Mathematical Formulas in HTML 4

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http://www.unics.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/mathematics.html

Mathematical formulas in HTML 4

Many mathematical (physical, chemical) formulas can be written in plain HTML 4 without resorting to the
Symbol font or to graphics. The symbols below can be displayed on both Mac OS 9 and MS Windows. If
possible, place the characters one after another rather than on top of each other. For example, write 23 [two
thirds], A [closure of A], A [interior of A], (SO4)2 [sulfate ion]. You may want to read also a more detailed
discussion.
To change fonts quickly, choose among different style sheets in your browser:
Cambria, Century Schoolbook, DejaVu Serif, Georgia, Times (New Roman).
A few symbols used in mathematics and physics

not sign

overline, macron

small overline

circumflex

small circumflex

tilde

small tilde

degree sign

superscript 1

superscript 2

superscript 3

multiplication sign

division sign

plus-minus sign

minus sign

en dash

em dash

dagger

middle dot, centered period

middle dot, centered period (boldface)

bullet

ellipsis

per mille sign, per thousand sign

'

apostrophe (italics)

prime, minute

double prime, second

fraction slash

leftwards arrow

upwards arrow

rightwards arrow

downwards arrow

left right arrow

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Mathematical Formulas in HTML 4

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http://www.unics.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/mathematics.html

A few symbols used in mathematics and physics

up down arrow

radical, square root

infinity

intersection

integral

top half integral

approximately equal to

not equal to

identical to

less than or equal to

greater than or equal to

partial differential

script f, f with hook

difference, increment

Delta

micro sign

mu

product

Pi

sum, summation

Sigma

ohm sign

Omega

bottom half integral

More
The Greek alphabet

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|r| =

http://www.unics.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/mathematics.html

(x2 + y2 + z2)

|r | =

(x2 + y2 + z2)

|r| = sqrt(x^2 + y^2 + z^2)

lim an

lim an

{ limit n -> infinity } a_n

an

an

n=0

n=0

{ product from n=0 to infinity } a_n

an

an

n=0

n=0

{ sum from n=0 to infinity } a_n

n

u =

u/
2

xi2

u =

2u/xi2
i=1

i=1

Laplacian of u = { sum from i=1 to n } d^2u / dx_i^2

b

f(x) dx

f(x) dx

f(x) dx

f(x) dx

{ integral from a to b } f(x) dx

+

exp(x) dx =

exp(x) dx =

{ integral from -infinity to +infinity } exp(-x^2) dx = sqrt pi

5 1

2
=

5 + 1

(sqrt 5 - 1) / 2 = 2 / (sqrt 5 + 1)
Andreas Prilop
8 August 2013

22/12/2015 13:01