High Voltage Substation

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11/22/2010
High Voltage Substation

Modification and Presentation by
Asst. Prof. Dr. Teratam Bunyagul
KMUTNB
Copyright by:
AREVA Energietechnik GmbH
Dr. Uwe Kaltenbron
Berlin, Germany
Prof.Dr.-Ing. Armin Schnettler

RWTH Aachen University
Air Insulated Substation

11/22/2010
AIS
Introduction
Substation:
nodal points in power system
Internationally standardized voltage level:

66 kV, 110 kV, 132 kV, 150 kV, 220 kV, 380 kV
500 kV*, 800 kV*
* For
very long transmission distances

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Introduction
Introduction
Tasks of substation:
Distribution power towards load circuit
Separation of different network groups
(reduction of short circuit power)
Coupling of different voltage level via power transformers
Measuring, signaling and monitoring of network data
(e.g. U, I, P, Q, f)

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Substation design
Conventional substations (AIS):
Construction according to standardized minimal distances (clearance)
between phase and earth
Normally used for outdoor substations, just in very few

cases used for indoor substations
Base on single power system equipments
Replacement of single equipment by equipments from other
manufacturers is possible.
GIS : replacement bay-by-bay; even this is difficult
Simply to expand (in case that space is not an issue)

Excellent overview, simple handling and easy access
Minimum clearance in air according to IEC 61936-1

Nominal
voltage of
system
Highest
voltage for
equipment
Rated short- duration

power frequency
withstand voltage
Rated lightning
impulse withstand
voltage
Un
r.m.s.
Um
r.m.s.
r.m.s.
1.2/50 s
(peak value)
kV
kV
kV
kV
110
123
220
245
Minimum phase-to-earth
and phase-to-phase
clearance (N)
mm
185
450
900
230
550
1100
275
650
1300
325
750
1500
360
850
1700
395
950
1900
460
1050
2100

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Minimum clearance in air according to IEC 61936-1

Nominal
voltage
of
system
Highest
voltage
for
equipment
Rated short
duration
power
frequency
withstand
voltage
Rated
switching
impulse
withstand
voltage
Un
r.m.s.
Um
r.m.s.
1.2/50 s
(peak value)
Phase-toearth
250/2500
s (peak
value)
Minimum phase-toearth clearance
Conductor
To
structure
Rated
switching
impulse
withstand
voltage
Rod
To
structure
Phase-tophase
250/2500
s (peak
value)
mm
Minimum phase-tophase clearance
Conductor
To
Conductor
parallel
kV
Rod
To
Conductor
kV
kV
kV
kV
380
420
1050/1175
850
1900
2200
2400
1360
2900
mm
3400
1175/1300
950
2200
2400
2900
1425
3100
3600
1300/1425
1050
2600
3400
1575
3600
4200
Planning of substations
Basis requirements for new substations:
Optimal location of substations within power system (load flow, shortcircuit, customer requirements, long term planning, land space)
Selection of substation design
Calculation of short-circuit currents and long term development (ratings)
Selection of power system requirements
Adaption of design according to available space, fixing of busbar
configuration (e.g. using wire conductor or tubular conductor)
Detailed planning of
Primary and secondary equipment

Auxiliary equipment
Basement, steel structure
Building, earthing system

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Planning of substatation
Important standards for power system installations:
IEC 61936-1
Power installations exceeding 1 kV a.c.

- Part 1: Common rules
Substation configurations
Design planning of a substation normally starts with the
development of the electrical single line diagram:
Single line diagram:
Number of busbars and substation bays including the
relevant equipment
Selection of substation layout depends on

Its importance within the power system (power system
reliability in case of failures and maintenance activities)
Power system operation

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Substation configuration
Single busbar configuration
Double busbars configuration

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Double busbars configuration with U-from
Triple busbars configuration

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Double busbars configuration with bypass bus
Double busbars configuration with bypass disconnector

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1 1/2 breaker configuration
Ring busbar configuration
10

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H - configuration
Busbar coupling/sectionalizing
Busbar coupling
Busbar sectionalizing and coupling
11

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Switchyard layouts
Named based on the switchyard configuration and the location of the
busbar disconnectors
Criteria to choose the switchyard layout are:
Available land
Requirements by power system operator
Economical requirement
Based on voltage level, main purpose (e.g. main transformer station,
load-centre substation) different switchyard layouts have shown
technical and economical advantages.
Classical layout
115-kV-outdoor AIS bay
12

11/22/2010
Classical layout
Centre-break disconnector or vertical-break disconnector
are arranged side by side in line with the feeder below the
busbars
Application up to 220 kV
Today, not so often used
Advantages:
Narrow spacing between bays
Excellent ways for maintenance of busbars and busbar
disconnectors
Disadvantages:
Higher costs for portal structures and for means for means
of tensioning the wires
At least one busbar are spanned by connecting wires
In-line layout
13

11/22/2010
In-line layout
Poles of busbar Centre-break disconnectors stand in line with the
busbars
Advantages:
Lower costs for steel structures are means of tensioning the wires
(in case of tubular portals are needed only for the outgoing overhead
lines)
Busbars not spanned by connecting wires
Disadvantages:
Wide spacing of bays
Maintenance at busbars more difficult longer planned outage times
In case of short circuit higher loading of post insulators
Transverse layout
14

11/22/2010
Transverse layout
Busbar disconnectors are in a row at right angles to the busbar
Busbar can be of wire or tube (busbar can be directly installed on
busbar disconnectors)
Advantages:
Narrow spacing between bays(width)
Excellent access to busbars
Disadvantages:
Wide spacing of substation (depth)
All busbars are spanned by connecting wires
Diagonal layout
110-kV-outdoor AIS bay, busbar above
15

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Pantograph disconnector
Diagonal layout
110-kV-outdoor AIS bay, busbar below
16

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Diagonal layout
Single column disconnectors as busbar disconnector are
arranged diagonally with reference to the basbars
Busbar arrange below (buabars are mounted on the
disconnectors) or above the busbar disconnector
Busbar can be of wire or tube
Reduced land usage
Application especially for 220 kV and 380 kV (land usage)
Diagonal layout
Busbar above:
Busbar portals with relatively big hight; dimensioned for high
mechanical forces
More difficult access to busbar
Excellent maintenance access to busbar disconnectors
Busbar below:
Busbar mounted directly on disconnector reduced means for
portals
Excellent access to busbars
Maintenance on disconnectors require de-energzing of complete
busbar
17

11/22/2010
Busbars
All layouts can be installed with either wire or tube busbars:
Wire busbar:
Today mainly Al/St- oder Aldrey (AlMgSi)-wires
Span width up to 50 m
For high current ratings up to four conductors required (per phase)
Conductors mounted using tension insulators (porcelain, cap-andpin
insulator)
In order to protect insulator against flashovers use of arcing horns
common
In case of short circuit currents additional mechanical stresses will
appear. Double pole short-circuit currents critical due to maximum
deflection (approximation) after fault clearance.
Busbars
Tubular busbars (preferred for new substation):
AIMgSi-tube (outer diameter 50-300 mm, thickness 4-12 mm)
Advantageous for high current ratings
Due to lower mechanical forces (spanning forces) reduced means
for steel and fundaments
Additional means for post insulators and mounting material
Spanning distance exceeding 20 m
Use of welded tubes up to lengths of 140 m
Higher wind load forces, damping of oscillations using inserted
wires
In short circuit cases additional bending moments. Resonant
frequencies of busbar in the range of power frequency or double
power frequenices have to be avoided.
18

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