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1
1.1 (Sets)


1 3 1 , 2 , 3
x2 = 9 +3 3
2
1)
{ } ,
A = {1, 2 ,3}

1 A
1 A
[ ]

2A
3A

4A
[ ]
2)

A = { x x 1 3 }
A x x 1 3

A = { 1 , 2 , 3 }

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1.
1) 0 0 , 1 , 23
3) 2 0 , 1 , 23

2) 1 0 , 1 , 23
4) 23 0 , 1 , 23

1) (empty set null set )

D = {x | x 40 }
{ } ( )
2) ( finite set )

A = {1,3,5,7,9}
B = { 1 , 2 , 3 , . , 95 }
0
3) ( infinite set )

C = {5,6,7,8,}
4) (equal sets identical set ) 2

A = { a , b , c , d } B = { b , c , a , d } A = B
C = { 1 , 2 , 3 }
D = { 2 , 6 , 7 } C D

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2 ( ONet)
1. { x | x 0 }
2. { x | x = 1n n }
3. { x | x = 1n n 10 }
4. { x | x 3 }

3.
. A = { xx = 1 1n n }
B = { 0 , 12 , 23 , 43 , }
. C = { 0 , 1 , 3 , 7 }
D = { xx 10 }
. K = { xx 10 }
L = {2, 4, 6,8}
. M = { xx x2 = 36 }
N = {6}
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

4. 4

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1.2
A B A B
A B ( )
A B A
B A B ( )

A = { 2 , 3 } B = { 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 }
A B
A B

A = { 6 , 8 } B = { 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 }
A ( 8 ) B
A B

A = 6,8
B = { 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 }
A ( )
A B
4.
1. { 0 , 1 } 0 , 1 , {2, 3} , {4}
3. {2, 3} 0 , 1 , {2, 3} , {4}

2. {4} 0 , 1 , {2, 3} , {4}

4. 0 , 1 0 , 1 , {2, 3} , {4}

5. A = { 2 , {4,5} , 4 }
a) { 5 } A
b) {4 , 5} A
c) {{4,5}} A
d) 5 A
e) {4 , 5} A
f) { 5 } A
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5

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6( O-Net) A B
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. B

1)
2)
3)
= 2n
n =
A = {2 , 4 , 6}
A = 23 = 8
{2} {4} {6} {2, 4} {2, 6} {4, 6} {2, 4, 6}
4)
= 2n 1
n =
A = { 2 , 4 , 6 }
A {2} {4} {6} {2, 4} {2, 6} {4, 6} {2, 4, 6}
A = 23 1 = 7
5)
A P(A)
5

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= = 2n
n =
A = { 2 , 4 , 6 }
P(A) = {2} , {4} , {6} , {2, 4} , {2, 6} , {4, 6} , {2, 4, 6} ,

.
1. A = { 0 , 2 }
2. A = { x }

7. A =
1. P(A) 2. P(A)
3.

3. A = { }

P(A)

4. P(A)

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1.3 ( Relative Universe ) -

(U )

U = { 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 }
A = { 2 , 4 , 6 }
A 1 , 3 , 5
7 , 8 , 9 , ...... U

U = { 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 }
A = {2,4,6}
B = { 1 , 2 , 3 }

5,7
4 ,6 , 2 , 1 , 3

8. U A
1. A U
2. U A
3. 1
4.

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1.4
1.4.1. ( Intersection , )
A B ( A B )
A B
A
B
A B
1 , 2 3 4, 5

A = {1,2,3}
U

B ={3,4,5}
A B = { 3 }
AB
1.4.2 ( Union , )
A B ( A B )
A B
A
B

1 2 3 4 5
A B

A = {1,2,3}
U

B ={3,4,5}
AB
A B = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 3 , 4 , 5 }
= {1,2,3,4,5}
1.4.3. ( Difference , )
A B ( A B )
A B
B
A

A = {1,2,3} A
B

B = {3,5,6}
U
U
A B = { 1 , 2 }
AB
BA
B A = { 5 , 6 }
1.4.4. ( Complement , )
A ( A A A )
A
8

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U
U = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 }
A = { 1 , 2 }
A = { 3 , 4 , 5 }

1)
AA = A
2)
AB = BA
3) (A B) C = A ( B C)
4)
A =
5)
AU = A
11) A ( BC ) = (AB) (AC)
12) A ( BC ) = (AB) (AB)
13) (A) = A
14) U = = U
15) (A B) = A B
(A B) = A B
16) A A =
A A = U
17) A B = A B

A
U

6)
AA
7)
AB
8) (A B) C
9)
A
10)
AU

=
=
=
=
=

9. A = { 2 , 4 , 6 } B = { }
1. A B
2. A B
3. 1
4.

A
BA
A ( B C)
A
U

3 O-Net 1

10.

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={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} , A = {0,2,4,6,8}
B = { 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 } C = { 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 }
2
1) A B
2) B C
3) C A
4) (A B) C
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
U

11( O-Net) A B = { 0 , 1 , 3 }
,
BA = {2,4,6}

AB = {0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7}
A B
1. { 0 , 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 } 2. { 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 } 3. { 0 , 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 } 4. { 0 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 }

10

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12( O-Net) A = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , .
B = {1,2} , {3,4,5} , 6 , 7 , 8 , .

1. A B
2. B A 2
3. (A B) (B A)
4. A B 5

1.5

U [ n (U) ]
= 20
A [ n (A) ]
= 7
B [ n (B) ]
= 8
(A B) [ n (A B) ] = 3
A B [ n (A B) ]
12
1
1
2

11

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(A B) = 3
A
B
= 3
83
73
3
=
4
A = 7
=5
A = 7
U
20 (4+3+5) = 8
= 3
AB
A B ( A )
= 7 3 = 4
B = 8
B = 8
= 3
B A ( B ) = 8 3 = 5
U = 20
U = 20
= 4 + 3 + 5 = 12
= 20 12 = 8
A B = 4 + 3 + 5 = 12
2

n (A B) =

n (A B) =
n (A B) =

n(A) + n(B) n(A B)

7 + 8 3
12
A B 12

n (A B) = n(A) + n(B) n(A B)
n(ABC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) n(AB) n(BC) n(AC) + n(ABC)
n

12

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13. n U = 150 , n A = 40 , n B = 30 , n (A B) = 10 n (AB)

14( O-Net) 50
40 20

1. 9
2. 10
3. 11
4. 12

13

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15( O-Net)

3000
1000
1000
1500

16( O-Net) 32
18 16
8
1. 6
2. 8
3. 10
4. 12

14

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17. 60%
45% 15%

18( 56) 45
30
60
1. 45
2. 60
3. 75
4. 90

15

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19( O-Net) 50 32
6 1

1. 11
2. 12
3. 17
4. 18

16

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20( O-Net)

72

100

88

30

24

14

10

17

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21. 3000
A , B C
A
200
B
250
C
300
A B

50
B C

40
A C

30

18

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22.

100

150

200

50

25


30

19

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23( O-Net) 20
12
11
13
6
7
5

20

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1
1. 3.
5. 1.
9. 1.
13. 60
17. 75
21. 2370

2. 1.
6. 4.
10. 1.
14. 2.
18. 1.
22. 405

3. 1.
7. 4.
11. 3.
15. 500
19. 1.
23. 30

4. 4.
8. 3.
12. 4.
16. 1.
20. 202

21