Equivalent Length in Feet of Straight Pipe

Approximate friction loss for PVC and CPVC fittings in Equivalent Length in feet of
Straight Pipe for water can be found in the table below:

Friction Loss Equivalent Length - feet of Straight Pipe (ft)
Nominal Pipe Size (inches)
Fitting
1/2 3/4 1
10
12
90 Elbow
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.8 4.0 5.7 6.9 7.9 12.0 18.0 22.0 26
32
45o Elbow
0.8 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.6 3.1 4.0 5.1 8.0 10.6 13.5 15.5
Gatevalve
0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0
Tee Flow Run
1.0 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.7 4.3 5.1 6.2 8.3 12.5 16.5 17.5 20.0
Tee Flow Branch
4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 12.0 15.0 16.0 22.0 32.7 49.0 57.0 67.0
1 1/4 1 1/2 2
2 1/2 3
Male/Female
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.8 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 9.0 14
Adapter
The table can also used for other thermoplastic pipes materials with similar design.
The values can be used to calculate pressure loss with the Equivalent Pipe Length
Metho
Friction loss and flow velocity in PVC and CPVC pipes Schedule 80 with water can be
found in the table below. The table may be also be used for pipes in other thermoplastic
materials where the inner diameter corresponds to PVC Schedule 80.
1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s
1 gal (US)/min =6.30888x10-5 m3/s = 0.0227 m3/h = 0.0631 dm3(liter)/s =

2.228x10-3 ft3/s = 0.1337 ft3/min
1 psi/100 ft = 2.3 ftH2O/100 ft = 2288 mmH2O/100 ft = 22.46 kPa/100 m
Note! Velocity should in general not exceed 5 feet per second to avoid damaging noise
and wear and tear of pipes and fittings.
Method.
1/2 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
60
1.5
4.0
1.7
120
3.0
8.0
3.5
300
7.4
45.2
19.6
420
10.3
83.1
36.0
3/4 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
60
0.7
0.9
0.4
120
1.6
1.7
0.7
300
3.9
9.7
4.2
420
5.5
11.8
7.7
10
600
7.8
33.8
14.7
15
900
11.8
71.7
31.1
1 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
120
0.9
0.9
0.4
300
2.3
2.6
1.2
420
3.3
5.0
2.2
10
600
4.7
9.6
4.2
15
900
7.0
20.4
8.8
20
1200
9.4
34.7
15.0
25
1500
11.7
52.4
22.7
30
1800
14.0
73.5
31.8
1 1/4 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
120
0.5
0.2
0.1
300
1.3
0.7
0.3
420
1.8
1.2
0.5
10
600
2.6
2.3
1.0
15
900
3.9
4.9
2.1
20
1200
5.2
8.3
3.6
25
1500
6.5
12.6
5.4
30
1800
7.8
17.6
7.6
35
2100
9.1
23.4
10.1
40
2400
10.4
30.0
13.0
45
2700
11.7
37.3
16.1
50
3000
13.0
45.3
19.6
1 1/2 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
120
0.4
0.1
0.04
300
0.9
0.3
0.1
420
1.3
0.6
0.2
10
600
1.9
1.0
0.5
15
900
2.8
2.2
1.0
20
1200
3.8
3.8
1.6
25
1500
4.7
5.7
2.5
30
1800
5.6
8.0
3.4
35
2100
6.6
10.6
4.6
40
2400
7.5
13.6
5.9
45
2700
8.4
16.9
7.3
50
3000
9.4
20.5
8.9
60
3600
11.3
28.7
12.4
2 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
300
0.6
0.1
0.04
420
0.8
0.2
0.07
10
600
1.1
0.3
0.1
15
900
1.7
0.6
0.3
20
1200
2.2
1.1
0.5
25
1500
2.8
1.6
0.7
30
1800
3.4
2.3
1.0
35
2100
3.9
3.0
1.3
40
2400
4.5
3.8
1.7
45
2700
5.0
4.8
2.1
50
3000
5.6
5.8
2.5
60
3600
6.7
8.1
3.5
70
4200
7.8
10.8
4.7
75
4500
8.4
12.3
5.3
80
4800
8.9
13.8
6.0
90
5400
10.1
17.2
7.5
100
6000
11.2
20.9
9.1
2 1/2 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
300
0.4
0.05
0.02
420
0.5
0.07
0.03
10
600
0.8
0.1
0.05
15
900
1.2
0.3
0.1
20
1200
1.6
0.4
0.2
25
1500
2.0
0.7
0.3
30
1800
2.3
0.9
0.4
35
2100
2.7
1.3
0.5
40
2400
3.1
1.6
0.7
45
2700
3.5
2.0
0.9
50
3000
3.9
2.4
1.1
60
3600
4.7
3.4
1.5
70
4200
5.5
4.5
2.0
75
4500
5.9
5.1
2.2
80
4800
6.2
5.8
2.5
90
5400
7.0
7.2
3.1
100
6000
7.8
8.7
3.8
125
7500
9.8
13.2
5.7
150
9000
11.7
18.5
8.0
3 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Velocity Friction Friction

(ft/sec)
Head
Loss
(ft/100ft) (psi/100
ft)
5
300
0.3
0.02
0.01
420
0.4
0.03
0.01
10
600
0.5
0.04
0.02
15
900
0.8
0.09
0.04
20
1200
1.0
0.2
0.07
25
1500
1.3
0.2
0.1
30
1800
1.5
0.3
0.1
35
2100
1.7
0.4
0.2
40
2400
2.0
0.5
0.2
45
2700
2.2
0.7
0.3
50
3000
2.5
0.8
0.4
60
3600
3.0
1.1
0.5
70
4200
3.5
1.5
0.7
75
4500
3.7
1.7
0.7
80
4800
4.0
1.9
0.8
90
5400
4.5
2.4
1.0
100
6000
5.0
2.9
1.3
125
7500
6.2
4.4
1.9
150
9000
7.5
6.2
2.7
175
10500
8.7
8.3
3.6
200
12000
10.0
10.6
4.6
250
15000
12.5
16.0
6.9
4 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
20
1200
0.6
0.04
0.02
25
1500
0.7
0.06
0.03
30
1800
0.9
0.08
0.04
35
2100
1.0
0.1
0.05
40
2400
1.2
0.1
0.06
45
2700
1.3
0.2
0.07
50
3000
1.4
0.2
0.09
60
3600
1.7
0.3
0.1
70
4200
2.0
0.4
0.2
75
4500
2.2
0.5
0.2
80
4800
2.3
0.5
0.2
90
5400
2.6
0.6
0.3
100
6000
2.9
0.8
0.3
125
7500
3.6
1.2
0.5
150
9000
4.3
1.6
0.7
175
10500
5.0
2.2
0.9
200
12000
5.7
2.8
1.2
250
15000
7.2
4.2
1.8
300
18000
8.6
5.8
2.5
350
21000
10.0
7.8
3.4
400
24000
11.5
9.9
4.3
5 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
30
1800
0.5
0.03
0.01
35
2100
0.6
0.04
0.02
40
2400
0.7
0.04
0.02
45
2700
0.8
0.06
0.03
50
3000
0.9
0.07
0.03
60
3600
1.1
0.1
0.04
70
4200
1.3
0.1
0.06
75
4500
1.3
0.1
0.06
80
4800
1.4
0.2
0.07
90
5400
1.6
0.2
0.09
100
6000
1.8
0.2
0.1
125
7500
2.3
0.4
0.2
150
9000
2.7
0.5
0.2
175
10500
3.2
0.7
0.3
200
12000
3.6
0.9
0.4
250
15000
4.5
1.3
0.6
300
18000
5.4
1.9
0.8
350
21000
6.3
2.5
1.1
400
24000
7.2
3.2
1.4
450
27000
8.1
4.0
1.7
500
30000
9.0
4.8
2.1
6 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
50
3000
0.6
0.03
0.01
60
3600
0.8
0.04
0.02
70
4200
0.9
0.05
0.02
75
4500
0.9
0.06
0.03
80
4800
1.0
0.07
0.03
90
5400
1.1
0.08
0.04
100
6000
1.3
0.1
0.04
125
7500
1.6
0.2
0.07
150
9000
1.9
0.2
0.1
175
10500
2.2
0.3
0.1
200
12000
2.5
0.4
0.2
250
15000
3.1
0.6
0.2
300
18000
3.8
0.8
0.3
350
21000
4.4
1.0
0.5
400
24000
5.0
1.3
0.6
450
27000
5.6
1.7
0.7
500
30000
6.3
2.0
0.9
750
45000
9.4
4.3
1.8
1000
60000
12.5
7.2
3.1
8 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
125
7500
0.9
0.05
0.02
150
9000
1.1
0.05
0.02
175
10500
1.3
0.08
0.03
200
12000
1.4
0.09
0.04
250
15000
1.8
0.1
0.06
300
18000
2.1
0.2
0.09
350
21000
2.5
0.3
0.1
400
24000
2.9
0.3
0.2
450
27000
3.2
0.4
0.2
500
30000
3.6
0.5
0.2
750
45000
5.4
1.1
0.5
1000
60000
7.1
1.8
0.8
1250
75000
8.9
2.8
1.2
1500
90000
10.7
4.0
1.7
10 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
200
12000
0.9
0.04
0.02
250
15000
1.1
0.05
0.02
300
18000
1.4
0.07
0.03
350
21000
1.6
0.09
0.04
400
24000
1.8
0.1
0.05
450
27000
2.0
0.1
0.06
500
30000
2.3
0.2
0.07
750
45000
3.4
0.4
0.2
1000
60000
4.5
0.6
0.3
1250
75000
5.7
0.9
0.4
1500
90000
6.8
1.3
0.6
2000
120000
9.1
2.2
1.0
2500
150000
11.3
3.3
1.4
12 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
350
21000
1.1
0.04
0.02
400
24000
1.3
0.05
0.02
450
27000
1.4
0.06
0.03
500
30000
1.6
0.07
0.03
750
45000
2.4
0.2
0.07
1000
60000
3.2
0.3
0.1
1250
75000
4.0
0.4
0.2
1500
90000
4.8
0.6
0.2
2000
120000
6.4
0.9
0.4
2500
150000
8.0
1.4
0.6
3000
180000
9.6
2.0
0.9
3500
210000
11.2
2.7
1.2
4000
240000
12.8
3.4
1.5
14 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
500
30000
1.3
0.04
0.02
750
45000
2.0
0.09
0.04
1000
60000
2.6
0.2
0.07
1250
75000
3.3
0.3
0.1
1500
90000
3.9
0.3
0.2
2000
120000
5.2
0.6
0.3
2500
150000
6.5
0.9
0.4
3000
180000
7.9
1.2
0.5
3500
210000
9.2
1.7
0.7
4000
240000
10.5
2.1
0.9
4500
270000
11.8
2.6
1.1
5000
300000
13.1
3.2
1.4
5500
330000
14.4
3.8
1.7
6000
360000
15.7
4.5
2.0
6500
490000
17.0
5.2
2.3
7000
420000
18.3
6.0
2.6
16 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100ft)
ft)
500
30000
1.0
0.02
0.01
750
45000
1.5
0.05
0.02
1000
60000
2.0
0.08
0.04
1250
75000
2.5
0.1
0.05
1500
90000
3.0
0.2
0.08
2000
120000
4.0
0.3
0.1
2500
150000
5.0
0.5
0.2
3000
180000
6.0
0.6
0.3
3500
210000
7.0
0.9
0.4
4000
240000
8.0
1.1
0.5
4500
270000
9.0
1.4
0.6
5000
300000
10.0
1.7
0.7
5500
330000
11.0
2.0
0.9
6000
360000
12.0
2.3
1.0
6500
490000
13.0
2.7
1.2
7000
420000
14.0
3.1
1.3
7500
450000
15.0
3.5
1.5
8000
480000
16.0
4.0
1.7
8500
510000
17.0
4.4
1.9
9000
540000
18.0
4.9
2.1
Pressure loss values can be calculated with the Hazen-Williams Equation or the DarcyWeisbach Formula.
Friction loss and flow velocity in PVC and CPVC pipes Schedule 40 with water can be
found in the table below. The table may be also be used for pipes in other thermoplastic
materials where the inner diameter corresponds to PVC Schedule 40.
1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s

2.228x10-3 ft3/s = 0.1337 ft3/min
1 psi/100 ft = 2.3 ftH2O/100 ft = 2288 mmH2O/100 ft = 22.46 kPa/100 m
Note! Velocity should not exceed 5 feet per second.

Method.
1/2 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
60
1.1
2.1
0.9
120
2.3
4.2
1.8
300
5.6
23.4
10.5
420
7.9
43.1
18.6
10
600
11.3
82.0
35.5
3/4 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
60
0.6
0.5
0.2
120
0.3
1.0
0.4
300
3.2
5.7
2.5
420
4.4
10.5
4.6
10
600
6.3
20.0
8.7
15
900
9.5
42.5
18.4
20
1200
12.7
72.3
31.3
1 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
120
0.8
0.6
0.2
300
1.9
1.7
0.8
420
2.7
3.2
1.4
10
600
3.9
6.0
2.6
15
900
5.8
12.8
5.5
20
1200
7.7
21.8
9.4
25
1500
9.7
32.9
14.2
30
1800
11.6
46.1
20.0
1 1/4 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
120
0.4
0.1
0.1
300
1.1
0.4
0.2
420
1.6
0.8
0.4
10
600
2.2
1.6
0.7
15
900
3.3
3.3
1.4
20
1200
4.4
5.6
2.4
25
1500
5.5
8.5
3.7
30
1800
6.6
11.9
5.1
35
2100
7.7
15.8
6.8
40
2400
8.8
20.2
8.7
45
2700
9.9
25.1
10.9
50
3000
11.1
30.5
13.2
1 1/2 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
120
0.3
0.1
0.03
300
0.8
0.2
0.1
420
1.1
0.4
0.2
10
600
1.6
0.7
0.3
15
900
2.4
1.5
0.7
20
1200
3.2
2.6
1.1
25
1500
4.0
4.0
1.7
30
1800
4.9
5.5
2.4
35
2100
5.7
7.4
3.2
40
2400
6.5
9.4
4.1
45
2700
7.3
11.7
5.1
50
3000
8.1
14.3
6.2
60
3600
9.7
20.0
8.7
2 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
300
0.5
0.07
0.03
420
0.7
0.1
0.05
10
600
1.0
0.2
0.09
15
900
1.5
0.5
0.2
20
1200
2.0
0.8
0.3
25
1500
2.4
1.2
0.5
30
1800
2.9
1.6
0.7
35
2100
3.4
2.2
0.9
40
2400
3.9
2.8
1.2
45
2700
4.4
3.4
1.5
50
3000
4.9
4.2
1.8
60
3600
5.9
5.8
2.5
70
4200
6.8
7.8
3.4
75
4500
7.3
8.8
3.8
80
4800
7.8
9.9
4.3
90
5400
8.8
12.4
5.4
100
6000
9.8
15.0
6.5
2 1/2 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
300
0.3
0.04
0.02
420
0.5
0.05
0.02
10
600
0.7
0.1
0.04
15
900
1.0
0.2
0.08
20
1200
1.4
0.3
0.1
25
1500
1.7
0.5
0.2
30
1800
2.1
0.7
0.3
35
2100
2.4
0.9
0.4
40
2400
2.7
1.2
0.5
45
2700
3.1
1.4
0.6
50
3000
3.4
1.8
0.8
60
3600
4.1
2.5
1.1
70
4200
4.8
3.3
1.4
75
4500
5.1
3.7
1.6
80
4800
5.5
4.2
1.8
90
5400
6.2
5.2
2.3
100
6000
6.8
6.3
2.7
125
7500
8.6
9.6
4.2
150
9000
10.3
13.4
5.8
3 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
300
0.2
0.02
0.01
420
0.3
0.02
0.01
10
600
0.4
0.03
0.01
15
900
0.7
0.07
0.03
20
1200
0.9
0.1
0.05
25
1500
1.1
0.2
0.07
30
1800
1.3
0.2
0.1
35
2100
1.6
0.3
0.1
40
2400
1.8
0.4
0.2
45
2700
2.0
0.5
0.2
50
3000
2.2
0.6
0.3
60
3600
2.7
0.9
0.4
70
4200
3.1
1.1
0.5
75
4500
3.3
1.3
0.6
80
4800
3.5
1.4
0.6
90
5400
4.0
1.8
0.8
100
6000
4.4
2.2
0.9
125
7500
5.5
3.3
1.4
150
9000
6.6
4.6
2.0
175
10500
7.7
6.2
2.7
200
12000
8.8
7.9
3.4
250
15000
11.0
11.9
5.2
4 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
20
1200
0.5
0.03
0.01
25
1500
0.6
0.04
0.02
30
1800
0.8
0.06
0.03
35
2100
0.9
0.08
0.04
40
2400
1.0
0.1
0.05
45
2700
1.2
0.1
0.06
50
3000
1.3
0.2
0.07
60
3600
1.5
0.2
0.1
70
4200
1.8
0.3
0.1
75
4500
1.9
0.3
0.2
80
4800
2.1
0.4
0.2
90
5400
2.3
0.5
0.2
100
6000
2.6
0.6
0.3
125
7500
3.2
0.9
0.4
150
9000
3.8
1.2
0.5
175
10500
4.5
1.6
0.7
200
12000
5.1
2.1
0.9
250
15000
6.4
3.2
1.4
300
18000
7.7
4.4
1.9
350
21000
9.0
5.9
2.6
400
24000
10.2
7.5
3.3
5 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
30
1800
0.5
0.02
0.01
35
2100
0.6
0.03
0.01
40
2400
0.7
0.03
0.01
45
2700
0.7
0.04
0.02
50
3000
0.8
0.05
0.02
60
3600
1.0
0.07
0.03
70
4200
1.1
0.1
0.04
75
4500
1.2
0.1
0.05
80
4800
1.3
0.1
0.06
90
5400
1.5
0.2
0.07
100
6000
1.6
0.2
0.08
125
7500
2.0
0.3
0.1
150
9000
2.4
0.4
0.2
175
10500
2.8
0.5
0.2
200
12000
3.3
0.7
0.3
250
15000
4.1
1.1
0.5
300
18000
4.9
1.5
0.6
350
21000
5.7
2.0
0.9
400
24000
6.5
2.5
1.1
450
27000
7.3
3.1
1.3
500
30000
8.1
3.7
1.6
6 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
50
3000
0.6
0.02
0.01
60
3600
0.7
0.03
0.01
70
4200
0.8
0.04
0.02
75
4500
0.8
0.05
0.02
80
4800
0.9
0.05
0.02
90
5400
1.0
0.06
0.03
100
6000
1.1
0.08
0.04
125
7500
1.4
0.1
0.05
150
9000
1.7
0.2
0.07
175
10500
2.0
0.2
0.1
200
12000
2.3
0.3
0.1
250
15000
2.8
0.4
0.2
300
18000
3.4
0.6
0.3
350
21000
3.9
0.8
0.3
400
24000
4.5
1.0
0.4
450
27000
5.1
1.3
0.6
500
30000
5.6
1.5
0.7
750
45000
8.4
3.3
1.4
1000
60000
11.2
5.5
2.4
8 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
125
7500
0.7
0.03
0.01
150
9000
0.8
0.04
0.02
175
10500
1.0
0.04
0.02
200
12000
1.1
0.06
0.02
250
15000
1.3
0.07
0.03
300
18000
1.6
0.1
0.05
350
21000
1.9
0.2
0.07
400
24000
2.3
0.2
0.09
450
27000
2.6
0.3
0.1
500
30000
2.9
0.3
0.1
750
45000
3.2
0.4
0.2
1000
60000
4.9
0.9
0.4
1250
75000
6.5
1.5
0.6
1500
90000
8.1
2.2
1.0
2000
120000
9.7
3.1
1.3
10 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
200
12000
0.8
0.03
0.01
250
15000
1.0
0.04
0.02
300
18000
1.2
0.05
0.02
350
21000
1.4
0.07
0.03
400
24000
1.6
0.09
0.04
450
27000
1.9
0.1
0.05
500
30000
2.1
0.1
0.06
750
45000
3.1
0.3
0.1
1000
60000
4.1
0.5
0.2
1250
75000
5.1
0.7
0.3
1500
90000
6.2
1.0
0.4
2000
120000
8.2
1.7
0.7
2500
150000
10.3
2.6
1.1
12 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
350
21000
0.03
0.01
400
24000
1.2
0.04
0.02
450
27000
1.3
0.05
0.02
500
30000
1.5
0.06
0.03
750
45000
2.2
0.1
0.05
1000
60000
2.9
0.2
0.09
1250
75000
3.6
0.3
0.1
1500
90000
4.3
0.4
0.2
2000
120000
5.8
0.7
0.3
2500
150000
7.2
1.1
0.5
3000
180000
8.7
1.6
0.7
3500
210000
10.1
2.1
0.9
4000
240000
11.1
2.7
1.2
14 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
500
30000
1.2
0.03
0.01
750
45000
1.8
0.07
0.03
1000
60000
2.4
0.1
0.05
1250
75000
3.0
0.2
0.08
1500
90000
3.6
0.3
0.1
2000
120000
4.7
0.5
0.2
2500
150000
5.9
0.7
0.3
3000
180000
7.1
1.0
0.4
3500
210000
8.3
1.3
0.6
4000
240000
9.5
1.7
0.7
4500
270000
10.7
2.1
0.9
5000
300000
11.9
2.5
1.1
5500
330000
13.1
3.0
1.3
6000
360000
14.2
3.6
1.5
6500
390000
15.4
4.1
1.8
7000
420000
16.6
4.7
2.0
7500
450000
17.8
5.4
2.3
16 inches
Volume Volume
Flow
Flow
(gal/min) (gal/hr)
Friction
Friction
Velocity
Loss
Head
(ft/sec)
(psi/100
(ft/100 ft)
ft)
500
30000
0.9
0.02
0.01
750
45000
1.4
0.04
0.02
1000
60000
1.8
0.07
0.03
1250
75000
2.3
0.1
0.04
1500
90000
2.7
0.1
0.06
2000
120000
3.6
0.2
0.1
2500
150000
4.5
0.4
0.2
3000
180000
5.5
0.5
0.2
3500
210000
6.4
0.7
0.3
4000
240000
7.3
0.9
0.4
4500
270000
8.2
1.1
0.5
5000
300000
9.1
1.3
0.6
5500
330000
10.0
1.6
0.7
6000
360000
10.9
1.9
0.8
6500
390000
11.8
2.2
0.9
7000
420000
12.7
2.5
1.1
7500
450000
13.6
2.8
1.2
8000
480000
14.5
3.2
1.4
8500
510000
14.4
3.5
1.5
9000
540000
16.5
3.9
1.7
9500
570000
17.3
4.3
1.9
10000
600000
18.2
4.8
2.1
Pressure loss values can be calculated with the Hazen-Williams Equation or the DarcyWeisbach Formula.
ASTM D1785 "Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe,
Schedules 40, 80, and 120" is manufactured to meet the needs of a broad range of
industrial, commercial and residential piping systems.
Typical weight and dimensions of PVC and CPVC pipes are indicated in the table
below:
PVC and CPVC Pipes - Schedule 40
Nominal
Pipe Size
(inches)
Outside
Diameter
(inches)
Minimum
Wall
Thickness
(inches)
Nominal
Inside
Diameter
(inches)
Weight
(lb/ft)
PVC
CPVC
1/2
0.840
0.109
0.622
0.16
0.17
3/4
1.050
0.113
0.824
0.21
0.23
1.315
0.133
1.049
0.32
0.34
1 1/4
1.660
0.140
1.380
0.43
0.46
1 1/2
1.900
0.145
1.610
0.51
0.55
2.375
0.154
2.067
0.68
0.74
2 1/2
2.875
0.203
2.469
1.07
1.18
3.500
0.216
3.068
1.41
1.54
4.500
0.237
4.026
2.01
2.20
5.563
0.258
5.047
2.73
6.625
0.280
6.065
3.53
3.86
8.625
0.322
7.981
5.39
5.81
10
10.750
0.365
10.020
7.55
8.24
12
12.750
0.406
11.938
10.01
10.89
14
14.000
0.438
13.124
11.80
16
16.000
0.500
15.000
15.43
PVC and CPVC Pipes - Schedule 80

Nominal
Pipe Size
Outside
Diameter
Minimum Nominal
Wall
Inside
Weight
(lb/ft)
(inches)
(inches)
Thickness Diameter
(inches)
(inches)
PVC
CPVC
1/2
0.840
0.147
0.546
0.20
0.22
3/4
1.050
0.154
0.742
0.27
0.30
1.315
0.179
0.957
0.41
0.44
1 1/4
1.660
0.191
1.278
0.52
0.61
1 1/2
1.900
0.200
1.500
0.67
0.74
2.375
0.218
1.939
0.95
1.02
2 1/2
2.875
0.276
2.323
1.45
1.56
3.500
0.300
2.900
1.94
2.09
4.500
0.337
3.826
2.75
3.05
5.563
0.375
4.813
3.87
6.625
0.432
5.761
5.42
5.82
8.625
0.500
7.625
8.05
8.83
10
10.750
0.593
9.564
12.00
13.09
12
12.750
0.687
11376
16.50
18.0
14
14.000
0.750
12.500
19.30
14.314
25.44
16.000
0.843
1 lb = 0.4536 kg
1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
1 in (inch) = 25.4 mm
16
PVC - Polyvinyl Chloride
strong and rigid

resistant to a variety of acids and bases
may be damaged by some solvents and chlorinated hydrocarbons
maximum usable temperature 140oF (60oC)
usable for water, gas and drainage systems
not useable in hot water systems
CPVC - Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
similar to PVC - but designed for water up to 180oF (82oC)
The pressure head loss (feet H2O per 100 feet pipe) in straight plastic pipes made of
materials as PVC, PP, PE, PEH or similar, can be estimated from the table below.
The friction head loss are calculated for PVC pipes Schedule 40 with the HazenWilliams equation and a Hazen-Williams roughness constant c = 145. Minor loss in
fittings must be added.
Pressure Friction Head Loss (ft H2O/100 ft pipe)
Volume Flow
Nominal Pipe Diameter (inches)
Gallons
Per
Minute
(GPM)1)
Gallons
3/8 1/2 3/4 1
1 1/4 1 1/2 2
2 1/2 3
4
6
Per
Hour
Nominal Inside Diameter (inches)
(GPH)2) 0.493 0.622 0.824 1.049 1.380 1.610 2.067 2.469 3.068 4.026 6.065
60
3.3
1.1
0.3
120
11.8 3.8
1.0
0.3
0.1
240
42.5 13.7 3.5
1.1
0.3
0.1
300
64.2 20.7 5.3
1.6
0.4
0.2
360
29.0 7.4
2.3
0.6
0.3
480
49.5 12.6 3.9
1.0
0.5
0.1
10
600
74.7 19.0 5.9
1.6
0.7
0.2
0.1
20
1200
68.6 21.2 5.6
2.6
0.8
0.3
0.1
30
1800
11.8 5.6
1.7
0.7
0.2
40
2400
20.1 9.5
2.8
1.2
0.4
0.1
50
3000
14.4 4.3
1.8
0.6
0.2
60
3600
20.1 6.0
2.5
0.9
0.2
70
4200
7.9
3.3
1.2
0.3
80
4800
10.2 4.3
1.5
0.4
90
5400
12.6 5.3
1.9
0.5
100
6000
6.5
2.3
0.6
0.1
125
7500
9.8
3.4
0.9
0.1
150
9000
4.8
1.3
0.2
1)
GPM = gallons per minute
2)
GPH = gallons per hour

2.228x10-3 ft3/s = 0.1337 ft3/min = 0.8327 Imperial gal (UK)/min
1 ft H2O = 0.3048 m H2O = 0.4335 psi = 62.43 lbs/ft2
Example of Friction Head Loss in Plastic Pipes

A flow of 10 GPM in a 2" pipe gives a head loss of 0.2 feet water column per 100 feet
of pipe.
he diagram below indicates friction loss for water flow through plastic
schedule 40 PVC pipe.
The calculation is based on the Hazen-Williams Equation with a Hazen-Williams

coefficient c = 140. Note that velocities above 5 feet per second should be avoided.
1 gal (US)/min =6.30888x10-5 m3/s = 0.0227 m3/h = 0.06309 dm3(litre)/s =

2.228x10-3 ft3/s = 0.1337 ft3/min
1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s
1 psi (lb/in2) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m2) = 6.895x10-3 N/mm2 = 6.895x10-2 bar = 27.71

in H2O at 62oF (16.7oC) = 703.1 mm H2O at 62oF (16.7oC) = 2.0416 in mercury
at 62oF (16.7oC) = 51.8 mm mercury at 62oF (16.7oC) = 703.6 kg/m2 = 2.307 Ft.
H2O

Equivalent Length in Feet of Straight Pipe

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Equivalent Length in Feet of Straight Pipe

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Approximate friction loss for PVC and CPVC fittings in Equivalent Length in feet of

Straight Pipe for water can be found in the table below:

0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0

Tee Flow Run

Tee Flow Branch

1 gal (US)/min =6.30888x10-5 m3/s = 0.0227 m3/h = 0.0631 dm3(liter)/s =

1 psi/100 ft = 2.3 ftH2O/100 ft = 2288 mmH2O/100 ft = 22.46 kPa/100 m

Velocity Friction Friction

1 gal (US)/min =6.30888x10-5 m3/s = 0.0227 m3/h = 0.0631 dm3(liter)/s =

1 psi/100 ft = 2.3 ftH2O/100 ft = 2288 mmH2O/100 ft = 22.46 kPa/100 m

Note! Velocity should not exceed 5 feet per second.

PVC and CPVC Pipes - Schedule 80

PVC - Polyvinyl Chloride

strong and rigid

may be damaged by some solvents and chlorinated hydrocarbons

maximum usable temperature 140oF (60oC)

usable for water, gas and drainage systems

not useable in hot water systems

CPVC - Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride

similar to PVC - but designed for water up to 180oF (82oC)

Nominal Pipe Diameter (inches)

42.5 13.7 3.5

64.2 20.7 5.3

49.5 12.6 3.9

74.7 19.0 5.9

68.6 21.2 5.6

GPM = gallons per minute

GPH = gallons per hour

1 gal (US)/min =6.30888x10-5 m3/s = 0.227 m3/h = 0.0631 dm3(liter)/s =

Example of Friction Head Loss in Plastic Pipes

The calculation is based on the Hazen-Williams Equation with a Hazen-Williams

1 gal (US)/min =6.30888x10-5 m3/s = 0.0227 m3/h = 0.06309 dm3(litre)/s =

1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s

1 psi (lb/in2) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m2) = 6.895x10-3 N/mm2 = 6.895x10-2 bar = 27.71

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