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Columns
Lecture Goals
Definitions for short columns
Columns
P
fc
Ac nAst
f s nf c
Steel stress
Pn max rP0
r = Reduction factor to account for accidents/bending
r = 0.80 ( tied )
r = 0.85 ( spiral )
ACI 10.3.6.3
Ast
g
Ag
16 db
1 in.
3 in.
ACI 7.10.4.3
Volume of Core
Dc s
Asp Dc
from : s
2
1 4 Dc s
s 0.45 *
1 *
ACI
Eqn.
10-5
Ac f y
where
Asp cross - sectional area of spiral reinforcement
Ac core area
Dc2
4
Gravity + Wind:
and
etc.
Pn Pu
where, = 0.65 for tied columns
= 0.7 for spiral columns
Ast
g
Ag
steel
or
Pn r Ag 0.85 f c g f y 0.85 f c Pu
Ag
Pu
r 0.85 f c g f y 0.85 f c
Ast
P
u
0
.
85
f
y
c
Ag 0.85 f c
Pu
r 0.85f c g f y 0.85f c
660 k
0.85 4.5 ksi
0.65 0.8
230.4 in 2
Ag d 2 d 15.2 in. d 16 in.
1
Ast
f y 0.85fc
Pu
r 0.85f c Ag
660 k
2
*
0.85 4.5 ksi 16 in
0.65 0.8
5.16 in 2
Use 8 #8 bars Ast = 8(0.79 in2) = 6.32 in2
b # d b 2 cover dstirrup
# bars 1
16 in. 3 1.0 in. 2 1.5 in. 0.375 in.
2
4.625 in. < 6 in. No cross-ties needed
governs
governs
Pn Cs1 Cc Ts2
compression
is positive
h
h
h a
M n Cs1 * d1 Cc * Ts2 * d 2
2
2
2 2
Columns in Pure
Tension
Section is completely cracked (no concrete
axial capacity)
Uniform Strain
y
N
Pn tension f y As
i 1
Columns
Strength Reduction Factor, (ACI Code 9.3.2)
(a) Axial tension, and axial tension with flexure.
= 0.9
(b) Axial compression and axial compression with
flexure.
Members with spiral reinforcement confirming
to 10.9.3
Columns
Except for low values of axial compression, may be
increased as follows:
when f y 60,000 psi and reinforcement is symmetric
and
h d d s 0.70
h
Column
Columns
Commentary:
Other sections:
may be increased linearly to 0.9 as the
strain s increase in the tension steel. Pb
General Procedure
The interaction diagram for a column is
constructed using a series of values for Pn and
Mn. The plot shows the outside envelope of the
problem.
Ast 10.16 in 2
0.0254
2
Ag
400 in
60 ksi 10.16 in
1935 k
Pn rP0
[ Point 1 ]
cb
17.5 in.
0.003 0.00207
cb 10.36 in.
0.00228
cb 10 in.
10.36 in. 10 in.
s2
cu
0.003
cb
10.36 in.
0.000104
60 ksi
228.6 k
Pn Cc Cs1 Cs2 Ts
599.8 k 215.6 k 228.6 k
585.8 k
h
M Cc Cs1
d1 Ts d 3
2 2
2
2
20 in. 0.85 10.85 in.
599.8 k
2
2
20 in.
215.6 k
2.5 in.
2
20 in.
228.6 k 17.5 in.
M 6682.2 k-in
e
11.41 in.
P
585.8 k
[ Point 2 ]
c 2.5 in.
17.5 in. 2.5 in.
s1
cu
0.003
c
17.5 in.
0 ksi
0k
Pn 1012 k 216 k 86 k
1314 k
2
2
20 in.
216 k
2.5 in.
2
M 4213 k-in
e
3.2 in.
P
1314 k
[ Point 3 ]
s1
cu
0.003
c
6 in.
60 ksi
228.6 k
Pn 346.8 k 180.4 k 147.3 k 228.6 k
151.3 k
h
M Cc Cs1
d1 Ts d 3
2 2
2
2
0.85 6 in.
346.8 k 10 in.
M 5651.2 k-in
e
37.35 in.
P
151.3 k
[ Point 4 ]
Pn As f y 8 1.27 in
60 ksi
610 k
[ Point 5 ]
c (in)
Pn
Mn
1548 k
20
1515 k
253 k-ft
2 in
17.5
1314 k
351 k-ft
3.2 in
12.5
841 k
500 k-ft
7.13 in
10.36
585 k
556 k-ft
11.42 in
8.0
393 k
531 k-ft
16.20 in
6.0
151 k
471 k-ft
37.35 in
~4.5
0k
395 k-ft
infinity
-610 k
0 k-ft
Column Analysis
2000
1500
P (k)
1000
500
0
0
100
200
300
-500
-1000
M (k-ft)
400
500
600
Location of the
linearly varying
800
Pn (k)
600
Cb
400
200
0
-200
100
200
300
-400
Max. tension
-600
-800
Mn (k-ft)
400
500