Tong Quan Dich Vu Mang Viettel Ts Nguyen Pham Anh Dung 110 Trang 8938

LI NI U
Ngy ny thng tin di ng l ngnh cng nghip vin thng pht trin
nhanh nht vi con s thu bao t n 3,6 t tnh n cui nm 2008. Khi
ngun t dch v thoi t tin cho mt s t ngi i xe, n nay vi s ng
dng ngy cng rng ri cc thit b thng tin di ng th h ba, thng tin di
ng c th cung cp nhiu hnh loi dch v i hi tc s liu cao cho
ngi s dng k c cc chc nng camera, MP3 v PDA. Vi cc dch v i
hi tc cao ngy cc tr nn ph bin ny, nhu cu 3G cng nh pht trin n
ln 4G ngy cng tr nn cp thit.
ITU a ra n tiu chun ho h thng thng tin di ng th h ba
vi tn gi IMT-2000 t c cc mc tiu chnh sau y:
Tc truy nhp cao m bo cc dch v bng rng nh truy nhp
internet nhanh hoc cc ng dng a phng tin, do yu cu ngy cng
tng v cc dch v ny.
Linh hot m bo cc dch v mi nh nh s c nhn ton cu v
in thoi v tinh. Cc tnh nng ny s cho php m rng ng k tm
ph ca cc h thng thng tin di ng.
Tng thch vi cc h thng thng tin di ng hin c m bo s
pht trin lin tc ca thng tin di ng .
Nhiu tiu chun cho h thng thng tin di ng th h ba IMT-2000
c xut, trong hai h thng WCDMA UMTS v cdma-2000 c
ITU chp thun v c a vo hot ng. Cc h thng ny u s dng
cng ngh CDMA iu ny cho php thc hin tiu chun ton th gii cho giao
din v tuyn ca h thng thng tin ng th h ba.
HSDPA (High Speech Downlink Packet Access: truy nhp gi ng
xung tc cao) l mt m rng ca cc h thng 3G WCDMA UMTS c
th cung cp tc ln n 10 Mbps trn ng xung. HSDPA l mt chun
tng cng ca 3GPP-3G nhm tng dung lng ng xung bng cch thay
th iu ch QPSK trong 3G UMTS bng 16QAM trong HSDPA. HSDPA hot
ng trn c s kt hp ghp knh theo thi gian (TDM) vi ghp knh theo m
v s dng thch ng ng truyn. N cng a ra mt knh iu khin ring
m bo tc truyn dn s liu. Cc k thut tng t cng c p dng
cho ng ln trong chun HSUPA (High Speech Uplink Packet Access). Hai
cng ngh truy nhp HSDPA v HSUPA c gi chung l HSPA (High Speed
Packet Data). lm cho cng ngh 3GPP UTRA/UTRAN mang tnh cnh
tranh hn na (ch yu l cnh tranh vi cc cng ngh mi ca 3GPP2 v
WiMAX), 3GPP quyt nh pht trin E-UTRA v E-UTRAN (E: Elvolved k
hiu cho pht trin) cn c gi l siu 3G (Super-3G) hay LTE (Long Term
Evolution) m thc cht l giai on u 4G. Cng vic pht trin s tin hnh
trong 10 nm v sau nh l s pht trin di hn (LTE: Long Term
Evolution) ca cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn 3GPP. Trong giai on ny tc
s liu t c 30-100Mbps vi bng thng 20MHz. Tip sau LTE, IMT-Adv
TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng
(IMT tin tin) s c pht trin, y s l thi k pht trin ca 4G vi tc

t 100 n 1000 Mbps v bng thng 100MHz. Hnh L.1 cho thy vin cnh ca
thng tin di ng 4G v kh nng p ng tc chuyn ng v v tc
truyn s liu.
B3G: Broad Band 3G: 3G bng rng

WLAN: Wirless Local Area Network: Mng ni vng khng dy
BWA: Broad Band Wirless Access: truy nhp khng dy bng rng
Hnh L.1. Vin cnh thng tin di ng 4G theo kh nng h tr tc chuyn
ng v tc truyn s liu
Hin nay tai Vit Nam bng tn I dnh cho WCDMA c chia l bn
khe v c cp pht cho bn nh khai thc: Viettel, VMS, GPC, EVN+HT.
Trong cc nm ti 3GWCDMA UMTS s c trin khai trn bng tn ny.
Bi ging Gii thiu cng ngh 3G WCDMA UMTS nhm cung cp
cc khi nim c bn v cng ngh 3G WCDMA UMTS cho cc cn b Tng
Cng ty Vin Thng Qun i (Viettel).
Bi ging bao gm bn chng. Chng u trnh by khi qut chung v
s pht trin ca cc h thng thng tin di ng ln 4G, kin trc chung ca mt
mng 3G; cc kin trc R3, R4, R5 v R6 ca mng thng tin di ng 3G
WCDMA UMTS. Chng hai trnh by a truy nhp CDMA v cc k thut
lin quan c p dng cho WCDMA. Chng ba gii thiu giao din v tuyn
c WCDMA. Chng bn gii thiu cng ngh a truy nhp tc cao HSPA
Cc chng ca ti liu ny u c kt cu theo modul hc vin d
hc hc. Mi chng u c phn gii thiu chung, ni dung v tng kt.
H ng ngy 12 thng 6 nm 2009

Tc gi
MC LC
Chng 1...................................................................................6
TNG QUAN MNG 3G WCDMA UMTS........................................6
1.1. GII THIU CHUNG..........................................................6
1.2. L TRNH PHT TRIN THNG TIN DI NG LN 4G........6
1.3. KIN TRC CHUNG CA MT H THNG THNG TIN DI
NG 3G................................................................................8
1.4. CHUYN MCH KNH (CS), CHUYN MCH GI (PS), DCH
V CHUYN MCH KNH V DCH V CHUYN MCH GI......9
1.5. CC LOI LU LNG V DCH V C 3GWCDMA
UMTS H TR ......................................................................12
1.6. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R3 ...................................14
1.7. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R4....................................22
1.8. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R5 v R6..........................23
1.9. CHIN LC DCH CHUYN T GSM SANG UMTS..........26
1.10. CU HNH A L CA H THNG THNG TIN DI NG
3G......................................................................................... 29
1.11. TNG KT....................................................................32
Chng 2.................................................................................33
CNG NGH A TRUY NHP CA WCDMA...............................33
2.1. GII THIU CHUNG........................................................33
2.2. TRI PH V A TRUY NHP PHN CHIA THEO M........34
2.3. IU KHIN CNG SUT.................................................37
2.4. CHUYN GIAO TRONG H THNG CDMA........................38
2.5. MY THU PHN TP A NG HAY MY THU RAKE. . . .40
2.6. CC M TRI PH S DNG TRONG WCDMA.................41
2.7. TRI PH V IU CH NG LN..............................43
2.8. TRI PH V IU CH NG XUNG........................46
2.9. TNG KT......................................................................49
Chng 3.................................................................................50
GIAO DIN V TUYN CA WCDMA UMTS................................50
3.1. GII THIU CHUNG........................................................50
3.2. M U.........................................................................50
3.3. KIN TRC NGN XP GIAO THC CA GIAO DIN V
TUYN WCDMA/FDD..............................................................52
3.4. CC THNG S LP VT L V QUY HOCH TN S.....53
3.5. CC KNH CA WCDMA.................................................57
3.6. CU TRC KNH VT L RING......................................66
3.7. S TNG QUT MY PHT V MY THU WCDMA.....67
3.8. PHN TP PHT............................................................69
3.9. IU KHIN CNG SUT TRONG WCDMA.......................71
3.10. CC KIU CHUYN GIAO V CC S KIN BO CO
TRONG WCDMA..................................................................... 73
3.11. CC THNG S MY THU V MY PHT V TUYN CA

UE.........................................................................................75
3.12. AMR CODEC CHO W-CDMA ..........................................76
3.13. TNG KT....................................................................76
Chng 4.................................................................................78
TRUY NHP GI TC CAO (HSPA).......................................78
4.1. GII THIU CHUNG........................................................78
4.2. TNG QUAN TRUY NHP GI TC CAO (HSPA).........78
4.3. KIN TRC NGN XP GIAO THC GIAO DIN V TUYN
HSPA CHO S LIU NGI S DNG...................................79
4.4. TRUY NHP GI TC CAO NG XUNG (HSDPA) 81
4.5. TRUY NHP GI TC CAO NG LN (HSUPA)......92
4.6. CHUYN GIAO TRONG HSDPA .....................................100
4.7. TNG KT....................................................................103
Thut ng v vit tt.............................................................. 104
Ti
liu
tham
kho..100
Chng 1
TNG QUAN MNG 3G WCDMA UMTS
1.1. GII THIU CHUNG
1.1.1. Mc ch chng
Hiu l trnh pht trin thng tin di ng ln 4G
Hiu c kin trc tng qut ca mt mng thng tin di ng 3G.
Hiu cc kin trc mng 3G WCDMA UMTS: R3, R4 v R5 v chin
lc chuyn dch GSM ln 3G UMTS
1.1.2. Cc ch c trnh by trong chng
L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G
Kin trc chung ca mt mng thng tin di ng 3G
Cc khi nim v cc dch v chuyn mch knh v cc dch v chuyn
mch gi
Cc loi lu lng v cc loi dch v m 3G WCDMA UMTS c th h
tr
Kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS qua cc pht hnh khc nhau: R3, R4, R5
v R6
Chin lc chuyn dch GSM ln 3G UMTS
1.1.3. Hng dn
Hc k cc t liu c trnh by trong chng
Tham kho thm cc ti liu tham kho cui ti liu
1.2. L TRNH PHT TRIN THNG TIN DI NG LN 4G
L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G c cho trn

hnh 1.1 v l trnh nghin cu pht trin trong 3GPP c cho trn hnh 1.2..
AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System

TACS: Total Access Communication System
GSM: Global System for Mobile Telecommucations
WCDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
EVDO: Evolution Data Only
IMT: International Mobile Telecommnications
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electtronics Engineers
WiFi: Wireless Fidelitity
WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
LTE: Long Term Evolution
UMB: Untra Mobile Broadband
Hnh 1.1. L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G
Hnh 1.2. Lch trnh nghin cu pht trin trong 3GPP

Hnh 1.3. cho thy l trnh tng tc truyn s liu trong cc pht hnh ca
3GPP
Hnh 1.3. L trnh tng tc truyn s liu trong cc pht hnh ca 3GPP
1.3. KIN TRC CHUNG CA MT H THNG THNG TIN DI NG
3G
Mng thng tin di ng (TTD) 3G lc u s l mng kt hp gia cc
vng chuyn mch gi (PS) v chuyn mch knh (CS) truyn s liu gi v
ting. Cc trung tm chuyn mch gi s l cc chuyn mch s dng cng ngh
ATM. Trn ng pht trin n mng ton IP, chuyn mch knh s dn c
thay th bng chuyn mch gi. Cc dch v k c s liu ln thi gian thc (nh
ting v video) cui cng s c truyn trn cng mt mi trng IP bng cc
chuyn mch gi. Hnh 1.4 di y cho thy th d v mt kin trc tng qut
ca TTD 3G kt hp c CS v PS trong mng li.
RAN: Radio Access Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn

BTS: Base Transceiver Station: trm thu pht gc
BSC: Base Station Controller: b iu khin trm gc
RNC: Rado Network Controller: b iu khin trm gc
CS: Circuit Switch: chuyn mch knh
PS: Packet Switch: chuyn mch gi
SMS: Short Message Servive: dch v nhn tin
Server: my ch
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network: mng in thoi chuyn mch

cng cng
PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network: mang di ng cng cng mt t
Hnh 1.4. Kin trc tng qut ca mt mng di ng kt hp c CS v PS
Cc min chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS) c th hin
bng mt nhm cc n v chc nng lgic: trong thc hin thc t cc min
chc nng ny c t vo cc thit b v cc nt vt l. Chng hn c th
thc hin chc nng chuyn mch knh CS (MSC/GMSC) v chc nng
chuyn mch gi (SGSN/GGSN) trong mt nt duy nht c mt h thng
tch hp cho php chuyn mch v truyn dn cc kiu phng tin khc nhau:
t lu lng ting n lu lng s liu dung lng ln.
3G UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System: H thng
thng tin di ng ton cu) c th s dng hai kiu RAN. Kiu th nht s
dng cng ngh a truy nhp WCDMA (Wide Band Code Devision Multiple
Acces: a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng rng) c gi l UTRAN (UMTS
Terrestrial Radio Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t ca UMTS). Kiu
th hai s dng cng ngh a truy nhp TDMA c gi l GERAN (GSM
EDGE Radio Access Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn da trn cng ngh
EDGE ca GSM). Ti liu ch xt cp n cng ngh duy nht trong
UMTS c gi l 3G WCDMA UMTS
1.4. CHUYN MCH KNH (CS), CHUYN MCH GI (PS), DCH V
CHUYN MCH KNH V DCH V CHUYN MCH GI.
3G cung cp cc dch v chuyn mch knh nh ting, video v cc dch
v chuyn mch gi ch yu truy nhp internet.
Chuyn mch knh (CS: Circuit Switch) l s chuyn mch trong
thit b chuyn mch thc hin cc cuc truyn tin bng cch thit lp kt ni
chim mt ti nguyn mng nht nh trong ton b cuc truyn tin. Kt ni ny
l tm thi, lin tc v dnh ring. Tm thi v n ch c duy tr trong thi
gian cuc gi. Lin tc v n c cung cp lin tc mt ti nguyn nht nh
(bng thng hay dung lng v cng sut) trong sut thi gian cuc gi. Dnh
ring v kt ni ny v ti nguyn ch dnh ring cho cuc gi ny. Thit b
chuyn mch s dng cho CS trong cc tng i ca TTD 2G thc hin
chuyn mch knh trn trn c s ghp knh theo thi gian trong mi knh
c tc 64 kbps v v th ph hp cho vic truyn cc ng dng lm vic ti
tc c nh 64 kbps (chng hn ting c m ho PCM).
Chuyn mch gi (PS: Packet Switch) l s chuyn mch thc hin
phn chia s liu ca mt kt ni thnh cc gi c di nht nh v chuyn
mch cc gi ny theo thng tin v ni nhn c gn vi tng gi v PS ti
nguyn mng ch b chim dng khi c gi cn truyn. Chuyn mch gi cho
php nhm tt c cc s liu ca nhiu kt ni khc nhau ph thuc vo ni
dung, kiu hay cu trc s liu thnh cc gi c kch thc ph hp v truyn

chng trn mt knh chia s. Vic nhm cc s liu cn truyn c thc hin
bng ghp knh thng k vi n nh ti nguyn ng. Cc cng ngh s dng
cho chuyn mch gi c th l Frame Relay, ATM hoc IP.
Hnh 1.5. cho thy cu trc ca CS v PS.
Hnh 1.5. Chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS).

Dch v chuyn mch knh (CS Service) l dch v trong mi u cui
c cp pht mt knh ring v n ton quyn s dng ti nguyn ca knh
ny trong thi gian cuc gi tuy nhin phi tr tin cho ton b thi gian ny d
c truyn tin hay khng. Dch v chuyn mch knh c th c thc hin trn
chuyn mch knh (CS) hoc chuyn mch gi (PS). Thng thng dch v ny
c p dng cho cc dch v thi gian thc (thoi).
Dch v chuyn mch gi (PS Service) l dch v trong nhiu u cui
cng chia s mt knh v mi u cui ch chim dng ti nguyn ca knh ny
khi c thng tin cn truyn v n ch phi tr tin theo lng tin c truyn
trn knh. Dch v chuyn mch gi ch c th c thc hin trn chuyn mch
gi (PS). Dch v ny rt rt ph hp cho cc dch v phi thi gian thc (truyn
s liu), tuy nhin nh s pht trin ca cng ngh dch v ny cng c p
dng cho cc dch v thi gian thc (VoIP).
Chuyn mch gi c th thc hin trn c s ATM hoc IP.
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode: ch truyn d b) l cng ngh
thc hin phn chia thng tin cn pht thnh cc t bo 53 byte truyn dn v
chuyn mch. Mt t bo ATM gm 5 byte tiu (c cha thng tin nh
tuyn) v 48 byte ti tin (cha s liu ca ngi s dng). Thit b chuyn mch
ATM cho php chuyn mch nhanh trn c s chuyn mch phn cng tham
chun theo thng tin nh tuyn tiu m khng thc hin pht hin li trong
tng t bo. Thng tin nh tuyn trong tiu gm: ng dn o (VP) v knh
10
o (VC). iu khin kt ni bng VC (tng ng vi knh ca ngi s dng)

v VP (l mt b cc VC) cho php khai thc v qun l c kh nng m rng
v c linh hot cao. Thng thng VP c thit lp trn c s s liu ca h
thng ti thi im xy dng mng. Vic s dng ATM trong mng li cho ta
nhiu ci li: c th qun l lu lng kt hp vi RAN, cho php thc hin cc
chc nng CS v PS trong cng mt kin trc v thc hin khai thc cng nh
iu khin cht lng lin kt.
Chuyn mch hay Router IP (Internet Protocol) cng l mt cng ngh
thc hin phn chia thng tin pht thnh cc gi c gi l ti tin (Payload).
Sau mi gi c gn mt tiu cha cc thng tin a ch cn thit cho
chuyn mch. Trong thng tin di ng do v tr ca u cui di ng thay i
nn cn phi c thm tiu b sung nh tuyn theo v tr hin thi ca my
di ng. Qu trnh nh tuyn ny c gi l truyn ng hm (Tunnel). C
hai c ch thc hin iu ny: MIP (Mobile IP: IP di ng) v GTP (GPRS
Tunnel Protocol: giao thc ng hm GPRS). Tunnel l mt ng truyn m
ti u vo ca n gi IP c ng bao vo mt tiu mang a ch ni nhn
(trong trng hp ny l a ch hin thi ca my di ng) v ti u ra gi IP
c tho bao bng cch loi b tiu bc ngoi (hnh 1.6).
Hnh 1.6. ng bao v tho bao cho gi IP trong qu trnh truyn tunnel
Hnh 1.7 cho thy qu trnh nh tuyn tunnel (chuyn mch tunnel) trong
h thng 3G UMTS t tng i gi cng (GGSN) cho mt my di ng (UE)
khi n chuyn t vng phc v ca mt tng i gi ni ht (SGSN1) ny sang
mt vng phc v ca mt tng i gi ni ht khc (SGSN2) thng qua giao
thc GTP.
11
Hnh 1.7. Thit lp kt ni tunnel trong chuyn mch tunnel

V 3G WCDMA UMTS c pht trin t nhng nm 1999 khi m ATM
l cng ngh chuyn mch gi cn ng tr nn cc tiu chun cng c xy
dng trn cng ngh ny. Tuy nhin hin nay v tng lai mng vin thng s
c xy dng trn c s internet v th cc chuyn mch gi s l chuyn mch
hoc router IP.
1.5. CC LOI LU LNG V DCH V C 3GWCDMA UMTS H

TR
V TTD 3G cho php truyn dn nhanh hn, nn truy nhp Internet v
lu lng thng tin s liu khc s pht trin nhanh. Ngoi ra TTD 3G cng
c s dng cho cc dch v ting. Ni chung TTD 3G h tr cc dch v
tryn thng a phng tin. V th mi kiu lu lng cn m bo mt mc
QoS nht nh tu theo ng dng ca dch v. QoS W-CDMA c phn loi
nh sau:
Loi hi thoi (Conversational, rt): Thng tin tng tc yu cu tr nh (thoi
chng hn).
Loi lung (Streaming, rt): Thng tin mt chiu i hi dch v lung vi tr
nh (phn phi truyn hnh thi gian thc chng hn: Video Streaming)
Loi tng tc (Interactive, nrt): i hi tr li trong mt thi gian nht nh v
t l li thp (trnh duyt Web, truy nhp server chng hn).
Loi nn (Background, nrt): i hi cc dch v n lc nht c thc hin trn
nn c s (e-mail, ti xung file: Video Download)
Mi trng hot ng ca 3WCDMA UMTS c chia thnh bn vng
vi cc tc bit Rb phc v nh sau:
Vng 1: trong nh, pico, Rb 2Mbps
12
Vng 2: thnh ph, micro, Rb 384 kbps

Vng 2: ngoi , macro, Rb 144 kbps
Vng 4: Ton cu, Rb = 12,2 kbps
C th tng kt cc dch v do 3GWCDMA UMTS cung cp bng 1.1.
Bng 1.1. Phn loi cc dch v 3GWDCMA UMTS
Kiu
Phn loi
Dch v chi tit
Dch v Dch v di ng
di ng
Dch v thng
tin nh v
Dch v m
thanh
Di ng u cui/di ng c nhn/di ng
dch v
- Theo di di ng/ theo di di ng thng
minh
- Dch v m thanh cht lng cao (16-64
kbps)
- Dch v truyn thanh AM (32-64 kbps)
- Dch v truyn thanh FM (64-384 kbps)
Dch v Dch v s liu
- Dch v s liu tc trung bnh (64-144
vin
kbps)
thng
- Dch v s liu tc tng i cao (144
kbps- 2Mbps)
- Dch v s liu tc cao ( 2Mbps)
Dch
v
a - Dch v Video (384 kbps)
phng tin
- Dch v hnh chuyn ng (384kbps- 2
Mbps)
- Dch v hnh chuyn ng thi gian thc
( 2 Mbps)
Dch v Internet Dch v truy nhp Web (384 kbps-2Mbps)
n gin
Dch v Dch v Internet Dch v Internet (384 kbps-2Mbps)
Internet
thi gian thc
Dch v internet Dch v Website a phng tin thi gian
a phng tin
thc ( 2Mbps)
3G WCDMA UMTS c xy dng theo ba pht hnh chnh c gi l
R3, R4, R5. Trong mng li R3 v R4 bao gm hai min: min CS (Circuit
Switch: chuyn mch knh) v min PS (Packet Switch: chuyn mch gi). Vic
kt hp ny ph hp cho giai on u khi PS cha p ng tt cc dch v thi
gian thc nh thoi v hnh nh. Khi ny min CS s m nhim cc dch v
thoi cn s liu c truyn trn min PS. R4 pht trin hn R3 ch min CS
13
chuyn sang chuyn mch mm v th ton b mng truyn ti gia cc nt

chuyn mch u trn IP.
Di y ta xt ba kin trc 3G WCDMA
UMTS ni trn.
1.6. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R3
WCDMA UMTS R3 h tr c kt ni chuyn mch knh ln chuyn
mch gi: n 384 Mbps trong min CS v 2Mbps trong min PS. Cc kt ni
tc cao ny m bo cung cp mt tp cc dich v mi cho ngi s dng di
ng ging nh trong cc mng in thoi c nh v Internet. Cc dch v ny
gm: in thoi c hnh (Hi ngh video), m thanh cht lng cao (CD) v tc
truyn cao ti u cui. Mt tnh nng khc cng c a ra cng vi GPRS
l "lun lun kt ni" n Internet. UMTS cng cung cp thng tin v tr tt hn
v v th h tr tt hn cc dch v da trn v tr.
Mt mng UMTS bao gm ba phn: thit b di ng (UE: User
Equipment), mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS (UTRAN: UMTS
Terrestrial Radio Network), mng li (CN: Core Network) (xem hnh 1.8). UE
bao gm ba thit b: thit b u cui (TE), thit b di ng (ME) v module
nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM: UMTS Subscriber Identity Module).
UTRAN gm cc h thng mng v tuyn (RNS: Radio Network System) v
mi RNS bao gm RNC (Radio Network Controller: b iu khin mng v
tuyn) v cc nt B ni vi n. Mng li CN bao gm min chuyn mch knh,
chuyn mch gi v HE (Home Environment: Mi trng nh). HE bao gm
cc c s d liu: AuC (Authentication Center: Trung tm nhn thc), HLR
(Home Location Register: B ghi nh v thng tr) v EIR (Equipment
Identity Register: B ghi nhn dng thit b).
Hnh 1.8. Kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS R3

1.6.1. Thit b ngi s dng (UE)
14
UE (User Equipment: thit b ngi s dng) l u cui mng UMTS

ca ngi s dng. C th ni y l phn h thng c nhiu thit b nht v s
pht trin ca n s nh hng ln ln cc ng dng v cc dch v kh dng.
Gi thnh gim nhanh chng s to iu kin cho ngi s dng mua thit b
ca UMTS. iu ny t c nh tiu chun ha giao din v tuyn v ci t
mi tr tu ti cc card thng minh.
1.6.1.1. Cc u cui (TE)
V my u cui by gi khng ch n thun dnh cho in thoi m cn
cung cp cc dch v s liu mi, nn tn ca n c chuyn thnh u cui.
Cc nh sn xut chnh a ra rt nhiu u cui da trn cc khi nim mi,
nhng trong thc t ch mt s t l c a vo sn xut. Mc d cc u cui
d kin khc nhau v kch thc v thit k, tt c chng u c mn hnh ln
v t phm hn so vi 2G. L do chnh l tng cng s dng u cui cho
nhiu dch v s liu hn v v th u cui tr thnh t hp ca my thoi di
ng, modem v my tnh bn tay.
u cui h tr hai giao din. Giao din Uu nh ngha lin kt v tuyn
(giao din WCDMA). N m nhim ton b kt ni vt l vi mng UMTS.
Giao din th hai l giao din Cu gia UMTS IC card (UICC) v u cui. Giao
din ny tun theo tiu chun cho cc card thng minh.
Mc d cc nh sn xut u cui c rt nhiu tng v thit b, h phi
tun theo mt tp ti thiu cc nh ngha tiu chun cc ngi s dng bng
cc u cui khc nhau c th truy nhp n mt s cc chc nng c s theo
cng mt cch.
Cc tiu chun ny gm:
Bn phm (cc phm vt l hay cc phm o trn mn hnh)
ng k mt khu mi
Thay i m PIN
Gii chn PIN/PIN2 (PUK)
Trnh by IMEI
iu khin cuc gi
Cc phn cn li ca giao din s dnh ring cho nh thit k v ngi s
dng s chn cho mnh u cui da trn hai tiu chun (nu xu th 2G cn ko
di) l thit k v giao din. Giao din l kt hp ca kch c v thng tin do
mn hnh cung cp (mn hnh nt chm), cc phm v menu.
1.6.1.2. UICC
15
UMTS IC card l mt card thng minh. iu m ta quan tm n n l

dung lng nh v tc b x l do n cung cp. ng dng USIM chy trn
UICC.
1.6.1.3. USIM
Trong h thng GSM, SIM card lu gi thng tin c nhn (ng k thu
bao) ci cng trn card. iu ny thay i trong UMTS, Modul nhn dng
thu bao UMTS c ci nh mt ng dng trn UICC. iu ny cho php lu
nhiu ng dng hn v nhiu ch k (kha) in t hn cng vi USIM cho cc
mc ch khc (cc m truy nhp giao dch ngn hng an ninh). Ngoi ra c th
c nhiu USIM trn cng mt UICC h tr truy nhp n nhiu mng.
USIM cha cc hm v s liu cn nhn dng v nhn thc thu bao
trong mng UMTS. N c th lu c bn sao h s ca thu bao.
Ngi s dng phi t mnh nhn thc i vi USIM bng cch nhp m
PIN. iu ny m bo rng ch ngi s dng ch thc mi c truy nhp
mng UMTS. Mng s ch cung cp cc dch v cho ngi no s dng u cui
da trn nhn dng USIM c ng k.
1.6.2. Mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS
UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network: Mng truy nhp v
tuyn mt t UMTS) l lin kt gia ngi s dng v CN. N gm cc phn
t m bo cc cuc truyn thng UMTS trn v tuyn v iu khin chng.
UTRAN c nh ngha gia hai giao din. Giao din Iu gia UTRAN
v CN, gm hai phn: IuPS cho min chuyn mch gi v IuCS cho min
chuyn mch knh; giao din Uu gia UTRAN v thit b ngi s dng. Gia
hai giao din ny l hai nt, RNC v nt B.
1.6.2.1. RNC
RNC (Radio Network Controller) chu trch nhim cho mt hay nhiu
trm gc v iu khin cc ti nguyn ca chng. y cng chnh l im truy
nhp dch v m UTRAN cung cp cho CN. N c ni n CN bng hai kt
ni, mt cho min chuyn mch gi (n GPRS) v mt n min chuyn mch
knh (MSC).
Mt nhim v quan trng na ca RNC l bo v s b mt v ton vn.
Sau th tc nhn thc v tha thun kha, cc kho bo mt v ton vn c
t vo RNC. Sau cc kha ny c s dng bi cc hm an ninh f8 v f9.
RNC c nhiu chc nng logic ty thuc vo vic n phc v nt no.
Ngi s dng c kt ni vo mt RNC phc v (SRNC: Serving RNC). Khi
ngi s dng chuyn vng n mt RNC khc nhng vn kt ni vi RNC c,
16
mt RNC tri (DRNC: Drift RNC) s cung cp ti nguyn v tuyn cho ngi
s dng, nhng RNC phc v vn qun l kt ni ca ngi s dng n CN.
Vai tr logic ca SRNC v DRNC c m t trn hnh 1.9. Khi UE trong
chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, tn ti nhiu kt ni qua Iub v c t nht mt
kt ni qua Iur. Ch mt trong s cc RNC ny (SRNC) l m bo giao din Iu
kt ni vi mng li cn cc RNC khc (DRNC) ch lm nhim v nh tuyn
thng tin gia cc Iub v Iur.
Chc nng cui cng ca RNC l RNC iu khin (CRNC: Control
RNC). Mi nt B c mt RNC iu khin chu trch nhim cho cc ti nguyn
v tuyn ca n.
Hnh 1.9. Vai tr logic ca SRNC v DRNC

1.6.2.2. Nt B
Trong UMTS trm gc c gi l nt B v nhim v ca n l thc hin
kt ni v tuyn vt l gia u cui vi n. N nhn tn hiu trn giao din Iub
t RNC v chuyn n vo tn hiu v tuyn trn giao din Uu. N cng thc
hin mt s thao tc qun l ti nguyn v tuyn c s nh "iu khin cng
sut vng trong". Tnh nng ny phng nga vn gn xa; ngha l nu tt
c cc u cui u pht cng mt cng sut, th cc u cui gn nt B nht s
che lp tn hiu t cc u cui xa. Nt B kim tra cng sut thu t cc u
cui khc nhau v thng bo cho chng gim cng sut hoc tng cng sut sao
cho nt B lun thu c cng sut nh nhau t tt c cc u cui.
1.6.3. Mng li
Mng li (CN) c chia thnh ba phn, min PS, min CS v HE. Min
PS m bo cc dch v s liu cho ngi s dng bng cc kt ni n Internet
v cc mng s liu khc v min CS m bo cc dch v in thoi n cc
mng khc bng cc kt ni TDM. Cc nt B trong CN c kt ni vi nhau
bng ng trc ca nh khai thc, thng s dng cc cng ngh mng tc
cao nh ATM v IP. Mng ng trc trong min CS s dng TDM cn trong
min PS s dng IP.
17
1.6.3.1. SGSN
SGSN (SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node: nt h tr GPRS phc v)
l nt chnh ca min chuyn mch gi. N ni n UTRAN thng qua giao
din IuPS v n GGSN thng quan giao din Gn. SGSN chu trch nhim cho
tt c kt ni PS ca tt c cc thu bao. N lu hai kiu d liu thu bao: thng
tin ng k thu bao v thng tin v tr thu bao.
S liu thu bao lu trong SGSN gm:
IMSI (International Mobile Subsscriber Identity: s nhn dng thu bao di
ng quc t)
Cc nhn dng tm thi gi (P-TMSI: Packet- Temporary Mobile Subscriber
Identity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng tm thi gi)
Cc a ch PDP (Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc s liu gi)
S liu v tr lu trn SGSN:
Vng nh tuyn thu bao (RA: Routing Area)
S VLR
Cc a ch GGSN ca tng GGSN c kt ni tch cc
1.6.3.2. GGSN
GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node: Nt h tr GPRS cng) l mt
SGSN kt ni vi cc mng s liu khc. Tt c cc cuc truyn thng s liu t
thu bao n cc mng ngoi u qua GGSN. Cng nh SGSN, n lu c hai
kiu s liu: thng tin thu bao v thng tin v tr.
S liu thu bao lu trong GGSN:
IMSI
Cc a ch PDP
S liu v tr lu trong GGSN:
a ch SGSN hin thu bao ang ni n
GGSN ni n Internet thng qua giao din Gi v n BG thng qua Gp.
1.6.3.3. BG
18
BG (Border Gatway: Cng bin gii) l mt cng gia min PS ca

PLMN vi cc mng khc. Chc nng ca nt ny ging nh tng la ca
Internet: m bo mng an ninh chng li cc tn cng bn ngoi.
1.6.3.4. VLR
VLR (Visitor Location Register: b ghi nh v tm tr) l bn sao ca
HLR cho mng phc v (SN: Serving Network). D liu thu bao cn thit
cung cp cc dch v thu bao c copy t HLR v lu y. C MSC v
SGSN u c VLR ni vi chng.
S liu sau y c lu trong VLR:
IMSI
MSISDN
TMSI (nu c)
LA hin thi ca thu bao
MSC/SGSN hin thi m thu bao ni n
Ngoi ra VLR c th lu gi thng tin v cc dch v m thu bao c cung
cp.
C SGSN v MSC u c thc hin trn cng mt nt vt l vi VLR v
th c gi l VLR/SGSN v VLR/MSC.
1.6.3.5. MSC
MSC thc hin cc kt ni CS gia u cui v mng. N thc hin cc
chc nng bo hiu v chuyn mch cho cc thu bao trong vng qun l ca
mnh. Chc nng ca MSC trong UMTS ging chc nng MSC trong GSM,
nhng n c nhiu kh nng hn. Cc kt ni CS c thc hin trn giao din
CS gia UTRAN v MSC. Cc MSC c ni n cc mng ngoi qua GMSC.
1.6.3.6. GMSC
GMSC c th l mt trong s cc MSC. GMSC chu trch nhim thc
hin cc chc nng nh tuyn n vng c MS. Khi mng ngoi tm cch kt
ni n PLMN ca mt nh khai thc, GMSC nhn yu cu thit lp kt ni v
hi HLR v MSC hin thi qun l MS.
1.6.3.7. Mi trng nh
19
Mi trng nh (HE: Home Environment) lu cc h s thu bao ca

hng khai thc. N cng cung cp cho cc mng phc v (SN: Serving Network)
cc thng tin v thu bao v v cc cn thit nhn thc ngi s dng v
tnh cc cho cc dch v cung cp. Tt c cc dch v c cung cp v cc
dch v b cm u c lit k y.
B ghi nh v thng tr (HLR)

HLR l mt c s d liu c nhim v qun l cc thu bao di ng. Mt
mng di ng c th cha nhiu HLR ty thuc vo s lng thu bao, dung
lng ca tng HLR v t chc bn trong mng.
C s d liu ny cha IMSI (International Mobile Subsscriber Identity:
s nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t), t nht mt MSISDN (Mobile Station
ISDN: s thu bao c trong danh b in thoi) v t nht mt a ch PDP
(Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc s liu gi). C IMSI v MSISDN c th s
dng lm kho truy nhp n cc thng tin c lu khc. nh tuyn v
tnh cc cc cuc gi, HLR cn lu gi thng tin v SGSN v VLR no hin
ang chu trch nhim thu bao. Cc dch v khc nh chuyn hng cuc gi,
tc s liu v th thoi cng c trong danh sch cng vi cc hn ch dch v
nh cc hn ch chuyn mng.
HLR v AuC l hai nt mng logic, nhng thng c thc hin trong
cng mt nt vt l. HLR lu gi mi thng tin v ngi s dng v ng k
thu bao. Nh: thng tin tnh cc, cc dch v no c cung cp v cc dch
v no b t chi v thng tin chuyn hng cuc gi. Nhng thng tin quan
trng nht l hin VLR v SGSN no ang ph trch ngi s dng.
Trung tm nhn thc (AuC)
AUC (Authentication Center) lu gi ton b s liu cn thit nhn
thc, mt m ha v bo v s ton vn thng tin cho ngi s dng. N lin kt
vi HLR v c thc hin cng vi HLR trong cng mt nt vt l. Tuy nhin
cn m bo rng AuC ch cung cp thng tin v cc vect nhn thc (AV:
Authetication Vector) cho HLR.
AuC lu gi kha b mt chia s K cho tng thu bao cng vi tt c cc
hm to kha t f0 n f5. N to ra cc AV, c trong thi gian thc khi
SGSN/VLR yu cu hay khi ti x l thp, ln cc AV d tr.
B ghi nhn dng thit b (EIR)
EIR (Equipment Identity Register) chu trch nhim lu cc s nhn dng
thit b di ng quc t (IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity). y l
20
s nhn dng duy nht cho thit b u cui. C s d liu ny c chia thnh
ba danh mc: danh mc trng, xm v en. Danh mc trng cha cc s IMEI
c php truy nhp mng. Danh mc xm cha IMEI ca cc u cui ang b
theo di cn danh mc en cha cc s IMEI ca cc u cui b cm truy nhp
mng. Khi mt u cui c thng bo l b mt cp, IMEI ca n s b t
vo danh mc en v th n b cm truy nhp mng. Danh mc ny cng c th
c s dng cm cc seri my c bit khng c truy nhp mng khi
chng khng hot ng theo tiu chun.
1.6.4. Cc mng ngoi
Cc mng ngoi khng phi l b phn ca h thng UMTS, nhng chng
cn thit m bo truyn thng gia cc nh khai thc. Cc mng ngoi c
th l cc mng in thoi nh: PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network: mng di
ng mt t cng cng), PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network: Mng
in thoi chuyn mch cng cng), ISDN hay cc mng s liu nh Internet.
Min PS kt ni n cc mng s liu cn min CS ni n cc mng in thoi.
1.6.5. Cc giao din
Vai tr cc cc nt khc nhau ca mng ch c nh ngha thng qua
cc giao din khc nhau. Cc giao din ny c nh ngha cht ch cc nh
sn xut c th kt ni cc phn cng khc nhau ca h.
Giao din Cu. Giao din Cu l giao din chun cho cc card thng minh.
Trong UE y l ni kt ni gia USIM v UE
Giao din Uu. Giao din Uu l giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA trong
UMTS. y l giao din m qua UE truy nhp vo phn c nh ca
mng. Giao din ny nm gia nt B v u cui.
Giao din Iu. Giao din Iu kt ni UTRAN v CN. N gm hai phn,
IuPS cho min chuyn mch gi, IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh. CN
c th kt ni n nhiu UTRAN cho c giao din IuCS v IuPS. Nhng
mt UTRAN ch c th kt ni n mt im truy nhp CN.
Giao din Iur. y l giao din RNC-RNC. Ban u c thit k m
bo chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, nhng trong qu trnh pht trin
nhiu tnh nng mi c b sung. Giao din ny m bo bn tnh nng
ni bt sau:
1. Di ng gia cc RNC
2. Lu thng knh ring
3. Lu thng knh chung
4. Qun l ti nguyn ton cc
Giao din Iub. Giao din Iub ni nt B v RNC. Khc vi GSM y l
giao din m.
21
1.7. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R4

Hnh 1.10 cho thy kin trc c s ca 3G UMTS R4. S khc nhau c bn
gia R3 v R4 l ch khi ny mng li l mng phn b v chuyn mch mm.
Thay cho vic c cc MSC chuyn mch knh truyn thng nh kin trc
trc, kin trc chuyn mch phn b v chuyn mch mm c a vo.
V cn bn, MSC c chia thnh MSC server v cng cc phng tin
(MGW: Media Gateway). MSC cha tt c cc phn mm iu khin cuc gi,
qun l di ng c mt MSC tiu chun. Tuy nhin n khng cha ma trn
chuyn mch. Ma trn chuyn mch nm trong MGW c MSC Server iu
khin v c th t xa MSC Server.
Hnh 1.10. Kin trc mng phn b ca pht hnh 3GPP R4

Bo hiu iu khin cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh c thc hin gia
RNC v MSC Server. ng truyn cho cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh c
thc hin gia RNC v MGW. Thng thng MGW nhn cc cuc gi t RNC
v nh tuyn cc cuc gi ny n ni nhn trn cc ng trc gi. Trong
nhiu trng hp ng trc gi s dng Giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc
(RTP: Real Time Transport Protocol) trn Giao thc Internet (IP). T hnh 1.10
ta thy lu lng s liu gi t RNC i qua SGSN v t SGSN n GGSN trn
mng ng trc IP. C s liu v ting u c th s dng truyn ti IP bn
trong mng li. y l mng truyn ti hon ton IP.
Ti ni m mt cuc gi cn chuyn n mt mng khc, PSTN chng hn,
s c mt cng cc phng tin khc (MGW) c iu khin bi MSC Server
cng (GMSC server). MGW ny s chuyn ting thoi c ng gi thnh
PCM tiu chun a n PSTN. Nh vy chuyn i m ch cn thc hin ti
22
im ny. th d, ta gi thit rng nu ting giao din v tuyn c truyn

ti tc 12,2 kbps, th tc ny ch phi chuyn vo 64 kbps MGW giao
tip vi PSTN. Truyn ti kiu ny cho php tit kim ng k rng bng tn
nht l khi cc MGW cch xa nhau.
Giao thc iu khin gia MSC Server hoc GMSC Server vi MGW l
giao thc ITU H.248. Giao thc ny c ITU v IETF cng tc pht trin. N
c tn l iu khin cng cc phng tin (MEGACO: Media Gateway Control).
Giao thc iu khin cuc gi gia MSC Server v GMSC Server c th l mt
giao thc iu khin cuc gi bt k. 3GPP ngh s dng (khng bt buc)
giao thc iu khin cuc gi c lp vt mang (BICC: Bearer Independent
Call Control) c xy dng trn c s khuyn ngh Q.1902 ca ITU.
Trong nhiu trng hp MSC Server h tr c cc chc nng ca GMSC
Server. Ngoi ra MGW c kh nng giao din vi c RAN v PSTN. Khi ny
cuc gi n hoc t PSTN c th chuyn ni ht, nh vy c th tit kim ng
k u t.
lm th d ta xt trng hp khi mt RNC c t ti thnh ph A v
c iu khin bi mt MSC t ti thnh ph B. Gi s thu bao thnh ph A
thc hin cuc gi ni ht. Nu khng c cu trc phn b, cuc gi cn chuyn
t thnh ph A n thnh ph B (ni c MSC) u ni vi thu bao PSTN ti
chnh thnh ph A. Vi cu trc phn b, cuc gi c th c iu khin ti
MSC Server thnh ph B nhng ng truyn cc phng tin thc t c th
vn thnh ph A, nh vy gim ng k yu cu truyn dn v gi thnh khai
thc mng.
T hnh 1.10 ta cng thy rng HLR cng c th c gi l Server thu
bao ti nh (HSS: Home Subscriber Server). HSS v HLR c chc nng tng
ng, ngoi tr giao din vi HSS l giao din trn c s truyn ti gi (IP
chng hn) trong khi HLR s dng giao din trn c s bo hiu s 7. Ngoi ra
cn c cc giao din (khng c trn hnh v) gia SGSN vi HLR/HSS v gia
GGSN vi HLR/HSS.
Rt nhiu giao thc c s dng bn trong mng li l cc giao thc trn
c s gi s dng hoc IP hoc ATM. Tuy nhin mng phi giao din vi cc
mng truyn thng qua vic s dng cc cng cc phng tin. Ngoi ra mng
cng phi giao din vi cc mng SS7 tiu chun. Giao din ny c thc hin
thng qua cng SS7 (SS7 GW). y l cng m mt pha n h tr truyn ti
bn tin SS7 trn ng truyn ti SS7 tiu chun, pha kia n truyn ti cc
bn tin ng dng SS7 trn mng gi (IP chng hn). Cc thc th nh MSC
Server, GMSC Server v HSS lin lc vi cng SS7 bng cch s dng cc giao
thc truyn ti c thit k c bit mang cc bn tin SS7 mng IP. B
giao thc ny c gi l Sigtran.
1.8. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R5 v R6
23
Bc pht trin tip theo ca UMTS l a ra kin trc mng a phng

tin IP (hnh 1.11). Bc pht trin ny th hin s thay i ton b m hnh
cuc gi. y c ting v s liu c x l ging nhau trn ton b ng
truyn t u cui ca ngi s dng n ni nhn cui cng. C th coi kin
trc ny l s hi t ton din ca ting v s liu.
Hnh 1.11. Kin trc mng 3GPP R5 v R6

im mi ca R5 v R6 l n a ra mt min mi c gi l phn h a
phng tin IP (IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem). y l mt min mng IP
c thit k h tr cc dch v a phng tin thi gian thc IP. T hnh
1.11 ta thy ting v s liu khng cn cc giao din cch bit; ch c mt giao
din Iu duy nht mang tt c phng tin. Trong mng li giao din ny kt cui
ti SGSN v khng c MGW ring.
Phn h a phng tin IP (IMS) cha cc phn t sau: Chc nng iu
khin trng thi kt ni (CSCF: Connection State Control Function), Chc nng
ti nguyn a phng tin (MRF: Multimedia Resource Function), chc nng
iu khin cng cc phng tin (MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function),
Cng bo hiu truyn ti (T-SGW: Transport Signalling Gateway) v Cng bo
hiu chuyn mng (R-SGW: Roaming Signalling Gateway).
Mt nt quan trng ca kin trc ton IP l thit b ca ngi s dng c
tng cng rt nhiu. Nhiu phn mm c ci t UE. Trong thc t, UE h
tr giao thc khi u phin (SIP: Session Initiation Protocol). UE tr thnh
mt tc nhn ca ngi s dng SIP. Nh vy, UE c kh nng iu khin cc
dch v ln hn trc rt nhiu.
24
CSCF qun l vic thit lp , duy tr v gii phng cc phin a phng

tin n v t ngi s dng. N bao gm cc chc nng nh: phin dch v
nh tuyn. CSCF hot ng nh mt i din Server /h tch vin.
SGSN v GGSN l cc phin bn tng cng ca cc nt c s dng
GPRS v UMTS R3 v R4. im khc nhau duy nht l ch cc nt ny
khng ch h tr dch v s liu gi m c dch v chuyn mch knh (ting
chng hn). V th cn h tr cc kh nng cht lng dch v (QoS) hoc bn
trong SGSN v GGSN hoc t nht cc Router kt ni trc tip vi chng.
Chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin (MRF) l chc nng lp cu hi nghi
c s dng h tr cc tnh nng nh t chc cuc gi nhiu pha v dch v
hi ngh .
Cng bo hiu truyn ti (T-SGW) l mt cng bo hiu SS7 m bo
tng tc SS7 vi cc mng tiu chun ngoi nh PSTN. T-SGW h tr cc
giao thc Sigtran. Cng bo hiu chuyn mng (R-SGW) l mt nt m bo
tng tc bo hiu vi cc mng di ng hin c s dng SS7 tiu chun. Trong
nhiu trng hp T-SGW v R-SGW cng tn ti trn cng mt nn tng.
MGW thc hin tng tc vi cc mng ngoi mc ng truyn a
phng tin. MGW kin trc mng ca UMTS R5 c chc nng ging nh
R4. MGW c iu khin bi Chc nng cng iu khin cc phng tin
(MGCF). Giao thc iu khin gia cc thc th ny l ITU-T H.248.
MGCF cng lin lc vi CSCF. Giao thc c chn cho giao din ny l
SIP.
Tuy nhin c th nhiu nh khai thc vn s dng n kt hp vi cc
min chuyn mch knh trong R3 v R4. iu ny cho php chuyn i dn dn
t cc phin bn R3 v R4 sang R5. Mt s cc cuc gi thoi c th vn s
dng min CS mt s cc dch v khc chng hn video c th c thc hin
qua R5 IMS. Cu hnh lai ghp c th hin trn hnh 1.12.
Hnh 1.12. Chuyn i dn t R4 sang R5

25
1.9. CHIN LC DCH CHUYN T GSM SANG UMTS

Trong phn ny ta s xt chin lc dch chuyn t GSM sang UMTS ca
hng Alcatel. Alcatel d kin pht trin RAN t GSM ln 3G UMTS theo ba
pht hnh: 3GR1, 3GR2 v 3GR3. Vi mi pht hnh, cc sn phm mi v cc
tnh nng mi c a ra.
1.9.1. 3GR1 : Kin trc mng UMTS chng ln
Pht hnh 3GP1 da trn pht hnh ca 3GPP vo thng 3 v cc c t
k thut vo thng 6 nm 2000. Pht hnh u ca 3GR1 ch h tr UTRA-FDD
v s c trin khai chng ln ln GSM. Chin lc dch chuyn t GSM sang
UMTS pht hnh 3GR1 c chia thnh ba giai on c k hiu l R1.1,
R1.2 v R1.3 (R: Release: pht hnh). Trong cc pht hnh ny cc phn cng
v cc tnh nng mi c a ra. Cc nt B c gi l MBS (Multistandard
Base Station: trm gc a tiu chun). Tuy nhin MBS V1 ch n thun l nt
B, ch MBS V2 mi thc s a tiu chun v cha cc chc nng ca c nt B
v BTS trong cng mt hp my. Tng t RNC V2 v OMC-R V2 c a ra
phc v cho c UMTS v GSM.
Hnh 1.13 cho thy kin trc ng tn ti GSM v UMTS c pht trin
trong giai on trin khai UMTS ban u (3GR1.1).
26
Hnh 1.13. Kin trc ng tn ti GSM v UMTS (pht hnh 3GR1.1)

1.9.2. 3GR2 : Tch hp cc mng UMTS v GSM
Trong giai on trin khai UMTS th hai s tch hp u tin gia hai
mng s c thc hin bng cch a ra cc thit b a tiu chun nh: Nt B
kt hp BTS (MBS V2) v RNC kt hp BSC (RNC V2). Cc chc nng khai
thc v bo dng mng v tuyn cng c th c thc hin chung bi cng
mt OMC-R (V2). Hnh 1.14 m t kin trc mng RAN tch hp ca giai on
hai.
27
Hnh 1.14. Kin trc mng RAN tch hp pht hnh 3GR2 (R2.1).
1.9.3. 3GR3 : Kin trc RAN thng nht
Trong kin trc RAN ca pht hnh ny c xy dng trn c s pht
hnh R5 vo thng 9 nm 2000 ca 3GPP. Trong pht hnh ny RAN chung cho
c h thng UMTS v GSM. C UTRA-FDD v UTRA-TDD u c h tr.
Giao thc truyn ti c thng nht cho GSM, E-GPRS v UMTS, ngoi ra c
th ATM kt hp IP. GERAN (GSM/EDGE RAN) cng s c h tr bi pht
hnh ny ca mng. Kin trc RAN ca 3GR1.3 c th hin trn hnh 1.15.
Hnh 1.15. Kin trc RAN thng nht ca 3GR3.1

28
1.10. CU HNH A L CA H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G

Do tnh cht di ng ca thu bao di ng nn mng di ng phi c t chc
theo mt cu trc a l nht nh mng c th theo di c v tr ca thu
bao.
1.10.1. Phn chia theo vng mng
Trong mt quc gia c th c nhiu vng mng vin thng, vic gi vo
mt vng mng no phi c thc hin thng qua tng i cng. Cc vng
mng di ng 3G c i din bng tng i cng GMSC hoc GGSN. Tt c
cc cuc gi n mt mng di ng t mt mng khc u c nh tuyn n
GMSC hoc GGSN. Tng i ny lm vic nh mt tng i trung k vo cho
mng 3G. y l ni thc hin chc nng hi nh tuyn cuc gi kt cui
trm di ng. GMSC/GGSN cho php h thng nh tuyn cc cuc gi vo t
mng ngoi n ni nhn cui cng: cc trm di ng b gi.
1.10.2. Phn chia theo vng phc v MSC/VLR v SGSN
Mt mng thng tin di ng c phn chia thnh nhiu vng nh hn,
mi vng nh ny c phc v bi mt MSC/VLR (hnh 1.16a). hay SGSN
(1.16b) Ta gi y l vng phc v ca MSC/VLR hay SGSN.
Hnh 1.16. Phn chia mng thnh cc vng phc v ca MSC/VLR v SGSN
nh tuyn mt cuc gi n mt thu bao di ng, ng truyn qua
mng s c ni n MSC ang phc v thu bao di ng cn gi. mi vng
phc v MSC/VLR thng tin v thu bao c ghi li tm thi VLR. Thng
tin ny bao gm hai loi:
Thng tin v ng k v cc dch v ca thu bao.
Thng tin v v tr ca thu bao (thu bao ang vng nh v hoc
vng nh tuyn no).
1.10.3. Phn chia theo vng nh v v vng nh tuyn
29
Mi vng phc v MSC/VLR c chia thnh mt s vng nh v: LA

(Location Area) (hnh 1.17a). Mi vng phc v ca SGSN c chia thnh cc
vng nh tuyn (RA: Routing Area) (1.17b).
Hnh 1.17. Phn chia vng phc v ca MSC/VLR v SGSN thnh cc vng
nh v (LA: Location Area) v nh tuyn (RA: Routing Area)
Vng nh v (hay vng nh tuyn l mt phn ca vng phc v
MSC/VLR (hay SGSN) m mt trm di ng c th chuyn ng t do v
khng cn cp nht thng tin v v tr cho MSC/VLR (hay SGSN) qun l v tr
ny. C th ni vng nh v (hay vng nh tuyn) l v tr c th nht ca trm
di ng m mng cn bit nh tuyn cho mt cuc gi n n. vng nh
v ny thng bo tm s c pht qung b tm thu bao di ng b gi. H
thng c th nhn dng vng nh v bng cch s dng nhn dng vng nh v
(LAI: Location Area Identity) hay nhn dng vng nh tuyn (RAI Routing
Area Identity). Vng nh v (hay vng nh tuyn) c th bao gm mt s v
thuc mt hay nhiu RNC, nhng ch thuc mt MSC (hay mt SGSN).
1.10.4. Phn chia theo
Vng nh v hay vng nh tuyn c chia thnh mt s (hnh 1.18).
30
Hnh 1.18. Phn chia LA v RA

l mt vng ph v tuyn c mng nhn dng bng nhn dng ton cu
(CGI: Cell Global Identity). Trm di ng nhn dng bng m nhn dng trm
gc (BSIC: Base Station Identity Code). Vng ph ca cc thng c m
phng bng hnh lc gic tin cho vic tnh ton thit k.
1.10.5. Mu
Mu c hai kiu: v hng ngang (omnidirectional) v phn on
(sectorized). Cc mu ny c cho trn hnh 1.19.
Hnh 1.19. Cc kiu mu

v hng ngang (hnh 1.19a) nhn c t pht x ca mt anten c
bp sng trn trong mt ngang (mt phng song song vi mt t) v bp sng
c hng chc xung mt t trong mt ng (mt phng vung gc vi mt
t). phn on (hnh 1.19b) l nhn c t pht x ca ba anten vi
hng pht x cc i lch nhau 1200. Cc anten ny c bp sng dng na s 8
trong mt ngang v trong mt ng bp sng ca chng chc xung mt t.
Trong mt s trng hp phn on c th c to ra t pht x ca nhiu
hn ba anten. Trong thc t mu c th rt a dng ty vo a hnh cn ph
sng. Tuy nhin cc mu nh trn hnh 1.19 thng c s dng thit k
cho s ph sng chun.
31
1.10.6. Tng kt phn chia vng a l trong cc h thng thng tin di ng 3G

Trong cc kin trc mng bao gm c min chuyn mch knh v min
chuyn mch gi, vng phc mng khng ch c phn chia thnh cc vng
nh v (LA) m cn c phn chia thnh cc vng nh tuyn (RA: Routing
Area). Cc vng nh v (LA: Location Area) l khi nim qun l di ng ca
min CS k tha t mng GSM. Cc vng nh tuyn (RA: Routing Area) l cc
thc th ca min PS. Mng li PS s dng RA tm gi. Nhn dng thu bao
P-TMSI (Packet- Temporary Mobile Subsscriber Identity: nhn dng thu bao di
ng gi tm thi) l duy nht trong mt RA.
Trong mng truy nhp v tuyn, RA li c chia tip thnh cc vng
ng k UTRAN (URA: UTRAN Registration Area). Tm gi khi xng
UTRAN s dng URA khi knh bo hiu u cui c thit lp. URA
khng th nhn thy c bn ngoi UTRAN.
Quan h gia cc vng c phn cp nh cho hnh 1.20 ( khng c
th hin). LA thuc 3G MSC v RA thuc 3G SGSN. URA thuc RNC. Theo
di v tr theo URA v trong UTRAN c thc hin khi c kt ni RRC
(Radio Resource Control: iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn) cho knh bo hiu
u cui. Nu khng c kt ni RRC, 3G SGSN thc hin tm gi v cp nht
thng tin v tr c thc hin theo RA.
Hnh 1.20. Cc khi nim phn chia vng a l trong 3G WCDMA UMTS.
1.11. TNG KT
Chng ny trc ht xt tng quan qu trnh pht trin thng tin di ng
ln 4G. Nu cng ngh a truy nhp cho 3G l CDMA th cng ngh a truy
nhp cho 4G l OFDMA. Sau kin trc mng 3G c xt. Mng li 3G bao
gm hai vng chuyn mch: (1) vng chuyn mch cc dch v CS v (2) vng
chuyn mch cc dch v PS. Cc pht hnh nh du cc mc quan trng pht
32
trin mng 3G WCDMA UMTS c xt: R3, R4, R5 v R6. R3 bao gm hai
min chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi trong kt ni gia cc nt
chuyn mch gi l TDM (ghp knh theo thi gian). R4 l s pht trin ca R3
trong min chuyn mch knh chuyn thnh chuyn mch mm v kt ni
gia cc nt mng bng IP. R5 v R6 h tr cc dch v a phng tin IP hon
ton da trn chuyn mch gi. p ng c nhim v ny ngoi min
chuyn mch gi, mng c b sung thm phn h a phng tin IP (IMS).
Ct li ca IMS l CSCF thc hin khi u kt ni a phng tin IP da trn
giao thc khi u phin (SIP Session Initiation Protocol). Ngoi ra IMS vn
cn cha chuyn mch mm h tr dch v chuyn mch knh (MGCF).
Hin nay mng 3GWCDMA UMTS ang giai don chuyn dn t R4 sang R5
(hnh 1.12). Cui chng trnh by cu trc a l ca mt mng thng tin di
ng 3G c cha c vng chuyn mch knh v vng chuyn mch gi.
Chng 2
CNG NGH A TRUY NHP CA WCDMA
2.1. GII THIU CHUNG
2.1.1. Mc ch chng
Hiu tng quan tri ph v phng php a truy nhp ca WCDMA
Hiu iu khin cng sut, chuyn giao mm v my thu phn tp a
ng (RAKE)
Hiu cc dng m tri ph v cc s iu ch ca WCDMA
Nguyn l tri ph v a truy nhp phn chia theo m

iu khin cng sut
Chuyn giao
My thu phn tp a ng (my thu RAKE)
Cc dng m tri ph v cc s iu cht c s dng cho WCDMA
2.1.3. Hng dn
33
Tham kho thm cc ti liu tham kho cui ti liu ging dy ca kha
hc
2.2. TRI PH V A TRUY NHP PHN CHIA THEO M
2.2.1. Cc h thng thng tin tri ph
Trong cc h thng thng tin thng thng rng bng tn l vn
quan tm chnh v cc h thng ny c thit k s dng cng t rng
bng tn cng tt. Trong cc h thng iu ch bin song bin, rng bng
tn cn thit pht mt ngun tn hiu tng t gp hai ln rng bng tn
ca ngun ny. Trong cc h thng iu tn rng bng tn ny c th bng
vi ln rng bng tn ngun ph thuc vo ch s iu ch. i vi mt tn
hiu s, rng bng tn cn thit c cng gi tr vi tc bit ca ngun.
rng bng tn chnh xc cn thit trong trng hp ny ph thuc v kiu iu
ch (BPSK, QPSK v.v...).
Trong cc h thng thng tin tri ph (vit tt l SS: Spread Spectrum)
rng bng tn ca tn hiu c m rng, thng thng hng trm ln trc khi
c pht. Khi ch c mt ngi s dng trong bng tn SS, s dng bng tn
nh vy khng c hiu qu. Tuy nhin mi trng nhiu ngi s dng, cc
ngi s dng ny c th dng chung mt bng tn SS (tri ph) v h thng tr
nn s dng bng tn c hiu sut m vn duy tr c cc u im ca tri ph.
Mt h thng thng tin s c coi l SS nu:
* Tn hiu c pht chim rng bng tn ln hn rng bng tn ti thiu
cn thit pht thng tin.
* Tri ph c thc hin bng mt m c lp vi s liu.
C ba kiu h thng SS c bn: chui trc tip (DSSS: Direct-Sequence
Spreading Spectrum), nhy tn (FHSS: Frequency-Hopping Spreading
Spectrum) v nhy thi gian (THSS: Time-Hopping Spreading Spectrum). Cng
c th nhn c cc h thng lai ghp t cc h thng ni trn. WCDMA s
dng DSSS. DSSS t c tri ph bng cch nhn lung s cn truyn vi
mt m tri ph c tc chip (Rc=1/Tc, Tc l thi gian mt chip) cao hn nhiu
tc bit (Rb=1/Tb, Tb l thi gian mt bit) ca lung s cn pht. Hnh 2.1
minh ha qu trnh tri ph trong Tb=15Tc hay Rc=15Rb. Hnh 2.1a cho thy
s n gin ca b tri ph DSSS trong lung s cn truyn x c tc Rb
c nhn vi mt m tri ph c tc Rc c lung u ra y c tc Rc
ln hn nhiu so vi tc Rb ca lung vo. Cc hnh 2.1b v 2.1b biu th qu
trnh tri ph trong min thi gian v min tn s.
Ti pha thu lung y c thc hin gii tri ph khi phc li lung x
bng cch nhn lung ny vi m tri ph c ging nh pha pht: x=y c
34
x, y v c k hiu tng qut cho tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph; x(t), y(t) v c(t)
k hiu cho cc tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph trong min thi gian; X(f), Y(f)
v C(f) k hiu cho cc tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph trong min tn s; T b l
thi gian mt bit ca lung s cn pht, Rb=1/Tb l tc bit ca lung s cn
truyn; Tc l thi gian mt chip ca m tri ph, R c=1/Tc l tc chip ca m
tri ph. Rc=15Rb v Tb=15Tc.
Hnh 2.1. Tri ph chui trc tip (DSSS)
2.2.2. p dng DSSS cho CDMA

Trong cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m da trn CDMA, mt
tp m trc giao c s dng v mi ngi s dng c gn mt m tri ph
ring. Cc m tri ph ny phi m bo iu kin trc giao sau y:
1. Tch hai m ging nhau bng 1: ci ci=1
2. Tch hai m khc nhau s l mt m mi trong tp m: ci cj=ck
1
3. C s bit 1 bng s bit -1 trong mt m N Ck = 0 , trong N l s

k=1
chip v Ck l gi tr chip k trong mt m

Bng 2.1. cho thy th d s dng b m gm tm m trc giao: c0, c1, ,
c7. Bng 2.2 v 2.3 cho thy th d khi nhn hai m ging nhau trong bng 1
c 1 v nhn hai m khc nhau trong bng 2.1 ta c mt m mi..
35
c0
c1
c2
c3
c4
c5
c6
c7
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
c1
Bng 2.2. Th d nhn hai m ging nhau trong bng 1 c mt

+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
c1
c1 c1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Bng 2.1. Th d b tm m trc giao

+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
-1
+1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
-1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
Bng 2.3. Th d nhn hai m khc nhau trong bng 1 c mt m mi trong

tp 8 m
c1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
c3
= c2
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
+1
-1
+1
+1
-1
+1
-1
Nu ta xt mt h thng gm K ngi s dng c xy dng trn c s

CDMA, th sau tri ph cc ngi s dng ny s pht vo khng gian tp cc
tn hiu y nh sau:
K
i =1
i =1
y = yi = ci xi
(2.1)
Ta xt qu trnh x l tn hiu ny ti mt my thu k. Nhim v ca my thu ny

l phi ly ra xk v loi b cc tn hiu khc (cc tn hiu ny c gi l nhiu
ng knh v trong h thng CDMA chng c pht trn cng mt tn s vi
xk). Nhn (2.1) vi xk v p dng quy tc trc giao ni trn ta c:
K
x%
k = xk + ci xi
i =1
i k
(2.2)
Thnh phn th nht trong (2.2) chnh l tn hiu hu ch cn thnh phn th hai
l nhiu ca cc ngi s dng cn l nhiu ca cc ngi s dng khc c
36
gi l MAI (Multiple Access Interferrence: nhiu a ngi s dng). loi b

thnh phn th hai my thu s dng b lc tng quan trng min thi gian kt
hp vi b lc tn s trong min tn s. Hnh 2.2 xt qu trnh gii tri ph v
lc ra tn hiu hu ch ti my thu k trong mt h thng CDMA c K ngi s
dng vi gi thit cng sut pht t K my pht nh nhau ti u vo my thu k.
Hnh 2.2a cho thy s gii tri ph DSSS. Hnh 2.2b cho thy ph ca tn
hiu tng c pht i t K my pht sau tri ph, hnh 2.2c cho thy ph ca
tn hiu ny sau gii tri ph ti my thu k v hnh 2.2d cho thy ph ca tn
hiu sau b lc thng thp vi bng thng bng Rb.
Hnh 2.2. Qu trnh gii tri ph v lc tn hiu ca ngi s dng k t K tn

hiu.
T hnh 2.2 ta thy t s tn hiu trn nhiu (SIR: Signal to Interference
Ratio) l t s gia din tch hnh ch nht c t m trn hnh 2.2.b v tng
din tch cc hnh ch nht trng trn hnh 2.2.c: SIR=S1/S2. T s ny t l vi
t s Rc/Rb. v th t s Rc/Rb c gi l li x l (TA: Processing Gain).
2.3. IU KHIN CNG SUT
Trong trng hp mt my pht gy nhiu n gn my thu k (n gn
nt B chng hn), cng sut ca my pht ny tng cao dn n MAI tng cao,
t s tn hiu trn nhiu gim mnh v my thu k khng th tch ra c tn hiu
ca mnh. Hin tng ny c gi l hin tng gn v xa. trnh hin
tng ny h thng phi iu khin cng sut sao cho cng sut thu ti nt B
37
ca tt c cc UE u bng nhau (l tng). iu khin cng sut trong

WCDMA c chia thnh:
iu khin cng sut vng h
iu khin cng sut vng kn
iu khin cng sut vng h c thc hin t ng ti UE khi n thc
hin th tc xin truy nhp Nt B (da trn cng sut m n thu c t knh hoa
tiu pht i t B), khi ny UE cha c kt ni vi nt ny. Cn iu khin cng
sut vng kn c thc hin khi UE kt ni vi nt B. iu khin cng sut
vng h li c chia thnh:
iu khin cng sut vng trong c thc hin ti nt B. iu khin cng
sut vng trong c thc hin nhanh vi 1500 ln trong mt giy da trn
so snh SIR thu vi SIR ch
iu khin cng sut vng ngoi c thc hin ti RNC thit lp SIR
ch cho nt B. iu khin cng sut ny da trn so snh t l li khi
(BLER) thu c vi t l ch.
2.4. CHUYN GIAO TRONG H THNG CDMA
Thng thng chuyn giao (HO: Handover) c hiu l qu trnh trong
knh lu lng ca mt UE c chuyn sang mt knh khc m bo
cht lng truyn dn. Tuy nhin trong CDMA khi nim ny ch thch hp cho
chuyn giao cng cn i vi chuyn giao mm khi nim ny phc tp hn, ta
s xt c th trong phn di y.
C th chia HO thnh cc kiu HO sau:
HO ni h thng xy ra bn trong mt h thng WCDMA. C th chia nh
HO ny thnh
o HO ni h thng gia cc thuc cng mt tn s sng mang
WCDMA
o HO gia cc tn s (IF-HO) gia cc hot ng trn cc tn s
WCDMA khc nhau
HO gia cc h thng (IS-HO) gia cc thuc hai cng ngh truy nhp v
tuyn (RAT) khc nhau hay cc ch truy nhp v tuyn (RAM) khc
nhau. Trng hp thng xuyn xy ra nht i vi kiu th nht l HO
gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM/EDGE. Tuy nhin cng c th l ISHO gia WCDMA v h thng cc h thng CDMA khc (cdma2000 1x
chng hn). Th d v HO gia cc RAM l HO gia cc ch UTRA
FDD v UTRA TDD.
C th c cc th tc HO sau:
38
Chuyn giao cng (HHO) l cc th tc HO trong tt c cc ng

truyn v tuyn c ca mt UE c gii phng trc khi thit lp cc
ng truyn v tuyn mi
Chuyn giao mm (SHO) v chuyn giao mm hn (xem hnh 2.3) l cc th
tc trong UE lun duy tr t nht mt ng v tuyn ni n UTRAN.
Trong chuyn giao mm UE ng thi c ni n mt hay nhiu thuc
cc nt B khc nhau ca cng mt RNC (SHO ni RNC) hay thuc cc
RNC khc nhau (SHO gia cc RNC). Trong chuyn giao mm hn UE
c ni n t nht l hai on ca cng mt nt B. SHO v HO mm
hn ch c th xy ra trn cng mt tn s sng mang v trong cng mt h
thng.
Hnh 2.3. Chuyn giao mm (a) v mm hn (b)

Ph thuc s tham gia trong SHO, cc trong mt h thng WCDMA
c chia thnh cc tp sau y:
Tp tch cc bao gm cc (on ) hin ang tham gia vo mt kt ni
SHO ca UE
Tp ln cn/ tp c gim st (c hai t c s dng nh nhau). Tp ny
bao gm tt c cc c gim st/o lin tc bi UE v hin thi khng c
trong tp tch cc
Tp c pht hin. Tp ny bao gm cc c UE pht hin nhng
khng thuc tp tch cc ln tp ln cn.
SHO l mt tnh nng chung ca h thng WCDMA trong cc ln
cn hat ng trn cng mt tn s. Trong ch kt ni, UE lin tc o cc
phc v v cc ln cn (do RNC ch dn) trn tn s sng mang hin thi. UE
so snh cc kt qu o vi cc ngng HO do RNC cung cp v gi bo co kt
qu o n RNC khi thc hin cc tiu chun bo co. V th SHO l kiu
chuyn giao c nh gi bi u cui di ng (MEHO: Mobile Estimated
39
HO). Tuy nhin gii thut quyt nh SHO c t trong RNC. Da trn cc
bo co kt qu o nhn c t UE (hoc nh k hoc c khi ng bi
mt s cc s kin nht nh), RNC lnh cho UE b sung hay loi b mt s
khi tp tch cc ca mnh (ASU: Active Set Apdate: cp nht tp tch cc).
2.5. MY THU PHN TP A NG HAY MY THU RAKE
Phainh a ng trn knh v tuyn dn n tn thi v chn lc tn s
lm hng tn hiu thu. nh gi hin tng tn thi trn ng truyn v
tuyn, ngi ta pht i mt xung hp (xung kim) v o p ng xung ny ti
pha thu. p ng ny l bc tranh th hin s ph thuc cng sut ca cc
ng truyn khc nhau n my thu vo thi gian tr ca cc ng truyn
ny. p ng ny c gi l l lch tr cng sut. Hnh 2.4a cho thy truyn
sng a ng v hnh 2.4b cho thy th d v l lch tr cng sut.
Hnh 2.4. Truyn sng a ng v l lch tr cng sut

Chui tn hiu gi ngu nhin c pht i CDMA c thuc tnh l cc
phin bn dch thi ca n ti pha thu hu nh khng tng quan. Nh vy mt
tn hiu c truyn t my pht n my thu theo nhiu ng khc nhau (thi
gian tr khc nhau) c th c phn gii vo cc tn hiu phainh khc nhau
bng cch ly tng quan tn hiu thu cha nhiu phin bn dch thi ca chui
gi ngu nhin. My thu s dng nguyn l ny c gi l my thu phn tp a
ng hay my thu RAKE (hnh 2.5).
40
Hnh 2.5. My thu RAKE

Trong my thu RAKE nhn c cc phin bn dch thi ca
chui ngu nhin, tn hiu thu phi i qua ng tr trc khi c ly tng
quan v c kt hp. ng tr bao gm nhiu mt tr c thi gian tr bng
thi gian mt chip Tc. My thu dch nh thi bn sao m tri ph tng chip cho
tng k hiu thng tin gii tri ph k hiu trong vng mt k hiu v to nn
l lch tr cng sut (xem hnh 2.5a). Vi tham kho l lch tr cng sut (bc
tranh th hin cng sut v tr ca cc ng truyn) c to ra, my thu chn
cc ng truyn c cng sut vt ngng kt hp RAKE trn c s s
lng b tng quan, b c tnh knh v b b tr thay i pha (c gi l
cc ngn my thu RAKE). Trong trng hp p dng thu phn tp khng gian
hay phn tp gia cc on , l lch tr cng sut c to ra cho mi nhnh v
cc ng truyn c chn t l lch tr cng sut sut tng hp ca tt c cc
nhnh. Trong thc t, v cc tn hiu tri ph gm nhiu ca cc ngi s dng
khc v cc tn hiu a ng ca knh ngi s dng, nn gi tr ngng c
lp d trn mc cng sut tp m nn v cc ng truyn c SIR hiu dng
(c cng sut thu vt ngng) c chn. V MS chuyn ng (hoc mi
trng truyn sng thay i khi MS c nh), nn v tr ng truyn (thi gian
tr) c kt hp RAKE cng s thng xuyn thay i, my phi nh k cp
nht l lch tr ng truyn v cp nht cc ng truyn c kt hp RAKE
trn c s l lch mi (qu trnh ny c gi l tm kim ng truyn v n
lin quan n tm kim ng truyn kt hp RAKE).
2.6. CC M TRI PH S DNG TRONG WCDMA
41
Khi nim tri ph c p dng cho cc knh vt l, khi nim ny bao

gm hai thao tc. u tin l thao tc nh knh, trong mi k hiu s liu
dc chuyn thnh mt s chip nh vy tng rng ph tn hiu. S chip trn
mt k hiu (hay t s gia tc chip v tc k hiu) c gi l h s tri
ph (SF: Spectrum Factor), hay ni mt cch khc SF=Rs/Rc trong Rs l tc
k hiu cn Rc l tc chip. H s tri ph l mt gi tr kh bin, ngoi tr
i vi knh chia s ng xung vt l tc cao (HS-PDSCH ) trong HSDPA
c SF=16. Thao tc th hai l thao tc ngu nhin ha tng tnh trc giao
trong mt m ngu nhin ha c trn vi tn hiu tri ph. M ngu
nhin ho c xy dng trn c s m Gold.
Trong qu trnh nh knh, cc k hiu s liu c nhn vi mt m
OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spread Factor: m trc giao h s kh bin) ng
b v thi gian vi bin ca k hiu. Trong 3GPP, OVSF (hnh 2.6) c s
dng cho cc tc k hiu khc nhau v c k hiu l C ch,SF,k trong SF l
h s tri ph ca m v k l s th t m (0 k SF-1). Cc m nh knh c
cc tnh cht trc giao v c s dng phn bit cc thng tin c pht i
cng t mt ngun: (1) cc kt ni khc nhau trn ng xung trong cng mt
trn ng xung v gim nhiu ni , (2) cc knh s liu vt l ng ln t
mt UE. Trn ng xung cc m OVSF trong m b hn ch v th cn c
qun l bi RNC, tuy nhin iu ny khng xy ra i vi ng ln.
Cn lu khi chn m nh knh chng khng tng quan vi nhau. Chng
hn khi chn m Cch,8,4=+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1, khng c s dng m
Cch,16,8=+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1; v hai m ny hon ton ging
nhau (tch ca chng bng 1) v chng s gy nhiu cho nhau.
Cc m OVSF ch hiu qu khi cc knh c ng b hon ho ti mc
k hiu. Mt tng quan cho do truyn sng a ng c b tr bi thao tc
ngu nhin ha b sung. Vi thao tc ngu nhin ha, phn thc (I) v phn o
(Q) ca tn hiu tri ph c nhn b sung vi m ngu nhin ha phc. M
ngu nhin ha phc c s dng phn bit cc ngun pht: (1) cc khc
nhau i vi ng xung v (2) cc UE khc nhau i vi ng ln. Cc m
ny c cc tnh cht tng quan tt (trung bnh ha nhiu) v lun c s dng
trn vi cc m tri ph nhng khng lm nh hng rng ph tn hiu
v bng thng truyn dn.
42
Hnh 2.6. Cy m nh knh

ng truyn gia nt B v UE trong WCDMA cha nhiu knh. C th
chia cc knh ny thnh hai loi: (1) knh ring truyn lu lng v (2) knh
chung mang cc thng tin iu khin v bo hiu. ng truyn t UE n nt
B c gi l ng ln, cn ng ngc li t nt B n UE c gi l
ng xung. Trc ht ta xt tri ph cho cc knh ng ln.
2.7. TRI PH V IU CH NG LN
2.7.1. Tri ph v iu ch cc knh ring ng ln
Nguyn l tri ph cho DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel: knh
s liu vt l ring, knh truyn lu lng ca ngi s dng) v DPCCH
(Dedicated Physical Control Channel: knh iu khin vt l ring; knh i cng
vi DPDCH mang thng tin iu khin lp vt l) c minh ha trn hnh
2.7.
Mt DPCCH v cc i su DPDCH song song gi tr thc c th c
tri ph v pht ng thi. DPCCH lun c tri ph bng m Cc=Cch,256,0,
trong k=0. Nu ch mt knh DPDCH c pht trn ng ln, th DPDCH1
c tri ph vi m Cd,1=Cch,SF,k, trong k=SF/4 l s m OVSF v k=SF/4.
Ngha l nu h s tri ph SF=128 th k=32. Nu nhiu DPDCH c pht, th
tt c DPDCH u c h s tri ph l 4 (tc bit knh l 960kbps) v
DPDCHn c tri ph bi m Cd,n=Cch,4,k, trong k=1 nu n{1,2}, k=3 nu
n{3,4} v k=2 nu n{5,6}. b tr s khc nhau gia cc h s tri ph
ca s liu, tn hiu tri ph c nh trng s bng cc h s khuych i k
hiu l c cho DPCCH v d cho DPDCH. Cc h s khuych i ny c
tnh ton bi SRNC v c gi n UE trong giai on thit lp ng truyn
v tuyn hay t li cu hnh. Cc h s khuych i nm trong di t 0 n 1 v
t nht mt trong s cc gi tr ca c v d lun lun bng 1. Lung chip ca
cc nhnh I v Q sau c cng phc vi nhau v c ngu nhin ha bi
43
mt m ngu nhin ha phc c k hiu l Sdpch,n trn hnh 2.7. M ngu nhin
ha ny c ng b vi khung v tuyn, ngha l chip th nht tng ng vi
u khung v tuyn.
Hnh 2.7. Tri ph v iu ch DPDCH v DPCCH ng ln

Cc nghin cu cho thy mi s pht khng lin tc trn ng ln c th
gy nhiu m thanh cho thit b m thanh t gn my u cui di ng. Th d
in hnh l trng hp nhiu tn s khung (217 Hz=1/4,615ms) gy ra do cc
u cui GSM. trnh hiu ng ny, knh DPCCH v cc knh DPDCH
khng c ghp theo thi gian m c ghp theo m I/Q (iu ch QPSK hai
knh) vi ngu nhin ho phc. Minh ha trn hnh 2.8 cho thy s iu ch
ny cho php truyn dn lin tc ngay c trong cc chu k im lng khi ch c
thng tin iu khin lp 1 duy tr hot ng ng truyn (DPCCH) l c
pht.
Hnh 2.8. Truyn dn knh iu khin vt l ring ng ln v knh s liu vt

l ring ng ln khi c/ khng c (DTX) s liu ca ngi s dng
Nh minh ha trn hnh 2.9, cc m ngu nhin ha phc c to ra
bng cch quay pha gia cc chip trong mt chu k k hiu trong gii hn 900.
Bng cch ny hiu sut ca b khuch i (lin quan n t s cng sut nh
44
trn cng sut trung bnh) trong UE hu nh khng i khng ph th thuc vo

t s gia DPDCH v DPCCH.
Hnh 2.9. Chm tn hiu i vi ghp m I/Q s dung ngu nhin ha phc,
biu din cho t s cng sut gia DPDCH v DPCCH.
DPCCH v cc DPDCH c th c ngu nhin ha bng cc m ngu
nhin di hoc ngn. C 224 m ngu nhin ha di ng ln v 224 m ngu
nhin ngn ng ln. V c th s dng c hng triu m nn khng cn quy
hoch m ng ln. S m ngu nhin cho DPCH (0,., 16777215), cng vi
SF thp nht c php ca m nh knh (4, 8, 16, 32, 128 v 256) cho phn s
liu c n nh bi cc lp cao hn, chng hn khi thit lp kt ni RRC hoc
khi iu khin chuyn giao.
2.7.2. Tri ph v iu ch knh chung ng ln PRACH
Phn ny s trnh by n nh m cho tin t v phn bn tin ca PRACH
l mt dng knh chung ng ln.
Tri ph v ngu nhin ha phn bn tin PRACH c minh ha trn
hnh
2.10.
Hnh 2.10. Tri ph v iu ch phn bn tin PRACH

45
Phn iu khin ca bn tin PRACH c tri ph bng m nh knh

Cc=Cch,256,m, trong m=16.s+15 v s (0 s 15) l ch k tin t v phn s
liu c tri ph bng m nh knh Cd=Cch,SF,m, trong SF (c gi tr t 32
n 256) l h s tri ph s dng cho phn s liu v m=SF.s/16.
Phn bn tin PRACH lun lun c tri ph bng m ngu nhin ha
di. di ca m ngu nhin ha c s dng cho phn bn tin l 10ms. C
tt c l 8192 m ngu nhin ha.
2.8. TRI PH V IU CH NG XUNG
2.8.1. S tri ph v iu ch ng xung
Khi nim tri ph v ngu nhin ha ng xung c minh ha trn
hnh 2.11. Ngoi tr cc SCH (knh ng b s xt trong chng 3), mi cp hai
bit knh trc ht c bin i t ni tip vo song song tng ng mt k
hiu iu ch, sau c t ln cc nhnh I v Q. Sau cc nhnh I v Q
c tri ph n tc 3,84Mcps bng cng mi m dnh knh Cch,SF,m. Cc
chui chip gi tr thc trn cc nhnh I v Q sau c ngu nhin ha bng
m ngu nhin ha phc nhn dng ngun pht nt B, m ny c k hiu
l Sdl,n trn hnh 2.11. M ngu nhin ha ny c ng b vi m ngu nhin
ha s dng cho P-CCPCH (knh vt l iu khin chung s cp s xt trong
cng 3), trong chp phc u tin ca khung P-CCPCH c nhn vi chip
s 0 ca m ngu nhin ha ny.
Sau tri ph, mi knh vt l ng xung (tr cc SCH) c nh
trng s bng cc h s trng s ring k hiu l Gi nh trn hnh 2.11. P-SCH
v S-SCH gi tr phc c nh trng s ring bng cc h s trng s Gp v
Gs. Tt c cc knh ng xung c kt hp vi nhau bng cng phc. Chui
nhn c sau tri ph v ngu nhin ha c iu ch QPSK.
46
Hnh 2.11. S tri ph v iu ch cho tt c cc knh vt l ng xung

2.8.2. Cc m tri ph ng xung
Trn ng xung, cng cc m nh knh nh trn ng ln (m
OVSF) c s dng. Thng thng mi ch c mt cy m v mi cy m
c t di mt m ngu nhin ha dng chung cho nhiu ngi s dng.
Theo quy inh, cc m nh knh dng cho P-CPICH (knh hoa tiu chung s
cp s xt trong chng 3) v P-CCPCH l Cch,256,0 v Cch,256,1. B qun l ti
nguyn trong RNC n nh cc m nh knh cho tt c cc knh khc vi gii
hn SF=512 trong trng hp s dng chuyn giao phn tp.
M OVSF c th thay i theo tng khung trn knh PDSCH (knh chia
s ng xung vt l s xt trong chng 3). Quy tc thay i nh sau, m (cc
m) OVSF c s dng cho kt ni pha di h s tri ph nh nht l m t
nhnh cy, m nhnh cy m c ch ra bi h s tri ph thp nht ny. Nu
DSCH c sp xp ln nhiu PDSCH song song, th quy tc tng t c p
dng, nhng tt cc nhnh m c s dng bi cc m ny tng ng vi h s
tri ph nh nht u c th s dng cho n nh h s tri ph cao hn.
2.8.3. Cc m ngu nhin ha ng xung
Trn ng xung ch c cc m ngu nhin ha di l c s dng. C
c thy 218-1=262143 m ngu nhin c nh s t 0 n 262142. Cc chui
m ngu nhin c k hiu l Sdl,n c cu trc bng cc on ca chui Gold.
tng tc qu trnh tm , ch 8192 m trong s 262143 c s dng trong
thc t v c ct ngn ly on u 38400 chip ph hp vi chu k khung
10 ms. Nh minh ha trn hnh 2.12, ch c cc m vi n=0,1,, 8191 c s
dng. Cc m ny c chia thnh 512 tp. Mi tp gm 16 m (i=015) vi
mt m s cp v 15 m th cp. 8 tp (i=07) vi 8x16 m hp thnh mt
nhm to nn 64 nhm (j=063).
47
Hnh 2.12. Cc m ngu nhin ha s cp v th cp

V thng thng mi c nhn dng bng mt m ngu nhin ho s
cp, nn qu trnh tm kim cng l qu trnh tm kim m ny. Qu trnh tm
kim c th c thc hin theo ba bc sau:
Tm P-SCH (knh ng b s cp) thit lp ng b khe v ng b k
hiu
Tm S-SCH (knh ng b th cp) thit lp ng b khung v nhm m
Tm m ngu nhin ha nhn dng
2.8.4. Ghp knh a m ng xung
tng dung lng knh ng xung ta c th s dng s ghp knh
a m nh cho hnh 2.13.
S/P: bin i ni tip thnh song song

48
Hnh 2.13. Truyn dn a m cho ng xung

2.9. TNG KT
Cc h thng CDMA c xy dng trn c s tri ph chui trc tip
(DSSS). Vic s dng tri ph cng vi cc m trc giao cho php nhiu u
cui di ng c th dng chung mt tn s. Khi ny tnh trc giao ca cc m v
tri ph cho php mt my thu u cui c th d dng tch ra c tn hiu ca
mnh. Do s dng chung mt tn s nn c th p dng chuyn giao mm cho
CDMA. Trong chuyn giao mm mt my di ng c th kt ni n nhiu trm
gc trn cng mt tn s nhng vi m tri ph khc nhau. u im ca chuyn
giao mm l khng lm mt cuc gi trong qu trnh chuyn giao mc d n lm
gim phn no dng lng v tng thm tnh phc tp h thng. Nhng cng
v s dng chung mt tn s nn c th xy ra hin tng gn xa, trong my
di ng gn trm gc s gy nhiu cho cc ngi s dng khc. khc phc
nhc im ny phi p dng iu khin cng sut nhanh cho CDMA trong
my di ng gn trm gc s c iu chnh pht cng sut thp hn my di
ng xa trm gc. iu khin cng sut nhanh trong WCDMA c thc hin
1500 ln trong mt giy. Mt c im na ca CDMA l cc m ngu nhin
ha mang tnh trc giao kh cao nn cc ng truyn n my thu c tr
khc nhau thi gian chip hoc ln hn thi gian ny u c lp vi nhau v v
th c th s dng phn tp a ng (hay my thu RAKE) trong CDMA.
Nguyn tc ca my thu RAKE l chn mt s ng (mt s ngn) c cng
sut thu ln hn ngng, ng chnh pha cc ng ny ri cng cng sut thu
ca chng vi nhau. WCDMA s dng hai tng tri ph: (1) tri ph bng m
nh knh, (2) tri ph bng m nhn dng ngun pht. M nh knh c xy
dng trn c s m h s tri ph trc giao kh bin (OVSF), trong h s tri
ph SF=Rs/Rc vi Rs l tc k hiu v Rc l tc chip. M ngu nhin ha
c cu trc t m Gold. WCDMA s dng iu ch QPSK cho ng xung
v BPSK cho ng ln. gim t s cng sut nh trn cng sut trung bnh
ca tn hiu iu ch, ngu nhin ha phc c s dng.
49
Chng 3
GIAO DIN V TUYN CA WCDMA UMTS
3.1. GII THIU CHUNG
3.1.1. Mc ch chng
Hiu tng quan v WCDMA/FDD
Hiu kin trc WCDMA v cc knh ca n
Hiu c cc k thut phn tp pht trong WCDMA
Kin trc giao din v tuyn ca 3G WCDMA/FDD

Cc thng s lp vt l v quy hoch tn s ca WCDMA/FDD
Cc kiu knh ca WCDMA/FDD
S tng qut ca mt thit b thu pht WCDMA
Cc s phn tp pht c s dng cho WCDMA
Cc s iu ch v chuyn giao trong WCDMA
Cc thng s quan trng my thu v my pht v tuyn ca UE
M ha ting AMR
3.1.3. Hng dn
Tham kho thm cc ti liu tham kho cui ti liu ging dy ca kha
hc
3.2. M U
WCDMA UMTS l mt trong cc tiu chun ca IMT-2000 nhm pht
trin ca GSM cung cp cc kh nng cho th h ba. WCDMA UMTS s
dng mng a truy nhp v tuyn trn c s W-CDMA v mng li c pht
trin t GSM/GPRS. W-CDMA c th c hai gii php cho giao din v tuyn:
50
ghp song cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD: Frequency Division Duplex) v
ghp song cng phn chia theo thi gian (TDD: Time Division Duplex). C hai
giao din ny u s dng tri ph chui trc tip (DS-CDMA). Gii php th
nht s c trin khai rng ri cn gii php th hai ch yu s c trin khai
cho cc nh (Micro v Pico). Hin nay mi ch c WCDMA/FDD c trin
khai v th trong kha hc ny ta s ch xt WCDMA/FDD
Gii php FDD s dng hai bng tn 5 MHz vi hai sng mang phn cch
nhau 190 MHz: ng ln c bng tn nm trong di ph t 1920 MHz n
1980 MHz, ng xung c bng tn nm trong di ph t 2110 MHz n 2170
Mhz. Mc d 5 MHz l rng bng danh nh, ta cng c th chn rng
bng t 4,4 MHz n 5 MHz vi nc tng l 200 KHz. Vic chn rng bng
ng n cho php ta trnh c nhiu giao thoa nht l khi khi 5 MHz tip
theo thuc nh khai thc khc.
Gii php TDD s dng cc tn s nm trong di 1900 n 1920 MHz v
t 2010 MHz n 2025 MHz; y ng ln v ng xung s dng chung
mt bng tn.
Giao din v tuyn ca W-CDMA/FDD ( n gin ta s b qua k hiu
FDD nu khng xt n TDD) hon ton khc vi GSM v GPRS, W-CDMA
s dung phng thc tri ph chui trc tip vi tc chip l 3,84 Mcps.
Trong WCDMA mng truy nhp v tuyn c gi l UTRAN (UMTS
Terrestrial Radio Access Network). Cc phn t ca UTRAN rt khc vi cc
phn t mng truy nhp v tuyn ca GSM. V th kh nng s dng li cc
BTS v BSC ca GSM l rt hn ch. Mt s nh sn xut cng c k hoch
nng cp cc GSM BTS cho WCDMA. i vi cc nh sn sut ny c th ch
tho ra mt s b thu pht GSM t BTS v thay vo cc b thu pht mi cho
WCDMA. Mt s rt t nh sn sut cn lp k hoch xa hn. H ch to cc
BSC ng thi cho c GSM v WCDMA. Tuy nhin a phn cc nh sn sut
phi thay th GSM BSC bng RNC mi cho WCDMA.
W-CDMA s dng rt nhiu kin trc ca mng GSM, GPRS hin c cho
mng ca mnh. Cc phn t nh MSC, HLR, SGSN, GGSN c th c nng
cp t mng hin c h tr ng thi WCDMA v GSM.
Giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA/FDD c xy dng trn ba kiu knh:
knh logic, knh truyn ti v knh vt l. Knh logic c hnh thnh trn c
s ng gi cc thng tin t lp cao trc khi sp xp vo knh truyn ti.
Nhiu knh truyn ti c ghp chng vo knh vt l. Knh vt l c xy
dng trn cng ngh a truy nhp CDMA kt hp vi FDMA/FDD. Mi knh
vt l c c trng bi mt cp tn s v mt m tri ph. Ngoi ra knh vt
l ng ln cn c c trng bi gc pha. Trong phn di y ta trc ht
ta xt kin trc giao thc ca giao din v tuyn sau ta s xt giao din v
tuyn ca WCDMA/FDD, sau s xt cc knh ny.
51
3.3. KIN TRC NGN XP GIAO THC CA GIAO DIN V TUYN

WCDMA/FDD
Kin trc giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA c cho trn hnh 3.1.
UP: Mt phng ngi s dng

CP: Mt phng iu khin
Hnh 3.1. Kin trc giao thc v tuyn cho UTRA FDD.
Ngn xp giao thc ca giao din v tuyn bao gm 3 lp giao thc:
Lp vt l (L1). c t cc vn lin quan n giao din v tuyn nh iu
ch v m ha, tri ph v.v..
Lp lin kt ni s liu (L2). Lp khun s liu vo cc khi s liu v m
bo truyn dn tin cy gia cc nt ln cn hay cc thc th ng cp
Lp mng (L3). c t nh a ch v nh tuyn
Mi khi th hin mt trng hp ca giao thc tng ng. ng khng
lin nt th hin cc giao din iu khin, qua giao thc RRC iu khin v
lp cu hnh cc lp di.
Lp 2 c chia thnh cc lp con: MAC (Medium Access Control: iu
khin truy nhp mi trng) v RLC (Radio link Control: iu khin lin kt),
PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol: Giao thc hi t s liu gi) v
BMC (Broadcast/Multicast Control: iu khin qung b/a phng ).
Lp 3 v RLC c chia thnh hai mt phng: mt phng iu khin (CPlane) v mt phng ngi s dng (U-Plane). PDCP v BMC ch c mt
phng U.
Trong mt phng C lp 3 bao gm RRC (Radio Resource Control: iu
khin ti nguyn v tuyn) kt cui ti RAN v cc lp con cao hn: MM
52
(Mobility Management) v CC (Connection Management), GMM (GPRS

Mobility Management), SM (Session Management) kt cui ti mng li (CN).
Lp vt l l lp thp nht giao din v tuyn. Lp vt l c s dng
truyn dn giao din v tuyn. Mi knh vt l lp ny c xc nh
bng mt t hp tn s, m ngu nhin ho (m nh knh) v pha (ch cho
ng ln). Cc knh c s dng vt l truyn thng tin ca cc lp cao
trn giao din v tuyn, tuy nhin cng c mt s knh vt l ch c dnh cho
hot ng ca lp vt l.
truyn thng tin giao din v tuyn, cc lp cao phi chuyn cc
thng tin ny qua lp MAC n lp vt l bng cch s dng cc knh logic.
MAC sp xp cc knh ny ln cc knh truyn ti trc khi a n lp vt l
lp ny sp xp chng ln cc knh vt l.
3.4. CC THNG S LP VT L V QUY HOCH TN S
3.4.1. Cc thng s lp vt l
Cc thng s lp vt l ca WCDMA c cho trong bng 3.1.
Bng 3.1. Cc thng s lp vt l W-CDMA
W-CDMA
S a truy nhp
rng bng tn (MHz)
Mnh ph
Tc chip (Mcps)
di khung
ng b gia cc nt B
M ha sa li
iu ch DL/UL
Tri ph DL/UL
B m ha thoi
T chc tiu chun
DS-CDMA bng rng

5/10/15/20
200 kHz
(1,28)/3,84/7,68/11,52/15,36
10 ms
D b/ng b
M turbo, m xon
QPSK/BPSK
QPSK/OCQPSK (HPSK)
CS-ACELP/(AMR)
3GPP/ETSI/ARIB
53
DL: Downlink: ng xung; UL: Uplink: ng ln

OCQPSK (HPSK): Orthogonal Complex Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
(Hybrid PSK) = kha chuyn pha vung gc trc giao
CS-ACELP: Conjugate Structure-Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction
= D bo tuyn tnh kch thch theo m li s cu trc phc hp
3GPP: Third Generation Parnership Project: n ca cc i tc th h ba
ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute: Vin tiu chun
vin thng Chu u
ARIB: Association of Radio Industries and Business: Lin hip cng nghip
v kinh doanh v tuyn
3.4.2. Quy hoch tn s
Cc bng tn s dng cho WCDMA FDD trn ton cu c cho trn
hnh 3.2a. WCDMA s dng phn b tn s quy nh cho IMT-2000
(International Mobile Telecommunications-2000) (hnh 3.2b) nh sau. chu
u v hu ht cc nc chu bng tn IMT-2000 l 2 60 MHz (1920-1980
MHz cng vi 2110-2170 MHz) c th s dng cho WCDMA/ FDD. Bng tn
s dng cho TDD chu u thay i, bng tn c cp theo giy php c th
l 25 MHz cho s dng TDD 1900-1920 (TDD1) v 2020-2025 MHz (TDD2).
Bng tn cho cc ng dng TDD khng cn xin php (SPA= Self Provided
Application: ng dng t cp) c th l 2010-2020 MHz. Cc h thng FDD s
dng cc bng tn khc nhau cho ng ln v ng xung vi phn cch l
khong cch song cng, cn cc h thng TDD s dng cng tn s cho c
ng ln v ng xung.
UMTS quy nh khai thc song cng phn chia theo tn s l ch tiu
chun cho thng tin thoi v s liu. Hot ng ng thi v lin tc ca cc
mch in pht v thu l cc thay i ng k nht so vi hat ng ca GSM.
54
Hnh 3.2. Phn b tn s cho WCDMA/FDD. a) Cc bng c th dng cho

WCDMA FDD ton cu; b) Bng tn IMT-2000.
Bng tn cho hat ng FDD cho cc bng I, II v III c cho trn hnh
3.3. Bng I (B1) l n nh bng chnh Chu u. Quy nh dnh hai cp pht
60MHz vi khong cch song cng chun 190MHz, tuy nhin quy nh cng
cho php song cng kh bin, trong khong cch pht thu nm trong khong
130 n 250MHz. H thng song cng kh bin t ra cc yu cu b sung i
vi thit k my pht thu v cc b t tn s my pht v my thu phi hot ng
c lp vi nhau. Bng II (B2) ti s dng bng hin c ca h thng thng tin
di ng c nhn v d nh s dng M m bo ng tn ti UMTS v
GSM. Khong cch song cng ch bng 80MHz i vi bng II v th t ra cc
yu cu kh khn hn i vi phn cng ca my thu pht.
Hnh 3.3 Cp pht bng tn WCDMA/FDD
55
Hnh 3.4 cho thy cp pht bng thng theo u thu ti Vng Quc
Anh. Ph tn c chia cho nm nh khai thc nh sau:
Cp php A (Hutchison) nhn cp pht bng kp 14,6 MHz (tng ng
3 5MHz vi bng bo v nh hn)
Cp php B Vodafon) nhn cp pht bng kp 14,8MHz (tng ng
3 5MHz vi bng bo v nh hn)
Cp php C (BT3G) nhn cp pht bng kp 10MHz (2 5MHz) v bng
n 5MHz ti 1910 MHz
Cp php D (One2One) nhn cp pht bng kp 10MHz (2 5MHz) v bng
dn 5MHz ti 1900MHz
Cp php E (Orange) nhn cp pht bng kp (2 5MHz) v bng n
5MHz ti 1905MHz.
Hnh 3.4. Th d cp pht bng tn cho nm nh khai thc ti Vng Quc Anh
Cp pht tn s ca c khc vi cp pht tn s Anh ch, cc
10MHz bng kp c cp pht cho su nh khai thc (6 10MHz), tt c bn
knh TDD1 c cp pht (1900 n 1920 MHz) cng vi mt trong s cc
knh TDD2 (hnh 3.5).
56
Hnh 3.5. Cp pht tn s cho su nh khai thc ti c

Ti Vit Nam bng tn 3G c cp pht tn s theo tm khe tn s nh
cho trong bng 3.2, trong hai hoc nhiu nh khai thc c th cng tham gia
xin cp pht chung mt khe.
Bng 3.2. Cp pht tn s 3G ti Vit Nam
Khe tn s
FDD
BSTx*
BSRx**
A
2110-2125 MHz 1920-1935 MHz
B
2125-2140 MHz 1935-1950 MHz
C
2140-2155 MHz 1950-1965 MHz
D
2155-2170 MHz 1965-1980 MHz
* BSTx: my pht trm gc
** BSRx: my thu trm gc
TDD
BSTx/BSRx
1915-1920 MHz
1910-1915 MHz
1905-1910 MHz
1900-1905 MHz
L do cp pht cc knh 5MHz khc nhau ti cc nc khc nhau l ch

cc nh khai thc phi quy hoch m v phi trnh vic s dng cc m gy ra
nhiu knh ln cn trong cng mt nc hoc cc nh khai thc khc trong nc
lin k. V th cn phi nghin cu quan h gia cc t hp m tri ph v hot
ng ca cc knh ln cn.
3.5. CC KNH CA WCDMA
Cc knh ca WCDMA c chia thnh cc loi knh sau y:
57
Knh vt l (PhCH). Knh mang s liu trn giao din v tuyn. Mi PhCH
c mt tri ph m nh knh duy nht phn bit vi knh khc. Mt
ngi s dng tch cc c th s dng cc PhCH ring, chung hoc c hai.
Knh ring l knh PhCH dnh ring cho mt UE cn knh chung c chia
s gia cc UE trong mt .
Knh truyn ti (TrCH). Knh do lp vt l cung cp cho lp 2 truyn s
liu. Cc knh TrCH c sp xp ln cc PhCH
Knh Logic (LoCH). Knh c lp con MAC ca lp 2 cung cp cho lp
cao hn. Knh LoCH c xc nh bi kiu thng tin m n truyn.
3.5.1. Cc knh logic, LoCH
Ni chung cc knh logic (LoCH: Logical Channel) c chia thnh hai
nhm: cc knh iu khin (CCH: Control Channel) truyn thng tin iu
khin v cc knh lu lng (TCH: Traffic Channel) truyn thng tin ca
ngi s dng. Cc knh logic v ng dng ca chng c tng kt trong bng
3.2.
Nhm knh
Bng 3.2. Danh sch cc knh logic

Knh logic
ng dng
BCCH (Broadcast Control Knh ng xung pht qung
Channel: Knh iu khin
b thng tin h thng
qung b)
CCH
(Control
Channel:
PCCH (Paging Control
Knh
iu Channel: Knh iu khin
khin)
tm gi)
CCCH (Common Control
chung)
DCCH (Dedicated Control

ring).
DTCH (Dedicated Traffic
TCH (Traffic Channel: Knh lu lng
ring)
Channel:
Knh
lu
lng)
CTCH (Common Traffic
Knh ng xung pht qung

b thng tin tm gi
Knh hai chiu pht thng tin
iu khin gia mng v cc UE.
c s dng khi khng c kt
ni RRC hoc khi truy nhp mt
mi
Knh hai chiu im n im
pht thng tin iu khin ring
gia UE v mng. c thit lp
bi thit lp kt ni ca RRC
Knh hai chiu im n im
ring cho mt UE truyn thng
tin ca ngi s dng. DTCH c
th tn ti c ng ln ln
ng xung
Knh mt chiu im a im
58
Channel: Knh lu lng

chung)
truyn thng tin ca mt ngi s

dng cho tt c hay mt nhm
ngi s dng quy nh hoc ch
cho mt ngi s dng. Knh ny
ch c ng xung.
3.5.2. Cc knh truyn ti, TrCH

Cc knh lgic c lp MAC chuyn i thnh cc knh truyn ti. Tn
ti hai kiu knh truyn ti: cc knh ring v cc knh chung. im khc nhau
gia chng l: knh chung l ti nguyn c chia s cho tt c hoc mt nhm
cc ngi s dng trong , cn knh knh ring c n nh ring cho mt
ngi s dng duy nht. Cc knh truyn ti chung bao gm: BCH (Broadcast
channel: Knh qung b), FACH (Fast Access Channel: Knh truy nhp nhanh),
PCH (Paging Channel: Knh tm gi), DSCH (Down Link Shared Channel:
Knh chia s ng xung), CPCH (Common Packet Channel: Knh gi
chung). Knh ring ch c mt knh duy nht l DCH (Dedicated Channel: Knh
ring). Knh truyn ti chung c th c p dng cho tt c cc ngi s dng
trong hoc cho mt ngi hoc nhiu ngi c th. Khi knh truyn ti
chung c s dng pht thng tin cho tt c cc ngi s dng th knh ny
khng cn c a ch. Chng hn knh BCH pht thng tin qung b cho tt
c cc ngi s dng trong . Khi knh truyn ti chung p dng cho mt ngi
s dng c th, th cn pht nhn dng ngi s dng trong bng (trong bn tin
s c pht). Knh PCH l knh truyn ti chung c s dng tm gi mt
UE c th s cha thng tin nhn dng ngi s dng bn trong bn tin pht.
Danh sch cc knh truyn ti v ng dng ca chng dc cho bng
3.3.
Bng 3.3. Danh sch cc knh truyn ti
Knh truyn ti
ng dng
DCH (Dedicated
Knh hai chiu c s dng pht s liu ca ngi
Channel: Knh ring) s dng. c n nh ring cho ngi s dng. C kh
nng thay i tc v iu khin cng sut nhanh
BCH (Broadcast
Knh chung ng xung pht thng tin qung b
Channel: Knh
(chng hn thng tin h thng, thng tin )
qung b)
FACH (Forward
Knh chung ng xung pht thng tin iu khin
Access Channel:
v s liu ca ngi s dng. Knh chia s chung cho
Knh truy nhp
nhiu UE. c s dng truyn s liu tc thp
ng xung)
cho lp cao hn
PCH (Paging
Knh chung dng xung pht cc tn hiu tm gi
Channel: Knh tm
59
gi)
RACH (Random
Access Channel)
CPCH (Common
Packet Channel:
Knh gi chung)
DSCH (Dowlink
Shared Channel:
Knh chia s ng
xung)
Knh chung ng ln pht thng tin iu khin v s

liu ngi s dng. p dng trong truy nhp ngu nhin
v c s dng truyn s liu thp ca ngi s
dng
Knh chung ng ln pht s liu ngi s dng. p
dng trong truy nhp ngu nhin v c s dng trc
ht truyn s liu cm.
Knh chung ng xung pht s liu gi. Chia s
cho nhiu UE. S dng trc ht cho truyn dn s liu
tc cao.
Cc knh logic c chuyn thnh cc knh truyn ti nh cho trn hnh

3.6.
Hnh 3.6. Chuyn i gia cc LoCH v TrCH trn ng ln v ng xung

3.5.3. Cc knh vt l
Mt knh vt l c coi l t hp ca tn s, m ngu nhin, m nh
knh v c pha tng i (i vi ng ln). Knh vt l (Physical Channel)
bao gm cc knh vt l ring (DPCH: Dedicated Physical channel) v knh vt
l chung (CPCH: Common Physical Channel). Cc knh vt l c tng kt
hnh 3.7 v bng 3.4.
60
Hnh 3.7. Tng kt cc kiu knh vt l

Bng 3.4. Danh sch cc knh vt l
Tn knh
ng dng
DPCH (Dedicated
Knh hai chiu ng xung/ng ln c n
Physical Channel: Knh
nh ring cho UE. Gm DPDCH (Dedicated
vt l ring)
Physical Control Channel: Knh vt l iu khin
ring) v DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control
Channel: Knh vt l iu khin ring). Trn ng
xung DPDCH v DPCCH c ghp theo thi
gian vi ngu nhin ha phc cn trn ng ln
c ghp m I/Q vi ngu nhin ha phc
DPDCH (Dedicated
Khi s dng DPCH, mi UE c n nh t nht
Physical Data Channel:
mt DPDCH. Knh c s dng pht s liu
Knh vt l s liu ring ngi s dng t lp cao hn
DPCCH (Dedicated
Khi s dng DPCH, mi UE ch c n nh mt
Physical Control
DPCCH. Knh c s dng iu khin lp vt
Channel: Knh vt l iu l ca DPCH. DPCCH l knh i km vi DPDCH
khin ring)
cha: cc k hiu hoa tiu, cc k hiu iu khin
cng sut (TPC: Transmission Power Control), ch
th kt hp khun dng truyn ti. Cc k hiu hoa
tiu cho php my thu nh gi hng ng xung
kim ca knh v tuyn v thc hin tch sng nht
qun. Cc k hiu ny cng cn cho hot ng ca
anten thch ng (hay anten thng minh) c bp
sng hp. TPC iu khin cng sut vng kn
nhanh cho c ng ln v ng xung. TFCI
thng tin cho my thu v cc thng s tc thi ca
61
cc knh truyn ti: cc tc s liu hin thi trn

cc knh s liu khi nhiu dch v c s dng
ng thi. Ngoi ra TFCI c th b b qua nu tc
s liu c nh. Knh cng cha thng tin hi
tip hi tip (FBI: Feeback Information) ng
ln m bo vng hi tip cho phn tp pht v
phn tp chn la.
PRACH (Physical
Random Access Channel:
Knh vt l truy nhp
ngu nhin)
PCPCH (Physical
Common Packet Channel:
Knh vt l gi chung)
CPICH (Common Pilot
Channel: Knh hoa tiu
chung)
Knh chung ng ln. c s dng mang

knh truyn ti RACH
P-CCPCH (Primary
Common Control
vt l iu khin chung
s cp)
S-CCPCH (Secondary
Common Control
vt l iu khin chung
th cp)
SCH (Synchrronization
Channel: Knh ng b)
Knh chung ng xung. Mi c mt knh

truyn BCH
Knh chung ng ln. c s dng mang

knh truyn ti CPCH
Knh chung ng xung. C hai kiu knh
CPICH: P-CPICH (Primary CPICH: CPICH s cp)
v S-CPICH (Secondary CPICH: CPICH th cp).
P-CPICH m bo tham chun nht qun cho ton
b UE thu c SCH, P-CCPCH, AICH v
PICH v cc knh nay khng c hoa tiu ring nh
cc trng hp knh DPCH. Knh S-CPICH m
bo tham kho nht qun chung trong mt phn
hoc on cho trng hp s dng anten thng
minh c bp sng hp. Chng hn c th s dng SCPICH lm tham chun cho S-CCPCH (knh mang
cc bn tin tm gi) v cc knh DPCH ng
xung.
Knh chung ng xung. Mt c th c mt hay

nhiu S-CCPCH. c s dng truyn PCH v
FACH
Knh chung ng xung. C hai kiu knh SCH:

SCH s cp v SCH th cp. Mi ch c mt SCH
s cp v th cp. c s dng tm
62
PDSCH (Physical
Downlink Shared
Channel: Knh vt l chia
s ng xung)
AICH (Acquisition
Indication Channel: Knh
ch th bt)
PICH (Page Indication
Channel: Knh ch th tm
gi)
AP-AICH (Access
Preamble Acquisition
Indicator Channel: Knh
ch th bt tin t truy
nhp)
CD/CA-ICH (CPCH
Collision Detection/
Channel Assignment
ch th pht hin va chm
CPCH/n nh knh)
CSICH (CPCH Status
ch th trng thi CPCH)
Knh chung ng xung. Mi c nhiu PDSCH

(hoc khng c). c s dng mang knh
truyn ti DSCH
Knh chung ng xung i cp vi PRACH. c
s dng iu khin truy nhp ngu nhin ca
PRACH.
Knh chung ng xung i cp vi S-CCPCH (khi
knh ny mang PCH) pht thng tin kt cui
cuc gi cho tng nhm cuc gi kt cui. Khi nhn
c thng bo ny, UE thuc nhm kt cui cuc
gi th n s thu khung v tuyn trn S-CCPCH
Knh chung ng xung i cp vi PCPCH
iu khin truy nhp ngu nhin cho PCPCH
Knh chung ng xung i cp vi PCPCH. c

s dng iu khin va chm PCPCH
Knh chung ng xung lin kt vi AP-AICH

pht thng tin v trng thi kt ni ca PCPCH
Cc cc knh truyn ti c chuyn thnh cc knh vt l nh trn hnh 3.8.
63
Hnh 3.8. Chuyn i gia cc knh truyn ti v cc knh vt l

Hnh 3.9 cho thy vic ghp hai knh truyn ti ln mt knh vt l v
cung cp ch th li cho tng khi truyn ti ti pha thu.
TFI= Transport Format Indicator: Ch th khun dng truyn ti

TFCI= Transport Format Combination Indicator: Ch th kt hp khun dng
truyn ti
Hnh 3.9. Ghp cc knh truyn ti ln knh vt l
3.5.4. Qu trnh truy nhp ngu nhin RACH v truy nhp gi CPCH
64
Qu trnh truy nhp ngu nhin RACH v truy nhp gi CPCH c cho
trn hnh 3.10a v 3.10b.
Hnh 3.10. Cc th tc truy nhp ngu nhin RACH v truy nhp gi

Cc tr tc truy nhp ngu nhin trn hnh 3.10a nh sau. UE khi xng
th tc truy nhp ngu nhin RACH bng cch pht i mt AP (tin t truy
nhp). Nu chp nhn (OK), nt B pht AICH (ch th pht hin bt) n UE.
Sau UE c th pht bn tin trn knh RACH (knh truy nhp ngu nhin).
Cc th tc truy nhp ngu nhin CPCH nh sau. Da trn thng tin kh
dng ca tng knh PCPCH do CSICH thng bo, UE khi xng th tc truy
nhp CPCH trn knh cha s dng bng cch pht i mt AP (tin t truy
nhp). Nu c nt B chp nhn (OK) UE pht i mt CP (tin t pht hin va
chm) thng bo rng n chim knh ny. Cui cng nt B pht i
CD/CA-ICH (ch th pht hin va chm v n nh knh) n UE. Sau UE c
th pht gi trn knh CPCH (knh gi chung)
3.5.5. Th d v bo hiu thit lp cuc gi s dng cc knh logic v truyn ti
Hnh 3.11 cho thy bo hiu thit lp lp cuc gi s dng knh logic v
knh truyn ti. u tin UE s dng knh logic CCCH truyn trn knh truyn
ti RACH yu cu ng truyn bo hiu (RRC). RNC tr li bng knh
logic CCCH trn knh truyn ti FACH. Sau khi c kt ni RRC, UE s trao i
bo hiu vi RNC qua knh logic DCCH trn knh truyn ti DCH. Sau khi
nhn c lnh "truyn trc tip" t UE, RNC pht lnh yu cu dch v CM
(Connection Management: qun l kt ni) trn giao thc RANAP (Radio
Access Application Part: phn ng dng truy nhp mng v tuyn) khi u
bo hiu thit lp knh mang lu lng Ty thuc vo yu cu ca UE lnh bo
hiu ny c th c chuyn n MSC hoc SGSN (trong trng hp xt l
MSC). Sau khi thc hin cc th tc an ninh, cc th tc thit lp knh mang
c thc hin.
65
Hnh 3.11. Bo hiu thit lp cuc gi.

3.6. CU TRC KNH VT L RING
Cu trc knh vt l ring c trnh by trn hnh 3.12. Trong m hnh
ny mi cp hai bit th hin mt cp I/Q (mt k hiu) ca iu ch QPSK. T
hnh v ta thy, cu trc khung bao gm mt chui cc khung v tuyn, mi
khung bao gm 15 khe (di 10 ms, cha 38400 chip) v mi khe cha 2560 chip
(di 0,667 ms) bng mt chu k iu khin cng sut (tn s iu khin cng
sut l 1500 ln trong mt giy).
66
Hnh 3.12. Cu trc knh vt l ring cho ng ln v ng xung

Cu trc knh vt l ring ng ln cho mt khe (mt chu k iu khin
cng sut) c cho trn hnh 3.12. Thng tin ring lp cao hn bao gm s liu
ngi s dng v bo hiu c mang bi DPDCH ng ln v thng tin iu
khin to ra bi lp 1 c mang bi DPCCH. DPCCH bao gm cc k hiu
hoa tiu quy nh trc (c s dng c tnh knh v tch sng nht qun),
cc lnh iu khin cng sut (TPC: Transmit Power Control), thng tin phn
hi (FBI: Feedback Information) cho phn tp pht vng kn v k thut phn
tp chn trm (SSDT: Site Selection Diversity Technique), TFCI (ty chn). C
th khng c, mt hay mt s (nhiu nht l 6) knh DPDCH trn mt lin kt
v tuyn, nhng ch c mt DPCCH cho lin kt ny. DPDCH (hoc cc
DPDCH) v DPCCH c ghp chung theo m I/Q vi ngu nhin ha phc.
Cu trc knh vt l ring ng xung c m t trn hnh 3.12.Trn
ng xung knh ring (DPCH) ng xung bao gm DPDCH ng xung
v DPCCH ng xung ghp theo thi gian vi ngu nhin ha phc. S liu
ring c to ra ti cc mc cao hn trn DPDCH c ghp theo thi gian vi
cc bit hoa tiu, cc lnh TPC v cc bit TFCI (ty chn) c to ra ti lp vt
l.
TFCI c th c hoc khng c, nu khng c cc bit TFCI, DTX (pht
khng lin tc) c s dng trong trng tng ng.
3.7. S TNG QUT MY PHT V MY THU WCDMA
Hnh 3.13 cho thy s khi ca my pht v tuyn (hnh 3.13a) v my
thu v tuyn (3.13b) trong W-CDMA. Lp 1 (lp vt l) b sung CRC cho tng
khi truyn ti (TB: Transport Block) l n v s liu gc cn x l nhn c
t lp MAC pht hin li pha thu. Sau s liu c m ho knh v an
xen. S liu sau an xen c b sung thm cc bit hoa tiu v cc bit iu
khin cng sut pht (TPC: Transmit Power Control)), c sp xp ln cc
nhnh I v Q ca QPSK v c tri ph hai lp (tri ph v ngu nhin ho).
67
Chui chip sau ngu nhin ho c gii hn trong bng tn 5 MHz bng b lc
Niquist cosin tng cn hai (h s dc bng 0,22) v c bin i vo tng t
bng b bin i s vo tng t (D/A) a ln iu ch vung gc cho sng
mang. Tn hiu trung tn (IF) sau iu ch c bin i nng tn vo sng v
tuyn (RF) trong bng tn 2 GHz, sau c a ln khuych i trc khi
chuyn n anten pht vo khng gian.
Ti pha thu, tn hiu thu c b khuych i i tp m thp (LNA)
khuych i, c bin i vo trung tn (IF) thu ri c khuych i tuyn
tnh bi b khuych i AGC (t iu khuych). Sau khuych di AGC tn hiu
c gii iu ch c cc thnh phn I v Q. Cc tn hiu tng t ca cc
thnh phn ny c bin i vo s ti b bin i A/D, c lc bi b lc
Nyquist cosine tng cn hai v c phn chia theo thi gian vo mt s thnh
phn ng truyn c cc thi gian tr truyn sng khc nhau. My thu RAKE
chn cc thnh phn ln hn mt ngng cho trc). Sau gii tri ph cho cc
thnh phn ny, chng c kt hp bi b kt hp my thu RAKE, tn hiu
tng c gii an xen, gii m knh (gii m sa li), c phn knh thnh
cc khi truyn ti TB v c pht hin li. Cui cng chng c a n lp
cao hn.
Hnh 3.13. S khi my pht tuyn (a) v my thu v tuyn (b)
68
3.8. PHN TP PHT

Khi nhiu anten thu c s dng, ta ni my thu s dng phn tp anten
thu (Rx). Phn tp Rx c th c s dng ti nt B tng dung lng ng
ln v vng ph sng. Do gi thnh v khng gian chim ln, phn tp anten thu
khng ph bin ti my u cui. khc phc nhc im ny WCDMA s
dng phn tp pht cho my u cui. Tn ti hai k thut phn tp pht
WCDMA: Phn tp vng h v phn tp vng kn.
3.8.1. Phn tp vng h
Phn tp pht vng h s dng b m ha c gi l STTD (Space time
Transmit Diversity: phn tp pht khng gian thi gian). S my pht v my
thu s dng STTD c cho trn hnh 3.14a v 3.14b.
MF: Matched Filter: B lc phi hp

Hnh 3.14. Phn tp pht vng h ca WCDMA
STTD c xy dng trn c s m Alamouti nh sau :
x x
2
X(x1 , x 2 ) = 1
x x
2 1
(3.1)
trong ct 1 cha cc k hiu c pht i t anten 1 cn ct 2 cha cc k

hiu c pht i t anten 2. Cc k hiu ny l cc k hiu iu ch QPSK
(xem hnh 3.15).
69
Hnh 3.15. B iu ch STTD s dng m khi khng gian thi gian trc giao
(O-STBC) 2x2.
3.8.2. Ch vng kn
R3 v R4 s dng hai khi nim phn tp pht vng kn. Trong c hai ch
ny, thng tin ng chnh pha c pht trn mt knh hi tip nhanh (tc
1500 bps) cho php chn 4 hoc 16 kh nng trng s bp sng. C hai khi
nim ny u c th coi l truyn dn nht qun (to bp thch ng knh) vi s
dng cn bng knh v cc chin lc bo hiu hi tip khc nhau. Kin trc
my pht v my thu nt B c cho trn hnh 3.16a v 3.16b.
Hnh 3.16. Phn tp pht vng kn ca WCDMA

Trong c hai ch trng s pht c la chn theo th tc di y:
70
u cui o cc knh hoa tiu chung CPICH1 v CPICH2 c pht trn

anten 1 v anten 2.
u cui nhn c c tnh knh cho ng truyn h1 v h2
Vect trng s pht cn thit W(w1, w2) c xc nh, c lng t v
c gi n BTS trong trng FBI ca knh DCCH.
3.9. IU KHIN CNG SUT TRONG WCDMA
CDMA rt nhy cm vi iu khin cng sut: h thng WCDMA
hot ng bnh thng, cn c mt c ch iu khin cng sut tt duy tr t
s tn hiu trn nhiu (SIR) ti mc cho php. V nhiu ngi s dng cng
truyn ng thi trn cng mt tn s, nn mc nhiu ph thuc vo s lng
ngi s dng.
Tn ti hai kiu iu khin cng sut:
1. iu khin cng sut vng h: cho cc knh chung
2. iu khin cng sut vng kn: cho cc knh ring DPDCH/DPCCH v
chia s DSCH
iu khin cng sut vng h thng c UE trc khi truy nhp mng
v nt B trong qu trnh thit lp ng truyn v tuyn s dng c lng
cng sut cn pht trn ng ln da trn cc tnh ton tn hao ng truyn
trn ng xung v t s tn hiu trn nhiu yu cu.
iu khin cng sut vng kn c nhim v gim nhiu trong h thng
bng cch duy tr cht lng thng tin gia UE v UTRAN (ng truyn v
tuyn) gn nht vi mc cht lng ti thiu yu cu i kiu dch v m ngi
s dng i hi.
iu khin cng sut vng kn bao gm hai phn: iu khin cng sut
nhanh vng trong tc 1500 Hz v iu khin cng sut chm vng ngoi tc
10-100Hz.
3.9.1. Th d v iu khin cng sut vng h cho PRACH
Da trn tnh ton ca PC vng h, UE thit lp cc cng sut ban u
cho tin t knh truy nhp ngu nhin vt l (PRACH). Trong th tc truy nhp
ngu nhin (xem phn 3.5.4), UE thit lp cng sut pht tin t u tin nh
sau:
Preamble_Initial_power = CPICH_Tx_power CPICH _RSCP
+ UL_interference + UL_required_CI (3.2)
trong CPICH_Tx-power l cng sut pht ca P-CPICH, CPICH _RSCP l
cng sut P-CPICH thu ti UE, CPICH_Tx_power CPICH _RSCP l c tnh
suy hao ng truyn t nt B n UE. UL_interferrence (c gi l tng
71
cng sut thu bng rng) c o ti nt B v c pht qung b trn BCH,

UL_required_CI l hng s tng ng vi t s tn hiu trn nhiu c thit
lp trong qu trnh quy hoch mng v tuyn.
3.9.2. iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln
S iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln cc cho trn hnh 3.17.
Hnh 3.17. Nguyn l iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln

3.9.2.1. iu khin cng sut vng trong ng ln
Phng php iu khin cng sut nhanh vng kn ln nh sau (xem hnh
3.17). Nt B thng xuyn c tnh t s tn hiu trn nhiu thu c (SIR=
Signal to Interference Ratio) trn hoa tiu ng ln trong UL DPCCH v so
snh n vi t s SIR ch (SIRch). Nu SIRctnh cao hn SIRch th nt B thit
lp bit iu khin cng sut trong DPCCH TPC=0 lnh UE h thp cng sut
(Ty vo thit lp cu hnh: 1dB chng hn) , tri li n thit lp bit iu khin
cng sut trong DPCCH TPC=1 ra lnh UE tng cng sut (1dB chng hn).
Chu k o-lnh-phn ng ny c thc hin 1500 ln trong mt giy (1,5
KHz) W-CDMA. Tc ny s cao hn mi s thay i tn hao ng truyn
v thm ch c th nhanh hn phainh nhanh khi MS chuyn ng tc thp.
3.9.2.2. iu khin cng sut vng ngoi ng ln
iu khin cng sut vng ngoi thc hin iu chnh gi tr SIRch nt
B cho ph hp vi yu cu ca tng ng truyn v tuyn t c cht
lng cc ng truyn v tuyn nh nhau. Cht lng ca cc ng truyn v
tuyn thng c nh gi bng t s bit li (BER: Bit Error Rate) hay t s
khung li (FER= Frame Error Rate). L do cn t li SIRch nh sau. SIR yu
cu (t l vi Ec/N0) chng hn l FER=1% ph thuc vo tc ca MS v c
im truyn nhiu ng. Nu ta t SIRch ch cho trng hp xu nht (cho
tc cao nht) th s lng ph dung lng cho cc kt ni tc thp. Nh
vy tt nht l SIRch th ni xung quanh gi tr ti thiu p ng c yu
72
cu cht lng. thc hin iu khin cng sut vng ngoi, mi khung s
liu ca ngi s dng c gn ch th cht lng khung l CRC. Nu kim tra
CRC cho thy BLERctnh> BLERch th SIRch s b gim i mt nc bng
SIR, tri li n s c tng ln mt nc bng SIR. L do t iu khin
vng ngoi RNC v chc nng ny thc hin sau khi thc hin kt hp cc tn
hiu chuyn giao mm.
3.9.3. iu khin cng sut vng kn ng xung
iu khin cng sut vng kn c minh ha trn hnh 3.18. UE nhn
c BLER ch t lp cao hn do RNC thit lp cng vi cc thng s iu
khin khc. Da trn BLER ch nhn c t RNC, n thc hin iu khin
cng sut vng ngoi bng cch tnh ton SIR ch cho iu kin cng sut vng
kn nhanh ng xung. UE c tnh SIR ng xung t cc k hiu hoa tiu
ca DL DPCCH . c tnh SIR ny c so snh vi SIR ch. Nu c tnh
ny ln hn SIR ch, th UE thit lp TPC=0 trong UL DPCCH v gi n n
nt B, tri li n thit lp TPC=1. Tc diu khin cng sut vng trong l
1500Hz
Hnh 3.18. Nguyn l iu khin cng sut vng kn ng xung

3.10. CC KIU CHUYN GIAO V CC S KIN BO CO TRONG
WCDMA
Chuyn giao l qu trnh c thc hin khi UE c kt ni v tuyn
duy tr cht lng truyn dn. Trong WCDMA c th c chuyn giao cng hoc
chuyn giao mm.
3.10.1. Chuyn giao cng
73
Chuyn giao cng (HHO: Hard Handover) ca WCDMA cng ging nh

ca GSM. UE ch ni n mt nt B. Khi thc hin HO n mt nt B khc, kt
ni n nt B c c gii phng.
Tt c cc kt ni s dng knh FACH (knh khng s dng iu khin
cng sut v dnh cho cc gi ngn) hay DSCH (knh ph hp nht cho cc
dch v chuyn mch gi) u s dng HHO.
Ngoi ra HHO s dng cho:
HO gia cc h thng (gia UTRAN v GSM)
HO gia cc tn s sng mang khc nhau ca UTRAN
3.10.2. Chuyn giao mm/ mm hn
Chuyn giao mm (hoc mm hn) s dng nhiu kt ni t mt UE n
nhiu nt B. Danh sch cc nt B tham gia vo kt ni vi UE trong chuyn
giao mm/mm hn c gi l tp tch cc. C th quy nh c kch thc
cc i ca tp tch cc. Thc cht chuyn giao l qu trnh trong mt
(on ) hoc c kt np vo tp tch cc hoc b loi ra khi tp tch cc.
nh k hoc ti cc s kin bo co (s kin 1A, 1B v 1C chng hn), SRNC
nhn c kt qu o t UE a ra quyt nh chuyn giao. Sau khi quyt
nh chuyn giao, SRNC gii bn tin lp li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c
ng b n cc nt B lin quan v ng thi gi bn tin RRC v lp li cu
hnh knh vt l n UE cc nt B ny v UE thc hin chuyn giao. Chuyn
giao mm cho php tng s ng truyn thu c trn ng xung v ng
ln nh vy tng t s tn hiu trn nhiu (SIR: Signal to Interference Ratio):
Ec/I0 (Ec l nng lng chip cn I0 l mt ph cng sut nhiu) v lng tng
ny c gi l li chuyn giao. S tng qut SHO c cho trn hnh
3.19.
R1a, R1b l di bo co cho cc s kin 1a v 1b c thit lp bi RNC; H1a, H1b

l hng s tr c quy nh cho cc s kin 1a v 1b
74
Hnh 3.19. Th d v gii thut SHO

Trong th d trong trn hnh 3.19 ta s dng cc s kin bo co 1A, 1B
v 1C.
T hnh 3.19 ta thy:
Lc u. Ch c 1 v 2 nm trong tp tch cc
Ti s kin A. (Ec/I0)P-CPICH1 > (Ec/I0)P-CPICH3- (R1a-H1a/2) trong (Ec/I0)PCPICH1 l t s tn hiu trn nhiu knh hoa tiu ca 1 mnh nht, (Ec/I0)PCPICH3 l t s tn hiu trn nhiu knh hoa tiu ca 3 nm ngoi tp tch
cc, R1a l hng s di bo co (do RNC thit lp), H1a l thng s tr s
kin v (R1b-H1a/2) 1 ca s kt np cho s kin 1A. Nu bt ng thc
ny tn ti trong khong thi gian T th 3 c kt np vo tp tch
cc
Ti s kin C. (Ec/I0)P-CPICH4 > (Ec/I0)P-CPICH2 +H1c, trong (Ec/I0)P-CPICH4 l
t s tn hiu trn nhiu ca 4 nm ngoi tp tch cc v (E c/I0)P-CPICH2 l
t s tn hiu trn nhiu ca 2 ti nht trong tp tch cc, H1c l thng s
tr s kin 1C. Nu quan h ny tn ti trong thi gian T v tp tch cc
y th 2 b loi ra khi tp tich cc v 4 s th ch ca n trong
tp tch cc
Ti s kin B. (Ec/I0)P-CPICH1 < (Ec/I0)P-CPICH3- (R1b+H1b) trong (Ec/I0)PCPICH1 l t s tn hiu trn nhiu knh hoa tiu ca 1 yu nht trong tp
tch cc, (Ec/I0)P-CPICH3 l t s tn hiu trn nhiu ca 3 mnh nht trong
tp tch cc v R1b l hng s di bo co (do RNC thit lp), H1b l thng
s s tr v (R1b+H1b) l ca s loi cho s kin 1C. Nu quan h ny tn
ti trong khong thi gian T th 3 b loi ra khi tp tch cc
3.11. CC THNG S MY THU V MY PHT V TUYN CA UE
Cc thng s my thu v my pht quan trng trong phn v tuyn ca
UE c cho trong bng bng 3.2.
Bng 3.2. Cc thng s my thu v my pht v tuyn quan trng cho phn v
tuyn ca UE
Cc thng s chung
Bng tn I: 2110-2170 MHz
Tn s cng tc
Bng tn II: 1930-1990 MHz
Bng tn III: 1805-1880 MHz
Bng tn I: 190 MHz
Phn cch song cng chun Bng tn II: 80 MHz
Bng tn III: 95 MHz
Cc thng s my thu
75
nhy
Bng tn 1: -117dBm
Bng tn II: -115dBm
Bng tn III: - 114dBm
Cc thng s my pht
Loi 1: +33dBm +1/-3dB
Cng sut pht cc ai v Loi 2: +27dBm +1/-3dB
chnh xc
Loi 3: +24dBm +1/-3dB
Loi 4: +21dBm 2dB
iu khin cng sut pht Bnh thng: 9dB
vng h
Cc ai: 12dB
3.12. AMR CODEC CHO W-CDMA
B m ho ting a tc thch ng (AMR CODEC: Adaptive Multirate
Codec) c coi l cng ngh vt tri cc cng ngh m ho ting khc. V th
n c chn l s m ho ting cho 3GW-CDMA UMTS. N cung cp 8
ch m ho t 12,2 bps n 4,75kbps. Trong s cc ch ny, 12,2kbps, 7,4
kbps v 6,7 kbps c chung mt gii thut vi cc s m ho ting c tiu
chun ho cc tiu chun ca cc vng khc trn th gii. AMC CODEC cho
php la chn tc ty theo cht lng knh truyn sng. Nu cht lng tt,
tc cao nht (12,2kbps) c chn. Nu ng truyn xu, mt trong s cc
tc thp hn c la ty thuc vo cht lng ng truyn.
AMR cng quy nh cc cng ngh ngoi vi cn thit cho thng tin di
ng. Hai tu chn c cung cp l gii thut VAD (pht hin tch cc ting)
v DTX (pht khng lin tc. Ngoi ra cng nh ngha cc yu cu cho che du
li khi xy ra li. Chng hn ni suy cc thng s m ho nh khuch i bng
m, h s d on ngn hn cng c nh ngha theo s chuyn i trng thi
do li gy ra.
3.13. TNG KT
Trc ht chng ny trnh by ngn xp giao thc ca giao din v
tuyn v cc knh logic, knh truyn ti, knh vt l c to nn giao din
ny. Sau chng trnh by cc thng s lp vt l v quy hoch tn s ca
WCDMA. Ti Vit- Nam bng I c chia lm bn khe v c phn cho 4 nh
khai thc. Ngn xp giao thc c chia thnh hai loi: mt trong mt phng CPlane truyn bo hiu v mt trong mt phng U-Plane truyn lu lng.
Tip theo cu trc ca cc knh ny c trnh by c th. Cc knh c chia
thnh hai loi: knh iu khin, bo hiu v knh truyn lu lng. WCDMA
l giai on pht trin u ca 3G WCDMA UMTS v th vic thit k cc knh
76
truyn lu lng vn tp trung ln dch v chuyn mch knh vi knh c

s dng cho dch v ny l DPCH. Tuy nhin cc knh dung c chuyn mch
gi cng bt u c ch trng. DSCH (Knh chia s ng xung),
RACH, FACH v CPCH c s dng cho mc ch ny. Cc knh RACH,
FACH v CPCH c s dng truyn nhanh cc gi nh, cn knh DSCH
c s cng vi knh DPCH trong thi im gi ln hn kh nng truyn ca
knh DPCH. ng xung s dng s iu ch QPSK kt hp vi m ha
knh kim sot li. M ha kim sot li c thc hin hai lp: (1) m ha
pht hin li CRC, (2) m ha sa li. Cc m sa li c th l m xon hoc m
turbo. WCDMA s dng phng php tri ph chui trc tip vi tc chip
Rc=3,84Mcps. Tri ph c thc hin ti hai thao tc vi hai m: m nh knh
v m nhn dng ngun pht. Khc vi GSM, 3G WCDMA s dng c phn tp
pht ln phn tp thu ti nt B. Cc s ny c th nm trong ch vng h
hoc vng kn. m bo t s tn hiu trn nhiu yu cu, hai s iu
khin cng sut c s dng cho WCDMA: iu khin cng sut vng h v
vng kn. iu khin cng sut vng h c p dng khi khi UE bt u truy
nhp mng. iu khin vng kn c s dng khi UE kt ni vi nt B.
iu khin cng sut vng kn bao gm iu khin cng sut vng trong nhanh
vi tc 1500 ln trong mt giy v iu khin cng sut vng ngoi chm vi
tc 10-100 ln trong mt giy. WCDMA c th s dng chuyn giao cng
hoc mm. Chuyn giao mm ch c thc hin trn cng mt tn s v trong
cng mt h thng Cui chng mt s thng s v thng tin quan trng lin
quan n my thu v my pht v tuyn ca UE cng nh CODEC thoi cho
WCDMA cng c trnh by.
77
Chng 4
TRUY NHP GI TC CAO (HSPA)
4.1. GII THIU CHUNG
4.1.1. Mc ch chng
Hiu kin trc ngn xp giao thc giao din v tuyn HSDPA
Hiu c cc s lp biu (Scheduler) v HARQ p dng cho HSPA
Hiu c kin trc HSDPA v cc knh ca n
Hiu c kin trc HSUPA v cc knh ca n
Hiu c chuyn giao trong HSDPA

Tng quan HSPA
Kin trc giao din v tuyn ca HSPA
HSDPA
HSUPA
Chuyn giao HSDPA
4.1.3. Hng dn
Tham kho cc ti liu tham kho nu cn
4.2. TNG QUAN TRUY NHP GI TC CAO (HSPA)
4.2.1. M u
Truy nhp gi tc cao ng xung (HSDPA: High Speed Down Link
Packet Access) c 3GPP chun ha ra trong R5 vi phin bn tiu chun u
tin vo nm 2002. Truy nhp gi ng ln tc cao (HSUPA) c 3GPP
chun ha trong R6 v thng 12 nm 2004. C hai HSDPA v HSUPA c gi
chung l HSPA. Cc mng HSDPA u tin c a vo thng mi vo nm
2005 v HSUPA c a vo thng mi vo nm 2007. Cc thng s tc
nh ca R6 HSPA c cho trong bng 4.1.
Bng 4.1. Cc thng s tc nh R6 HSPA
Tc nh (Mbps)
HSDPA (R6)
14,4
HSUPA (R6)
5,7
78
Tc s liu nh ca HSDPA lc u l 1,8Mbps v tng n 3,6 Mbps

v 7,2Mbps vo nm 2006 v 2007, tim nng c th t n trn 14,4Mbps
nm 2008. Trong giai on u tc nh HSUPA l 1-2Mbps trong giai on
hai tc ny c th t n 4-5,7 Mbps vo nm 2008.
HSPA c trin khai trn WCDMA hoc trn cng mt sng mang hoc
s dng mt sng mang khc t c dung lng cao (xem hnh 4.1).
Hnh 4.1. Trin khai HSPA vi sng mang ring (f2) hoc chung sng mang vi
WCDMA (f1).
HSPA chia s chung h tng mng vi WCDMA. nng cp WCDMA
ln HSPA ch cn b sung phn mm v mt vi phn cng nt B v RNC.
Lc u HSPA c thit k cho cc dch v tc cao phi thi gian
thc, tuy nhin R6 v R7 ci thin hiu sut ca HSPA cho VoIP v cc ng
dng tng t khc.
Khc vi WCDMA trong tc s liu trn cc giao din nh nhau
(384 kbps cho tc cc i chng hn), tc s liu HSPA trn cc giao din
khc nhau. Hnh 4.2 minh ha iu ny cho HSDPA. Tc nh (14,4Mbps
trn 2 ms) ti u cui ch xy ra trong thi im iu kin knh truyn tt v th
tc trung bnh c th khng qu 3Mbps. m bo truyn lu lng mang
tnh cm ny, nt cn c b m lu li lu lng v b lp biu truyn
lu lng ny trn h tng mng.
Hnh 4.2. Tc s liu khc nhau trn cc giao din (trng hp HSDPA)
4.3. KIN TRC NGN XP GIAO THC GIAO DIN V TUYN HSPA
CHO S LIU NGI S DNG
Hnh 4.3 cho thy kin trc giao din v tuyn HSDPA v HSUPA cho s
liu ngi s dng. Mt phng bo hiu khng c th hin trn hnh 4.3
79
(trong mt phng ny bo hiu c ni n RLC sau c a ln DCH hay

HSDPA hoc HSUPA). S liu t cc dch v khc nhau c nn tiu IP ti
PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol). MAC-hs (High Speed: tc cao)
thc hin chc nng lp biu nhanh da trn nt B.
i vi HSDPA chc nng MAC mi (MAC-hs) c t trong nt B
x l pht li nhanh da trn HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request: yu
cu pht li t ng lai ghp), lp biu v u tin.
i vi HSUPA chc nng MAC mi (MAC-e) c t trong nt B
x l pht li nhanh da trn HARQ, lp biu v u tin. Ti UE chc nng
MAC-e mi c s dng x l lp biu v HARQ di s iu khin ca
MAC-e trong nt B. Chc nng MAC mi (MAC-es) c t trong RNC
sp xp li th t gi trc khi chuyn ln cc lp trn. S sp xp li ny l cn
thit, v ca chuyn giao mm c th dn n cc gi t cc nt B khc nhau n
RNC khng theo th t.
MAC-hs: High Speed MAC: MAC tc cao

MAC-e: E-DCH MAC: MAC knh E-DCH, MAC-es: thc th MAC knh EDCH sp t li th t
Hnh 4.3. Kin trc giao din v tuyn HSDPA v HSUPA cho s liu ngi s
dng
Hnh 4.4 cho thy cc chc nng mi trong cc phn t ca WCDMA khi
a vo HSPA.
80
Hnh 4.4. Cc chc nng mi trong cc phn t ca WCDMA khi a vo

HSPA.
4.4. TRUY NHP GI TC CAO NG XUNG (HSDPA)
HSDPA c thit k tng thng lng s liu gi ng xung bng
cch kt hp cc cng ngh lp vt l: truyn dn kt hp pht li nhanh v
thch ng nhanh c truyn theo s iu khin ca nt B.
4.4.1 Truyn dn knh chia s
c im ch yu ca HSDPA l truyn dn knh chia s. Trong truyn
dn knh chia s, mt b phn ca tng ti nguyn v tuyn ng xung kh
dng trong (cng sut pht v m nh knh trong WCDMA) c coi l ti
nguyn chung c chia s ng theo thi gian gia cc ngi s dng. Truyn
dn knh chia s c thc hin thng qua knh chia s ng xung tc cao
(HS-DSCH: High-Speed Dowlink Shared Channel). HS-DSCH cho php cp
pht nhanh mt b phn ti nguyn ng xung truyn s liu cho mt
ngi s dng c th. Phng php ny ph hp cho cc ng dng s liu gi
thng c truyn theo dng cm v v th c cc yu cu v ti nguyn thay
i nhanh.
Cu trc c s thi gian v m ca HS-DSCH c cho trn hnh 4.5. Ti
nguyn m cho HS-DSCH bao gm mt tp m nh knh c h s tri ph 16
81
(xem phn trn ca hnh 4.5), trong s m c th s dng lp cu hnh cho

HS-DSCH nm trong khong t 1 n 15. Cc m khng dnh cho HS-DSCH
c s dng cho mc ch khc, chng hn cho bo hiu iu khin, cc dch
v MBMS hay cc dch v chuyn mch knh.
Hnh 4.5. Cu trc thi gian-m ca HS-DSCH

Phn di ca hnh 4.5 m t n nh ti nguyn m HS-DSCH cho tng
ngi s dng trn c s TTI=2ms (TTI: Transmit Time Interval: Khong thi
gian truyn dn). HSPDA s dng TTI ngn gim tr v ci thin qu trnh
bm theo cc thay i ca knh cho mc ch iu khin tc v lp biu ph
thuc knh (s xt trong phn di).
Ngoi vic c n nh mt b phn ca tng ti nguyn m kh dng,
mt phn tng cng sut kh dng ca phi c n nh cho truyn dn HSDSCH. Lu rng HS-DSCH khng c iu khin cng sut m c iu
khin tc . Trong trng hp s dng chung tn s vi WCDMA, sau khi
phc v cc knh WCDMA, phn cng sut cn li c th c s dng cho
HS-DSCH, iu ny cho php khai thc hiu qu tng ti nguyn cng sut kh
dng.
4.4.2. Lp biu ph thuc knh
Lp biu (Scheduler) iu khin vic dnh knh chia s cho ngi s
dng no ti mt thi im cho trc. B lp biu ny l mt phn t then cht
v quyt nh rt ln n tng hiu nng ca h thng, c bit khi mng c ti
cao. Trong mi TTI, B lp biu quyt nh HS-DSCH s c pht n ngi
(hoc cc ngi) s dng no kt hp cht ch vi c ch iu khin tc (ti
tc s liu no).
82
Dung lng h thng c th c tng ng k khi c xt n cc iu

kin knh trong quyt nh lp biu: lp biu ph thuc knh. V trong mt ,
cc iu kin ca cc ng truyn v tuyn i vi cc UE khc nhau thay i
c lp, nn ti tng thi im lun lun tn ti mt ng truyn v tuyn c
cht lng knh gn vi nh ca n (hnh 4.6). V th c th truyn tc s
liu cao i vi ng truyn v tuyn ny. Gii php ny cho php h thng
t c dung lng cao. li nhn c khi truyn dn dnh cho cc ngi
s dng c cc iu kin ng truyn v tuyn thun li thng c gi l
phn tp a ngi s dng v li ny cng ln khi thay i knh cng ln v
s ngi s dng trong mt cng ln. V th tri vi quan im truyn thng
rng phainh nhanh l hiu ng khng mong mun v rng cn chng li n,
bng cch lp biu ph thuc knh phainh c li v cn khai thc n.
Chin lc ca b lp biu thc t l khai thc cc thay i ngn hn (do
phainh a ng) v cc thay i nhiu nhanh nhng vn duy tr c tnh
cng bng di hn gia cc ngi s dng. V nguyn tc, s mt cng bng di
hn cng ln th dung lng cng cao. V th cn cn i gia tnh cng bng v
dung lng.
Hnh 4.6. Lp biu ph thuc knh cho HSDPA

Ngoi cc iu kin knh, b lp biu cng cn xt n cc iu kin lu
lng. Chng hn, s v ngha nu lp biu cho mt ngi s dng khng c s
liu i truyn dn cho d iu kin knh ca ngi s dng ny tt. Ngoi ra
mt s dch v cn c cho mc u tin cao hn. Chng hn cc dch v lung
i hi c m bo tc s liu tng i khng i di hn, trong khi cc
dch v nn nh ti xung khng c yu cu gt gao v tc s liu khng i
di hn.
Nguyn l lp biu ca HSDPA c cho trn hnh 4.7. Nt B nh gi
cht lng knh ca tng ngi s dng HSDPA tch cc da trn thng tin
phn hi nhn c t ng ln. Sau lp biu v thch ng ng truyn
c tin hnh theo gii thut lp biu v s u tin ngi s dng.
83
Hnh 4.7. Nguyn l lp biu HSDPA ca nt B
4.4.3. iu khin tc v iu ch bc cao

iu khin tc c coi l phng tin thch ng ng truyn cho
cc dch v truyn s liu hiu qu hn so vi iu khin cng sut thng c
s dng trong CDMA, c bit l khi n c s dng cng vi lp biu ph
thuc knh.
i vi HSDPA, iu khin tc c thc hin bng cch iu chnh
ng t l m ha knh v chn la ng gia iu ch QPSK v 16QAM. iu
ch bc cao nh 16QAM cho php t c mc s dng bng thng cao
hn QPSK nhng i hi t s tn hiu trn tp m (E b/N0) cao hn. V th 16
QAM ch yu ch hu ch trong cc iu kin knh thun li. Nt B la chn
tc s liu c lp cho tng TTI 2ms v c ch iu iu khin tc c th
bm cc thay i knh nhanh.
4.4.3.1. M ha knh HS-DSCH
Do m ha turbo c hiu nng vt tri m ha xn nn HS-DSCH ch
s dng m ha turbo. Nguyn l tng qut ca b m ha turbo nh sau (hnh
4.8a). Lung s a vo b m ha turbo c chia thnh ba nhnh, nhnh th
nht khng c m ha v cc bit ra ca nhnh ny c gi l cc bit h
thng, nhnh th hai v th ba c m ha v cc bit ra ca chng c gi l
cc bit chn l 1 v 2. Nh vy c mt bit vo th c ba bit ra, nn b m ha
turbo ny c t l m l r=1/3. T l ny c th gim nu ta b bt mt s bit
chn l v qu trnh ny c gi l c l (hnh 4.8b).
84
Hnh 4.8. M ha turbo v c l

4.4.3.2. iu ch HS-DSCH
HS-DSCH c th s dng iu ch QPSK v 16-QAM. Chm tn hiu
QPSK v 16QAM c cho trn hnh 4.9.
iu ch QPSK ch cho php mi k hiu iu ch truyn c hai bit,
trong khi iu ch 16QAM cho php mi k hiu iu ch truyn c bn
bit v th 16QAM cho php truyn tc s liu cao hn. Tuy nhin t hnh 4.9
ta thy khong cch gia hai im tn hiu trong chm tn hiu 16QAM li ngn
hn khong cch ny trong chm tn hiu QPSK v v th kh nng chu nhiu
v tp m ca 16QAM km hn QPSK.
85
Hnh 4.9. Chm tn hiu iu ch QPSK, 16-QAM v khong cch cc tiu gia
hai im tn hiu
4.4.3.3. Truyn dn thch ng trn c s iu ch v m ha knh thch ng
Truyn dn thch ng l qu trnh truyn dn trong tc s liu c
thay i ty thuc vo cht lng ng truyn: tc ng truyn c tng
khi cht lng ng truyn tt hn, ngc li tc ng truyn b gim.
thay i tc truyn ph hp vi cht lng knh, h thng thc hin thay i
s iu ch v t l m nn phng php ny c gi l iu ch v m ha
thch ng (AMC: Adaptive Modulation and Coding). Chng hn khi cht lng
ng truyn tt hn, h thng c th tng tc truyn dn s liu bng cch
chn s iu ch 16QAM v tng t l m bng 3/4 bng cch c l, tri li
khi cht lng truyn dn ti hn h thng c th gim tc truyn dn bng
cch s dng s iu ch QPSK v khng c l gim t l bng 1/3.
4.4.4. HARQ vi kt hp mm
HARQ vi kt hp mm cho php u cui yu cu pht li cc khi thu
mc li, ng thi iu chnh mn t l m hiu dng v b tr cc li gy ra do
c ch thch ng ng truyn. u cui gii m tng khi truyn ti m n
nhn c ri bo co v nt B v vic gii m thnh cng hay tht bi c 5ms
mt ln sau khi thu c khi ny. Cch lm ny cho php pht li nhanh chng
cc khi s liu thu khng thnh cng v gim ng k tr lin quan pht li
so vi pht hnh R3.
Nguyn l x l pht li HSDPA c minh ha trn hnh 4.10. u tin
gi c nhn vo b nh m ca nt B. Ngay c khi gi c gi i nt B
vn gi gi ny. Nu UE gii m tht bi n lu gi nhn c vo b nh m
v gi lnh khng cng nhn (NAK) n nt B. Nt B pht li c gi hoc ch
phn sa li ca gi ty thuc vo gi thuth kt hp gi ti UE. UE kt hp gi
pht trc vi gi c pht li v gii m. Trong trng hp gii m pha thu
tht bi, nt B thc hin pht li m khng cn RNC tham gia. My di ng
thc hin kt hp cc pht li. Pht theo RNC ch thc hin khi xy ra s c
hot ng lp vt l (li bo hiu chng hn). Pht li theo RNC s dng ch
cng nhn RLC, pht li RLC khng thng xuyn xy ra.
86
Hnh 4.10. Nguyn l x l pht li ca nt B

Khng nh HARQ truyn thng, trong kt hp mm, u cui khng loi
b thng tin mm trong trng hp n khng th gii m c khi truyn ti
m kt hp thng tin mm t cc ln pht trc vi pht li hin thi tng
xc sut gii m thnh cng. Tng phn d (IR) c s dng lm c s cho kt
hp mm trong HSDPA, ngha l cc ln pht li c th cha cc bit chn l
khng c trong cc ln pht trc. IR c th cung cp li ng k khi t l
m i vi ln pht u cao v cc bit chn l b sung lm gim tng t l m.
V th IR ch yu hu ch trong tnh trng gii hn bng thng khi u cui
gn trm gc v s lng cc m nh knh ch khng phi cng sut hn ch
tc s liu kh dng. Nt B iu khin tp cc bit c m ha s s dng
pht li c xt n dung lng nh kh dng ca UE.
Cc hnh 4.11 cho thy th d v s dng HARQ s dng m turbo c s
t l m r=1/3 cho kt hp phn d tng. Trong ln pht u gi bao gm tt c
cc bit thng tin cng vi mt s bit chn l c pht. n ln pht li ch cc
bit chn l khc vi cc bit chn l c pht trong gi trc l c pht. Kt
hp gi pht trc v gi pht sau cho ra mt gi c nhiu bit d sa li hn
v v th y l s kt hp phn d tng.
87
Hnh 4.11. HARQ kt hp phn d tng s dng m turbo

4.4.4. Kin trc
T cc phn trn ta thy rng cc k thut HSDPA da trn thch ng
nhanh i vi cc thay i nhanh trong cc iu kin knh. V th cc k thut
ny phi c t gn vi giao din v tuyn ti pha mng, ngha l ti nt B.
Ngoi ra mt mc tiu quan trng ca HSDPA l duy tr ti a s phn chia
chc nng gia cc lp v cc nt ca R3. Cn gim thiu s thay i kin trc,
v iu ny s n gin ha vic a HSDPA vo cc mng trin khai cng
nh m bo hot ng trong cc mi trng m khng phi tt c cc
u c nng cp bng chc nng HSDPA. V th HSDPA a vo nt B mt
lp con MAC mi, MA-hs, chu trch nhim cho lp biu, iu khin tc v
khai thc giao thc HARQ. Do vy ngoi tr cc tng cng cho RNC nh iu
khin cho php HSDPA i vi cc ngi s dng, HSDPA ch yu tc ng
ln nt B (hnh 4.12).
88
Hnh 4.12. Kin trc HSDPA

Mi UE s dng HSDPA s thu truyn dn HS-DSCH t mt ( phc
v). phc v chu trch nhim lp biu, iu khin tc , HARQ v cc chc
nng MAC-hs khc cho HSDPA. Chuyn giao mm ng ln c h tr
trong truyn dn s liu ng ln s thu c t nhiu v UE s nhn
c cc lnh iu khin cng sut t nhiu .
Di ng t mt h tr HSDPA n mt khng h tr HSDPA c x
l d rng. C th m bo dch v khng b gin on cho ngi s dng (mc
d ti tc s liu thp hn) bng chuyn mch knh trong RNC trong
ngi s dng c chuyn mch n knh dnh ring (DCH) trong khng c
HSDPA. Tng t, mt ngi s dng c trang b u cui c HSDPA c th
chuyn mch t knh ring sang HSDPA khi ngi ny chuyn vo c h tr
HSDPA.
Cu trc knh tng th ca HSDPA kt hp WCDMA c cho trn hnh
4.13.
Hnh 4.13. Cu trc knh HSDPA kt hp WCDMA

Di y ta tng kt chc nng ca cc knh trong HSDPA:
89
1.HS-DSCH (High Speed- Downlink Shared Channel) l knh truyn ti c

sp xp ln nhiu knh vt l HS-PDSCH truyn ti lu lng gi chia s
cho nhiu ngi s dng, trong mi HS-PDSCH c h s tri ph khng
i v bng 16. Cu hnh cc i ca HS-DSCH l 15SF16 (tng ng vi
tc nh khi iu ch 16QAM v t l m 1/1 l 14,4Mbps). Cc ngi s
dng chia s HS-DSCH theo s knh vt l HS-PDSCH (s m vi SF=16)
v khong thi gian truyn dn TTI=2ms.
2.HS-SCCH (High Speed-Shared Control Channel) s dng h s tri ph 128
v c cu trc thi gian da trn mt khung con c di 2ms bng di
ca HS-DSCH. Cc thng tin sau y c mang trn HS-SCCH:
S m nh knh
S iu ch
Kch thc khi truyn ti
Gi c pht l gi mi hay pht li (HARQ) hoc HARQ theo RNC
RLC
Phin bn d
Phin bn chm tn hiu
Khi HSDPA hot ng trong ch ghp theo thi gian, ch cn lp cu hnh
mt HS-SCCH, nhng kho HSDPA hot ng trong ch ghp theo m th
cn c nhiu HS-SCCH hn. Mt UE c th xem xt c nhiu nht l 4
HS-SCCH ty vo cu hnh c lp bi h thng.
3.HS-DPCCH (High Speed- Dedicated Physical Control Channel) ng ln
c h s tri ph 256 v cu trc t 3 khe 2ms cha cc thng tin sau y:
Thng tin phn hi (CQI: Channel Quality Indicator: ch th cht lng
knh) bo cho b lp biu nt B v tc s liu m UE mong mun
ACK/NAK (cng nhn v ph nhn) cho HARQ
4.DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) i cng vi HS-DPCCH
ng ln cha cc thng tin ging nh R3.
5.F-DPCH (Fractional- Dedicated Physical Channel) ng xung c h s
tri ph 256 cha thng tin iu khin cng sut cho 10 ngi s dng tit
kim ti nguyn m trong truyn dn gi
4.4.5. HSDPA MIMO
MIMO l mt trong tnh nng mi c a vo R7 tng cc tc s
liu nh thng qua truyn dn lung. Ni mt cch cht ch, MIMO (Multiple
Input Multiple Output) l mt cch th hin tng qut s s dng nhiu anten
c pha pht v pha thu. Nhiu anten c th c s dng tng li phn
tp v v th tng t s sng mang trn nhiu ti my thu. Tuy nhin thut ng
ny thng c s dng biu th truyn dn nhiu lp hay nhiu lung nh
l mt phng tin tng tc s liu n mc cc i c th trong mt knh
90
cho trc. V th MIMO hay ghp knh khng gian c th nhn nhn nh l mt
cng c ci thin thng lng ca ngi s dng u cui ging nh mt b
khuch i tc s liu. V bn cht, ci thin thng lng ca ngi s dng
u cui mt mc nht nh s dn n tng thng lng h thng.
Cc s MIMO c thit k khai thc mt s thuc tnh ca mi
trng truyn sng v tuyn nhm t c cc tc s liu cao bng cch
pht i nhiu lung s liu song song. Tuy nhin t c cc tc s liu
cao nh vy, cn m bo t s tn hiu trn nhiu cao tng ng ti my thu.
V th ghp knh khng gian ch yu c p dng cho cc nh hn hay vng
gn vi nt B, ni m thng thng t s tn hiu trn nhiu cao. Trong trng
hp khng th m bo t s tn hiu trn nhiu cao, nhiu anten thu m UE
c nng lc MIMO c trang b c th c s dng cho phn tp thu cho mt
lung pht n. V th mt UE c nng lc MIMO s m bo tc s liu cao
hn ti bin trong cc ln so vi mt UE tng ng ch c mt anten.
HSDPA MIMO h tr truyn dn hai lung. Mi lung c x l lp vt
l nh nhau (m ha, tri ph v iu ch ging nh trng hp HSDPA mt
lp). Sau m ha, tri ph v iu ch, tin m ha tuyn tnh da trn cc trng
s phn hi t UE c s dng trc khi lung s c sp xp ln hai anten
(hnh 4.14).
Hnh 4.14. S MIMO 2x2

S trn cng c th hot ng trong ch truyn dn mt lung.
Trong trng hp ny ch c mt lung s liu l c m ha v c truyn
ng thi trn c hai anten ging nh trng hp phn tp pht vng kn ca
WCDMA. S MIMO vi hai ch ny c gi l D-TxAA (Dual
Transmit Adaptive Array: dn thch ng pht kp). Trong mi trng di ng
thc t ch hai lung c s dng khi UE gn trm gc (ng truyn c
cht lng tt) v mt lung c s dng khi UE xa trm gc (ng truyn c
cht lng xu).
Vic a vo MIMO s nh hng ch yu ln qu trnh x l lp vt l;
nh hng ln lp giao thc l nh v cc lp trn ch yu nhn MIMO nh l
mt tc s liu cao hn.
91
4.4.6. Tng tc nh bng vic s dng MIMO v iu ch bc cao

16QAM/64QAM
Bng 4.2 cho thy qu trnh tng tc nh HSDPA bng vic s dng
MIMO kt hp vi iu ch bc cao 16QAM/64QAM i vi cc loi u cui
UE khc nhau.
Th loi
12
5/6
7/8
9
10
13
14
15
16
Bng 4.2. Cc loi u cui HSDPA khc nhau

S m
iu ch MIMO
T l m Tc
ha
bit nh
(Mbps)
5
QPSK
3/4
1,8
5
16QAM 3/4
3,6
10
16QAM 3/4
7,2
15
16QAM 3/4
10,1
15
16QAM Gn 1/1
14,0
15
64QAM 5/6
17,4
15
64QAM Gn 1/1
21,1
15
16QAM 2x2
5/6
23,4
15
16QAM 2x2
Gn 1/1
28
Pht hnh
ca 3GPP
R5
R5
R5
R5
R5
R7
R7
R7
R7
4.5. TRUY NHP GI TC CAO NG LN (HSUPA)

Ct li ca HSUPA cng s dng hai cng ngh c s nh HSDPA: lp
biu nhanh v HARQ nhanh vi kt hp mm. Cng ging nh HSDPA,
HSUPA s dng khong thi gian ngn 2ms cho TTI ng ln. Cc tng
cng ny c thc hin trong WCDMA thng qua mt knh truyn ti mi,
E-DCH (Enhanced Dedicated Channel: knh ring tng cng).
Mc d s dng cc cng ngh ging HSDPA, HSUPA cng c mt s
khc bit cn bn so vi HSDPA v cc khc bit ny nh hng ln vic thc
hin chi tit cc tnh nng:
Trn ng xung, cc ti nguyn chia s l cng sut v m u c
t trong mt nt trung tm (nt B). Trn ng ln, ti nguyn chia s l
i lng nhiu ng ln cho php, i lng ny ph thuc vo cng
sut ca nhiu nt nm phn tn (cc nt UE)
Trn ng xung b lp biu v cc b m pht c t trong cng
mt nt, cn trn ng ln b lp biu c t trong nt B trong khi
cc b m s liu c phn tn trong cc UE. V th cc UE phi thng
bo thng tin v tnh trng b m cho b lp biu
92
ng ln WCDMA v HSUPA khng trc giao v v th xy ra nhiu

gia cc truyn dn trong cng mt . Tri li trn ng xung cc knh
c pht trc giao. V th iu khin cng sut quan trng i vi
ng ln x l vn gn xa. E-DCH c pht vi khong dch
cng sut tng i so vi knh iu khin ng ln c iu khin
cng sut v bng cch iu chnh dch cng sut cho php cc i, b
lp biu c th iu khin tc s liu E-DCH. Tri li i vi HSDPA,
cng sut pht khng i ( mc nht nh) cng vi s dng thch
ng tc s liu.
Chuyn giao c E-DCH h tr. Vic thu s liu t u cui ti nhiu
l c li v n m bo tnh phn tp, trong khi pht s liu t nhiu
trong HSDPA l phc tp v cha chc c li lm. Chuyn giao mm
cn c ngha l iu khin cng sut bi nhiu gim nhiu gy ra
trong cc ln cn v duy tr tng tch ngc vi UE khng s dng EDCH
Trn ng xung, iu ch bc cao hn (c xt n hiu qu cng sut
i vi hiu qu bng thng) c s dng cung cp cc tc s liu
cao trong mt s trng hp, chng hn khi b lp biu n nh s lng
m nh knh t cho truyn dn nhng i lng cng sut truyn dn kh
dng li kh cao. i vi ng ln tnh hnh li khc; khng cn thit
phi chia s cc m nh knh i vi cc ngi s dng khc v v th
thng thng t l m ha knh thp hn i vi ng ln. Nh vy
khc vi ng ln iu ch bc cao t hu ch hn trn ng ln trong
cc v m v v th khng c xem xt trong pht hnh u ca
HSUPA.
4.5.1. Lp biu
i vi HSUPA, b lp biu l phn t then cht iu khin khi no v
ti tc s liu no mt UE c php pht. u cui s dng tc cng
cao, th cng sut thu t u cui ti nt B cng phi cng cao m bo t s
Eb/N0 (Eb=Pr/Rb, Pr l cng sut thu ti nt B cn Rb l tc bit c pht i t
UE) cn thit cho gii iu ch. Bng cch tng cng sut pht, UE c th pht
tc s liu cao hn. Tuy nhin do ng ln khng trc giao, nn cng sut
thu t mt UE s gy nhiu i vi cc u cui khc. V th ti nguyn chia s
i vi HSUPA l i lng cng sut nhiu cho php trong . Nu nhiu qu
cao, mt s truyn dn trong , cc knh iu khin v cc truyn dn ng ln
khng c lp biu c th b thu sai. Tri li mc nhiu qu thp cho thy rng
cc UE b iu chnh thi qu v khng khai thc ht ton b dung lng h
thng. V th HSUPA s dng b lp biu cho php cc ngi s dng c s
liu cn pht c php s dng tc s liu cao n mc c th nhng vn
m bo khng vt qu mc nhiu cc i cho php trong .
Nguyn l lp biu HSUPA c cho trn hnh 4.15.
93
Hnh 4.15. Nguyn l lp biu HSUPA ca nt B

Khc vi HSDPA, b lp biu v cc b m pht u c t ti nt B,
s liu cn pht c t ti cc UE i vi ng ln. Ti cng mt thi im
b lp biu t ti nt B iu phi cc tch cc pht ca cc UE trong . V th
cn c mt c ch thng bo cc quyt nh lp biu cho cc UE v cung cp
thng tin v b m t cc UE n b lp biu. Chng trnh khung HSUPA s
dng cc cho php lp biu pht i t b lp biu ca nt B iu khin tch
cc pht ca UE v cc yu cu lp biu pht i t UE yu cu ti nguyn.
Cc cho php lp biu iu khin t s cng sut gia E-DCH v hoa tiu c
php m u cui c th s dng; cho php ln hn c ngha l u cui c th
s dng tc s liu cao hn nhng cng gy nhiu nhiu hn trong . Da
trn cc kt qu o c mc nhiu tc thi, b lp biu iu khin cho php lp
biu trong tng u cui duy tr mc nhiu trong ti mc quy nh (hnh
4.16).
Trong HSDPA, thng thng mt ngi s dng c x l trong mt
TTI. i vi HSUPA, trong hu ht cc trng hp chin lc lp biu ng
ln c th thc hin lp biu ng thi cho nhiu ngi s dng. L do v mt
u cui c cng sut nh hn nhiu so vi cng sut nt B: mt u cui khng
th s dng ton b dung lng mt mnh.
94
Hnh 4.16. Chng trnh khung lp biu ca HSUPA

Nhiu gia cc cng cn c iu khin. Thm ch nu b lp biu
cho php mt UE pht ti tc s liu cao trn c s mc nhiu ni chp
thun c, nhng vn c th gy nhiu khng chp nhn c i vi cc ln
cn. V th trong chuyn giao mm, phc v chu trch nhim chnh cho hat
ng lp biu, nhng UE gim st thng tin lp biu t tt c cc m UE nm
trong chuyn giao mm. Cc khng phc v yu cu tt c cc ngi s dng
m n khng phc v h tc s liu E-DCH bng cch pht i ch th qu ti
trn ng xung. C ch ny m bo hot ng n nh cho mng.
Lp biu nhanh cung cp mt chin lc cho php kt ni mm do hn.
V c ch lp biu cho php x l tnh trng trong nhiu ngi s dng cn
pht ng thi, nn s ngi s dng s liu gi tc cao mang tnh cm c
cho php ln hn. Nu iu ny gy ra mc nhiu cao khng th chp nhn
c trong h thng, th b lp biu c th phn ng nhanh chng hn ch
cc tc s liu m cc UE c th s dng. Khng c lp biu nhanh, iu
khin cho php c th chm tr hn v phi dnh mt d tr nhiu trong h
thng trong trng hp nhiu ngi s dng hot ng ng thi.
4.5.2. HARQ vi kt hp mm
HARQ nhanh vi kt hp mm c HSUPA s dng vi mc ch c
bn ging nh HSDPA: m bo tnh bn vng chng li cc sai li truyn
dn ngu nhin. S c s dng ging nh i vi HSDPA. i vi tng
khi truyn ti c pht trn ng ln, mt bit c pht t nt B n UE
thng bo gii m thnh cng (ACK) hay yu cu pht li khi truyn ti thu b
mc li (NAK).
im khc bit chnh so vi HSDPA bt ngun t vic s dng chuyn
giao mm trn ng ln. Khi UE nm trong chuyn giao mm, ngha l giao
thc HARQ kt cui ti nhiu . V th trong nhiu trng hp s liu truyn
dn c th c thu thnh cng ti mt s nt B nhng li tht bi ti cc nt B
khc. Nhn t pha UE, iu ny l , v t nht mt nt B thu thnh cng s
95
liu. V th trong chuyn giao mm tt c cc nt B lin quan u gii m s liu

v pht ACK hoc NAK. Nu UE nhn c ACK t nht t mt nt B, UE coi
rng s liu c thu thnh cng.
HARQ vi kt hp mm c th c khai thc khng ch m bo tnh
bn vng chng li nhiu khng d bo c m cn ci thin hiu sut ng
truyn tng dung lng v (hoc) vng ph. Cc bit c m ha b sung ch
c pht khi cn thit. V th t l m sau cc ln pht li c xc nh theo
t l m cn thit cho iu kin knh tc thi. y cng chnh l mc tiu m
thch ng tc c gng t c, im khc chnh l thch ng tc c gng
tm ra t l m ph hp trc khi pht.
4.5.3. Kin trc
hot ng hiu qu, b lp biu phi c kh nng khai thc cc thay
i nhanh theo mc nhiu v cc iu kin ng truyn. HARQ vi kt hp
mm cng cho li t cc pht li nhanh v iu ny gim chi ph cho cc pht
li. V th hai chc nng ny phi c t gn giao din v tuyn. V th cng
ging nh HSDPA, cc chc nng lp biu v HARQ ca HSUPA c t ti
nt B. Ngoi ra cng ging nh i vi HSDPA, cng cn m bo gi nguyn
cc lp cao hn lp MAC. V th mt m, iu khin cho php vn t di
quyn iu khin ca RNC. iu ny cho php a HSUPA m vo cc vng
c chn la; trong cc khng h tr truyn dn E-DCH, c th s dng
chuyn mch knh sp xp lung s ca ngi s dng ln DCH.
Ging nh trit l thit k HSDPA, mt thc th MAC mi (MAC-e)
c a vo UE v nt B. Trong nt B, MAC-e chu trch nhim truyn ti cc
pht li HARQ v lp biu, cn trong UE, chiu trch nhim chn la tc s
liu trong cc gii hn do b lp biu trong MAC-e ca nt B t ra.
Khi UE nm trong chuyn giao mm vi nhiu nt B, cc khi truyn ti
khc nhau c th c gii m ng ti cc nt B khc nhau. Kt qu l mt
khi truyn ti c th c thu ng ti mt nt B, trong khi mt nt B khc
vn tham gia v cc pht li ca mt khi truyn ti c pht sm hn. V th
m bo chuyn cc khi truyn ti ng trnh t n giao thc RLC, cn c
chc nng sp xp li th t trong RNC dng mt thc th mi: MAC-es.
Trong chuyn giao mm, nhiu thc th MAC-e c s dng cho mt UE v s
liu c thu t nhiu . Tuy nhin MAC-e trong phc v chu trch nhim
chnh cho lp biu; MAC-e trong khng phc v ch yu x l giao thc
HARQ (hnh 4.17).
96
Hnh 4.17. Kin trc mng c lp cu hnh E-DCH (v HS-DSCH).

Hnh 4.18. cho thy cc knh cn thit cho HSUPA. E-DCH c sp xp
ln mt tp cc m nh knh ng ln c gi l cc knh s liu vt l ring
ca E-DCH (E-DPDCH). Ph thuc vo tc s liu tc thi, s cc EDPDCH v cc h s tri ph c th thay i. Ngoi knh s liu E-DCH cn c
cc knh bo hiu cho n nh sau. Cc knh E-AGCH (E-DCH Absolute Grant
Channel: knh cho php tuyt i ca E-DCH) v E-RGCH (E-DCH Relative
Grant Channel: knh cho php tng i ca E-DCH) l cc knh h tr cho
iu khin lp biu. Knh E-HICH (E-DCH HARQ Indicator Channel: knh ch
th HARQ ca E-DCH) l knh h tr cho pht li s dng c ch HARQ.
Hnh 4.18. Cc knh cn thit cho mt UE c kh nng HSUPA

Khng nh HSDPA, HSUPA khng h tr iu ch thch ng v n
khng h tr cc s iu ch bc cao. L do l cc s iu ch bc cao
phc tp hn v i hi pht nhiu nng lng trn mt bit hn, v th n
97
gin ng ln s dng s iu ch BPSK kt hp vi truyn dn nhiu m

nh knh song song.
Tng kt cc knh ng ln cn thit cho hot ng ca E-DCH c
minh ha trn hnh 4.19 cng vi cc knh s dng cho HSDPA.
Cc knh mi c a vo cho HSUPA c th hin bng cc ng t nt

Hnh 4.19. Cu trc knh tng th vi HSDPA v HSUPA.
V ng ln khng trc giao theo thit k, nn cn thit iu khin cng
sut nhanh x l vn gn xa. E-DCH khng khc vi mi knh ng ln
khc v v th cng sut c iu khin theo cch ging nh cc knh ng
ln khc. Nt B o t s tn hiu trn nhiu v pht i cc lnh iu khin cng
sut trn ng xung n UE iu chnh cng sut pht ca UE. Cc lnh
iu khin cng sut c th c pht bng cch s dng DPCH hay tit
kim cc m nh knh bng F-DPCH.
Di y ta tng kt cc knh ca HSUPA:
1.E-DPCH bao gm hai knh truyn ng thi: E-DPDCH v DPCCH.
EDPDCH c h s tri ph kh bin t 2 n 256 vi cu hnh cc i
2xSF2+2SF4 (tc s liu nh bng 5,76 Mbps vi t l m ha 1/1).
Khong thi gian truyn dn (TTI) ca E-DPDCH c th l 2ms (tc s
liu ln hn 2Mbps) hoc 10ms (tc s liu bng hoc di 2Mbps).
DPCCH truyn ng thi vi E-DPDCH cha cc thng tin hoa tiu v iu
khin cng sut (TPC).
2.E-DPCCH l knh vt l mi ng ln tn ti song song vi E-DPDCH
truyn thng tin ngoi bng lin quan n truyn dn E-DPDCH. E-DPCCH
c h s tri ph 256 cha cc thng tin sau:
E-TFCI (Enhanced-Transport Format Combination Indicator: ch th kt
hp khun dng truyn ti) thng bo cho my thu nt B v kch thc
khi truyn ti c mang trn cc E-DPDCH. T thng tin ny my thu
rt ra s knh E-DPDCH v h s tri ph c s dng
S th t pht li (RSN: Retransmission Sequence Number) thng bo
v s th t ca khi truyn ti hin thi c pht trong chui HARQ.
98
Bit hnh phc thng bo rng UE c hi lng vi tc hin thi

(cng sut tng i n nh cho n) hay khng v n c th s dng
c n nh cng sut cao hn hay khng.
3.HICH (HARQ Indicator Channel: knh ch th HARQ) l knh vt l ng
xung truyn ACK hoc NAK cho HARQ.
4.E-RGCH (E-DCH Relative Grant Channel: knh cho php tng i E-DCH)
l knh vt l ng xung mi pht lnh tng/gim mt nc cng sut ca
lp biu (thng ch 1dB) so vi gi tr tuyt i c n nh bi knh EAGCH. E-RGCH c s dng cho cc iu chnh nh trong khi ang xy ra
truyn s liu. 20E-RGCH c ghp chung vi 20HICH trn c s 40 ch
k vo mt DPDCH c m nh knh vi h s tri ph 128
5.E-AGCH (E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel: knh cho php tuyt i) l knh
vt l ng xung mi c m nh knh vi h s tri ph 128 ch th
mc cng sut chnh xc ca E-DPDCH so vi DPCCH. E-AGCH cha:
Gi tr cho php tuyt i ch th t s cng sut E-DPDCH/DPCCH m
UE c th s dng
Phm vi cho php tuyt i cho php hoc cm UE pht theo HARQ
S nhn dng UE s/th cp cho php UE xc nh knh E-AGCH ny c
dnh cho n hay khng
4.5.4. Cc loi u cui HSUPA
C su loi u cui HSUPA trong R6 vi tc nh t 0,72Mbps n
5.76Mbps. Bng lit k cc kh nng ca cc loi u cui HSUPA trong R6.
Bng 4.3. Cc loi u cui R6 HSUPA
Th
S m cc i TTI c H s tri Tc s Tc s
loi
s dng ng h tr
ph
E- liu nh liu nh
thi cho EDPCH thp lp 1 vi lp 1 vi
DPCH
nht
TTI=10ms TTI=2ms
1
1
10
4
0,72
N/A*
2
2
2,10
4
1,45
1,45
3
2
10
4
1,45
N/A
4
2
2, 10
2
2
2,91
5
2
10
2
2
N/A
6
4 (2SF4+2SF2) 2,10
2
2
5,76
* N/A: khng p dng
Nh vy R6 c th c ba loi thit b:
Thit b ch cho DCH
Thit b c kh nng c DCH v HSDPA
99
Thit b c kh nng c DCH, HSDPA v HSUPA

4.6. CHUYN GIAO TRONG HSDPA
Trong HSDPA ch c chuyn giao cng. Tn ti cc kiu chuyn giao sau
y trong HSDPA:
Chuyn giao trong cng mt RNC
Chuyn giao gia cc RNC
Chuyn giao t knh HS-DSCH sang DCH
thc hin chuyn giao UE phi bo cho SRNC v tt nht. Trng
phn di y ta s xt qu trnh xc nh tt nht.
4.6.1. Xc nh tt nht v chuyn giao
Qu trnh xc nh (on ) tt nht v chuyn giao c m t trn
hnh 4.20.
Hnh 4.20. S kin o v bo co (on ) phc v HS-DSCH tt nht

Da trn kt qu o Ec/I0 trn knh P-CPICH ca cc nm trong tp tch
cc ca chuyn giao mm ng ln (thm ch c th c cc hay on nm
trong tp ng c), UE bo co phc v HS-DSCH tt nht cho SRNC n
quyt nh chuyn giao cng cho HS-DSCH. Hnh 4.20 cho thy 2 (on ) l
100
c chn v sau khong thi gian T+ D th HS-DSCH 1 c chuyn

sang 2.
4.6.2. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia cc (hay on ) trong cng mt RNC
Qu trnh chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai on ca cng mt nt B
c minh ha trn hnh 4.21. Sau khi quyt nh chuyn giao, SRNC gi bn
tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c ng b n cc nt lin quan B v
ng thi gi bn tin RRC v t li cu hnh knh vt l n UE chng thc
hin chuyn giao. Qu trnh chuyn giao t nt B ny sang nt B khc thuc
cng mt RNC cng xy ra tng t.
Hnh 4.21. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai on thuc cng mt nt B

4.6.3. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai cc (on ) thuc hai RNC khc nhau
Qu trnh chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai (on ) thuc hai RNC khc
nhau c minh ha trn hnh 4.22. Sau khi SRNC quyt nh chuyn giao,
n gi bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c ng b n cc nt B
lin quan v ng thi gi bn tin RRC t li cu hnh knh vt l n UE
thc hin chuyn giao. Trong trng hp ny bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v
tuyn c SRNC gi n nt B ch thng qua DRNC.
101
Hnh 4.22. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia cc on thuc hai RNC khc nhau
4.6.4. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH sang ch c DCH
Hnh 4.23 minh ha qu trnh chuyn giao HS-DSCH t (on ) c
HS-DSCH sang mt nt B ch c DCH. Sau khi SRNC quyt nh chuyn
giao, n gi bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c ng b n cc
nt B lin quan v ng thi gi bn tin RRC v t li cu hnh knh vt l n
ngi s dng chng thc hin chuyn giao. Trong trng hp ny bn tin
t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c SRNC gi n nt B ch thng qua
DRNC
102
Hnh 4.23. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH t nt B c HS-DSCH sang mt nt B ch c

DCH.
4.7. TNG KT
HSPA l cng ngh tng cng cho 3G WCDMA cn c gi l 3G+.
HSPA l cng ngh truyn dn gi ph hp cho truyn thng a phng tin IP
bng rng. HSDPA s dng knh chia s ng xung trn c s ghp nhiu
knh m vi h s tri ph SF=16, trong ti a s knh m dnh cho lu
lng ln n 15 v mt knh m c dnh cho bo hiu v iu khin.
HSUPA s dng knh tng cng E-DCH truyn lu lng. C HSDPA v
HSUPA u s dng truyn dn thch ng trn c s lp biu v HARQ. Truyn
dn thch ng l cng ngh trong ti nguyn v tuyn dc phn b cho
ngi s dng da trn tnh trng ca knh truyn sng tc thi n ngi s
dng ny: (1) nu iu kin truyn sng tt ngi s dng c phn phi nhiu
ti nguyn hn, ngc li ngi ny c phn phi t ti nguyn. HSDPA s
dng phn phi ti nguyn theo m hoc thi gian trong cng sut truyn dn
khng i v tc truyn dn c th thay i s lng m, s khe c cp
pht hoc bng cch thay i s truyn dn (AMC: Adaptive Modulation and
Coding: m ha v iu ch thch ng), cn HSUPA s dng phn phi ti
nguyn theo cng sut vi iu kin cng sut c cp pht cho mi my di
ng khng gy nhiu cho cc my khc. Khi c cp pht cng sut cao hn
my di ng c th truyn dn tc cao hn bng cch s dng nhiu m hn
cho knh E-DCH hay gim h s tri ph SF nhng khng thay i s truyn
dn (iu ch lun l BPSK). C hai HSDPA v HSUPA u s dng HARQ,
trong bn tin c yu cu pht li c lu trong b nh m sau kt
hp vi bn tin c pht li to thnh mt bn tin tt hn trc khi x l li.
C ch pht li vi phn d tng cho php mi ln pht li ch cn pht li mt
b phn ca phn d cha c pht v th tit kim c dung lng ng
truyn. im khc bit gia HSDPA v HSUPA l HSDPA khng s dng iu
khin cng sut v chuyn giao mm tri li HSUPA s dng c hai k thut
ny, ngoi ra HSUPA ch s dng mt kiu iu ch BPSK v th n khng p
dng k thut iu ch m m ha thch ng (AMC: Adaptive Modulation and
Coding). Cui chng chuyn giao cng cho HSDPA c trnh by cho. Trong
HSDPA ch c chuyn giao cng. thc hin chuyn giao, UE phi o t s
tn hiu trn nhiu knh P-CPICH ca tt c cc hoc cc on nm trong
tp tch cc (thm ch c th c trong tp ng c). T kt qu o n gi bo co
v tt nht n SRNC. SRNC s quyt nh chuyn giao.
103
Thut ng v vit tt
2G
3G
3GPP
3GPP2
AICH
AMC
AMR
ARQ
APAICH
ATM
BCCH
BCH
BER
BLER
BPSK
BS
BTS
CC
CDMA
CD/CAICH:
CN
CPCH
CPICH
CQI
CRC
CS
CSICH
DCCH
DCH
DL
DPCCH
Second Generation
Th h th 2
Third Generation
Th h th ba
3ird Genaration Partnership Project n cc i tc th h th ba
3ird Generation Patnership Project 2 n i tc th h th ba 2
Acquisition Indication Channel
Knh ch th bt
Adaptive Modulation and Coding M ha v iu ch thch ng
Adaptive MultiRate
a tc thch ng
Automatic Repeat-reQuest
Yu cu pht li t ng
Access Preamble Acquisition
Knh ch th bt tin t truy nhp
Indicator Channel
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Ch truyn d b
Broadcast Control Channel
Knh iu khin qung b
Broadcast Channel
Knh qung b
Bit Error Rate
T s li bit
Block Error Rate
T s li khi
Binary Phase Shift Keying
Kha chuyn pha hai trng thi
Base Station
Trm gc
Base Tranceiver Station
Trm thu pht gc
Convolutional Code
M xon
Code Division Multiple Access
a truy nhp phn chia theo m
CPCH Collision Detection/ Channel Knh ch th pht hin va chm
Assignment Indicator Channel
CPCH/n nh knh
Core Network
Mng li
Common Packet Channel
Knh gi chung
Common Pilot Channel
Knh hoa tiu chung
Channel Quality Indicator
Ch th cht lng knh
Cyclic Redundancy Check
Kim tra vng d
Circuit Switch
Chuyn mch knh
CPCH Status Indicator Channel
Knh ch th trng thi CPCH
Dedicated Control Channel
Knh iu khin ring
Dedicated Channel
Knh iu khin
Downlink
ng xung
Dedicated Physycal Control
Knh iu khin vt l ring
Channel
104
DPCH
DPDCH
DRX
DSCH
DSSS
EAGCH
E-DCH
EDGE
Dedicated Physical Channel

Dedicated Physical Data Channel
Discontinuous Reception
Downlink Shared Channel
Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum
Knh vt l ring
Knh s liu vt l ring
Thu khng lin tc
Knh chia s ng xung
Tri ph chui trc tip
Knh cho php tuyt i tng
Enhanced Absolute Grant Channel cng
Enhanced Dedicated Channel
Knh ring tng cng
Tc s liu tng cng pht
Enhanced Data rates for GPRS
trin GPRS
Evolution
EIR
Equipment Identity Register
EEnhanced Dedicated Control
DPCCH Channel
B ghi nhn dng thit b

Knh iu khin ring tng cng
EEnhanced Dedicated Data Channel Knh s liu ring tng cng

DPDCH
ERGCH
FACH
FDD
Enhanced Relative Grant Channel

Forward Access Channel
Frequency Division Duplex
Knh cho php tng i tng

cng
Knh truy nhp ng xung
Ghp song cng phn chia theo
thi gian
F-DPCH Fractional DPCH

DPCH mt phn (phn on)
GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network Mng truy nhp v tuyn GSM
EDGE
GGSN
GPRS
GSM
Gateway GPRS Support Node

General Packet Radio Service
Global System For Mobile
Communications
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
HHO
Hard Handover
HLR
Home Location Register
HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet
Access
Nt h tr GPRS cng
Dch v v tuyn gi chung
H thng thng tin di ng tan
cu
Yu cu pht li t ng linh hot
Chuyn giao cng
B ghi nh v thng tr
Truy nhp hi ng xung tc
cao
HSHigh-Speed Dedicated Physical

DPCCH Control Channel
HSHigh-Speed Dedicated Shared
Knh iu khin vt l ring tc

cao
Knh chia s ring tc cao
105
DSCH
Channel
HSPA
HSPDSCH
HSS
HSSCCH
High Speed Packet Access

Truy nhp gi tc cao
High-Speed Physical Dedicated
Knh chia s ring vt l tc
Shared Channel
cao
Home Subsscriber Server
Server thu bao nh
High-Speed Shared Control Channel Knh iu khin chia s tc
cao
HSUPA
Truy nhp gi ng ln tc
cao
Phn h a phng tin IP
Thng tin di ng quc t 2000
High-Speed Uplink Packet Access

IMS
IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMTInternational Mobile
2000
Telecommunications 2000
IP
Internet Protocol
Giao thc Internet
IPv4
IP version 4
Phin bn IP bn
IPv6
IP version 6
Phin bn IP su
IR
Incremental Redundancy
Phn d tng
Iu
Giao din c s dng thng tin gia RNC v mng li
Iub
Giao din c s dng thng tin gia nt B v RNC
Iur
Giao din c s dng thng tin gia cc RNC
LTE
Long Term Evolution
Pht trin di hn
MAC
Medium Access Control
iu khin truy nhp mi trng
MIMO Multi-Input Multi-Output
Nhiu u vo nhiu u ra
MMS Multimedia Messaging Service
Dch v nhn tin a phng tin
MSC Mobile Services Switching Center Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch
v di ng
NodeB Nt B
OVSF Orthogonal Variable Spreading
Factor
PAPR
Peak to Average Power Ratio
PPrimary Common Control Physical
CCPCH Channel
PCH
Paging Channel
PCPCH Physical Common Packet Channel
PDCP Packet-Data Convergence Protocol
H s tri ph kh bin trc giao

T s cng sut nh trn cng
sut trung bnh
Knh vt l iu khin chung s
cp
Knh tm gi
Knh vt l gi chung
Giao thc hi t s liu gi
106
PDSCH
PHY
PICH
PRACH
PS
PSTN
Physical Downlink Shared Channel Knh chia s ng xung vt l

Physical Layer
Lp vt l
Page Indication Channel
Knh ch th tm gi
Physical Random Access Channel Knh vt l truy nhp ngu nhin)
Packet Switch
Chuyn mch gi
Public Switched Telephone NetworkMng in thoi chuyn mch
cng cng
QAM
QoS
QPSK
RACH
RAN
RAT
RF
RLC
RNC
RRC
RTP
SCCPCH
SCH
SF
SGSN
SIM
SMS
SNR
SHO
TDD
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

Quality of Service
Quatrature Phase Shift Keying
Random Access Channel
Radio Access Network
Radio Access Technology
Radio Frequency
Radio Link Control
Radio Network Controller
Radio Resource Control
Real Time Protocol
Secondary Common Control
Physical Channel
Synchronization channel
Spreading Factor
Serving GPRS Support Node
Subscriber Identity Module
Short Message Service
Signal to Noise Ratio
Soft Handover
Time Division Duplex
TDM
Time Division Multiplex
TDMA
TFC
TFCI
Time Division Mulptiple Access

Transport Format Combination
Transport Format Combination
Indicator
iu ch bin vung gc
Cht lng dch v
Kha chuyn pha vung gc
Knh truy nhp ngu nhin
Mng truy nhp v tuyn
Cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn
Tn s v tuyn
iu khin lin kt v tuyn
B iu khin mng v tuyn
iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn
Giao thc thi gian thc
Knh vt l iu khin chung s
cp
Knh ng b
H s tri ph
Nt h tr GPRS phc v
Moun nhn dng thu bao
Dch v nhn tin
T s tn hiu trn tp m
Chuyn giao mm
Ghp song cng phn chia theo
thi gian
Ghp knh phn chia theo thi
gian
a truy nhp phn chia theo thi
gian
Kt hp khun dng truyn ti
Ch th kt hp khun dng truyn
ti
107
TrCH
TTI
UE
UL
UMB
UMTS
USIM
UTRA
Transport Channel
Transmission Time Interval
User Equipment
Uplink
Ultra Mobile Broadband
Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
UMTS SIM
Knh truyn ti
Khang thi gian pht
Thit b ngi s dng
ng ln
Bng thng di ng siu rng
H thng thng tin di ng ton
cu
Truy nhp v tuyn mt t

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
UMTS
UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t
Network
UMTS
Uu
Giao din c s dng thng tin gia nt B v UE
WCDM Wideband Code Division Multiple a truy nhp phn chia theo m
A
Access
bng rng
WiFi
Wireless Fidelitity
Cht lng khng dy cao
WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for
Tng hp truy nhp vi ba ton
Microwave Access
cu
VoIP
Voice over IP
Thoi trn IP
108
109
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Sch Thng tin di ng th h ba, Nh
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
xut bn Bu in, 2001

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Sch cdmaOne v cdma2000, Nh xut
bn Bu in, 2003
TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Gio trnh Thng tin di ng th h ba,
Hc Vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng , Nh xut bn Bu in,
2004
TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Sch Mng ring o MNPN, Nh xut
bn Bu-in, 12/2005
TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Sch An ninh trong thng tin di ng,
Nh xut bn Bu-in, 9/2006
TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Bi ging Thng tin di ng cho o to
t xa, Hc Vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng 2007
TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Gio trnh L trnh pht trin thng tin di
ng 3G ln 4G, Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng, 12/2008
TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng. Ti liu WiMAX, Hc Vin Cng Ngh
Bu Chnh Vin Thng. 12/2008
110

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Tong Quan Dich Vu Mang Viettel Ts Nguyen Pham Anh Dung 110 Trang 8938

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LI NI U

(IMT tin tin) s c pht trin, y s l thi k pht trin ca 4G vi tc

B3G: Broad Band 3G: 3G bng rng

H ng ngy 12 thng 6 nm 2009

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

3.11. CC THNG S MY THU V MY PHT V TUYN CA

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

1.2. L TRNH PHT TRIN THNG TIN DI NG LN 4G

L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G c cho trn

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System

Hnh 1.2. Lch trnh nghin cu pht trin trong 3GPP

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

RAN: Radio Access Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn

PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network: mng in thoi chuyn mch

dung, kiu hay cu trc s liu thnh cc gi c kch thc ph hp v truyn

Hnh 1.5. Chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS).

o (VC). iu khin kt ni bng VC (tng ng vi knh ca ngi s dng)

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

Hnh 1.7. Thit lp kt ni tunnel trong chuyn mch tunnel

1.5. CC LOI LU LNG V DCH V C 3GWCDMA UMTS H

Vng 2: thnh ph, micro, Rb 384 kbps

Dch v chi tit

chuyn sang chuyn mch mm v th ton b mng truyn ti gia cc nt

Hnh 1.8. Kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS R3

UE (User Equipment: thit b ngi s dng) l u cui mng UMTS

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

UMTS IC card l mt card thng minh. iu m ta quan tm n n l

Hnh 1.9. Vai tr logic ca SRNC v DRNC

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

BG (Border Gatway: Cng bin gii) l mt cng gia min PS ca

Mi trng nh (HE: Home Environment) lu cc h s thu bao ca

B ghi nh v thng tr (HLR)

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

1.7. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R4

Hnh 1.10. Kin trc mng phn b ca pht hnh 3GPP R4

im ny. th d, ta gi thit rng nu ting giao din v tuyn c truyn

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

Bc pht trin tip theo ca UMTS l a ra kin trc mng a phng

Hnh 1.11. Kin trc mng 3GPP R5 v R6

CSCF qun l vic thit lp , duy tr v gii phng cc phin a phng

Hnh 1.12. Chuyn i dn t R4 sang R5

1.9. CHIN LC DCH CHUYN T GSM SANG UMTS

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

Hnh 1.13. Kin trc ng tn ti GSM v UMTS (pht hnh 3GR1.1)

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

Hnh 1.15. Kin trc RAN thng nht ca 3GR3.1

1.10. CU HNH A L CA H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G

Mi vng phc v MSC/VLR c chia thnh mt s vng nh v: LA

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

Hnh 1.18. Phn chia LA v RA

Hnh 1.19. Cc kiu mu

1.10.6. Tng kt phn chia vng a l trong cc h thng thng tin di ng 3G

Nguyn l tri ph v a truy nhp phn chia theo m

TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

2.2.2. p dng DSSS cho CDMA

3. C s bit 1 bng s bit -1 trong mt m N Ck = 0 , trong N l s

chip v Ck l gi tr chip k trong mt m

Bng 2.2. Th d nhn hai m ging nhau trong bng 1 c mt

Bng 2.1. Th d b tm m trc giao

Bng 2.3. Th d nhn hai m khc nhau trong bng 1 c mt m mi trong

Nu ta xt mt h thng gm K ngi s dng c xy dng trn c s

Ta xt qu trnh x l tn hiu ny ti mt my thu k. Nhim v ca my thu ny