho tan, cht rn bay hi v cht rn khng
bay hi do cc cht keo protein, hydratcacbon, cht bo c trong nc thi hoc c to
ra khi gp iu kin nh: pH, nhit , cng thch hp. Lng cht rn l lng cao
trong nc gy cn tr qu trnh x l cht thi. Cht rn l lng trong nc thi chn nui
ch yu l cn phn vt nui trong qu trnh v sinh chung tri, trong phn c Nitrogen,
pht pht v nhiu vi sinh vt. Phn ln N trong phn dng Amonium (NH4+) v hp cht
nit hu c. Nu khng c x l th mt lng ln Amonium s i vo khng kh
dng Amonia (NH3). Nitrat v vi sinh vt theo nc thi ra ngoi mi trng c th nhim
vo ngun nc ngm v lm t b nhim.
Cc cht hu c bn vng
Bao gm cc hp cht Hydrocacbon, vng thm, hp cht a vng, hp cht c
cha Clo hu c trong cc loi ho cht tiu c kh trng nh DDT, Lindan.....cc cht
ho hc ny c kh nng tn lu trong t nhin lu di v tch ly trong c th cc loi sinh
vt. Cc cht v c. Bao gm cc cht nh Amonia, ion PO43+ , K+, SO42- , Cl+. Kali trong
phn l cht lng tn ti nh mt loi mui ho tan, phn ln l t nc tiu gia sc bi tit
ra khong 90%. Kali trong thc n cng c gia sc bi tit ra ngoi. Ion SO42- c to
ra do s phn hu cc hp cht cha lu hunh trong iu kin hiu kh hoc ym kh.
(CH3)2S + 2H2 2CH4 + H2 ( ym kh)
CH3SH + O2 +H2O CH4 + H2SO4 (Mercaptan )
(CH3)2S + O2 +H2O CH4 + H2SO4 (hiu kh)
Clorua l cht v c c nhiu trong nc thi, nng Clorua vt qu mc
350mg/l s gy nhim t, nc ngm v nc b mt........
Cc yu t vi sinh vt
Trong nc thi c cha mt tp on kh rng cc vi sinh vt c li v c hi,
trong c nhiu loi trng k sinh trng, vi trng v virus gy bnh nh: E.coli,
Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, Arizona.... Bnh thng, cc vi sinh vt ny sng cng sinh
vi nhau trong ng tiu ho nn c s cn bng sinh thi. Khi xut hin tnh trng bnh
l th s cn bng b ph v, chng hn nh gia sc b a chy th s lng vi khun gy
bnh s nhiu hn v ln p tp on vi khun c li.
Trong nhng trng hp vt nui mc cc bnh truyn nhim khc th s o thi vi
trng gy bnh trong cht thi tr nn nguy him cho mi trng v cho cc vt nui khc.
53
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VII.2.4. Cht thi rn

Cht thi rn t hot ng chn nui bao gm phn, rc, cht n chung, thc n
d tha, xc gia sc cht hng ngy. T l cc cht hu c, v c, vi sinh vt trong cht
thi ph thuc vo khu phn n, ging, loi gia sc v cch dn v sinh.
Trong cht thi rn cha : nc 56 - 83%, cht hu c 1 - 26%, nit 0.32 1.6%, P
0.25 1.4%, K 0.15 0.95% v nhiu loi vi khun, virus, trng giun sn gy bnh cho
ngi v ng vt. Cc thnh phn trong cht thi rn c th khc nhau v t l cc thnh
phn ny cng khc nhau tu tng loi gia sc, gia cm. Ngoi mt s thnh phn nh
trn th trong cht thi rn cn cha mt s vi sinh vt gy bnh cho ngi v ng vt.
VII.3. Bin php gim thiu tc ng mi trng
VII.3.1. X l cht thi rn
Nguyn tc chung
Cht thi rn pht sinh trong qu trnh chn nui phi c thu gom gn gng sch
s, c ni thu gom, cha cht thi rn, thng cha phi bng vt liu bn, c np y kn,
khng r r, thm ht, chy trn. Thng xuyn dng ho cht, vi bt st trng ni
cha cht thi rn. Khng tn tr cht thi rn ti chung tri v ni thu gom ca c s qu
24 gi m khng c bin php x l thch hp. Phng tin vn chuyn cht thi rn phi
m bo kn, khng r r, khng ri vi, khng thot mi hi. Cht thi rn sau khi x l
phi m bo t tiu chun mi trng theo quy nh. Tt nht nn xy hm Biogas x
l cht thi rn v tn dng c ngun cht t cho sinh hot. Tuy nhin, i vi chn
nui quy m nh th phi xy dng b phn xanh. Hng ngy tin hnh thu gom phn rc
tp trung v h hoai mc trc khi s dng bn cho cy trng. Nn chung nui v h
x l cht thi phi c xy v lng xi mng d dng cho qu trnh c ra v sinh v
trnh c s thm thu cht lng ra ngoi mi trng, to c ym kh ca h ,
gip phn chng hoai mc.
Quy trnh phn xanh
phn xanh l qu trnh x l phn v cc cht thi rn bng cch trn ln vi vi
bt + t bt + phn ln + l phn xanh (tt nht l cy ct ln, theo kinh nghim dn gian
c tc dng kh mi rt tt) hoc tru, hoai mc. C 2 cch phn xanh nh sau:
- trn mt t bng cch ri mt lp vi bt pha trn mt t sau di mt lp
phn, cht n ln. C mt lp phn dy 20-30 cm li ri mt lp vi bt cho n khi ng
phn cao khong 1-1.2m th p kn bn ngoi bng mt lp bn dy khong 5-7cm.
- o h su 2-2.5m, chu vi h tu thuc vo lng cht thi cn x l. Ri mt lp
vi bt ln b mt ca h sau a cht thi xung v lm tng t nh trn mt t,
khong cch t lp cht thi trn cng ti mt t l 50cm.
Sau khi tin hnh kh trng tiu c khu vc xung quanh bng vi bt, hoc cc
ho cht sau: Formol 2-3%, Xt 2-3%, Chloramin, Prophyl, Virkon, Biocid,...
Trong qu trnh , nh k 3- 5 ngy cn phi ly nc (tt nht l nc thi v sinh
chung tri) ti u trn b duy tr m v cugn cp thm dinh dng cho vi khun
54
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
k kh pht trin. Thng thng, sau khong 1 thng th phn xanh hoai ht, ly ra bn
cho cy trng.
H thng Biogas
Biogas l mt loi kh t sinh hc c to ra khi phn hy ym kh phn thi ra
ca gia sc. Cc cht thi ca gia sc c cho vo hm kn (hay ti ), cc vi sinh
vt s phn hy chng thnh cc cht mn v kh, kh ny c thu li qua mt h thng
ng dn ti l t, phc v sinh hot ca gia nh. Cc cht thi ra sau qu trnh phn
hy trong hm kn (hay ti ) gn nh sch v c th thi ra mi trng, c bit nc thi
ca h thng Biogas c th dng ti cho cy trng.
Ky thut x l bng b Biogas c nhiu cch, ph thuc vo nng sut s dng nh
ti sinh kh Biogas bng cht do, hm c np tri ni v hm c np c nh.
Tt nht nn chn v tr xy dng hm phn hu gn chung tri v h thng cp
thot nc thun tin. C th xy dng ngay trong chung tri tit kim t.
VII.3.2. X l nc thi
Nguyn tc chung
Phi m bo h thng thot nc v sinh chung tri lun khai thng, khng t
ng pht sinh mi hi, rui mui. Nc thi phi c x l bng hm t hoi, hm
biogas, ao lng lc v cc phng php khc m bo khng pht sinh mi hi hoc chy
trn ra mi trng xung quanh. Nc thi sau khi x l phi m bo t tiu chun theo
quy nh. i vi cc c s chn nui nh, h gia nh khng c h thng x l nc thi
th ton b nc thi trong qu trnh chn nui, v sinh chung tri,... phi c x l bng
cc ho cht st trng trc khi chy vo h thng thot nc chung. Ngoi ra c th xy
dng h thng b lng lc c trng cy thu sinh x l. i vi cc c s chn nui ln,
nc thi trong qu trnh chn nui, v sinh chung tri,... phi c x l qua h thng x
l nc thi trc khi thi ra ngoi, m bo v sinh an ton dch bnh, v sinh mi
trng. Thng thng, nc thi v sinh chung tri c x l cng vi cc cht thi rn
trong hm Biogas, tuy nhin phn nc thi sau Biogas thi ra vn lm nhim mi trng
xung quanh.
VII.3.3. X l kh thi, mi hi
Thng xuyn v sinh chung tri gim thiu mi hi pht sinh trong qu trnh
chn nui. Kh thi trong qu trnh nui nht, tn tr cht thi phi c x l bng cc
bin php thch hp khng pht sinh mi hi nh hng n mi trng xung quanh.
VII.3.4. Gim thiu cc tc ng khc
X l ting n: Cc khu vc tp trung ng dn c, chung tri phi c tng bao
quanh, xy dng cao ti thiu l 2m. Ting n phi x l t tiu chun theo quy nh
TCVN 5949-1998.
55
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- St trng, v sinh chung tri: nh k phun dipterex tr rui, mui, k sinh

trng; nh k ty u chung tri v mi trng chung quanh.
- Trng cy xanh to bng mt v chn c gi lnh, gi nng, ngoi ra cy
xanh cn quang hp ht kh CO2 v thi kh O2 rt tt cho mi trng chn nui. Nn trng
cc loi cy nh: nhn, vi, keo du, mung.
- Tiu c kh trng i vi phng tin vn chuyn gia cm, sn phm gia cm Trang b dng c bo h lao ng khi s dng ha cht (phun thuc st trng, thuc ty
u,)
VII.4. Kt lun
Mi hot ng sn xut nng nghip c nhng tc ng khng tt n mi
trng. Tuy nhin, vi din tch rng ln, sc ti mi trng y s rt cao, v th qu
trnh chn nui b theo cng ngh mi hin i s khng gy nh hng ln n mi
trng. ng thi hot ng trng cao su s l mt thnh phn gp phn thng thong v
bo v mi trng khu vc xy dng.
56
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG VIII: TNG MC U T D N

VIII.1. C s lp tng mc u t
Tng mc u t cho d n u t xy dng nh my c lp da trn cc phng
n trong h s thit k c s ca d n v cc cn c sau y :
- Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 ca Quc Hi Nc Cng ho
X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam;
- Lut thu thu nhp doanh nghip ca Quc Hi kha XII k hp th 3, s
14/2008/QH12 Ngy 03 thng 06 nm 2008 ;
- Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy 12/2/2009 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l d
n u t v xy dng cng trnh;
- Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2004 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l
cht lng cng trnh xy dng v Ngh nh s 49/2008/N-CP ngy 18/04/2008 ca
Chnh ph v vic sa i b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 2009/2004/N-CP;
- Ngh nh s 99/2007/N-CP ngy 13/06/2009 ca Chnh ph v qun l chi ph
u t xy dng cng trnh;
- Ngh nh s 123/2008/N-CP ngy 08/12/2008 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit
thi hnh Lut thu gi tr gia tng;
- Ngh nh s 148/2004/N-CP ngy 23/07/2004 sa i, b sung Khon 1 iu 7
Ngh nh s 158/2003/N-CP;
- Thng t s 05/2007/TT-BXD ngy 27/05/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic Hng
dn vic lp v qun l chi ph d n u t xy dng cng trnh;
- Thng t s 129/2008/TT-BTC ngy 26/12/2008 hng dn thi hnh Ngh nh s
123/2008/N-CP;
- Thng t 130/2008/TT-BTT ngy 26/12/2008 hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca
Lut Thu Thu Nhp Doanh Nghip.
- Thng t s 02/2007/TTBXD ngy 14/2/2007. Hng dn mt s ni dung v:
lp, thm nh, ph duyt d n u t xy dng cng trnh; giy php xy dng v t chc
qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh;
- nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng km theo Quyt nh s
957/Q-BXD ngy 29/9/2009 ca B Xy dng;
- Thng t 33-2007-TT/BTC ca B Ti Chnh ngy 09 thng 04 nm 2007 hng
dn quyt ton d n hon thnh thuc ngun vn nh nc;
- Thng t 203/2009/TT-BTC ca B Ti Chnh ngy 20 thng 10 nm 2010 hng
dn ch qun l, s dng v trch khu hao ti sn c nh;
- Cc vn bn khc ca Nh nc lin quan n lp Tng mc u t, tng d ton
v d ton cng trnh.
VIII.2. Ni dung tng mc u t
57
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VIII.2.1. Ni dung
Mc ch ca tng mc u t l tnh ton ton b chi ph u t xy dng D an
Trang tri VAC cng ngh mi, lm c s lp k hoch v qun l vn u t, xc
nh hiu qu u t ca d n.
Tng mc u t ca d n bao gm: Chi ph xy dng v lp t, Chi ph my mc
thit b; Chi ph qun l d n; Chi ph t vn u t xy dng v cc khon chi ph khc;
Chi ph u t b ging, Chi ph trng cao su v bn phn nm u tin; D phng ph
(bao gm tr li vay trong thi gian xy dng).
Chi ph xy dng v lp t
Nhm to ra s an ton, thoi mi, d chu khi n ung ngh ngi, di chuyn v xut
nhp, ng thi to s an ton v thoi mi cho ngi chn nui trong vic qun l v nui
dng. Trang tri nui b v nh my xy xt la c u t xy dng theo tiu chun
cng ngh mi, p ng c nhng yu cu chung thit k v phi hp cc b phn thnh
mt h thng hon chnh.
Chi ph xy dng bao gm : Chi ph san lp mt bng v nh gc cy, chi ph xy
dng hng ro ( ph xy dng, cc b tng, li B40, cng chnh, cng ph); Chi ph
nng cp nh my xy xt la; Chi ph xy dng chung tri nui b (cc chung nht
b, kho cha thc n, li i cp pht thc n , sn vn ng th b, h thng x l nc
thi, h thng x l phn, giao thng trang tri) v khu vc qun l kinh doanh ( vn phng
lm vic, nh bo v, nh cng nhn, nh xe, tiu cng vin cy cnh cho cng nhn).
Bng cc hng mc xy dng lp t
VT: 1000VN
Stt
Hng mc
Tng Chi ph xy dng +

lp t
Chi ph san lp mt bng, k
I.1 thut h tng
Xy dng chung tri chn
I.2 nui b
1
Kho cha thc n
2
Khu vc nhp xut
Tng din tch cc chung
3
nht
4
Sn vn ng
5
H thng x l nc thi
6
H thng x l phn
+Khu vc s dng phn
S
lng
n
v
n
gi
Tin trc
thu
VAT
Tin sau
thu
17,835,000
130
ha 18,182
26706
990
4000
m2
m2
2000
10000
100
5000
5000
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
2,363,636
236,363
2,600,000
13,850,000 1,385,000 15,235,000

2,273 2,250,000
225,000 2,475,000
500 2,000,000
200,000 2,200,000
2,000
300
2,000
155
4,000,000
3,000,000
200,000
772,727
772,727
400,000
300,000
20,000
77,273
77,273
4,400,000
3,300,000
220,000
850,000
850,000
58
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Khu vc qun l kinh doanh

+Vn phng lm vic
+Nh bo v
+Nh cng nhn
+ Nh n
+Ni u xe
1616
100
16
200
300
1000
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
3,182
2,273
1,909
1,909
318
1,627,273
318,182
36,364
381,818
572,727
318,182
162,727
31,818
3,636
38,182
57,273
31,818
1,790,000
350,000
40,000
420,000
630,000
350,000
Chi ph my mc thit b
Chi ph mua my mc thit b phc v sn xut bao gm : Chi ph nng cp nh my
xy xt la ; chi ph my mc thit b phc v cho vic chn nui b ( my ko, my pht
in, Trm bin th, my ct c, my bm c, my cy, my trn thc n, my bm, h
thng PCCC v ging khoan)
Bng cc my mc thit b u t
VT : 1000VN
Tin
S
n
n
Tin sau
Stt
Hng mc
trc
VAT
lng
v
gi
thu
thu
Chi ph my mc chn
II.1
1,794,000 179,400 1,973,400
nui
1 My ko
2
ci 350,000
700,000
70,000
770,000
2 My pht in
1
ci 250,000
250,000
25,000
275,000
3 Trm bin th
1
ci 185,000
185,000
18,500
203,500
4 My ct c
1
ci
98,000
98,000
9,800
107,800
5 My bm c
1
ci
72,000
72,000
7,200
79,200
6 My cy John Deer 6000
1
My 145,000
145,000
14,500
159,500
7 My trn ri thc n TMR
2
My
50,000
100,000
10,000
110,000
8 My bm
20
ci
2,200
44,000
4,400
48,400
9 H thng PCCC
1
HT
50,000
50,000
5,000
55,000
10 Ging khoan
1
ging 150,000
150,000
15,000
165,000
Theo quyt nh s 957/Q-BXD cng b nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn
u t xy dng cng trnh, lp cc chi ph nh sau:
Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph qun l d n tnh theo nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t xy
dng cng trnh.
Chi ph qun l d n bao gm cc chi ph t chc thc hin cc cng vic qun
l d n t giai on chun b d n, thc hin d n n khi hon thnh nghim thu bn
giao cng trnh vo khai thc s dng, bao gm:
Chi ph t chc lp d n u t.
Chi ph t chc thm nh d n u t, tng mc u t; chi ph t chc thm tra
thit k ky thut, thit k bn v thi cng v d ton xy dng cng trnh.
59
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chi ph t chc la chn nh thu trong hot ng xy dng;

Chi ph t chc qun l cht lng, khi lng, tin v qun l chi ph xy dng
cng trnh;
Chi ph t chc m bo an ton v v sinh mi trng ca cng trnh;
Chi ph t chc nghim thu, thanh ton, quyt ton hp ng; thanh ton, quyt ton
vn u t xy dng cng trnh;
Chi ph t chc nghim thu, bn giao cng trnh;
Chi ph khi cng, khnh thnh;
Chi ph qun l d n = 439,152,000 VN
Chi ph t vn u t xy dng
Bao gm:
- Chi ph t vn lp d n u t;
- Chi ph lp thit k cng trnh;
- Chi ph thm tra thit k bn v thi cng, tnh hiu qu v tnh kh thi ca d n
u t, d ton xy dng cng trnh;
Chi ph lp h s yu cu, h s mi s tuyn, h s mi thu v chi ph phn tch
nh gi h s xut, h s d s tuyn, h s d thu la chn nh thu t vn, nh
thu thi cng xy dng, nh thu cung cp vt t thit, tng thu xy dng;
Chi ph gim st kho st xy dng, gim st thi cng xy dng v gim st lp t
thit b;
V cc khon chi ph khc nh: Chi ph qun l chi ph u t xy dng: tng mc
u t, d ton, nh mc xy dng, n gi xy dng cng trnh, hp ng; Chi ph t vn
qun l d n;
Chi ph t vn u t xy dng = 1,159,615,000
Chi ph khc
Chi ph khc bao gm cc chi ph cn thit khng thuc chi ph xy dng; chi ph
thit b; chi ph qun l d n v chi ph t vn u t xy dng ni trn:
Chi ph bo him cng trnh;
Chi ph kim ton, thm tra, ph duyt quyt ton vn u t;
Chi ph lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng;
Chi ph khc = 137,434 ,000 VN (V)
Chi ph u t b ging v cy cao su
Bng chi ph u t b ging v trng cy cao su
60
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VT: 1000VN
Stt
Hng mc
III Chi ph u t ging

1
B ging
2
C ging
Cy v trng c
Chi ph d ging
D ging
Chi ph c ging
C h
C iu hng
S
lng
n
v
n
gi
Thnh tin
trc thu
VAT
15,900,000 1,590,000
Thnh tin
sau thu
20,310,000
17,490,000
500
con
31,800
70
ha
10,909
763,636
76,364
840,000
200
con
7,273
1,454,545
145,455
1,600,000
2
3
tn
tn
90,909
54,545
181,818
163,636
18,182
16,364
200,000
180,000
D phng ph
D phng ph bng 10% chi ph xy lp, chi ph thit b, chi ph qun l d n, chi
ph t vn u t xy dng, chi ph u t b ging v chi ph khc ph hp vi Thng t
s 05/2007/TT-BXD ngy 25/07/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic Hng dn lp v qun
l chi ph d n u t xy dng cng trnh.
Chi ph d phng
(GXl+Gtb+Gqlda+Gtv+Gk+Gg)*10%= 4,185,460,000 VN
VIII.2.2. Kt qu tng mc u t
61
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bng Tng mc u t
VT: 1,000 VN
STT
HNG MC
I
II
III
IV
Chi ph xy dng
Chi ph my mc thit b
Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph thm tra tnh hiu qu v tnh kh
thi ca d n u t
Chi ph lp d n
Chi ph thit k xy dng cng trnh
Chi ph thm tra thit k bn v thi cng
Chi ph thm tra d ton cng trnh
Chi ph la chn nh thu thi cng xy dng
Chi ph gim st thi cng xy dng
Chi ph lp h s mi thu, nh gi h s
d thu mua sm thit b
Chi ph gim st lp t thit b
Chi ph khc
Chi ph u t b ging
CHI PH D PHNG=Gcp*10%
TNG CNG NGUN VN U T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
V
VI
VII
GT
GT
TRC
VAT
SAU
THU
THU
16,213,636 1,621,364 17,835,000
1,794,000
179,400 1,973,400
399,229
39,923
439,152
1,054,196
105,420 1,159,615
15,847
1,585
17,431
105,345
416,204
30,644
29,833
47,830
391,235
10,534
41,620
3,064
2,983
4,783
39,124
115,879
457,824
33,708
32,816
52,613
430,359
5,149
515
5,664
12,110
124,940
18,463,636
3,804,964
41,854,602
1,211
13,320
12,494
137,434
1,846,364 20,310,000
380,496 4,185,460
4,185,460 46,040,062
62
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG IX: NGUN VN U T THC HIN D N

IX.1. Ngun vn u t ca d n
IX.1.1. Cu trc ngun vn v phn b vn u t
VT : 1,000 VN
GT
TRC THU
STT
HNG MC
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
Chi ph xy dng
Chi ph my mc thit b
Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph khc
Chi ph u t b ging
CHI PH D PHNG
TNG CNG
16,213,636
1,794,000
399,229
1,054,196
124,940
18,463,636
3,804,964
41,854,602
GT
SAU THU
VAT
1,621,364
179,400
39,923
105,420
12,494
1,846,364
380,496
4,185,460
17,835,000
1,973,400
439,152
1,159,615
137,434
20,310,000
4,185,460
46,040,062
IX.1.2. Tin s dng vn

STT
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
Hng mc
Qu IV/2015
Chi ph xy dng
12,484,500
Chi ph my mc thit b
592,020
Chi ph t vn
1,159,615
Chi ph qun l d n
219,576
Chi ph khc
96,204
Chi ph con ging
D phng:
2,092,730
16,644,645
Cng
VT: 1,000 VN
Qu I/2016
Tng cng
5,350,500
17,835,000
1,381,380
1,973,400
1,159,615
219,576
439,152
41,230
137,434
20,310,000
20,310,000
2,092,730
4,185,460
29,395,416
46,040,062
IX.1.3. Ngun vn thc hin d n

STT
1
2
Hng mc
Vn ch s hu
Vn vay
Cng
Qu IV/2015
4,993,394
11,651,252
16,644,645
Qu I/2016
8,818,625
20,576,791
29,395,416
VT: 1,000 VN
Tng
T l (%)
13,812,019
32,228,043
46,040,062
30%
70%
100%
Vi tng mc u t 46,040,062,000 ng.Trong : Ch u t b vn 30% tng

u t tng ng vi s tin 17,191,605,000 ng. Ngoi ra cng ty d nh vay 70% trn
tng vn u t, tc tng s tin cn vay l 32,228,043,000 ng. Ngun vn vay ny d
63
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
kin vay trong thi gian 7 nm vi li sut d kin theo mc li sut u i l 7.8%/nm.
Thi gian n hn tr vn gc l nm 2015 (thi gian xy dng) v thi gian tr n l 7 nm
Phng thc vay vn: n gc c n hn trong thi gian xy dng l nm 2015 v
qu I nm 2016, ch tr li vay theo d n u k v vn vay trong k. Bt u tr n t
khi d n i vo hot ng nm 2016. Tr n gc u hng nm v li vay tnh theo d n
u k.
S vn vay ny k vng s c gii ngn vo nm 2016, vi tng s tin l
32,228,043,000. Trong thi gian xy dng cui mi qu s tr ton b li vay ch cha tr
vn gc v cha c ngun doanh thu. Li vay trong thi gian xy dng c chi tr bng s
tin d phng ph ca d n.
Khi d n i vo khai thc kinh doanh, c ngun thu s bt u tr vn gc. Thi
gian tr n theo tng nm d tnh trong 7 nm vi li sut u i 7.8%/nm, s tin phi
tr mi nm bao gm li vay v vn gc tr u mi nm.
Qua hoch nh ngun doanh thu, chi ph v li vay theo k hoch tr n cho thy
d n hot ng hiu qu, c kh nng tr n ng hn rt cao, mang li li nhun ln cho
nh u t v cc i tc hp tc cho vay.
IX.1.4. Phng n hon tr vn vay v chi ph li vay
Phng n hon tr vn vay c xut trong d n ny l phng n tr li v n
gc nh k hng nm t khi bt u hot ng d n. Phng n hon tr vn vay c
th hin c th ti bng sau:
VT: 1,000 VN
T l vn vay
70%
S tin vay
32,228,043,000 ng
Thi hn vay
7
nm
n hn
6
thng
Li vay
7.8%
/nm
Thi hn tr n
6
nm
6 thng
Hng nm ch u t phi tr vn gc cho s tin i vay l4,958,161,000 ng v s
tin ny tr trong 6 nm 6 thng tip theo. Cn s li vay ch u t s tr km vi li gc
da vo d n u k ca mi thng. Theo d kin th n cui nm 2023 ch u t s
hon tr n ng hn cho ngn hng.
K hoch tr n theo cc nm c th hin c th qua bng k hoch tr n sau:
VT: 1,000
N u k
Tin vay
Tr n
- Li vay
- Vn gc
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
32,228,043 27,269,883 22,311,722 17,353,562 12,395,401 7,437,241 2,479,080
32,228,043
2,513,787 7,471,948 7,085,211 6,698,475 6,311,738 5,925,002 5,538,265 2,672,449
2,513,787 2,513,787 2,127,051 1,740,314 1,353,578
966,841
580,105
193,368
4,958,161 4,958,161 4,958,161 4,958,161 4,958,161 4,958,161 2,479,080
64
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
N cui k 32,228,043 27,269,883 22,311,722 17,353,562 12,395,401 7,437,241 2,479,080

IX.2. Tnh ton chi ph ca d n
IX.2.1. Chi ph nhn cng
i ng qun l v nhn s d kin ca d n gm 28 ngi, trong :
K ton: 1 ngi.
Chu trch nhim v thu chi theo ng k hoch v phng n kinh doanh v chu
trch nhim v tnh ton tin lng cho nhn vin
Qun l chung: 1 ngi.
Ph trch v chu trch nhim trng coi, iu phi mi hot ng ca trang tri, my
xy xt la v vn cao su.
Lao ng ph thng: 16 ngi
- Cng nhn my cy: 2 ngi
- Cng nhn ct c: 2 ngi
- Cng nhn chm sc, ly sa, x l phn thi: 8 ngi
Y t: 2 ngi
Chm sc sc khe, bo m an ton cho ngi lao ng nng trng.
Chi ph nhn cng hng nm bao gm lng ca cn b cng nhn vin, ph cp v
cc khon chi ph BHXH,BHYT, tr cp khc.,mi nm chi ph ny c tnh trung bnh
khong 910,000,000 ng, lng nhn vin tng khong 8%/nm. Chi lng c th nh
bng sau:
TT
Chc danh
1
2
3
4
5
K ton
Qun l chung
Bo v
Cng nhn my cy
Cng nhn ct c
Cng nhn chm sc,ly
sa, x l phn thi
Y T
Tng chi lng
6
7
S
Lng
lng c bn
Ph
cp
T ng
lng
thng
5,500
8,500
7,000
7,000
7,000
1
1
2
2
2
5,000
8,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
500
500
500
500
500
3,000
500 28,000
2
18
3,000
500
7,000
70,000
VT: 1,000 VN
BHXH,
Tng
BHXH,
BHYT
lng
BHYT
(thng)
nm
(nm)
1,100
71,500 14,520
1,700 110,500 22,440
1,400
91,000 18,480
1,400
91,000 18,480
1,400
91,000 18,480
5,600
1,400
14,000
364,000
73,920
91,000 18,480
910,000 184,800
IX.2.2. Chi ph hot ng

Chi ph hot ng bao gm chi ph hot ng bao gm: chi ph bo him phc li
cho nhn vin, chi ph chn nui....
65
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bng tng hp chi ph hot ng 4 nm u ca d n

VT: 1,000 VN
Nm
2016
2017
2018
2019
Hng mc
1
2
3
4
Chi ph BHYT-BHXH
184,800
199,584
215,551
232,795
Chi ph chn nui
6,204,682 9,024,718 10,568,232 12,748,576
Chi ph in
427,563
440,389
544,905
774,129
Chi ph thc n cho b
3,193,750 4,653,750 5,494,450 6,693,735
Chi ph thc n cho d
766,500 1,861,500 2,197,780 2,677,494
Chi ph thc n cho c
627,800
878,628 1,139,238 1,409,921
Chi ph bn phn trng c
1,120,000 1,120,000 1,120,000 1,120,000
Chi ph bo tr my mc thit b
39,468
40,257
41,063
41,884
Ph bo him
29,601.00
30,193
30,797
31,413
TNG CNG
6,389,482 9,224,302 10,783,783 12,981,370
Chi ph bo him, phc li cho nhn vin: chim khong 22% chi ph lng nhn
vin c tnh nm u tin 184,800,000 ng/nm.
Chi ph chn nui b:
+ Chi ph in: d tnh khong 5% doanh thu
+ Chi ph bo tr my mc thit b: d tnh khong 2% gi tr my mc thit b.
+ Chi ph bo him: d tnh khong 1.5% gi tr my mc thit b.
+ Chi ph thc n chn nui:
Chi ph thc n chn nui bao gm cc loi cm tng hp, c v thuc. Lng thc
n c th hin c th qua bng chi ph thc n nh sau 4 nm u :
BNG TNH CHI PH THC N CHO B
Hng mc
S lng b
n gi thc n/ngy/con
+Cm
S lng (kg)
n gi (8,000/kg)
+ C/1 ngy/ 1 con
S lng (kg)
+ Thuc/ 1 ngy/ 1 con
TNG CNG
2016
875
10
8.0
1.0
8.0
10.0
2.0
3,193,750
VT: 1000VN
2017
2018
1250
1447
10
10
8.2
8.3
1.0
1.0
8.2
8.3
10.0
2.04
4,653,750
10.0
2.08
5,494,450
2019
1728
11
8.5
1.0
8.5
10.0
2.12
6,693,735
66
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BNG TNH CHI PH THC N CHO D

Hng mc
S lng d
n gi thc n/ngy/con
+Cm
S lng (kg)
n gi (8,000/kg)
+ C/1 ngy/ 1 con
S lng (kg)
+ Thuc/ 1 ngy/ 1 con
TNG CNG
2016
350
6
4.0
0.5
8.0
5.0
2.0
766,500
2017
500
10
8.2
1.0
8.2
VT: 1000VN
2019
691
11
8.5
1.0
8.5
2018
579
10
8.3
1.0
8.3
5.0
5.0
2.04
2.08
1,861,500 2,197,780
5.0
2.12
2,677,494
Hng mc
2016
2017
2018
2019
Chi ph thc n c h/nm

+Thc n cho1 tn c h/ngy
S lng (kg)
n gi (5000/kg)
Chi ph thc n/tn c diu hng
+Thc n cho c diu hng
S lng (kg)
n gi (5,000/kg)
TNG CNG
233,600
320
64
5.0
394,200
360
72
5.0
627,800
476,544
653
128
5.1
402,084
367
72
5.1
878,628
729,112
999
192
5.2
410,126
375
72
5.2
1,139,238
991,593
1,358
256
5.3
418,328
382
72
5.3
1,409,921
67
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG X: HIU QU KINH T -TI CHNH

X.1. Cc gi nh kinh t v c s tnh ton
Cc thng s gi nh trn dng tnh ton hiu qu kinh t ca d n trn c s
tnh ton ca cc d n trin khai, cc vn bn lin quan n gi bn, cc ti liu cung
cp t Ch u t, c th nh sau:
- Thi gian hot ng ca d n l 20 nm v d tnh qu II nm 2016 d n s i
vo hot ng;
- Vn ch s hu 30 %, vn vay 70 %;
- Cc h thng my mc thit b cn u t m bo cho d n hot ng tt;
- Doanh thu ca d n c t:
+ Trang tri b : bn b tht cao sn cht lng cao, loi thi hng nm
+ Trang tri d : bn d loi thi hng nm v sa d.
- Chi ph khu hao Ti sn c nh: p dng phng php khu hao theo ng
thng, thi gian khu hao s c tnh ph thuc vo thi gian d bo thu hi vn. Trong
tnh ton p dng thi gian khu hao theo ph lc nh km.
- Li sut vay u i: 7.8 %/nm; Thi hn vay 7 nm, n hn 6 thng, tr n 6 nm
6 thng theo phng thc tr gc u v li pht sinh.
- Thu thu nhp doanh nghip ca d n thu sut p dng l 20%.
X.2. Doanh thu t d n
Doanh thu ca d n c tnh ton da trn doanh thu ca trang tri .
Trang tri b:
Ban u ch u t d nh s u t 500 con b ging cao sn.. S lng n b
tng t nhin bng: s lng b trng thnh, s lng b loi thi v s lng b con sinh
ra mi nm. S lng b trng thnh mi nm bng s b trng thnh ca nm trc v
s lng b mi. m bo cho s lng b ging gia tng hng nm, cht lng v
mang li hiu qu cao, hng nm ch u t s gi li mt s b ging khong 30% trong
s b trng thnh mt mt l gia tng lng b ging v mt khc l thay th cho
nhng con b ging km cht lng. Nhng b ging loi thi khong 20% s c em
bn tht. S lng b c trong n khong 50% lng b trng thnh sau mt nm chm
sc v nui dng s em bn vi trng lng trung bnh khong 450-500 kg/con
Theo nghin cu gi c trn th trng hin nay th gi ca b hi trung bnh khong
80,000/kg, gi b loi thi khong 60,000/kg, mc gi d tnh s tng 3%/nm.
Ngoi ngun doanh thu t bn b hi v b loi thi hng nm ch u t cn c
mt ngun doanh thu t vic bn phn chung mi nm vi n gi l 350,000/khi.
Tnh ton doanh thu:

+ Tht b loi thi
Doanh thu t tht b sa loi thi bt u t nm th 5, s lng b loi thi c
tnh chim 20% trong tng s lng n b.
68
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Doanh thu = khi lng b loi thai x n gi/kg

+ Tht b t c
B t c chim khong 50% s lng b t mi sinh ra mi nm
Doanh thu = khi lng b t c x n gi/kg
Sau y l bng tng hp doanh thu ca trang tri b qua cc nm:
VT: 1,000 VN
STT
HNG MC
2016
2017
2018
2019
1
2
3
4
Tng s lng b (con)
875
1,250
1,447
1,728
S lng n b ging ca trang tri
500
500
613
725
S lng b con mi sinh
375
375
459
544
Tng S lng b trng thnh (sau 1
375
375
459
nm)
+ S lng b trng thnh gi li
113
113
138
+ S lng b trng thnh bn
263
263
322
S lng b thanh l
Tng s b nui trong tri
DOANH THU HNG NM
1
B t trng thnh
7,650,000 7,879,500
9,941,959
1.1 Bn b ging (b ci)
2,250,000 2,317,500
2,924,106
S con
75
75
92
n ga/con
30,000
30,900
31,827
1.2 Bn b tht (b c)
5,400,000 5,562,000
7,017,854
50% S con
188
188
230
Khi lng hi
67,500
67,500
82,688
n gi/kg
80
82
85
2
Thanh l b ging loi thi
Khi lng (kg)
n gi/kg
60
62
64
3
Bn phn chung
875,000
901,250
Khi lng(khi)
n gi/khi
TNG CNG
2,500
350
875,000
2,500
361
8,551,250
928,288
956,136
2,500
2,500
371
382
8,807,788 10,898,095
69
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HNG MC
STT
1
1.1
1.2
50%
Doanh thu t nui d:

2016
1
350
200
150
2017
2
500
200
150
Tng s lng d (con)

S lng n d ging ca trang tri
S lng d con mi sinh
Tng S lng d trng thnh (sau 1
150
nm)
+ S lng d trng thnh gi li
45
+ S lng d trng thnh bn
105
S lng d thanh l
Tng s d nui trong tri
Doanh thu hng nm
D t trng thnh
1,860,000
Bn d ging (d ci)
240,000
S con
30
n ga/con
8,000
Bn d tht (d c)
1,620,000
S con
75
Khi lng hi
27,000
n gi/kg
60
Thanh l d ging loi thi
Khi lng (kg)
n gi/kg
40
Bn phn chung
Khi lng(khi)
n gi/khi
Bn sa
Khi lng(khi)
n gi/khi
TNG CNG
210,000
216,300
600
600
350
361
6,480,000 6,674,400
108,000
108,000
60
62
6,690,000 8,750,700
VT: 1000 VN
2018
2019
3
4
579
691
245
290
184
218
150
184
45
105
-
55
129
1,915,800
247,200
30
8,240
1,668,600
75
27,000
62
41
2,417,261
311,905
37
8,487
2,105,356
92
33,075
64
42
222,789
229,473
600
371
8,421,424
132,300
64
10,560,013
600
382
10,267,263
156,600
66
12,913,996
Doanh thu t c
C tm vi khi lng tng trung bnh 2kg/nm v 5 nm sut bn 1 ln vi
t l c sng 70%. C iu hng sau 1 nm t trng lng 2 kg c xut bn hng
nm vi t l c sng ti lc xut l 80%.
70
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
STT
HNG MC
2016
1
Doanh thu bn c h
Khi lng(tn)
n gi(nghn ng/tn)
Doanh thu bn c diu hng
Khi lng(tn)
n gi(nghn ng/tn)
Doanh thu bn c
Nm
Tng doanh thu
2017
2
2018
3
720,000 741,600 763,848

48
48
48
15,000 15,450 15,914
720,000 741,600 763,848
VT: 1000 VN
2019
2020
4
5
30,800,000
280
110000
786,763
810,366
48
48
16,391
16,883
786,763 31,610,366
Tng doanh thu ca d n c th hin qua bng sau:

VT: 1000 VN
2016
2017
2018
2019
8,285,000
18,043,550
20,131,649
24,598,855
2020
61,380,605
X.3. Cc ch tiu kinh t ca d n

Bo co thu nhp ca d n:
Nm
Doanh thu
Chi ph
Chi ph sx kinh doanh
Chi ph khu hao
Chi ph li vay
Lng nhn vin
Li nhun trc thu
Thu TNDN (20%)
Li nhun sau thu
2016
8,285,000
11,748,311
6,389,482
1,935,042
2,513,787
910,000
(3,463,311)
(3,463,311)
2017
18,043,550
14,269,194
9,224,302
1,935,042
2,127,051
982,800
3,774,356
754,871
3,019,485
VT: 1,000 VN
2018
2019
20,131,649 24,598,855
15,520,563 17,416,328
10,783,783 12,981,370
1,935,042
1,935,042
1,740,314
1,353,578
1,061,424
1,146,338
4,611,086
7,182,527
922,217
1,436,505
3,688,869
5,746,022
Trong thi gian u v s lng b, d ging cha nhn c nhiu nn doanh thu t
trang tri vn cn hn ch v cha mang li li nhun cho ch u t. Nhng nhng nm
tip theo, doanh thu ca d n tng ln do lng b ging ngy cng tng, d cho sa v c
h bt u i vo khai thc ng thi c sn th trng u ra v th mang li li nhun cao
cho ch u t. Ch d n cng t ra cc phng n sn xut hp l trang tri c th
hot ng n nh, hiu qu v lu bn cng vi d n.
71
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bng bo co ngn lu:

Nm
NGN LU VO
Doanh thu
Tng ngn lu vo
NGN LU RA
Chi ph u t ban u
B sung vn lu ng
Chi ph hot ng
Chi ph nhn cng
Tng ngn lu ra
Ngn lu rng trc
thu
Thu TNDN
Ngn lu rng sau thu
H s chit khu
Hin gi ngn lu rng
Hin gi tch luy
2015
0
2016
1
VT: 1,000 VN
2017
2018
2
3
8,285,000
8,285,000
18,043,550
18,043,550
20,131,649
20,131,649
16,644,645
29,395,416
1,597,370
6,389,482
910,000
38,292,268
708,705
9,224,302
982,800
10,915,807
389,870
10,783,783
1,061,424
12,235,077
(16,644,645)
(30,007,268)
7,127,743
7,896,572
(16,644,645)
1.00
(16,644,645)
(16,644,645)
(30,007,268)
0.92
(27,562,983)
(44,207,628)
754,871
6,372,872
0.84
5,376,934
(38,830,694)
922,217
6,974,354
0.77
5,405,094
(33,425,600)
16,644,645
Ch tiu
TT
1
Tng mc u t
Gi tr hin ti thun NPV
T sut hon vn ni b IRR (%)
Thi gian hon vn
46,040,062,000
126,370,033,000
29%
6 nm 3 thng
nh gi
Hiu qu
Vng i hot ng ca d n l 20 nm k t nm bt u xy dng.

Dng tin thu vo bao gm: tng doanh thu hng nm; ngun thu t vn vay ngn
hng; gi tr ti sn thanh l.
Dng tin chi ra gm: cc khon chi u t ban u nh xy lp,mua sm MMTB;
chi ph hot ng hng nm (khng bao gm chi ph khu hao); chi ph nhn cng; chi tr
n vay ngn hng gm c li vay v vn gc; tin thu np cho ngn sch Nh Nc.
Da vo kt qu ngn lu vo v ngn lu ra, ta tnh c cc ch s ti chnh, v
kt qu cho thy:
Hin gi thu nhp thun ca d n l :NPV = 126,370,033,000 ng >0
72
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Sut sinh li ni ti l: IRR = 29%

Thi gian hon vn tnh l 6 nm 3 thng, tuy nhin thi gian trn bao gm c 6
thng xy dng nn thi gian hon vn ca d n tnh t khi d n bt u hot ng l 5
nm 9 thng.
Qua qu trnh hoch nh, phn tch v tnh ton cc ch s ti chnh trn cho thy
d n mang li li nhun cao cho ch u t, sut sinh li ni b cng cao hn s k vng
ca nh u t, v kh nng thu hi vn nhanh.
X.4. nh gi hiu qu kinh t - x hi
D n Trng cao su kt hp chn nui cng ngh mi c nhiu tc ng tch cc
n s pht trin kinh t x hi. ng gp vo s pht trin v tng trng ca nn kinh t
quc dn ni chung v ca khu vc ni ring. Nh nc v a phng c ngun thu ngn
sch t Thu GTGT, Thu Thu nhp doanh nghip, thu xut khu. To ra cng n vic
lm cho ngi lao ng v thu nhp cho ch u t;
Khng ch tim nng v mt th trng lnh vc mi trng, d n cn rt kh thi
qua cc thng s ti chnh nh NPV= 126,370,033,000 ng ; Sut sinh li ni b l: IRR
= 29 % ; thi gian ho vn sau 6 nm 3 thng k c nm xy dng. iu ny cho thy d
n mang li li nhun cao cho nh u t, nim tin ln khi kh nng thanh ton n vay cao
v thu hi vn u t nhanh. Thm vo , d n cn ng gp rt ln cho ngn sch Nh
Nc v gii quyt mt lng ln lc lng lao ng cho c nc.
73
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG XI: KT LUN V KIN NGH

XI.1. Kt lun
Vic thc hin u t Trang tri VAC cng ngh cao s gp phn ng k trong
vic chuyn i c cu sn xut nng nghip, to vic lm, tng thu nhp, ci thin i
sng ngi dn a phng. Bn cnh , chn nui b cng cung ng ngun nguyn
liu tht quan trng, p ng yu cu th trng tnh Hu Giang v cc tnh ln cn.
Cng ty chng ti khng nh Trang tri VAC cng ngh cao ti Phng Hip tnh
Hu Giang p ng c nhu cu v li ch kinh t - x hi. Ring v mt ti chnh c
nh gi rt kh thi thng qua k hoch vay vn s dng vn, chi ph u t, chi ph hot
ng v ngun doanh thu c cn c da vo phn tch iu kin kinh t tnh hnh th trng
trong nc.
XI.2. Kin ngh
Cn c kt qu nghin cu v phn tch, trang tri VAC cng ngh cao l mt
hng i c hiu qu kinh t cao, gp phn to vic lm, tng thu nhp, nng cao i sng
cho nng dn. Bn cnh , d n nhm kch thch v thu ht ngi tiu dng s dng sn
phm tht c ngun gc t nhin chm sc sc. Do vy chng ti xin c kin ngh
mt s kin sau:
+ To iu kin thun li giao t, thu t theo quy nh ca php lut v t ai,
c u i cao nht v thu tin s dng t v thi gian s dng t to c hi cho n
b c thc n th mt cch ch ng v cht lng. V yu t t ai cn l nhn t quan
trng quyt nh n nng sut tht ca n b, d cng l ng lc thc y chn nui a
phng pht trin.
+ Cc c quan cn hng dn r nhng qui nh php lut, trnh t, th tc cp pht,
thanh quyt ton ngun kinh ph h tr nhm to iu kin cho d n c trin khai trong
thi gian sm nht.
+ u i v kinh ph vay vn, con ging v ngun tiu th sn phm vi gi thnh
hp l. Bn cnh , Nh nc h tr chnh sch bo him sn xut vt nui khc phc
ri ro v thin tai, dch bnh, gi c.
D n ny c lin quan mt thit n s pht trin ca Cng ty chng ti, knh
ngh cc cp c thm quyn sm xem xt ph duyt d n chng ti tin hnh trin khai
cc bc tip theo.
Hu Giang, ngy thng nm 2015
CH U T
74
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CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

TRANG TRI VAC HU GIANG

Hu Giang - Thng 10 nm 2015

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

Hu Giang Thng 10 nm 2015

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

CHNG I: GII THIU CH U T V D N

I.2. M t s b thng tin d n

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

Thng t s 78/2014/TT-BTC ngy 18 thng 06 nm 2014 v vic hng dn thi

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

Thng t 219/2013/TT-BTC ngy 31/12/2013 ca B Ti Chnh hng dn thi

Cc tiu chun Vit Nam

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

TCVN 5576-1991 : H thng cp thot nc - quy phm qun l ky thut;

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D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

CHNG II: NGHIN CU TH TRNG

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

Khc vi b sa chuyn phc ph cho mc ch ly sa hoc cc ging b nh khc

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

V nhp khu, cc th trng ln nht l My (15%), Nga (10%), Nht Bn (10%)

- San lng tht gia sc nm 2014

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

Ngun: Tng cuc Thngk

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

Lan nhng li c hp thc ha l b nui ca ngi dn a phng. Gn y s lng

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

mt s ni trn th gii, c bit l chu u v Bc My, cc ging khc nhau ca

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D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

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D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

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D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

B4: Pht trin sn lng sa d trn th gii

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

Ngun: Suzanne Pish, Michigan State University Extension, USDA.

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

cu ngnh chn nui tnh Ninh Thun n nm 2020, 2014.

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

CHNG III: PHN TCH MI TRNG U T

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG

Trong nhng nm gn y, huyn Phng Hip v ang tp trung u t pht trin

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

D N TRANG TRI VAC-HU GIANG