Material Takeoff

COSC 621

Where are we?

1st Project

2nd Project

3rd Project

4th Project

Drawings

Construction
Method

Contingency
Analysis

Activity
Network

Work
Packages

Activity
Time & Cost

Total
Project Cost

Critical
Path

Material
Takeoff

Total
Project Time

5th Project

Cash Flow
Profile

Project Scope Definition

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General
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Size of plant capacity

Process units to be included
Type of plant feedstock
Products to be made, initial and future
Should plant be designed for minimum investment
Horizontal vs. stacked arrangement of equipment
Layout and provisions for future expansion
Any special relationships (e.g. involvements of
other companies)

Project Scope Definition

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Site Information
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Access to transportation; air, waterway, highway, railway

Access to utilities; water, sewer, electrical, fire protection
Climate conditions; moisture, temperature, wind
Soil conditions; surface, subsurface, bearing capacity
Terrain; special precautions for adjacent property
Acquisition of land; purchase, lease, expansion potential
Space available for construction

Project Scope Definition

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Buildings
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Number, types, and size of each

Occupancy; number of people, offices,
laboratories
Intended usage; offices, conferences, storage,
equipment
Special heating and cooling requirements
Quality of finish work and furnishings
Landscaping requirements
Parking requirements

Project Scope Definition

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Regulatory Requirements
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Permits; construction, operation, environmental,

municipal
Regulations and codes; local, state, federal
Safety; detection systems, fires, emergency
power
Environmental; air liquids, solids, wetlands
Preservations restrictions

Owners Needs and Project

Objectives
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What is needed vs. What is wanted

Without constraints of cost and schedule, focus
easily shifts from what is needed to what is wanted.
An optimization of quantity, quality, cost, and
schedule.
Vague owners needs lead to project changes,
scope growth, cost overruns, rework, and
misunderstandings among team members

Project Breakdown
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Production activities
z Activities that involve the use of resources such as labor,
material, equipment, or subcontractors
Procurement activities
z Activities that specify the time needed to procure for materials
and/or manufacture equipment that are needed for any
production activity
Management decision activities
z Activities that are related to management decisions such as
special delays or approvals
Hammock activities
z Activities that depend on other activities and are not needed for
themselves, eg. Dewatering that is required as long as
excavation is progressing
Dummy activities

Project Breakdown
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Master Format of CSI (Construction

Specifications Institute) for building
construction
Division 1: General Requirements
Division 2: Site Work
Division 3: Concrete
Division 4: Masonry
Division 5: Metals
Division 6: Wood and Plastics
Division 7: Thermal Moisture Protection
Division 8: Doors and Windows

Division 9: Finishes
Division 10: Specialties
Division 11: Equipment
Division 12: Furnishings
Division 13: Special Construction
Division 14: Conveying Systems
Division 15: Mechanical
Division 16: Electrical

Division 1: General Requirements

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01010 Summary of Work

01020 Allowances
01030 Special Project
Procedures
01040 Coordination
01050 Field Engineering
01060 Regulatory
Requirements
01070 Abbreviations and
Symbols
01080 Identification Systems
01100 Alternates/Alternatives

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01150 Measurement and

Payment
01200 Project Meetings
01300 Submittals
01400 Quality Control
01500 Construction Facilities
and Temporary Controls
01600 Material and Equipment
01650 Starting of Systems
01660 Testing, Adjusting, and
Balancing of Systems
01700 Contract Closeout
01800 Maintenance

Division 2 Site Work

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02010 Subsurface
Investigation
02050 Demolition
02110 Site Preparation
02140 Dewatering
02150 Shoring and
Underpinning
02160 Excavation Support
Systems
02170 Cofferdams
02200 Earthwork
02300 Tunneling
02350 Piles and Caissons
02450 Railroad Work

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02480 Marine work

02500 Paving and Surfacing
02600 Piped Utility Materials
02660 Water Distribution
02680 Fuel Distribution
02700 Sewage and Drainage
02760 Restoration of
Underground Pipelines
02770 Ponds and Reservoirs
02780 Power and
Communications
02800 Site Improvements
02900 Landscaping

Division 3 - Concrete
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03100 Concrete Formwork

03200 Concrete Reinforcement
03250 Concrete Accessories
03300 Cast-in-Place Concrete
03370 Concrete Curing
03400 Precast Concrete
03500 Cementitious Decks
03600 Grout
03700 Concrete Restoration and Cleaning
03800 Mass Concrete

Division 4 - Masonry
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04110 Mortar
04150 Masonry Accessories
04200 Unit Masonry
04400 Stone
04500 Masonry Restoration and Cleaning
04550 Refractories
04600 Corrosion Resistant Masonry

Division 5 - Metals
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05010 Metal Materials

05030 Metal Finishes
05050 Metal Fastening
05100 Structural Metal Framing
05200 Metal Joists
05300 Metal Decking
05400 Cold-Formed Metal Framing
05500 Metal Fabrications
05580 Sheet Metal Fabrications
05700 Ornamental Metal
05800 Expansion Control
05900 Hydraulic Structures

Division 6 Wood and Plastics

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06050 Fasteners and Adhesives

06100 Rough Carpentry
06130 Heavy Timber Construction
06150 Wood-Metal Systems
06170 Prefabricated Structural Wood
06200 Finish Carpentry
06300 Wood Treatment
06400 Architectural Woodwork
06500 Prefabricated Structural Plastics
06600 Plastic Fabrications

Division 7 Thermal and Moisture

Protection
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07100 Waterproofing
07150 Damproofing
07190 Vapor and Air Retarders
07200 Insulation
07250 Fireproofing
07300 Shingles and Roofing Tiles
07400 Preformed Roofing Cladding and Siding
07500 Membrane Roofing
07570 Traffic Topping
07600 Flashing and Sheet Metal
07700 Roof Specialties and Accessories
07800 Skylights
07900 Joint Sealers

Division 8 Door and

Windows
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08100 Metal Doors and Frames

08200 Wood and Plastic Doors
08250 Door Opening and Assembles
08300 Special Doors
08400 Entrances and Storefronts
08500 Metal Windows
08600 Wood and Plastic Windows
08650 Special Windows
08700 Hardware
08800 Glazing
08900 Glazed Curtain Walls

Division 9 - Finishes
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09100 Metal Support

Systems
09200 Lathe and Plaster
09230 Aggregate Coatings
09250 Gypsum board
09300 Tile
09400 Terrazzo
09500 Acoustical
Treatment
09540 Special Surfaces
09550 Wood Flooring

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09600 Stone Flooring

09630 Unit Masonry
Flooring
09650 Resilient Flooring
09680 Carpet
09700 Special Flooring
09780 Floor Treatment
09800 Special Coatings
09900 Painting
09950 Wall Coverings

Division 10 - Specialties
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10100 Chalkboards and Tack

Boards
10150 Compartments and
Cubicles
10200 Louvers and Vents
10240 Grilles and Screens
10250 Service Wall Systems
10260 Wall and Corner Guards
10270 Access Flooring
10280 Specialty Modules
10290 Pest Control
10300 Fireplaces and Stoves
10340 Prefabricated Exterior
Specialties
10350 Flagpoles

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10400 Identifying Devices

10460 Pedestrian Control Devices
10500 Lockers
10520 Fire Protection Specialties
10530 Protective Covers
10550 Postal Specialties
10600 Partitions
10650 Operable Partitions
10670 Storage Shelving
10700 Exterior Sun Control
Devices
10750 Telephone Specialties
10800 Scales
10900 Wardrobe and Closet
Specialties

Division 11 - Equipment
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11010 Maintenance Equipment

11020 Security and Vault Equipment
11030 Teller and Service Equipment
11040 Ecclesiastical Equipment
11050 Library Equipment
11060 Theater and Stage Equipment
11070 Instrumental Equipment
11080 Registration Equipment
11090 Checkroom Equipment
11100 Mercantile Equipment
11110 Commercial Landry and Dry Cleaning
Equipment
11120 Vending Equipment
11130 Audio-Visual Equipment
11140 Service Station Equipment
11150 Parking Control Equipment
11160 Loading Dock Equipment
11170 Solid Waste Handling Equipment

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11190 Detention Equipment

11200 Water Supply and Treatment
Equipment
11280 Hydraulic Gates and Valves
11300 Fluid Waste Treatment and Disposal
Equipment
11400 Food Service Equipment
11450 Residential Equipment
11460 Unit Kitchens
11470 Darkroom Equipment
11480 Athletic, Recreational and
Therapeutic Equipment
11500 Industrial and Process Equipment
11600 Laboratory Equipment
11650 Observatory Equipment
11700 Medical Equipment
11780 Mortuary Equipment
11850 Navigation Equipment

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Division 12 - Furnishings
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12050 Fabrics
12100 Artwork
12300 Manufactured Casework
12500 Window Treatment
12600 Furniture and Accessories
12670 Rugs and Mats
12700 Multiple Seating
12800 Interior Plants and Planters

Division 13 Special Construction

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13010 Air Supported Structures

13020 Integrated Assembles
13030 Special Purpose Rooms
13080 Sound, Vibration, and
Seismic Control
13090 Radiation Protection
13100 Nuclear Reactor
13120 Pre-Engineered Structures
13150 Pools
13160 Kennels and Animal
Shelters
13180 Site Constructed
Incinerators
13200 Liquid and Gas Storage
Tanks
13220 Filter Underdrains and
Media

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13230 Digestion Tank Covers and

Appurtenances
13240 Oxygenation Systems
13260 Sludge Conditioning
Systems
13300 Utility Control Systems
13400 Industrial and Process
Control Systems
13500 Recording Instrumentation
13550 Transportation Control
Instrumentation
13600 Solar Energy Systems
13700 Wind Energy Systems
13800 Building Automation
Systems
13900 Fire Suppression and
Supervisory System

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Division 14 Conveying Systems

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14100 Dumbwaiters
14200 Elevators
14300 Moving Stairs and Walks
14400 Lifts
14500 Material Handling Systems
14600 Hoists and Cranes
14700 Turntables
14800 Scaffolding
14900 Transportation Systems

Division 15 - Mechanical
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15050 Basic Mechanical Materials and Methods

15250 Mechanical Insulation
15300 Fire Protection
15400 Plumbing
15500 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
15550 Heat Generation
15650 Refrigeration
15750 Heat Transfer
15850 Air Handling
15880 air Distribution
15950 Controls
15990 Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing

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Division 16 - Electrical
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16050 Basic Electrical Materials and Methods

16200 Power Generation
16300 High Voltage Distribution (Above 600-Volt)
16400 Service and Distribution (600-Vlot and Below)
16500 Lighting
16600 Special Systems
16700 Communications
16850 Electric Resistance Heating
16900 Controls
16950 Testing

Project Breakdown
Project

WBS

Concrete
Foreman

Area 1

Area 2

Area 3

Beams

Columns

Slabs

Install
Framework

Place
Reinforcement

Pour
Concrete

Control Account

Rebar
Foreman
Formwork
Foreman

Electrical
Mechanical
Civil
Superintendent Superintendent Superintendent

Subcontractor
B
General
Contractor
Subcontractor
A

Project Manager

OBS

Project-Work package-Task-Resource-OBS level

Activity Code: 011-0311380550-001-1FLA1-GFF

Activity: Install Column Formwork Area 2
Responsibility: General Contractors Formwork Foreman
Quantity: 1200 sq.m
Estimated Duration: 5 days
Estimated Cost: $1200
Expected Crew Productivity: 20 sq.m/hr
Material: Prefabricated Column Forms = 1200 sq.m

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RS Means
Building Construction Cost Data
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Division Number/Title
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(033/Cast-in-Place Concrete)

Line Numbers
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Each unit price line item has been assigned a

unique 10-digit code based on the 5-digit CSI
Master Format classification.
Master Format
Division

Master Format
Medium scope

033 130 0300

Means
Subdivision

Means
Major
Classification

Means
Individual
Line Number

RS Means
Building Construction Cost Data
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Description
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Reference Number Information

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(Concrete in Place, etc.)

R033-010

Crew
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2 Carp: if an installation can be accomplished by

one trade and requires no power equipment
C-14A: if an installation requires a composite crew

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Crew
Crew No.
Crew C-14A
1 Carpenter Foreman (out)
16 Carpenters
4 Rodmen (reinf.)
2 Laborers
1 Cement Finisher
1 Equip. Oper. (med)
1 Gas Engine Vibrator
1 Concrete Pump (small)
200 L.H., Daily Totals

Bare Costs ($)

Hr.

Daily

28.45
26.45
29.45
20.65
25.40
27.55

227.60
3,385.60
942.40
330.40
203.20
220.40
37.20
632.80
5,979.60

Incl. Subs O&P ($)

Hr.
44.80
41.65
51.15
32.50
37.90
41.90

Cost Per
Labor-Hour

Daily

Bare
Costs

Incl.
O&P

358.40
5,331.20
1,636.80
520.00
303.20
335.20
40.90
696.10

26.55

42.42

3.35

3.69

9,221.80

29.90

46.11

Productivity: Daily Output

Daily Output
100 C.Y. 15.62 C.Y./Crew Day
= 6.40 Crew Days
Labor - Hours
100 C.Y. 12.804 Labor - Hours/C.Y.
= 1280 Labor - Hours

15

Bare Costs
Material : $207
Labor
$26.55 12.804 = $340
Equip.
$3.35 12.804 = $43
Total
$207 + $340 + $43 = $590

Total Costs Including O&P

Material is Bare Material Cost + 10%
= 207 + 20.70

= $228

Labor for Crew C-14A =

Labor-Hour Cost (42.42) x Labor-Hour
Units (12.804)
Equip. is Bare Equip. Cost + 10%
= 43 + 4.30

= $ 544

Total

= $820

= $48

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Earth Work
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Estimation of earthwork one of the most difficult

portions of the estimators work
Computation of quantity to be excavated or banked
may be easy
Figuring the cost for earthwork is difficult because of
the various hidden items that may affect the cost.
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Slope
Bracing or sheet-piling
Dewatering

Specifications
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What is the extent of work covered?

What happens to the excess excavated material?
Can it be left on the site or must it be removed?
If the excess must be removed, how far must it be hauled?
Who does the clearing and grubbing?
Who removes trees?
Must the topsoil be stockpiled for future use? Where?
Who is responsible for any trenching required for the electrical
and mechanical trades?

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Soil
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Type of soil
Soil borings
Site visitation
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Investigate the soil condition

Long-handled shovel or post-hole digger

Swell and Compaction

Percentage of Swell & Shrinkage
Material

Swell

Shrinkage

Sand and Gravel

10 to 18%

95 to 100%

Loam

15 to 25%

90 to 100%

Dense Clay

20 to 35%

90 to 100%

Solid Rock

40 to 60%

85%

Swell: % gained above the original volume

Shrinkage: % reduced from the original volume

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Determining Swell and Haul

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If 1,000 bank cubic yards (in place at natural density) of dense

clay (30 percent swell) needs to be hauled away, how many
cubic yards would have to be hauled away by truck?
Cubic yards of haul

= 1,000 cy x 1.3
= 1,300 cy

If 7 cy dump trucks will be used to haul this material away, how

many loads would be required?
Loads = 1,300 cy / 7 cy/load
= 186 loads

Determining Shrinkage and Haul

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If 500 cy in-place of sand/gravel is required, how

many loads would be required?
Required cy

= 500 in-place cy / .95

= 526 cy

If the 7 cy dump truck is used, how many loads

would be required?
Loads

= 526 cy / 7 cy/load
= 75 loads

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Earth Work
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Requires cutting and filling to reshape the

grade
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Cut and fill quantities be kept separate

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to see if the available cut material can be used for fill.

to estimate the amount of effort required to convert the
cut material into fill material.

What type of hauling equipment will be used?

Need for compaction equipment?

Sample Site Plan

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Contour line and spot

elevations
Contour lines connect
points of equal
elevation.
Existing elevations dashed contour lines
Proposed new
elevations - solid lines

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Cross-Section Method
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Dividing the site into a grid

and determining the cut of
fill for each of the girds
Size of the gird is a function
of
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Site
Required changes
Required level of accuracy
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The smaller the grid, the

more accurate the quantity
takeoff.

Cross-Section Method
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Determine the approximate current and

planned elevation for each grid line
intersection
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Contour lines rarely cross the grid intersections

Estimation is needed
Fill: Proposed elevation > Current elevation
Cutting: Planned elevation < Current elevation.

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Labeling Convention

Proposed Elevation

Cut

Current Elevation

Fill

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Fill Volume of Grid 13

Point

Planned
Elevation

Existing
Elevation

Fill (ft.)

F2

104.9

103.6

1.3

G2

104.5

103.0

1.5

F3

104.0

103.6

0.4

G3

105.0

103.2

1.8

1.3'+1.5'+0.4'+1.8'
2,500 sf
4
= 3,125cf

Fill =

Cut Volume of Grid 40

Point

Planned
Elevation

Existing
Elevation

Cut (ft.)

E6

104.0

104.1

0.1

F6

104.0

104.8

0.8

E7

103.6

103.6

0.0

F7

104.2

104.2

0.0

0.1'+0.8'+0.0'+0.0'
2,500sf
4
= 563cf

Cut =

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Cut and Fill in the Same Grid

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Total change in elevation (C-D)

=.3 +.7 = 1.0 change in elevation

Change in elevation per foot of run

(C-D)
= 1.0 / 50 = .02 per foot of run

How many feet must be moved

along the line until there has been a
.3-foot chane in elevation?
.3 / .02 per foot of run
= 15

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Cut and Fill in the Same Grid

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Fill area

= 15 x 50
= 750sf
Fill area
= .5 x 14 x 50
= 350sf
Total fill area = 750sf + 350sf
= 1,100sf

.3'+.4'+0'+0'
1,100sf
4
= 193cf of fill
.3'+.7'+0'+0'
1,400sf
4
= 350cf of cut

Cut and Fill

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Occasionally when the

grid is divided, a portion
of the grid will be
neither cut nor fill.

25

Estimate Work Sheet

Fill
Grid

Fill at Intersections
1

0.3

0.4

0.7

1.3

1.5

0.4

4
0

1.8

Cut

Pnts

Total

Ave.

Area

0.175

1100

193

0.7

0.3

0.233

287.5

67

0.7

0.8

1.25

2500

3,125
0.5

0.5

0.1

0.8

Total Fill Cubic Feet

36,317

Cubic Yards
Shrinkage Factor

Cut at Intersections

1,345
0.95

Required Cubic Yards of Fill

1,416
1,071

0.3

Pnts

Ave.

Area

0.25

1400

350

0.3

2212.5

664

0.475

2500

1,188

Total Cut Cubic Feet

Cubic Yards of Cut to Haul

Total

7,453

Cubic Yards
Swell Factor

Net Cubic Yards to Purchase

276
0.25
345

26