Guidelines For Lifting Equipment: Issued: March 2000 Last Amended: June 2001

GUIDELINES FOR
LIFTING EQUIPMENT
Issued: March 2000
Last amended: June 2001
Australian Petroleum Production & Exploration Association Limited

Level 3, 24 Marcus Clarke Street
GPO Box 2201
CANBERRA ACT 2600
CANBERRA ACT 2601
Telephone:
+61 2 6247 0960
Facsimile: +61 2 6247 0548
INTERNET:
http://www.appea.com.au
Email:
ACN 000 292 713
appea@appea.com.au
ISBN 0 908277 21 0
APPEA
Guidelines for Lifting Equipment
PREFACE
Lifting operations in the offshore petroleum industry represent potentially one of the highest risk
activities in the industry. Accordingly many standards and individual company guidelines exist to
ensure that lifting operations are performed safely using appropriate equipment.
As well as offshore lifting this guideline does cover some aspects of lifting operations at onshore
sites. In particular personnel competency requirements, registers of lifting equipment and
operational aspects for lifting devices including mobile cranes are covered. During the preparation
of the guideline the technical working group recognised that onshore lifting practices were
generally well established and that a uniform standard already existed. This guideline is intended
only to supplement and does not seek to alter these well established onshore lifting practices.
APPEA has issued these guidelines to facilitate consistent lifting practices across the petroleum
industry, particularly for offshore operations. These guidelines establish appropriate design
requirements for Lifting Gear reflecting the dynamic effects of lifting operations from supply
vessels along with guidance on equipment marking, registers, inspection testing and maintenance.
They also describe the broad expectations for competencies of personnel associated with lifting
activities.
These guidelines generally reference Australian Standards, however the use of equivalent
internationally recognised standards is also acceptable.
Disclaimer
The use of these Guidelines does not in any way diminish the responsibility of individual
operating companies or, their contractors to carry out operations safely having due regard to
their duty of care responsibilities, and to observe statutory requirements. APPEA does not accept
any responsibility for any incident or consequence thereof, whether or not in violation of any law
or regulation, which arises or is alleged to have arisen from the use of these Guidelines.
Amendments
Date
Oct 2000
May 2001
Jun 2001
Amendment
Additional Padeye Chart (App E)
Rigging Equipment Example (App E)
Rigging Equipment Example (App E)
By
D. Williams
D. Williams
L. Gray
Reason for Amendment

Additional information
Error in calculation
Error in calculation
APPEA
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
PURPOSE ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................ 1
LIFTING EQUIPMENT TERMINOLOGY................................................................................................................ 2
RELATIONSHIP WITH REGULATIONS................................................................................................................. 3
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................. 3
COMPETENCY STANDARDS ....................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES.................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 COMPETENCE OF EQUIPMENT OPERATORS ....................................................................................................... 4
2.3 MAINTAINERS OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................ 4
2.4 INSPECTORS OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................... 5
2.4.1
Pre-use visual checks............................................................................................................................ 5
2.4.2
Certified visual inspections ................................................................................................................... 5
2.5 NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (NDT) LABORATORIES........................................................................................ 5
2.5.1
Proof Load Testing Organisations......................................................................................................... 5
2.6 DESIGNERS & VERIFIERS OF RIGGING FOR ENGINEERED LIFTS, OF LIFTED EQUIPMENT, AND OF LIFTING
DEVICES .................................................................................................................................................................. 6
REGISTERS OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT ..................................................................................................... 7

3.1
3.2
3.3
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 7
LIFTING EQUIPMENT REGISTER ....................................................................................................................... 7
LIFTING EQUIPMENT REGISTER CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... 7
DESIGN OF OFFSHORE LIFTING DEVICES ............................................................................................. 9

4.1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE ............................................................................................................................. 9
4.2 DESIGN, MANUFACTURE AND INSTALLATION (GENERAL) ................................................................................ 9
4.3 CRANES.......................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.4 MOBILE CRANES .......................................................................................................................................... 10
4.5 GANTRY CRANES, MONORAILS & DAVITS ..................................................................................................... 10
4.6 LIFTING POINTS ............................................................................................................................................ 10
4.7 HOISTING EQUIPMENT (MANUALLY OPERATED) ............................................................................................ 11
4.8 MAN-RIDING EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................................. 11
4.8.1
Cranes Used for Man Riding Operations............................................................................................. 11
4.8.2
Winches.............................................................................................................................................. 12
4.8.3
Man Riding Winches ........................................................................................................................... 12
4.9 SURVEYS AND INSPECTION ............................................................................................................................ 12
4.10 DOCUMENTATION ......................................................................................................................................... 13
DESIGN OF OFFSHORE LIFTING GEAR ................................................................................................. 14

5.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 14
5.2 DESIGN APPROACH FOR ENGINEERED LIFTS................................................................................................... 14
5.3 OVER CHART LIFTS ...................................................................................................................................... 15
5.4 DESIGN OF RIGGING ...................................................................................................................................... 15
5.5 ACCESS TO CRANE HOOK FOR MARINE CREWS FIFTH LEG ASSEMBLIES....................................................... 18
5.6 DIAGONALLING ............................................................................................................................................ 18
5.7 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR OFFSHORE USE ............................................................................................... 19
5.7.1
Synthetic Slings (Refer AS 1353.17.2-1997, AS 4497.1&.2 -1997)........................................................ 19
5.7.2
Safety Shackles ................................................................................................................................... 19
5.7.3
Eyebolts.............................................................................................................................................. 19
5.7.4
Chain Slings ....................................................................................................................................... 19
5.7.5
Wire Rope Slings ................................................................................................................................ 19
5.8 DESIGN OF OFFSHORE CONTAINER PAD EYES & THEIR ATTACHMENT ............................................................ 20
APPEA
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
DESIGN OF LIFTED EQUIPMENT (OFFSHORE CONTAINERS).............................................................................. 20

ISO CONTAINERS USED AS LIFTED EQUIPMENT.............................................................................................. 21
DESIGN OF SUB-SEA LIFTS ............................................................................................................................ 22
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................... 22
DOCUMENTATION NEW BUILD LIFTED EQUIPMENT ..................................................................................... 23
DOCUMENTATION FOR E XISTING LIFTED EQUIPMENT..................................................................................... 24
INITIAL LOAD TESTS FOR LIFTED EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................ 25
NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (OFFSHORE CONTAINERS INCLUDING ISO CONTAINERS).................................... 25
DESIGN OF TANKS FOR FLUIDS.............................................................................................................. 26
MARKING OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT...................................................................................................... 27

7.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... 27
7.2 MARKING OF LIFTING DEVICES ..................................................................................................................... 27
7.2.1
Fixed Location Pad Eyes..................................................................................................................... 27
7.3 MARKING OF LIFTED EQUIPMENT .................................................................................................................. 27
7.4 CONTAINER AND ROOF IDENTIFICATION MARKINGS ...................................................................................... 27
7.5 LIFTING FRAME AND BEAM MARKINGS ......................................................................................................... 28
7.6 MARKING OF RIGGING .................................................................................................................................. 28
PERIODIC INSPECTION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE ................................................................... 29

8.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... 29
8.2 LIFTING DEVICES.......................................................................................................................................... 30
8.2.1
Inspection Before and After Proof Loading.......................................................................................... 30
8.3 LIFTED EQUIPMENT ...................................................................................................................................... 30
8.4 RIGGING ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
8.4.1
Proof Loading of Rigging used for Offshore Lifting (Boat Lifts) (ON HOLD) ....................................... 31
8.5 REPAIRS AND MODIFICATIONS TO LIFTING EQUIPMENT .................................................................................. 32
SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURES............................................................................................................ 33

9.1 LIFTING OPERATIONS BETWEEN PLATFORMS AND VESSELS ............................................................................ 33
9.1.1
Planning............................................................................................................................................. 33
9.1.2
Communications ................................................................................................................................. 33
9.1.3
Lift Preparation and Handling ............................................................................................................ 33
9.2 PERSONNEL TRANSFERS................................................................................................................................ 34
9.2.1
Authority ............................................................................................................................................ 34
9.2.2
Duties................................................................................................................................................. 34
9.2.3
Suitability of the vessel........................................................................................................................ 35
9.2.4
Weather conditions ............................................................................................................................. 36
9.2.5
Communications ................................................................................................................................. 36
9.2.6
Safety equipment and rescue procedures ............................................................................................. 36
9.2.7
Training ............................................................................................................................................. 36
APPENDIX A .............................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

REFERENCE DOCUMENTS............................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
APPENDIX B .............................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
DEFINITIONS ..................................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
APPENDIX C .............................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
OFFSHORE WIRE ROPE AND CHAIN SLINGS .............................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
APPENDIX D .............................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
DYNAMIC AMPLIFICATION FACTOR..........................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
APPENDIX E............................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
PAD EYE DETAILS ............................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
APPEA
APPENDIX F............................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

INSPECTION & TESTING REQUIREMENTS .................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
APPENDIX G .............................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GUIDE TO AUSTRALIAN AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS...............ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
APPENDIX H .............................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GUIDELINES FOR THE PHASE OUT OF ISO SHIPPING CONTAINERS OFFSHOREERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED
APPENDIX I................................................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GUIDELINES FOR THE INSPECTION, TESTING AND MARKING OF OFFSHORE CONTAINERSERROR! BOOKMARK N
APPEA
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1
Purpose
To provide operators, contractors and vendors working in the offshore petroleum industry clear and
consistent guidance on the expected standards for design, manufacture, supply and use of lifting
equipment. These guidelines are intended to ensure safe lifting operations, thereby minimising risks
to personnel and assets.
1.2
Scope
These guidelines apply to Lifting Equipment used on and in the following offshore exploration
and production facilities and onshore loading facilities:
platforms;
floating production units;
floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) facilities;
mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs);
supply vessels;
construction vessels;
diving support vessels;
seismic vessels;
buoys; and
onshore loading facilities and supply bases.
These guidelines do not apply to specialised lifting devices used in the following activities:
pipe laying activities;
specialised wireline operations (ie. winches, wireline units, etc);
specialised drilling rig equipment (ie. draw-works assembly, travelling blocks, drilling
swivels, etc);
heavy lift activities from construction barges;
helicopter external lifting.
escape craft
Most of the Lifting Devices used in drilling related operations are addressed in relevant API
standards or IADC guidelines.
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1.3
Lifting Equipment Terminology

LIFTING EQUIPMENT
LIFTING GEAR
LIFTING DEVICES
LIFTED
EQUIPMENT
RIGGING
Cranes
Bulk liquid tanks
Wire ropes
(Mobile crane, Tower crane,
Open freight containers
Wire rope slings
Overhead crane, Hoist)
Closed freight containers
Chain Slings
Chain Hoist
Workshops
Flat synthetic webbing slings
Cherry Picker
Laboratories
Wire coil flat slings
Davit
Storage containers
Polyester round slings
Forklift
Mini containers
Shackles
In-situ lifting beam
Pallets
Hooks
Jack
Open top bins
Clamps
Lever Hoist
Skips
Rings
Loading arm
Baskets
Swivels
Monorail.
Personnel Baskets
Hammer locks
Pad eyes
Gas cylinder racks
Sockets
Trolley
Spreader frames
Blocks
Winch
Equipment skids
Stingers
Long stock container

Modules
Padeyes Section
Lifting points & supporting members of
subsea manifolds, Christmas trees &
subsea valves
Lifting points and supporting members
of machinery
(skids, valves etc)
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1.4
Relationship with Regulations
The majority of Australian legislation covering safety critical equipment such as Lifting
Equipment is now objective based. This includes the Petroleum (Submerged Lands) (Management
of Safety on Offshore Facilities) Regulations 1996 and regulations issued under the various State
and Federal Safety and Occupational Health legislation. As such, these guidelines are structured in
such a way as to provide guidance to the offshore petroleum industry on good industry practice.
These guidelines are not to be interpreted as industry best practice or minimum standards. The
onus of demonstrating that risks have been reduced to as low as reasonably practicable remains with
the individual operator or contractor.
Offshore petroleum exploration and development in Australia comes under the jurisdiction of the
Commonwealth and State or Territory Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Acts. Depending on the lease
location, regulations under the Act may be directly administered by the State or Territory or
administered by the State or Territory on behalf of the Commonwealth (as a Designated Authority).
For offshore operations supply vessels, work boats, offtake tankers, etc, come under the Navigation
Act 1912 and Marine Orders parts 43, 44 (section 11 only), and 59. Marine Orders part 32 is not
applicable to offshore lifting. Similarly when MODUs, FPSOs, FPUs, construction barges enter
Australian waters they fall under the Navigation Act. When they are moored at drill site they fall
under the P(SL)A in addition to the Navigation Act, but immediately on leaving the mooring they
revert back to the Navigation Act. Loading and unloading operations at offshore facilities are
governed by the P(SL)A which is administered by the relevant state or territory department.
Operators attention is also drawn to the AMSA publication Australian Offshore Vessels Code of
Safe Working Practice.
To demonstrate compliance with the Petroleum (Submerged Lands) (Management of Safety on
Offshore Facilities) Regulations 1996, operators must ensure they have an effective integrated
Safety Management System (SMS). Safety Management System requirements as defined under the
Safety Case regime in place should identify, assess, eliminate and/or manage risk to as low as
reasonably practicable.
1.5
Management System
Organisations using these guidelines should have in place a formal Lifting Equipment
Management System.
This management system would as a minimum demonstrate how the organisation manages:
responsibilities for key personnel;
registration and trace-ability of Lifting Equipment within its control or use;
design, fabrication and supply of Lifting Equipment;
inspection and maintenance of Lifting Equipment under its control;
safe use of Lifting Equipment;
training and competencies of personnel;
contractor or third party owned Lifting Equipment; and
auditing of this management system.

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2 COMPETENCY STANDARDS
2.1
Management Responsibilities
Management should ensure that personnel operating Lifting Equipment have the required
competencies and are familiar with specific Lifting Equipment and work practices used at each
facility. This may include the following:
awareness of relevant codes, standards and guidelines;
2.2
awareness of relevant competency standards;
knowledge of Lifting Equipment used on the facility;
lift planning procedures;
requirements for pre-use equipment checks;
requirements for moving loads around the facility;
routine inspection and maintenance requirements;
procedures for loading and unloading supply vessels; and
procedures for personnel transfer operations.
Competence of Equipment Operators
Equipment operators, including but not limited to crane and fork lift operators, riggers and doggers
working within Australia and/or Australian waters are required to hold a certificate of competency
issued by either a recognised State Authority or a National Licence issued under the National
Occupational Health and Safety Certification Standard for Users and Operators of Industrial
Equipment (Note: The referenced publication, NOHSC:1006-1992, is available from the National
Occupational Health and Safety Commission).
Such personnel shall be familiar and competent with facility specific Lifting Equipment and work
practices.
2.3
Maintainers of Lifting Equipment
Management should ensure that maintenance of Lifting Equipment is carried out by suitably
qualified and competent personnel, who have knowledge of the following areas:
awareness of the relevant standards and regulations;
site specific requirements and procedures;
maintenance requirements on all types of Lifting Equipment to be maintained;
inspection frequency requirements;
detailed inspections requirements for all Lifting Equipment;

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2.4
discard criteria; and
disposal processes for failed equipment.
Inspectors of Lifting Equipment
2.4.1 Pre-use visual checks

Competent persons, holding a certificate of competency relevant to the type of equipment, are to
carry out a pre-use visual check each time the equipment is used.
2.4.2 Certified visual inspections
A "certified visual inspection" is more detailed inspection than a visual check and is carried out on a
periodic frequency, the results of which are documented and recorded in the facility "Lifting
Equipment" Register. Certified visual inspection shall be conducted by one of the following:
Classification Societies with industry accepted inspection standards for "Lifting Equipment"
(eg. DNV, Lloyds etc.); or
A "body" holding NATA Inspection accreditation to ISO 17020 for in-service inspection of
"Lifting Equipment" to these guidelines. Note: Personnel certification for inspection of lifting
equipment may be developed in the future by AIDNT, AICIP or similar organisations; or
Suitably qualified people working within an Operator's inspection program where the Operator
works within a Safety Case regime which addresses the requirements for training of such
personnel and the standards for such "certified visual inspections".
Refer to Section 8 and Appendix I for further details of the "certified visual inspection".
All "certified visual inspection" reports should bear the endorsement stamp of the accreditation
body (NATA), the Classification Society, or be issued in the form required by the Operator for inhouse "certified visual inspection".
2.5
Non Destructive Testing (NDT) Laboratories
During initial fabrication, repairs and modifications as well as part of the periodic inspection
process, NDT inspection of Lifting Equipment shall be conducted by:
A body holding NATA laboratory accreditation to ISO 17025 for Non Destructive
Testing.
All NDT reports should bear the endorsement stamp of the appropriate NDT accreditation body
(NATA).
2.5.1 Proof Load Testing Organisations

Proof load testing organisations shall hold accreditation to these guidelines for the relevant class of
proof load testing. Proof load testing of Lifting Equipment shall be conducted by one of the
following bodies:
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Classification Societies with industry accepted proof load standards for Lifting
Equipment (eg. DNV, Lloyds etc.);
OR
A body holding NATA laboratory accreditation to ISO 17025 for proof load testing of
Lifting Equipment to these guidelines.
OR
Suitably qualified people working within an Operator's inspection program where the
Operator works within a Safety Case regime which addresses the requirements for training
of such personnel and the standards for such proof load testing.
All proof load testing reports should bear the endorsement stamp of the appropriate proof load
testing accreditation body (NATA) or Classification Society.
Accreditation should be reviewed to ensure that it covers the equipment to be tested.
2.6
Designers & Verifiers of Rigging for Engineered Lifts, of Lifted Equipment, and of
Lifting Devices
Designers & Verifiers of Rigging for Engineered Lifts, of Lifted Equipment, and of Lifting Devices
should be qualified engineers experienced in offshore lifting technology.
The design & verification of "Lifted Equipment and Engineered Lifts should be conducted by
either:
A "body" holding ISO 9001 certification for design and who have qualified structural engineers
experienced in offshore lifting to carry out the design and also the checking of "Lifted
Equipment". A written certificate shall be provided on the design documentation by the "design
body" that it holds ISO 9001 qualification for structural design and that the design conforms to a
standard recognised under these Guidelines.
OR
Where the "design body" does not hold ISO 9001 certification for design, then the design is to
be certified by a classification society, ie Lloyds, DNV etc. In this case all design
documentation should bear the endorsement stamp of the appropriate Classification Society.
(This section applies also to subsequent Sections 4.2, 5.1, 5.3, 5.8, 5.9, and 5.14 of these
Guidelines.)"
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Guidelines for Lifting Equipment - Inspection, Testing and Marking of Offshore Containers
3 REGISTERS OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT

3.1
Introduction
Each facility or group of facilities shall maintain a register or registers of all types of Lifting
Equipment used on site and owned by the operator. Likewise, contractors should maintain a
register of their Lifting Equipment on each facility. This is a statutory requirement for vessels
operating under the Navigation Act 1912.
All suppliers of Lifting Equipment that is leased to offshore operators and/or contractors should
also maintain a register of all such equipment.
3.2
Lifting Equipment Register
A register, as a minimum, shall contain an inventory of all Lifting Equipment present on or at the
facility (this is equipment that effectively belongs to the facility).
The register of Lifting Equipment may be in an electronic format or in the form of a card or other
paper register system. Register systems should identify the location of all hard copy records of
design verifications, inspection certificates, maintenance records, test certificates, etc.
Because of varied recording requirements the register should be split into equipment types or
Classes, eg. Lifting Devices (cranes, pad eyes, etc), Lifted Equipment (containers, baskets, etc)
and Rigging (slings, shackles, etc).
3.3
Lifting Equipment Register Contents
The register is expected to contain the following entries as applicable for each item of equipment:
a full description of the equipment;
the safe working load (SWL) of the item or maximum gross mass (MGM) as applicable;
the unique identification or tag number for the item;
manufacturers serial numbers;
batch number of the item if applicable;
the location (or reference to the drawing showing the location - particularly for pad eyes)
of the item. The usage of the item (eg. stores unloading, engine room general lifting etc);
date of entry onto the register;
whether a Certificate of Conformity is required for the item;
a copy of the Certificate of Conformity, or number of, approval bodies and date of issue;
the location of the design verification certificate and documentation;
whether a certificate of inspection is required;

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the inspection certificate number, issuing body and date of issue;
for cranes, winches, containers, special Lifting Equipment, pad eyes etc, the design and
fabrication codes and the location of the manufacturer data report;
for Lifting Gear, the national standard to which the item was purchased;
re-inspection interval; and
reference to the approved maintenance and operating manual for the item.
These entries shall be supported (as applicable) with the following traceable hard copy records as
issued by an inspection body holding accreditation with NATA in accordance with these guidelines
or a Classification Society with industry accepted design and inspection standards for Lifting
Equipment:
certificate of design verification;
current certificate of inspection;
type test certificate;
manufacturers test certificate/s (for Lifted Equipment);
the maintenance and inspection records (including the past inspection reports for visual
inspections, calibrations, adjustments, change out of equipment etc); and
proof load test and NDT reports.
Where applicable, these entries shall be supported with traceable hard copy records of the
following:
original manufacturers data report; and
original design calculations.
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4 DESIGN OF OFFSHORE LIFTING DEVICES

4.1
Introduction and Scope
This section provides guidance on Lifting Devices, as defined in Section 1.3, and their associated
equipment installed or erected on offshore facilities.
4.2
Design, Manufacture and Installation (General)
Lifting Devices should be suitable for their intended purpose and should be of sound design,
construction, suitable material, of adequate strength and free from defects.
Equipment should be designed with due regard to the intended use with or near other equipment and
for safe use under known operating conditions, including any overload conditions which may be
anticipated, (ie. proof load testing, etc.). Where relevant, the equipment should have efficient
control systems, guards, fences and shields. Particular consideration should be given to the
effectiveness of mountings on all Lifting Devices.
The design of Lifting Devices should be consistent in its approach with that used to design the
Lifted Equipment and Rigging, (ie. a device designed to API codes, with rigging to DNV codes
and equipment to AS codes, may provide an inconsistent application of factors of safety and failure
load paths through the lift).
The lifting device designer as specified in section 2.6, should be consulted when any of the
following actions are being considered:
initial design;
4.3
modifications to any Lifting Devices;
repairs to safety-critical elements of Lifting Devices; and
testing or overload testing of Lifting Devices after repair or modification.
Cranes
The detailed design of offshore cranes is beyond the scope of this document and is normally
completed by the specialist crane supplier. Common acceptable standards specified for offshore
cranes are:
API Spec 2C Specification for Offshore Cranes;
Lloyds Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, together with BS2573
Rules for the Design of Cranes; and
AS1418 Crane Code.
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4.4
Mobile Cranes
Mobile cranes offshore should be classed as temporary mobile equipment and should only be used
for the purpose agreed by the operating company, the owner and a competent person.
Where mobile cranes are used for operations subject to sea-state induced dynamics, they should
generally comply with Section 4.3. The following items should also be considered:
permissible locations (ie. area of safe operation) including adequacy of supporting
structure;
4.5
barriers to prevent the crane colliding with other parts of the installation, or toppling
overboard;
safe limits of operation on floating installations and any associated means of stowing or
securing the crane in adverse weather conditions;
means of securing while lifting from supply vessels or any other sea-state operation;
dynamic effects and de-rating for sea state operations;
stability of the vessel on which the crane is being operated;
inspection of safety-critical structural and mechanical components; and
details should be included in an appropriate manual addressing the use of the mobile crane
in offshore operations.
Gantry Cranes, Monorails & Davits
Gantry cranes, monorails, davits (other than escape craft davits) etc. should be designed,
constructed and tested in accordance with a recognised standard, supplemented with any specific
conditions of use (such as operational sea-state and/or maximum list/trim and roll/pitch). Any such
conditions of use should be made clearly visible to the operator of the crane and also be stated in an
appropriate manual for the equipment.
Gantry cranes should be fitted with end limit switches and mechanical stops for all travel motions.
If travel speeds are sufficiently low to warrant over-travel being arrested by mechanical end stops
only, then approval for this mode of operation should be obtained from a competent person.
4.6
Lifting Points
Permanently attached lifting points should be designed to AS4100 or equivalent and be subject to
inspection, NDT and load testing in accordance with these guidelines.
The design of lifting points such as pad eyes, pad-ears, lifting lugs, etc. should incorporate the
magnitude, direction and effects of load distribution.
The design of the surrounding structure to which lifting points are affixed should allow
transmission of the load from the lifting point to the surrounding structure.
Adequate clearances should be provided between the pad eye and the rigging. Lifting points should
be free from any detrimental defects caused by oxy-cutting, arc welding, etc.
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Testing of pad eyes, lifting lugs etc. should be agreed with a competent person and carried out to
comply with the current requirements.
Refer to Section 5.8 and Appendix E for pad eye detail.
4.7
Hoisting Equipment (Manually Operated)
Manually operated hoisting equipment should be designed, manufactured, tested and marked in
accordance with recognised codes and standards (Appendix G).
Pawls for the ratchet mechanism should either be spring-loaded or engagement with the ratchet
ensured by other positive means. Engagement should not depend solely on gravity alone.
Hand chains should be smooth and free from rough areas. The effort required to operate manual
hoisting equipment should not exceed that which one person can comfortably exert from a standing
position.
4.8
Man-Riding Equipment
4.8.1 Cranes Used for Man Riding Operations

The following guidance applies to cranes used for personnel lifting. Outline guidance on procedures
for transfer of personnel by basket is provided in Section 9.2.
Free fall operations of the hoist or boom motion are not permitted.
Winding gear should be equipped with a brake, mechanically operable under all load
conditions.
The design braking force should be at least 120% of the braking force required to support
the stipulated test overload.
Dynamic braking effects due to hydraulic transmission systems should not be considered as
a mechanical brake when using cranes for man-riding operations.
The brake should be automatically applied when the drive is in the "off" or the "neutral"
position.
Any change-speed gearbox should be of constant mesh type whereby it should not be
possible to change the gear ratio while there is any load on the winch.
Clutches or other means of disengaging the drive train are prohibited for this type of
operation.
Brake action should be progressive in order to avoid sudden dynamic shock.
The brake should be applied automatically upon failure of the power supply to the motor
and/or control device.
Upper & Lower limits shall be fitted to the hoist motion
An emergency stop or secondary brake should be fitted and be operable by the driver in an
emergency situation involving man-riding operations to arrest all crane motions. A
secondary brake should be applied directly at the drum and not through gear boxes, gear
trains etc. The brake need only be of a size sufficient for arresting the loading of persons and
the basket, together with some dynamic allowance. In the event of failure of the prime
mover to re-start, it should be possible to recover the load by manual means.
Cranes which are suitable for man-riding duties should be clearly marked "SUITABLE FOR
MAN-RIDING DUTIES" at the crane operator's control location.
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4.8.2 Winches
All winches should be designed:
with winch controls that automatically return to neutral on release in any operating
position; and
with automatic brakes which will apply whenever the operating lever is returned to neutral
or on loss of power; and
without a clutch or other device capable of disengaging the drive.
4.8.3 Man Riding Winches

Winches to be used for man-riding duties should additionally be designed:
with a secondary brake to prevent the load from falling in the event of failure of the
automatic brake;
with devices to prevent the winch rope from over- winding or under-winding;
with provision for spooling the wire on the drum to prevent damage or entanglement, this
may include the provision of sufficient fleet angle to ensure the wire spools correctly;
to be capable of lowering the load in the event of an emergency, such as loss of power;
with a brake holding which is less than the minimum breaking load of the rope and more
than the maximum line pull of the winch in the man-riding mode of operation; if a high
load is applied to the winch, the brake must render before the breaking load of the rope is
reached; and
with a suitable guard over the drum to provide protection to the operator in the event of
rope breakage. Such a guard should not inhibit the ability of the operator to see the
spooling action of the rope on the drum.
All man-riding winches shall be clearly labelled "SUITABLE FOR MAN -RIDING".
4.9
Surveys and Inspection
In determining the scope and extent of surveys, due account should be taken of applicable
legislative requirements and the various recommendations on examinations or tests given in this
section, together with the results of any such examinations or tests previously carried out.
For cranes, at least one full load test should be witnessed by a competent person.
Where examinations or tests are proposed for the purpose (or consideration) of crane certification,
the competent person should be consulted in advance with a view to agreeing the basis for their
acceptance. Agreement that the results of the examinations or tests are recorded and reported in a
manner that meets this purpose should also be sought from the competent person.
Surveys may need to be brought forward if the competent person is of the opinion that a crane has
experienced excessive loading or overloading.
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4.10 Documentation
An appropriate operations manual should contain particulars of the relevant Lifting Devices. As a
minimum, the contents should include general arrangements for the machinery and equipment,
wiring and piping diagrams where appropriate, and instructions for the operation of the devices. The
manual should contain operating limits, checks and test procedures, which are required to be carried
out to ensure safe operation of the equipment.
Any special instruction for safe operation of appliances, such as those for man-riding winches in
section 4.8, should be noted.
All Lifting Devices should have an appropriate maintenance manual which gives details of
servicing, repair, essential spares holdings and any special tools required for maintenance purposes.
All Lifting Devices should be provided with a test certificate containing the following
information:
type description;
model description;
serial number;
description;
classification of mechanism (where powered);
rated capacity of hoisting or hauling;
test load applied;
name and address of manufacturer;
name and status of signatory; and
date of equipment test & date of issue of certificate.
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5 DESIGN OF OFFSHORE LIFTING GEAR

5.1
Introduction
This section of the guidelines covers the general requirements for the design of Lifting Gear as
distinct from Lifting Devices such as cranes, winches, etc. Guidelines for the design of Lifting
Devices for offshore use are presented in Section 4.
Rigging can be selected by equipment users from manufacturers handbooks provided the factors of
safety given in section 5.4 below are met and the load does not exceed approximately 25 tonnes (the
arbitrarily selected limit for Engineering Lifts). It is anticipated that in due course rigging suppliers
will have catalogues available of Lifting Gear suitable for offshore lifting.
Where offshore loads exceed 25 tonnes an engineered lift should be considered [refer to AS 1666.2
(1995), section 9c]. In these cases design of all Lifting Gear should be performed by qualified
engineers experienced in offshore lifting.
With respect to the design of Lifted Equipment regardless of the lifted load, it is expected that the
design will be performed by qualified engineers experienced in offshore lifting. Refer to clause
2.6 for competency requirements.
5.2
Design Approach for Engineered Lifts
For the design of Lifting Gear to be used for an engineered lift the design engineers tasks should
include but not be limited to:
ensuring that design criteria are acceptable to the user of the Lifting Equipment; and
addressing all relevant design conditions including transport, installation, loading &
unloading, operation, temperature and fatigue considerations.
The design should consider but not be limited to:
weight uncertainty;
weight growth potential;
uncertainty in Centre of Gravity;
dynamic amplification factor (DAF) ;
diagonalling effects;
local eccentricities arising from pad eye connection details;
drag loads on equipment to be lifted in water;
reviewing the load Radius Chart for the Lifting Device (Crane) taking into account the
weight of crane rope over the head sheave, the weight of the hook and hook block, and the
weight of the rigging as part of the load weight;
maximum hoist speed;
Wave height and period.
Wind speed
For engineered lifts where the rigging for a particular load has been specifically designed the
rigging requirements shall be noted in a work order or preferably attached to the load (eg, a plate
which reads "For Rigging requirement refer to Drg. No. ... ").
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5.3
Over Chart Lifts
An "over chart" lift (ie. a lift that exceed the load radius curves for the crane in question) is an
engineered lift and an analysis shall be carried out in close liaison with the Lifting Equipment
manufacturer, the installation contractor and the Operator. The Dynamic Amplification Factor
(DAF) may be reduced by limiting the sea state in which the lift can be carried out. In the case of
deck or onshore lifts the hoisting speed can be controlled to limit the dynamic effects.
These limitations shall be clearly shown on the design drawings, which are to be duly signed
"Accepted for Lift" by the engineer accepting overall responsibility.
For offshore lifts, codes such as "DNV Marine Operations Part 2 Chapter 5" and "Lloyds Code for
Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment" provide guidance.
5.4
Design of Rigging
These guidelines vary the required factors of safety for rigging depending on whether the rigging is
to be used offshore or onshore. The dynamic factors of safety are based on findings of the field
study Investigation of Dynamic Amplification Effects During Offshore Lifting Reference 65.
Non-dynamic factors of safety are addressed in a discussion paper on Factors of Safety for Lifting
Slings used in Offshore Supply Boat Operations Reference 64.
The following equation is based on a similar equation provided in AS 1666.2 (1995) section 9 and
includes a material factor (Rm) such that it can be used universally for both chain and wire rope
slings.
The SWL of an offshore sling assembly shall be calculated from the equation:
SWL = (Rc Rm Rt Ro) x P
4 x 9.81
Equation
1.
Where
SWL =
P
=
Safe Working Load of an offshore sling assembly (in tonnes)

Minimum Breaking Force (kN) for the individual rope,
chain or webbing which comprises the assembly
Rc
Factor for Sling Assembly Configuration
(refer Table 1 AS1666.2 (1995))
Rm
Material Factor
(refer Table 5.4.1 )
Rt
Termination Factor
Ro
Operational Factor
Table 5.4.1
Material Factor (Rm)

Sling Type
Rm
Chain and Lifting Components (Ref AS3775)
1.0
Wire Rope
1.0
Flat Synthetic Webbing Slings
0.57
Round Synthetic Slings
0.57
Shackles (Grades S&T Only)
0.80
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Table 5.4.2
Termination Factor (Rt)

Sling Type
Rt
Chain and Lifting Components (Ref AS3776)

Wire Rope
1.0
1.0 - 0.8
(refer Table 2 AS 1666.2 1995)
Flat Webbing
0.875
Round Slings
1.0
Shackles
1.0
Table 5.4.3
Operational Factor (Ro)

Type of Operation
Onshore, Inshore or Platform Lift
(Ro)
1.0
Offshore Lift (Hs max 3.0m)

Lift Weight 6 tonnes
0.69
6 tonnes < Lift Weight 10 tonnes
0.69-0.81
10 tonnes < Lift Weight 25 tonnes
0.81-0.92
Personnel Lift
Note:
1.
2.
3.
4.
0.40
For Lift Weight > 6 tonnes, Ro may be obtained by linear interpolation between
the parameters specified.
Where the lift weight is not measured, the uncertainty of the lift weight shall be
considered.
Where the Factor of Safety for wire ropes, predicted herein, is less than the
Factor of Safety as specified in AS1666(1995) the greater value shall be applied.
Hs ; Significant wave Height
The Safe Working Load (SWL) can also be expressed in terms of a Factor of Safety (FOS):
SWL =
Rc P
FOS x 9.81
Where
FOS
4/(Rm Rt Ro)
Equation.
Where the Factor of Safety as specified in Equation 2 is less than the Factor of Safety as specified
in AS1666(1995) for wire rope, the greater value shall be applied. Equation 2 is consistent with the
explicit application of termination efficiency where AS1666(1976) is based on the poorest
performing termination. Although equation 2 would allow a minimum Factor of Safety for a
conventional ferrule secured wire rope sling of 4.21 this guideline is adopting a minimum Factor of
Safety of 5.26 (or 5/Rt where Rt = 0.95 for ferrule secured wire rope) as recommended in
AS1666(1995). It should be noted that for a similar sling the Factor of Safety as specified in
AS1666(1976) would be 5 which includes consideration of the termination efficiency. For further
discussion on the inconsistency of the application of termination efficiency between AS1666(1976)
and AS1666(1995) refer to Reference 64. The Factor of Safety for chains and wire rope are
provided as a function of SWL in Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively.
Table 5.4.4 lists recommended Factors of Safety for commonly used slings in offshore and onshore
operations for direct loaded lifting arrangements. Values for other types of operations may be
determined by substituting the appropriate values of Rm, Rt and Ro in Equation 2.
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Table 5.4.4
Recommended Factors of Safety for Commonly Used Slings
Type of
Operation
Chain Sling
Rt= 1.0
Rm = 1.0
Ro
Onshore or
Platform lift
Wire Rope
Rt=0.95,
Rm =1.00
5.26
(Theoretical
value = 4.21)
Flat Webbing
Rt=.875
Rm=.57
Round Webbing
Rt=1.0
Rm=.57
1.00
Lift Weight <= 6
0.69
5.8
6.1
11.6
10.2
Lift Weight= 10
0.81
5.0
5.26*
9.9
8.7
Lift Weight =25
0.92
4.4
5.26*
8.7
7.7
Offshore Boat Lift

(Hs=3.0m Max)
Note: 1.
2.
3.
Lift weight in tonnes

Where the lift weight is not measured, the uncertainty of the lift weight shall be considered.
Where the Factor of Safety for wire ropes, predicted herein, is less than the Factor of Safety as
specified in AS1666(1995) the greater value shall be applied. *
Figure 1.
Effective FOS for Chain Sling for Offshore Boat Lifts

Effective FoS - Chain
(Hs < 3.0m, Rt = 1, Rm = 1)
6
5.8
APPEA (OFFSHORE)
Factor of Safety
5
4.4
4
AS3775 - 1990 (ONSHORE)
0
0
10
15
Safe Working Load (tonnes)
Page 17
20
25
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Figure 2.
Effective FOS for Wire Rope Sling for Offshore Boat Lifts
(Ferrule Secured Terminations)
Effective FoS - Wire Rope
(Hs < 3.0m, Rt = 0.95, Rm =1)
6.1
6
APPEA (OFFSHORE)
5.3
5
Factor of Safety
AS1666 -1995 (ONSHORE)

4
0
0
10
15
20
25
Safe Working Load (tonnes)
5.5
Access to Crane Hook for Marine Crews Fifth Leg Assemblies
Rigging assemblies should be of sufficient length to allow a rigger at ground or deck level to
connect the rigging assembly to the crane hook from the outside of the Lifted Equipment. During
lifting, the recommended included angle between the sling and the horizontal at pad eye level is 60
degrees.
Rigging assemblies with an included (apex) angle greater than 90 degrees must be approved by the
operator prior to use.
In some instances, consideration should be given to attaching a fifth leg to the top of the assembly
to ensure the top end of the rigging assembly can reach to within one metre of the deck.
Whilst the inclusion of a 5th leg will greatly assist supply vessel deck crews, it does delete the
inherent redundancy in a 4 leg assembly. For this reason a 4 leg assembly is preferred.
Prior to the issue of these Guidelines the WADME stipulated a FOS of 6.5 for single leg
assemblies. Any requirement for the continued use of this FOS should be checked with WADME.
5.6
Diagonalling
For loads up to approximately 25 tonnes using 2, 3 and 4 point lifts, the total load should be taken
by 2 slings as required by AS1666(1995).
Diagonalling effects should be considered for both Lifted Equipment (including pad eyes) and the
rigging. (Not applicable to engineered lifts)
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5.7
Specific Requirements for Offshore Use
5.7.1 Synthetic Slings (Refer AS 1353.17.2-1997, AS 4497.1&.2 -1997)

Synthetic slings shall not be used on Offshore Containers. Synthetic slings may be used where hard
slings would cause damage to the lifted load or where safety may be enhanced by their use.
Factors of safety for both types of slings are given in Section 5.4. Synthetic slings are manufactured
from nylon, polyester, polypropylene and Aramid Polyamide and their labels are coloured green,
blue, brown and yellow respectively.
Only polyester (blue label) slings are considered suitable for offshore service.
Synthetic slings are more susceptible to damage than other types of slings and special procedures
should be developed for storage, inspection, identification, tagging and discard criteria.
Load testing requirements are covered in the above mentioned codes. It is generally accepted that
it is more economical to replace used slings than retest them, particularly in the smaller sizes.
5.7.2 Safety Shackles
It is preferred to use safety shackles rather than screw pin shackles. Where screw pin shackles are
used, the pins must be suitably seized using seizing wire. Plastic cable ties shall not be used to
secure pins. Shackles can be supplied as Grade S or Grade T. Generally Grade S shackles are
preferred.
5.7.3 Eyebolts
Eye-bolts shall not be used for offshore boat lifts.
5.7.4 Chain Slings
Chain slings manufactured from grade T chain (Australian Standard AS2321) have been
traditionally the preferred chain slings for offshore use. As a result of documented failures during
offshore lifts with grade T chain slings, manufactured using boron modified material, chain slings
should comply with the following guidelines.
All new purchases of chain slings for offshore use shall specify chain slings to ISO 3076 or
ISO 7593 until such time as Australian Standards are upgraded.
Existing slings using AS2321 grade T chain made from boron modified material may still
be used for lifts where there is redundancy in the rigging arrangement (4 leg assemblies).
They shall not be used for single or two leg sling lifts where there is no redundancy.
Where chain slings are used for Offshore Lifting Operations a minimum chain size of 10mm should
be adopted.
5.7.5 Wire Rope Slings
Where wire rope slings are used for Offshore Lifting Operations a minimum diameter of 13mm
should be adopted.
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5.8
Design of Offshore Container Pad Eyes & Their Attachment
Pad eyes for Lifted Equipment up to a maximum weight of approximately 25 tonnes that are
intended for repeated use should be designed on the following basis:
The dynamic amplification factor (DAF) is to be taken from the graph in Appendix D
based on the total lifted load.
The Design Load shall be taken as the Resulting Sling Force (RSF) times the DAF.
The resulting sling load will take into account of the sling angle (apex angle of 60 degrees
is common) and the diagonalling effects described in Clause 5.6.
The load factor described in Clause 2.2 of AS1170.1 SAA loading code shall be taken as
1.0 on the basis that the maximum static load is known accurately.
Pad eye local capacity checks should be conducted using AS4100 Steel Structures
Code, Clause 7.5.
A lateral load of 5% times RSF shall be applied concurrently with the RSF. The lateral
load shall be multiplied by the DAF. The lateral load shall be applied perpendicular to the
plane of the pad eye at a minimum height of the shackle pin centre line.
The combined actions of the biaxial bending and tension should be checked using AS4100
Steel Structures Code, Clause 8.3.4.
The above approach assumes the use of Australian Standards. The use of equivalent internationally
recognised standards is also acceptable.
The steel grade used for pad eyes shall be clearly specified on the design drawings. It is recognised
that 350 grade is widely used but where pad eyes are being checked on an existing container the
designer shall assume that grade 250 steel has been used unless justification for a higher grade
exists.
Hole sizes in pad eyes should be bored or drilled to provide a diameter equal to the shackle pin
diameter plus 3mm or 4% greater than the shackle pin diameter, whichever gives the larger hole.
The thickness of the pad eye should be at least 75% of the shackle width to avoid twisting the
shackle. The maximum thickness of the pad eye shall be such that a total minimum gap of 5mm is
maintained to avoid binding. Bolted on pad eyes should not be used on offshore containers.
5.9
Design of Lifted Equipment (Offshore Containers)
Lifted Equipment consisting of structural steelwork such as: offshore containers, skids, skips,
frames and bins which are intended for repeated use shall be designed in accordance with DNV
2.7-1.
The container shall be checked for two conditions as follows:
4 point lift in accordance with Clause 3.2.1.1 of DNV 2.7-1.
2 point lift in accordance with Clause 3.7.1.3 of DNV 2.7-1.
The allowable stress for both conditions is given in clause 3.2 of DNV 2.7-1. Structural designers
attention is also drawn to clause 3.2.3 of the DNV certification notes 2.7.1 regarding minimum
material thickness.
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Where a material other than structural steel is used, a design engineer should determine the
appropriate design standards and load factors.
5.10 ISO Containers used as Lifted Equipment

Sea (ISO) Containers can be described as containers built for international shipping and are
designed to carry general purpose cargo internationally and interstate. They generally have twist
lock type corner fittings for lifting with a purpose built frame. Sea (ISO) containers are not
specifically designed for use as offshore containers in operations associated with the offshore
petroleum industry.
It is recommended that the use of such containers as "lifted equipment" be phased out as soon as
possible. The use of ISO containers and their transportation offshore is not precluded provided they
are not lifted equipment. Such use is not covered by these guidelines.
A target date of December 31st 2000 has been set for the complete phase out of ISO containers as
lifted equipment.. Contractors are advised to check with individual operators for their requirements
with respect to the phase out of ISO shipping containers. During the transition period, the following
guidelines should apply to their use as offshore containers:
they should not be loaded above 40% of their ISO Maximum Gross Mass (MGM) rating
(Refer to CSC plate on container) and,
should be inspected & tested in accordance with Appendices F & H;
all lifting should be conducted using pad eyes. Twist lock fittings shall not be used for
lifting;
there should be trace-ability of the material used for pad eyes fitted to the container and of
all welding carried out on the container;
Open top ISO containers should not be used as offshore containers.
Closed ISO containers of greater than 6 metres (20 ft) in length should not be used as
offshore containers.
prior to any intended offshore use, thorough inspections should be carried out on the
containers floor support members and door latching mechanisms. These are critical to the
containers integrity;
inspections should be conducted by competent persons. Refer to clause 2.4.2

competency requirements; and
for
fork-lift pockets shall only be used for onshore lifting.

Prior to the container phase out date, inspection and testing of ISO shipping containers used in the
offshore oil and gas industry should be performed according to the APPEA Guidelines for the Phase
Out of ISO Shipping Containers (Refer Appendix H).
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5.11 Design of Sub-sea Lifts

Sub-sea lifts are a specialised form of lift the design of which should only be undertaken by
qualified engineers with experience in this area. Generally, the design of Lifting Equipment
should follow the same approach as that for a similar lift in air. Sub-sea Lifting Equipment should
be designed in accordance with DNV Marine Operations, Part 2 Chapter 6 - Sub-Sea Operations
or a recognised equivalent standard. The lift design should take into account factors specific to the
offshore environment in which the lift is being conducted. As a minimum, consideration should be
given to the following factors associated with sub-sea lifts, many of which are highly dependent on
the shape of the equipment being lifted:
Viscous drag due to diversion of water around the Lifted Equipment (noting that velocity
of equipment in water = winch velocity plus angular velocity due to vessel roll).
Reduced mass of the Lifted Equipment in water due to buoyancy.
Near surface and near seabed stability due to the vibration absorption/amplification of the
surrounding fluid.
When the Lifted Equipment is at or just above the air/water interface, allowing for the
mass of the water to be temporarily supported when waves break over the equipment.
Suction when lifting off the sea bed.
When in water, force due to the apparent additional inertia from accelerated water
= mass of water x g x (DAF - 1.0).
Force due to equipment, marine growth and sediments
= mass of items in water x g x DAF.
As the hook of the Lifting Device will rise and fall in the water due to vessel roll, rigging for
Lifted Equipment needs to be of sufficient length to avoid the hook striking divers, ROVs and
other sub-sea equipment in the vicinity of the lift. Pad eyes and rigging should be of a suitable
colour and of sufficient size to enable easy location and use by divers or ROVs.
Many of the above factors can be reduced by the use of specialised equipment and techniques.
When a self-compensating winch or other line load control system is used, the effects of vessel roll
on dynamics and velocity in water may be reduced. When an item is lifted off the seabed, suction
effects can be reduced by sliding before raising. Excessive mass due to marine growth and
entrapped sediments may be removed prior to lifting.
The above factors cannot be avoided by assuming motion of the Lifted Equipment is always
downward, as any requirement to stop lowering prior to placement, either planned or in emergency,
may result in their occurrence.
5.12 Materials of Construction and Fabrication Requirements
Fabrication of Lifting Equipment shall be in accordance with recognised international or
Australian standards.
All materials should be suitable and safe for their intended purpose; for the fabrication, transport,
installation and use of Lifting Equipment; and to comply with the requirements for materials in
nominated Australian or international standards. Particular attention should be paid to the fracture
toughness of materials.
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Vendors and fabricators should have quality management systems equivalent to ISO9001, ISO9002
or ISO9003. All materials used in the fabrication of Lifting Equipment shall have documentation
in accordance with the contractors quality control procedures to demonstrate trace-ability. As
applicable, some or all of this documentation may be required to support the equipment register.
5.13 Documentation New Build Lifted Equipment
All Lifted Equipment should be issued with a Certificate of Conformity prior to their initial proof
load testing. This must be issued as a separate document or as a dedicated section included on the
Load Test Certificate and must be signed by an endorsed signatory of the "body" (refer to section
2.6 Designers & Verifiers of Lifted Equipment, Lifting Devices and Rigging for Engineered Lifts).
The Certificate of Conformity should contain the following information:
Assurance that the lifted item (container) has been designed, fabricated to offshore Lifting
Equipment" standards (eg. DNV, Lloyds etc.). The owner of the equipment shall retain the
certificate.
Tank containers that are required to comply with the International Maritime Dangerous
Goods (IMDG) regulations, should also be certified in accordance with the IMDG code.
The certificate of conformity shall be based on the following documentation, collated in an as
built dossier, which shall be retained by the lifted equipment owner:
structural calculations;
drawings;
specifications for welding procedures;
welder qualifications;
material certificates;
report on trace-ability of materials;
report from fabrication inspection;
report from non-destructive examination;
report from prototype testing;
report from proof testing; and
report from final inspection.
The "Certificate of Conformity" shall contain the following information:
item fabrication number;
the Certificate number;
description of the item including;
Page 23
APPEA
external dimensions;
number of lifting points;
name of fabricator;
date of fabrication;
maximum gross weight in kilograms;
tare weight in kilograms;
net weight in kilograms;
reference to the as built dossier;
the total gross weight in kilograms applicable to the all points lifting test and the actual
method of test;
specification of lifting set;
angle of legs (from horizontal);
shackle bolt diameter;
required safety factor (against breaking);
conformity to other requirements and codes;
a statement that the item has been designed, fabricated and tested in accordance with
this guideline;
remarks; and
signature on behalf of the certifying body.
Proprietary devices and Lifted Equipment, such as drum lifters, plate clamps, etc, should have a
test certificate and be accompanied by a maintenance and operating manual (where required) and
should only be used for onshore, inshore and on platform lifts.
5.14 Documentation for Existing Lifted Equipment
It is recommended that a Certificate of Conformity be issued for existing Lifted Equipment at the
next due date for periodic load testing with final compliance date being 4 years after the initial issue
of these guidelines. If all the requirements for issuing a Certificate of Conformity cannot be met
then the date of the next scheduled load test may be extended by a maximum of 3 months to permit
load testing under these guidelines to be carried out. During this period the item of lifted equipment
may continue to be used.
The minimum requirement to enable a Certificate of Conformity to be issued for existing Lifted
Equipment are as follows:
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APPEA
Existing Lifted Equipment is inspected in accordance with Section 8 and Appendix I

and found to have passed the certified visual inspection and NDT where appropriate (eg.
Pad eyes).
Pad eye designs should be reviewed by an experienced Engineer (refer to clause 2.6 for
competency requirements) to ensure compliance with clause 5.8. Where pad eyes do not
meet this standard they should be modified appropriately.
The design of the item has been reviewed by an experienced Engineer (refer to clause
2.6 for competency requirements). The review should confirm that the item of Lifted
Equipment has sufficient structural integrity to pass load tests specified in Table F.2. of
Appendix F.
Load testing of Lifted Equipment is conducted by an appropriate body in accordance

with Table F.2. of Appendix F.
Load testing of rigging is conducted by an appropriate body in accordance with Table

F.3. of Appendix F.
Rigging shall meet the requirements of Appendix C, where existing rigging is retained
some reduction in the maximum SWL may be required.
5.15 Initial Load Tests for Lifted Equipment

New lifted equipment as listed in section 1.3 shall be proof load tested to the requirements of
Appendix F.4. For competency requirements refer to section 2.5.1.
The accrediting body may request a drop test of containers when verifying a design for the first
time. Precautions should be taken when securing test loads, particularly for a 2 point lifting test.
The container shall be considered to have passed the initial load test provided there is no permanent
deformation of the container. Deformation can readily be measured using two taut wires strung
between the diagonal corners of the container.
The test masses shall normally be evenly distributed inside the item. When the designer of new
equipment or the design verifier* of existing equipment considers it impracticable to apply
sufficient test load inside an item (other than an offshore container) then the designer or design
verifier shall recommend a method of load test for the item. If it is not possible to place all the test
mass inside the item, some of it may be placed outside or under the item, provided that this gives a
loading on the structure similar to the distribution of the item loading in operating conditions.
(*refer to 2.6 for competency requirements
Note: The alternate method of test loading described above does not apply to offshore freight
containers. All offshore containers MUST have the full test load evenly distributed over the floor
area.
5.16 Non Destructive Testing (Offshore Containers Including ISO Containers)
NDT at fabrication shall include inspection of the lifting points (pad eyes) and the connections
immediately adjacent to the lifting points as a minimum.
Consideration should also be given to the NDT inspection of all primary members and their
connections.
NDT inspection shall be conducted by an appropriate inspection body. Refer to Clause 2.5 for
competency requirements.
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6 DESIGN OF TANKS FOR FLUIDS

In addition to complying with other relevant design codes and requirements, tank containers for
fluids shall be suitable for offshore service.
Tanks which could be used to transport fluids shall be designed to conform to relevant sections of:
AS 1692
Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids
AS/NZ 3711.6
Tank Containers
IMDG Code
DNV 2.7-1
Certification Notes - Offshore Containers
EN 12079:1999
Offshore Containers Design, Construction, Testing, Inspection and

marking
These guidelines for offshore tanks for fluids coincide with the requirements of DNV 2.7-1, section
3.5 and EN12079, section 5.5.
The following is an extract from EN12079:
Tanks for dangerous cargoes shall fulfil the requirements of the IMDG Code and shall be
designed according to recognised rules for pressure vessels. A tank and its support shall be
able to withstand lifting and impact loads. In addition, due account shall be taken of fluid
surge arising from partly filled tanks.
Note: Chapter 13 of the general introduction to the IMDG Code does not allow tanks with a length
above 3m to be handled by fork-lift in a loaded condition. Special protection of the tank and fittings
in the area near the fork pockets is required.
On tank containers for dangerous cargoes, all parts of the tank and fittings shall be suitably
protected from impact damage by a frame, suitable for offshore service where applicable. In
addition to the IMDG Code, the following shall apply:
Beams, plates or grating, shall protect the top of the tank and its fittings. No part of the
tank or its fittings shall extend above a level 100mm below the top of the framework. It
shall not be possible for any part of the lifting set to foul fittings, manhole cleats or other
protrusions on the tank.
Protective beams shall be placed at or near the location where the tank shell is nearest to
the outer plane of the sides. Beams shall be spaced sufficiently close together to give the
necessary protection.
At the maximum calculated elastic deflection of any side member, the residual clearance
between the member and any part of the tank shell or its fittings shall be at least 10mm.
No part of the underside of the tank shell (including sumps), the bottom valves or other
fittings shall extend below a level 150mm above the bottom of the framework. Any such
part extending below a level 300mm above the bottom of the framework shall be
protected by beams or plating.
Tank containers designed with direct connection between the tank and the side or top frame
elements shall be subject to special consideration by the operator or during operation to
avoid damage.
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APPEA
7 MARKING OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT

7.1
General
All Lifting Equipment shall be marked with an individual identification code (Unique Number)
and the safe working load (SWL) as determined from the design. Where appropriate, for certain
Lifted Equipment, the SWL may be replaced by the tare mass and maximum gross mass. The
identification code shall enable the operator to link the manufacturer and test certification numbers.
For contractor owned equipment, this code should include unique character(s) or colour to indicate
the owner.
Where equipment is used both for onshore and offshore lifts it shall be marked with the offshore
SWL rating.
7.2
Marking of Lifting Devices
7.2.1 Fixed Location Pad Eyes

Valid certified pad eyes which have undergone proof loading and non destructive testing should be
identifiable at point of location with the pad eye centrally positioned in a 30 cm x 30 cm painted
square (minimum size). The SWL and the identification number should be stencilled with the text
and background in contrasting colours.
7.3
Marking of Lifted Equipment
Lifted Equipment including equipment containers, skips, baskets, frames and similar items are
expected to be marked with the information as shown on examples of marking plates provided in
Appendix I or a similar alternative.
All characters marked on the container (eg. Tare, Nett and Gross) should be durable, of
proportionate width and thickness and in a colour contrasting with that of the container. The
markings should be clearly legible and, if painted, stencilled.
Manufacturers plates should be of a suitable size for the required information as indicated in
Appendix I and should be of durable material (eg; stainless steel or marine grade aluminium) and
securely fixed in a visible but protected location.
Inspection & test plates should be of a suitable size as indicated in Appendix I. The plates should be
updated or replaced when either load testing, NDT or certified visual inspection is carried out.
Containers and tanks used for dangerous cargoes should be marked according to the requirements of
the IMDG Code, in addition to the marking requirements of this Section.
7.4
Container and Roof Identification Markings
Each container should be marked with a container number issued by the owner as a unique
identification, which should be the common cross-reference on all in service certification, shipping
documentation, etc.
The container number shall be prominently displayed on all sides of the container (as viewed from
ground level) in characters of contrasting colour, not less than 75 mm high.
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APPEA
If the container has a roof, the container number should be displayed on the roof, in characters not
less than 300 mm high (or less if space is limited). The marking should be carried out in such a way
as to avoid incorrect interpretation (eg. by underlining). Where applicable, the lower edge marking
should be positioned near the side of the container in which the door is located.
7.5
Lifting Frame and Beam Markings
The minimum marking required for each lifting frame and lifting beam should include ID No,
TARE and SWL. The marking should be done using 50 mm letters. Where required, the design
approval number allocated by the relevant Statutory Authority should be added. Where no suitable
location exists, painted markings down to 25 mm on a securely fixed plate are acceptable. Stamped
markings should not be less than 8 mm in height.
7.6
Marking of Rigging
The appropriate Australian Standards provide all marking details for rigging. Wire rope rigging
assemblies shall be tagged in accordance with AS1666.1 Section 7. Chain rigging assemblies shall
be tagged in accordance with AS3775 Section 8.
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APPEA
8 PERIODIC INSPECTION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE

8.1
General
The periodic inspection, testing, and maintenance (including repairs) of all Lifting Equipment,
including contractor owned, shall be conducted by competent personnel. Periodic inspection,
testing and maintenance shall be conducted in a manner to ensure safety to people and plant. When
requested, contractors must supply the operator with copies of all relevant certificates before the
Lifting Equipment is used at any location under the operators jurisdiction.
A specific inspection, maintenance and testing plan should be developed for each Lifting Device,
each item of Lifted Equipment and rigging assembly or item. Where a Safety Case is in place this
plan should be risk based and developed in accordance with the appropriate safety case guidelines.
The inspection, testing and maintenance plan should consider the following factors:
manufacturers recommendations;
statutory requirements;
relevant historical data;
frequency of use; and
operational environmental conditions.
The plan should address:
periodical inspection and maintenance routines (eg. weekly, annual);
a feedback loop to allow modifications to routines based on performance;
procedures for documenting results of inspections and tests;
procedure for colour coding inspected and tested equipment; and
inspectors responsibility and qualification matrix.
Records of testing, inspection, maintenance, repair and modification should be included in the
Lifting Equipment Register.
All Lifting Equipment shall be visually checked prior to each use by appropriately certified crane
driver, dogger or rigger (as applicable). This inspection should ensure that:
equipment is appropriate for load to be applied;
equipment is in good condition;
equipment is correctly labelled
Non complying equipment shall be tagged and either removed from site or repaired.
Scheduled testing and inspections should include test loading, non-destructive testing (NDT) and
visual inspection (as appropriate). Recommended inspection and testing frequencies are provided in
Appendix F.
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APPEA
Variations to these recommended frequencies are acceptable where a reliability based approach is in
place under a facilitys safety case.
8.2
Lifting Devices
8.2.1 Inspection Before and After Proof Loading

For Lifting Devices and associated rigging, inspection should be performed in accordance with
the Australian Standards.
For equipment not covered by Australian Standards, the equipment owner in conjunction with the
inspector should select the most appropriate of those inspection requirements provided in AS 1418
for other devices.
For specially fabricated devices such as overhead pad eyes, the requirements for Lifted
Equipment should be applied.
8.3
Lifted Equipment
The following requirements for inspection apply to Lifted Equipment. Note that these
requirements are based on DNV recommendations for periodic inspection of Lifted Equipment.
These requirements are guidelines for inspection or repair organisations to develop their own
detailed work instructions or procedures. These requirements should be subject to the equipment
owner and/or users approval.
All Lifted Equipment should be periodically inspected by an appropriate body. Refer to Clause
2.4.2 for competency requirements.
The inspection should meet the following requirements:
prior to testing, key dimensions and straightness should be measured;
structure should be visually examined for corrosion, mechanical damage and injurious
deformation;
all accessible load bearing welds should be visually examined to ensure freedom from
defects;
the lifting points should be visually examined for distortion, mechanical damage or any
other sign of distress or overload;
doors, frames, seals, hinges, locks etc. should be visually examined and functionally
checked to ensure that they operate in a satisfactory manner without undue force being
required;
the floor should be visually examined to check that it is substantially flat with no sign of
distress or overload. Drainage facilities, where fitted should be examined, eg. drain holes
should be clear of debris etc.;
the paint markings and plates should be checked to see that they meet the
recommendations of this document;
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APPEA
inspect lifting set for: rating, condition, currency of test etc.;
if due or required proof load test.;
after completion of a proof test load, the equipment should be re-examined for signs of
permanent deformation caused by the test. Any deformation or weld defect caused by the
load test shall result in the withdrawal of the equipment from service until all such faults
have been corrected and a further satisfactory load test completed;
NDT by the method nominated on the drawings if due, or required;
welds to all pad eyes and members directly supporting pad eyes should be subject to
100% magnetic particle inspection (MPI); and
where it is determined that a fault is related to design or fabrication quality, a modification

or repair method shall be developed, and approved by the responsible person, before
commencement of any rectification works.
Detailed guidelines for the inspection, testing and marking of offshore containers are provided in
Appendix I APPEA Guidelines for the Inspection Testing and Marking of Offshore Containers.
Where proof loading is not a viable option, (ie. where access for loading is restricted such as for
transportable buildings with small doorways) structural assessment of the container may be
determined by a certified visual inspection. The certified visual inspection of the container shall be
conducted by an appropriate inspection body. Refer to Clause 2.4.2 for competency requirements.
For inspection requirements refer to Appendix I.
8.4
Rigging
8.4.1 Proof Loading of Rigging used for Offshore Lifting (Boat Lifts)
The rigging for the Lifted Equipment shall be subject to a proof force that is not less than 40% of
the rated minimum breaking load (MBL) of the member.
Proof Load
= 40% x Rt x Rm x MBL,
Where Rt and Rm are defined in section 5.4

The sling shall withstand the application of the proof force, without sustaining damage that may
affect its intended function or safety. The sling shall also be free from any deleterious permanent set
or defects visible to the unaided eye.
AS1666 (wire rope) & AS3775 (chain) testing requirements for individual legs of a multi leg
assembly shall be complied with.
Proof load testing of rigging and NDT testing as appropriate shall be conducted by an appropriate
body. Refer to Clause 2.5 and 2.5.1 for competency requirements.
After proof loading has been completed, the sling or slings shall be marked with a safe working
load as determined in accordance with these Guidelines. The safe working load shall be marked on
the sling or slings in a manner which is in accordance with AS1666 or AS3775 as applicable.
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APPEA
For all sling assemblies (both chain and wire rope), AS1666 1995 requires that the head ring be
tested separately from the rigging attached to it. Refer to AS1666 1995 for further details.
Test frequencies and other test requirements are included in Appendix F, Tables F2 and F3.
8.5
Repairs and Modifications to Lifting Equipment
Repairs and modifications to Lifting Devices should be carried out to conform with the original
manufacturers specification and in accordance with Section 4. For Lifted Equipment where it is
not clear whether a member is structural or not, guidance should be sought from a qualified design
engineer. Design changes that alter the original structural details or safe working load capabilities of
the Lifting Equipment should be approved by a qualified design engineer. Refer to clause 2.6 for
competency requirements.
Lifting Equipment shall be proof load tested following repairs involving modifications or heat
application to structural members.
All repairs or modifications should be recorded in the Lifting Equipment Register (Section 3).
Page 32
APPEA
9 SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURES

9.1
Lifting Operations between Platforms and Vessels
9.1.1 Planning
The Australian Offshore Support Vessel Code of Safe Working Practice provides guidance on
lifting operations between platforms and vessels.
The safe conduct of lifting operations involving the transfer of cargo between a platform and a
vessel require planning and a high level of communications among the parties involved in these
operations.
Prior to the start of any lifting operations, the communications between the person in charge of the
facility and the Master of the vessel, or their appointed deputies, should address the following
issues:
the suitability of existing and forecast weather conditions for the required lifting
operations involving the vessel;
communications arrangements between the facility and the vessel during the lifting
operation;
any limitations or restrictions affecting, or which may interrupt, the proposed operations;
the nature and weights of the cargo to be transferred and any special lifting requirements;
whether any of the proposed lifts require special consideration, safeguards or controls
during lifting, or special securing arrangements on the vessel;
rigging arrangements to be used and any special rigging requirements; and
procedures to be used in the event of an emergency occurring while lifting operations are
being conducted.
9.1.2 Communications
Safe lifting operations rely on there being effective communications among the Master of the
vessel, the person in charge of the facility, the crane operator, the deck officer in charge on the
vessel and the deck crews on both the facility and the vessel. A reliable radio communication link
on a dedicated channel or frequency should be maintained throughout the operations. The crane
operator on the facility should have direct radio communication with the vessel.
The crane operator should have a clear view of the deck areas on both the facility and the vessel.
Where this is impractical, a dogger should be so stationed as to have a clear view of the deck area to
assist the crane operator. Directions given to the crane operator by the deck crew on the vessel must
only be given by one person who has been clearly identified for that purpose.
9.1.3 Lift Preparation and Handling

Wherever practicable, all lifts should be pre-slung using rigging which conforms to these
guidelines. Rigging should allow the deck crew to connect / disconnect the lift at deck level.
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APPEA
Open cargo baskets containing loose materials should be provided with safety nets or covers to
prevent wind borne discharge of the contents during lifting operations or while in transit. Doors and
lids on closed containers must be securely fastened.
No container should be loaded in excess of its rated capacity. Material should not be added to
containers, skips, cargo baskets, etc already transferred to the deck of a vessel unless it is safe to do
so, the capacity of the container will not be exceeded, and the change to the loading is recorded on
the manifest.
9.2
Personnel Transfers
Personnel baskets (eg. Billy Pugh) should only be used where the use of alternative means of
transferring personnel is impractical or unsafe. They should only be carried out under the authority
of the person in charge of the facility and with the agreement of the personnel being transferred and
the master of the vessel involved.
Each facility should have documented procedures for this type of operation. These procedures
should address the issues identified in these guidelines.
9.2.1 Authority
The person having the authority to approve personnel basket transfers should be clearly identified.
Approval should not be given unless this person is satisfied that the personnel involved agree to the
transfer operations and the transfer can be safely carried out.
9.2.2 Duties
The duties of personnel in supervising or carrying out the personnel basket transfer should be
clearly defined. Generally, this would include the person in charge of the facility, the crane
operator, the Master of the vessel, and other people nominated by the person in charge and the
Master of the vessel to undertake specific duties.
The Person in charge of the facility should:
be aware of the reason for the transfer;
be satisfied with the fitness and training of the people to be transferred;
be satisfied as to the suitability of the vessel;
know the limitations of visibility and sea state;
be aware of the limitations on transfer by night;
be aware of the suitability of the crane for personnel transfer;
check the wind speed limitations on crane operations;
establish satisfactory communications with the Master of the vessel involved in the
transfer;
ensure that participants understand the procedures involved;
be satisfied with the competence and experience of the crane driver; and
be satisfied with the inspection and testing of the personnel basket.
The Master of the vessel should confirm to the person in charge of the facility that:
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APPEA
the transfer has been accepted and the procedures have been understood;
the vessel has a satisfactory station keeping capability;
the deck crew have been fully briefed;
the people to be transferred have been adequately briefed and are fit to be transferred.
The crane operator should ensure that:

the crane is fully operational;
the wind speed is satisfactory for safe operation;
the requirements and procedures involved are clearly understood;
the dogger and the transfer area are clearly visible;
adequate communications have been established.
The dogger and deck supervisor should ensure that:

the transfer procedure is understood;
they are clearly identifiable as dogger and deck supervisor;
the personnel basket is correctly used;
the transferees are fit for transfer and understand the procedures;
proper communications have been established;
respectively they have a full view of the transfer areas.
The personnel basket is connected to the crane by a closed hook
A safety sling is provided between the rigging of the personnel basket and a point on the
crane hoist line above the hook.
Individuals who are to be transferred should:

ensure that they understand the transfer procedure;
confirm that they are agreeable to the transfer;
be able to use correctly the safety equipment provided;
observe all instructions from those in charge of the operation.
9.2.3 Suitability of the vessel

The type of vessel considered suitable to carry out a transfer should be determined by its ability to
maintain station alongside the facility and have sufficient clear deck space to safely receive the
basket.
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APPEA
9.2.4 Weather conditions

Weather conditions are critical factors impacting on the safety of personnel basket transfers. Factors
which should be taken into account include visibility, wind and sea state. Guidelines should be
provided which specify the maximum wind speed and sea state beyond which basket transfer is not
permissible, including the wind speed limitations for crane operations and the effect of weather
conditions on the stability of the vessel.
9.2.5 Communications
Both radio and visual communication should be established and maintained between those
personnel conducting the operation.
9.2.6 Safety equipment and rescue procedures

The procedures should specify the type of safety equipment to be worn by personnel being
transferred and the rescue arrangements made. Personnel being transferred should wear life-jackets,
suitable clothing and other specified safety equipment. Life-jackets should be equipped with
suitable means of illumination during night transfers. The standby vessel should be in close
attendance during transfer, with the rescue boat ready for immediate launching.
9.2.7 Training
Personnel will be transferred by basket in greater safety and with less apprehension if they, and the
personnel conducting the transfer, have received training in the techniques involved. The type of
training required can be included in installation drills. Inexperienced people or those not trained in
the use of personnel baskets should always be accompanied by someone who has been trained in
personnel transfer procedures.
Page 36
APPENDIX A
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Page 37
LEGISLATION
1.
Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act 1967 [P(SL)A]
2.
Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act: Schedule of Special Requirements as to Offshore

Petroleum Exploration and Production
3.
Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act: Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act (Management of

Safety Of Offshore Facilities) Regulations 1996
4.
Navigation Act 1912 and associated Regulations and Marine Orders

MO Part 43 Dangerous Cargoes
MO Part 44 Safe Containers
MO Part 59 "Offshore Support Vessel Operations"
Explosives and Dangerous Goods Act
Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Act
WA: Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984 and Associated Regulations 1996
NT: Work Heath Act 1992
NT: Work Health - Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 1992
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND STANDARDS ETC.

10.
11.
12
AS ISO-1000
AS 1138
AS 1171
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
AS 1163
AS 1353
AS 1380
AS 1418
AS 1438
AS 1504
AS/NZS 1554
AS 1650
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
AS 1657
AS 1664
AS 1666
AS 2068
AS 2076
AS 2089
AS 2207
28.
AS/NZS 2312
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
AS 2317
AS 2318
AS 2319
AS 2321
AS 2550(1982)
AS 2741
AS 2759
AS 3569
AS/NZS 3678
The International System of Units and its Application

Thimbles for Wire Rope
Non-Destructive Testing Magnetic Particle Testing of Ferromagnetic
Products, Components and Structures
Structural Steel Hollow Sections
Fibre Rope Slings
Cranes (Including Hoists and Winches)
Wire - Coil Flat Slings
Fibre Rope Three Strand Hawser Laid
Structural Steel Welding
Hot-Dipped Galvanised Coatings on Ferrous Articles (superseded in part
by AS/NZS 4534 but remains current)
Fixed Platforms, Walkways, Stairways, Ladders,
Aluminium Structures
Wire Rope Slings
Flat Pallets for Materials Handling
Wire Rope Grips for Non-Lifting Applications
Sheave Blocks for Lifting Purposes
Non-Destructive Testing for Ultrasonic Testing of Fusion Welded Joint in
Carbon and Low Alloy Steel
Guide to the Protection of Iron and Steel against Exterior Atmospheric
Corrosion
Collared Eye-bolts
Swivels for Hoists
Rigging Screws and Turnbuckles
Short Link Chain for Lifting Purposes (Non Calibrated)
Cranes - Safe Use
Shackles
Steel Wire Rope - Application Guide
Steel Wire Ropes
Structural Steel - Hot Rolled Plates, Floor Plates and Slabs
Page 38
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
AS/NZS 3679.1
AS/NZS 3679.2
AS 3775
AS 3776
AS 3777
AS 3990
AS 4048
45.
46.
47.
48.
AS 4100
AS 4142
AS 4497
AS B291
Structural Steel - Part 1: Hot Rolled Bars and Sections

Structural Steel - Part 2: Welded I Sections
Chain Slings - Grade T
Lifting Components for Grade T Chain Sling
Shank Hooks and Large Eye Hooks - Maximum 25 Tonne
Mechanical Equipment Steelwork
Flat Pallets for Materials Handling (1100mm x 1100mm Suitable for use in
ISO Series 1 Freight Containers)
Steel Structures
Fibre Rope
Round slings - Synthetic Fibre, Parts 1 & 2
Lifting Rings & Links
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
49.
API RP 2A
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
API Spec 2c
API RP 2D
API Spec 9a
API RP 9B
AWS D1.1
BS 2573
BS 2903
57
DNV
58.
DNV
59.
60.
61.
DNV
DNV
EN 818-2
62.
63.
EN 818-4
EN 12079
64
65.
66.
IMO
Lloyds
PREN1677-1
67
PREN1677-4
Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed

Offshore Platforms
Specification for Offshore Cranes
Recommended Practice for Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Cranes
Specification for Wire Rope
Recommended Practice on Application, Care and Use of Wire Rope
Structural Welding Code Steel for Oil Field Service
Rules for the Design of Cranes
Higher Tensile Steel Hooks for Chains/Slings Blocks and General
Engineering Purposes
Marine Operations - Part 2: Operation Specific Requirements, Chapter 5:
Lifting.
Marine Operations - Part 2: Operation Specific Requirements, Chapter 6:
Sub-sea Ops.
Certification notes No 2.7-1. Offshore Containers
Certification notes No 2.7-2. Offshore Service Containers
Short link chain for lifting purposes - Safety - Medium tolerance chain for
chain slings - Grade 8
Short link chain for lifting purposes - Safety - Chain slings - Grade 8
European Committee for Standardisation. - Offshore Containers-Design,
Construction, Testing, Inspection and Marking.
Maritime Safety Committee Circular 860
Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment.
Components for Slings - Safety - Part 1: Forged Steel Components, Grade
8
Components for Slings - Safety - Part 4: Links, Grade 8
Page 39
OTHER DOCUMENTS
68.
69.
70.
IICL
IICL
AMOG/ESSO
71.
72.
AMOG
AMSA
Note:
Guide for Container Equipment Inspection

Repair Manual for Steel Freight Containers
Factors of Safety for Lifting Slings used in Offshore Supply Boat
Operations
Investigation of Dynamic Amplification Effects During Offshore Lifting.
Australian Offshore Vessel Code of Safe Working Practice.
Institute of International Container Lessors Ltd. (IICL) references 68 and
69 have been prepared for International Shipping Containers and not
Offshore Containers. They do however provide a good general guidance
for containers.
Page 40
APPENDIX B
DEFINITIONS
Page 41
Alter:
To change the design of, add to or take away from the equipment where the
change may affect health and safety, but does not include routine
maintenance, repairs or replacements.
AMSA:
Australian Maritime Safety Authority.
Approved:
Approved by the Operating Company, regulator, authority or society.
AS:
Australian Standard.
Asset Owner:
Entity that owns Lifting Equipment.
Certificate of
Conformity:
A certificate issued by a body as described in Section 2.6 and in accordance

with Section 5.13. The issuance of this certificate indicates to owners,
users and transporters of the container that the unit is fit for intended
service.
The certificate is only to be issued when the accredited facility has ensured
that the container meets all the requirements detailed in APPEA Container
management documents.
Where there is an existing doubt, the equipment owner should ensure that
the container design is verified against the requirements of the APPEA
Guidelines by a qualified structural engineer.
Certified visual Inspection of Lifting Equipment accompanied by a report bearing the

endorsement stamp of the appropriate inspection body or classification
inspection:
society.
The inspection must be signed by an authorised signatory. It typically
includes visual, material dimensional, and material thickness checks,
opening up and dismantling as considered necessary by the Inspector may
be required.
COG:
Centre of Gravity.
Competent
Person:
A person having practical and theoretical knowledge and relevant

experience, such as will enable that person to detect and evaluate any
defects and weaknesses that may affect the intended performance of the
equipment.
Container:
Lifted Equipment used in lifting and transport operations (see Section

1.3).
CSC
Convention for Safe Containers
DAF:
Dynamic Amplification Factor.
Designated
Inspector/
Surveyor/
Verifying body:
A representative of a Classification Society or an inspection body or a

verifying body registered with the statutory body to perform certain surveys
or inspections and issue certificates of inspection on behalf of the Statutory
Authority.
DME:
Department of Minerals and Energy.
Engineer:
A person qualified to be a Member of the Institute of Engineers, Australia

(MIE Aust.) or recognised equivalent who is competent and has adequate
experience to assure that the technical requirements of this standard are
met.
Page 42
Engineered Lift:
A lift which due to constraints, circumstances or specialised engineering

input is beyond the scope of these guidelines. An engineered lift will
typically require modification to acceptance criteria and will therefore
require a higher level of management and possible approval from the
relevant authorities prior to being carried out.
Equipment
Container:
Enclosure or frame designed specifically for lifting a particular item of

equipment or containing permanent fixtures such as a workshop. The
container with contents remains at a constant mass and centre of gravity
and would normally have dedicated rigging attached via pad eyes. It
includes drilling support equipment, welding units, air compressor units
and workshops.
Gross Mass:
The maximum permissible combined weight of a cargo container and its

contents, ie. Maximum Gross Mass = Tare Weight + Net Weight measured
in kilograms (This is also known as Gross Weight measured in kilograms).
IMO:
International Maritime Organisation.
Inshore Lift:
Lifting to or from a vessel at a sheltered wharf. This may be performed

using either a vessel based or a shore based crane.
Inspection
body:
An organisation accredited by the National Association of Testing

Authorities - Australia (NATA) to perform certain types of inspections and
issue endorsed reports. These reports meet the requirements of the P(SL)A
schedule for test reports.
Inspector:
Any person carrying out inspection of Lifting Equipment. Examples of

Inspectors are representatives of NATA accredited establishments, riggers,
crane drivers, welders, NDT technicians, QC inspectors, QC managers and
qualified engineers. The qualifications of the Inspectors are dependent on
the type of inspection being performed. In all cases, the Inspector shall
have experience and training suitable to the inspection being performed.
Where inspections referred to in this document require specific
qualifications, these have been given in the appropriate section.
Lifted
Equipment:
Equipment that the rigging connects to (Refer to Section 1.3).

In the case of machinery, valves, etc with attached pad eyes, this term
refers to the machinery or valve.
Lifting Device:
An item equipped with mechanical means for moving or placing a freely

suspended load.
Lifting
Equipment:
Means an item or an integrated assembly of items designed to convey or for

use in conveying people, equipment or materials and includes Lifting
Gear and Lifting Devices. It also may be referred to as materials
handling equipment.
Lifting Gear:
An item of equipment for use with a Lifting Device for lifting people,
equipment or materials. The item is designed to be detachable from the
crane and includes both rigging and Lifted Equipment.
Lifting Points:
Points on a structure to which rigging is attached, such as pad eyes.
Lift Weight:
The total mass of the load including crane wire rope over head sheave,
hook, hook block, and all rigging.
Maintenance:
The activity of monitoring, inspecting, testing, refurbishing and replacing

of plant and equipment within its pre-existing design specifications.
May:
Indicates a discretionary action.

Page 43
MBL:
Minimum breaking load.
MGM
Maximum Gross Mass
MO:
Marine Orders.
MODU:
Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit.
MPI:
Magnetic particle inspection.
NATA:
National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia.
NDT:
Non-Destructive testing, including magnetic particle, ultrasonics.
Net Weight:
The maximum permissible weight of the contents of a container in

kilograms.
New Container:
Container constructed after the issue date of this document.
NTDME:
The Northern Territory Department of Minerals and Energy.
Offshore
Container:
An item of Lifted Equipment designed for the movement of equipment or

materials to, from and at offshore installations.
Offshore Lift:
A lift performed in unsheltered waters between two vessels, between a

platform and a vessel, or between a platform and the seabed.
Onshore Lift:
Lifting about an onshore location not involving a vessel.
Proof Load:
The test load required by the Code or Standard for the specific equipment.
Responsible
Person:
A person who is responsible to any one of:

the designer of the equipment
the manufacturer of the equipment
a competent testing establishment
the owner of the equipment
a classification society
the operating company
for carrying out design, testing, inspection, certification or determination of
safe working loads of Lifting Equipment.
Rigging:
Equipment which is designed for repetitive use, to be readily detachable

from a Lifting Device and which constitutes all or part of a lifting
assembly that connects a load to the Lifting Device.
Safe Working
Load (SWL):
The maximum gross load which may be imposed for a specific use in order
to allow an adequate margin of safety. The SWL may equal but never
exceed the working load limit (WLL),
eg. In AS 1418 part 1 for Class 3 load applications, the SWL =
WLL, for Class 4 and 5 applications, the SWL = 0.8 WLL.
Safe working load of a crane is the maximum mass which is permitted to
be safely handled by the crane. Safe working load of a lifting attachment
is the maximum mass that is permitted to be safely handled by the lifting
attachment.
Shall:
Indicates a mandatory requirement.
Should:
Indicates a recommended requirement.
Sling Angle:
The angle the leg of a sling makes with the horizontal. Typically within the
range of 60 to 90 degrees.
Statutory
Authority:
An Authority having statutory powers to control the design, manufacture,

use and testing of Lifting Equipment in the State or Territory within the
Commonwealth of Australia in which the equipment is used.
Page 44
Tare Weight:
The weight of an empty container or the weight of a lifting beam or lifting

frame, complete with dedicated components, in kilograms.
Testing:
Testing, in the context of inspection, means such tests carried out

periodically by a responsible person, in conjunction with inspection, at
periods defined by this document.
Testing body:
An organisation accredited by the National Association of Testing

Authorities (Australia) to perform certain types of tests and issue endorsed
reports. These reports meet the requirements of the P(SL)A schedule for
test reports.
Tugger Winch
Construction aid not intended for lifting
Type Test
Certificate
A certificate, similar to a Certificate of Conformity, but issued to indicate

that a generic design of offshore container meets the requirements of the
APPEA Guidelines. Testing requirements are in accordance with DNV
2.7-2 and may include drop testing. If a Type Test Certificate is issued for a
generic design then subsequent testing of individual offshore containers
fabricated to that design may be less extensive than would otherwise be
required.
Visual
Inspection:
A detailed visual examination and other such measures considered

necessary by an Inspector to determine the condition of the Lifting
Equipment. Inspection may include visual, dimensional.
WADME:
The Western Australian Department of Minerals and Energy.
Winch
A lifting device capable of freely suspending a load by means of a wire

rope wound on a drum.
Page 45
APPENDIX C
OFFSHORE WIRE ROPE AND CHAIN SLINGS
Page 46
TABLE C1
SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR OFFSHORE BOAT LIFT USE OF
SINGLE-PART SINGLE LEG SLINGS WITH 1570 GRADE WIRE AND FIBRE-ROPE CORE
WITH FERRULE-SECURED EYES
2
Direct
Loaded
4
Choke Hitch
Round
Rectangular
Load
Load
8
9
Basket Hitch
Round Load
10
11
12
Other than Round Load
Method of Loading
Included Angle (
)
Loading Factors
Rc
Rt
Rm
Ro
Rope
Nominal
Minimum
Diameter
Breaking
Force
kN
mm
74.3
13
86.2
14
16
113
1
0.95
1
0.75
0.95
1
0.5
0.95
1
60
90
2
1.73 1.41
0.95 0.95 0.95
1
1
1
See Note Below
120
60
90
120
1
0.95
1
1
0.95
1
0.87
0.95
1
0.71
0.95
1
0.5
0.95
1
SAFE WORKING LOAD, t

Refer AS1666 for Onshore/Platform Lifts
1.24
1.4
1.8
0.93
1.07
1.4
0.62
0.71
0.94
18
20
22
143
176
213
2.3
2.9
3.5
1.7
2.2
2.6
1.19
1.4
1.7
24
26
28
253
297
345
4.2
4.9
5.7
3.1
3.7
4.3
2.1
2.4
2.8
32
Note:
5.6
3.7
8.1
450
The Operational Loading Factor, Ro, is determined as a function of lifting weight (SWL), Ref. Section 5.4
Shaded Lift Configurations are not recommended for Offshore Boat Lifts
Page 47
TABLE C2
TWO LEG, THREE LEG AND FOUR LEG SLINGS
WITH 1570 GRADE WIRE AND FIBRE-ROPE CORE WITH FERRULE-SECURED EYES
1
Method of Loading
Included Angle (
)
Loading Factors
Rc
Rt
Rm
Ro
Rope
Nominal
Minimum
Diameter
Breaking
Force
kN
mm
74.3
13
86.2
14
113
16
Direct Loaded
0 to 60
90
120
1.73
0.95
1
1.41
0.95
1
1
0.95
1
7
8
Choke Hitch
Round Load
Single
Double
Single
Double
Wrap
Wrap
Wrap
Wrap
0 to 45
0 to 60
1.3
0.95
1
See Note Below
90 to 60
0.87
0.95
1

2.1
2.4
3.2
1.75
2.0
2.6
1.24
1.43
1.88
1.6
1.8
2.4
18
20
22
143
176
213
4.1
5.0
6.2
3.3
4.1
5.0
2.3
2.9
3.5
3.1
3.8
4.6
24
26
28
253
297
345
7.8
9.9
11.5
5.9
7.3
9.2
4.2
4.9
5.7
5.4
6.5
8.1
32
Note:
0 to 45
11.3
8.1
12.2
15.0
450
The operational Loading Factor, Ro, is determined as a function of lifting weight (SWL), Ref. Section 5.4
Page 48
TABLE C3
SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR OFFSHORE BOAT LIFT USE OF SINGLE-PART SINGLE LEG SLINGS
WITH 1770 GRADE WIRE AND WIRE-ROPE CORE WITH FERRULE-SECURED EYES
1
2
Direct
Loaded
4
Choke Hitch
Round
Rectangular
Load
Load
8
9
Basket Hitch
Round Load
10
11
12
Method of Loading
Included Angle (
)
Loading Factors
Rc
Rt
Rm
Ro
Rope
Nominal
Minimum
Diameter
Breaking
Force
kN
mm
13
107
14
124
16
161
1
0.95
1
0.75
0.95
1
0.5
0.95
1
60
90
2
1.73 1.41
0.95 0.95 0.95
1
1
1
See Note Below
120
60
90
120
1
0.95
1
1
0.95
1
0.87
0.95
1
0.71
0.95
1
0.5
0.95
1

1.78
2.0
2.6
1.34
1.55
2.0
0.89
1.03
1.34
18
20
22
204
252
305
3.4
4.2
5.0
2.5
3.1
3.8
1.70
2.10
2.5
24
26
28
363
426
494
6.0
7.5
9.4
4.5
5.3
6.2
3.0
3.5
4.1
32
36
40
646
817
1010
12.5
15.8
19.5
9.1
11.8
14.6
5.3
7.1
9.7
44
48
52
1220
1450
1710
23.6
28.0
-
17.7
21.0
24.8
11.8
14.0
16.5
56
60
Note:
1980
28.7
19.1
2270
21.9
Page 49
TABLE C4
WITH 1770 GRADE WIRE AND WIRE-ROPE CORE WITH FERRULE-SECURED EYES
1
Direct Loaded
7
8
Choke Hitch
Round Load
Single
Double
Single
Double
Wrap
Wrap
Wrap
Wrap
0 to 45
0 to 60
Method of Loading
Included Angle (
)
Loading Factors
Rc
Rt
Rm
Ro
Rope
Nominal
Minimum
Diameter
Breaking
Force
kN
mm
107
13
124
14
161
16
0 to 60
90
120
1.73
0.95
1
1.41
0.95
1
1
0.95
1
1.3
0.95
1
See Note Below
90 to 60
0.87
0.95
1

3.1
3.6
4.7
2.52
2.9
3.8
1.78
2.07
2.68
2.3
2.7
3.5
18
20
22
204
252
305
5.9
7.8
10.2
4.8
5.9
7.7
3.4
4.2
5.1
4.4
5.5
6.8
24
26
28
363
426
494
12.1
14.2
16.5
9.9
11.6
13.4
6.1
7.5
9.5
8.8
10.7
12.4
32
36
40
646
817
1010
21.6
27.4
-
17.6
22.3
27.6
12.5
15.8
19.5
16.2
20.5
25.4
44
Note:
0 to 45
1220
23.6
Page 50
TABLE C5
SINGLE-PART SINGLE LEG SLINGS WITH 1770 GRADE WIRE AND FIBRE-ROPE CORE
WITH FERRULE-SECURED EYES
1
2
Direct
Loaded
4
Choke Hitch
Round
Rectangular
Load
Load
8
9
Basket Hitch
Round Load
10
11
12
Method of Loading
Included Angle (
)
Loading Factors
Rc
Rt
Rm
Ro
Rope
Nominal
Minimum
Diameter
Breaking
Force
kN
mm
13
98.4
14
114
16
148
1
0.95
1
0.75
0.95
1
0.5
0.95
1
60
90
2
1.73 1.41
0.95 0.95 0.95
1
1
1
See Note Below
120
60
90
120
1
0.95
1
1
0.95
1
0.87
0.95
1
0.71
0.95
1
0.5
0.95
1

1.64
1.9
2.4
1.23
1.42
1.8
0.82
0.95
1.23
18
20
22
187
231
280
3.1
3.8
4.6
2.3
2.8
3.5
1.56
1.90
2.3
24
26
28
333
391
454
5.5
6.7
8.2
4.1
4.8
5.6
2.7
3.2
3.7
32
36
40
594
751
929
11.5
14.5
17.9
8.0
10.9
13.4
4.9
6.3
8.5
44
48
52
1122
1334
1573
21.7
25.8
-
16.2
19.3
22.8
10.8
12.9
15.2
56
60
Note:
1821
26.4
17.6
2088
20.2
Page 51
TABLE C6
WITH 1770 GRADE WIRE AND FIBRE-ROPE CORE WITH FERRULE-SECURED EYES
1
Method of Loading
Included Angle (
)
Loading Factors
Rc
Rt
Rm
Ro
Rope
Nominal
Minimum
Diameter
Breaking
Force
kN
mm
98.4
13
114
14
148
16
Direct Loaded
0 to 60
90
120
1.73
0.95
1
1.41
0.95
1
1
0.95
1
7
8
Choke Hitch
Round Load
Single
Double
Single
Double
Wrap
Wrap
Wrap
Wrap
0 to 45
0 to 60
1.3
0.95
1
See Note Below
0 to 60
0.87
0.95
1

2.8
3.3
4.3
2.31
2.7
3.5
1.64
1.90
2.47
2.1
2.5
3.2
18
20
22
187
231
280
5.4
6.9
9.2
4.4
5.4
6.8
3.1
3.9
4.7
4.1
5.0
6.1
24
26
28
333
391
454
11.1
13.1
15.2
8.7
10.6
12.3
5.6
6.7
8.3
7.7
9.8
11.4
32
36
40
594
751
929
19.9
25.2
-
16.2
20.5
25.4
11.5
14.5
17.9
14.9
18.9
23.4
44
Note:
0 to 45
1122
21.7
28.3
Page 52
TABLE C7
SLINGS WITH GRADE T CHAIN
1
6
7
Single Leg Slings
Straight
Sling
Adjustable
Sling
Reeved
Sling
60
1
1
1
0.75
1
1
0.75
1
1
1.73
1
1
9
10
11
12
Slings of 2, 3 or 4 legs
Straight Sling
13
Reeved Sling
14
15
16
17
Endless Slings
Basket/Reeved Sling
Method of Loading
Included Angle (
)
Loading Factors
Rc
Rt
Rm
Ro
Chain
Minimum
Size from
Breaking
AS2321
(Ref Note)
Force
kN
1
2
3
3.1
3.9
4.8
2.21
2.7
3.4
203
213
248
3.57
3.7
4.3
6.2
6.6
8.2
5.0
5.2
6.1
3.5
3.7
4.3
/8
317
322
408
5.5
5.6
7.6
11.4
11.6
15.2
8.7
8.9
12.0
5.5
5.6
7.6
457
503
621
9.0
10.4
13.1
17.3
19.4
27.3
13.7
15.2
19.5
9.0
10.4
13.1
631
724
786
13.3
15.6
17.2
19.9
23.6
28.2
13.3
15.6
17.2
811
917
986
17.8
20.7
22.6
17.8
20.7
22.6
13
14
16
18
20
7
/8
22
24
25
1
90
120
60
90
120
1.06
1
1
0.75
1
1
1.30
1
1
1.06
1
1
0.75
1
1
1.5
1
1

3.8
4.8
5.9
12
60
1.41
1
1.30
1
1
1
1
1
1
See Note Below
2.21
2.77
3.46
11
30
Note:
120
126
158
197
10
27
28
90
28.8
1131
28.8
The operational Loading Factor, Ro, is determined as a function of lifting weight (SWL), Refer Section 5.4
1. Preferred Chain Specification (mm),
2.
Non-Preferred Chain Specification (mm),
3. Temporary Specification (in).
Page 53
APPENDIX D
DYNAMIC AMPLIFICATION FACTOR
Page 54
FIGURE D.1
RECOMMENDED DYNAMIC AMPLIFICATION FACTOR (DAF)
(Hs=3.0 Metres Max.)
Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF)
3.2
2.8
2.7
2.4
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
0
0
10
15
Lifted Mass (tonnes)
Page 55
20
25
APPENDIX E
PAD EYE DETAILS
Page 56
RIGGING DESIGN EXAMPLE

Problem:
Obtain sling, shackle and padeye sizes for lifting a 25 tonnes container offshore in
accordance with the APPEA Guidelines for Lifting Equipment
Assumptions:
-
A 4 sling arrangement is assumed
A maximum included angle of 60 degrees
A 100/0 split of sling loads is assumed
The centre of gravity is at the centroid of the padeyes
Sling size:
Referring to Table C4 in Appendix C of the APPEA Guidelines for Lifting Equipment,
1770 grade wire rope with a 36mm nominal diameter has a safe working load of 27.4
tonnes.
Shackle size:
Rc =
1.73
(refer to Table 1 AS1666.2 (1995))
Rm = 0.80 for shackles
(refer to Table 5.4.1)
Rt =
1.00 for shackles
(refer to Table 5.4.2)
Ro =
0.92
(interpolated from Table 5.4.3)
Factor of Safety =
SWL =
P=
4
Rm Rt Ro
5.43
P x Rc
FoS x 9.81
25.0 t
(SWL of sling assembly)
770.5 kN
(Minimum breaking force)
SWL x FoS x 9.81 =

Rc
Referring to AS2741-1992 Table 5, the grade S alloy dee shackle with a diameter of 38mm
has a min. destructive test force of 834 kN. This shackle has a WLL of 17 tonnes.
Padeye size
Referring to the Standard Drawing for Padeyes and Shackles (W2090-SKS01 Rev B), the
corresponding padeye to the shackle designed above is the padeye with a WLL of 17
tonnes.
Page 57
LB
3)
(D+
LD
C
B
ROOT GAP
45
45
BOW SHACKLE WITH PIN
W
CP
PADEYE TYPE 'X'
3.2
45
115
35
4.7
55
135
6.5
55
8.5
60
9.5
ALLOY SHACKLES GRADE "S"-TO AS2741

SHACKLES ALLOY GRADE "S" - TO AS2741
CHEEK PLATES
PIN HOLE WITHOUT
WITH
RADIUS D+3mm CHK.PLS. CHK.PLS. THICK. DIA. WELD
A
DEE SHACKLE WITH PIN
PADEYE TYPE 'Y'
PADEYES - FOR ALL VALUES OF

SHACKLE
WLL
(tonne)
3)
(D+
G
IN
SL
AD
TYP
AD
CR
CR
AN
GL
WLL
(tonne)
NOM
SIZE
PIN DIA.
BOW
DEE
SHACKLE SHACKLE
LB
LD
22
20
12
50
3.2
16
19
27
70
60
20
40
25
25
16
60
4.7
19
22
32
83
71
24
150
45
28
32
20
70
6.5
22
25
37
96
83
27
160
50
32
25
80
8.5
25
29
43
109
95
30
65
185
55
35
25
90
9.5
29
32
46
124
106
34
12
70
200
60
38
25
10
100
12
32
35
52
136
117
38
13
75
220
65
41
25
10
110
13
35
38
57
152
132
42
17
85
230
70
44
32
10
120
17
38
41
60
166
145
46
25
105
280
85
54
40
12
150
25
44
51
73
203
171
55
35
120
295
105
60
50
10
170
35
51
57
83
225
199
64
45
130
340
115
66
50
16
190
45
57
63
95
253
212
72
55
150
360
130
73
50
20
220
10
55
63
70
105
302
238
76
Page 58
E
SL
IN
AN
GL
E
G
AN
GL
SL
TYP
IN
TYP
BOW SHACKLE WITH PIN
CP
ALTERNATIVE
PADEYE TYPE 'X'
ALTERNATIVE
PADEYE TYPE 'Y'
PADEYES - FOR ALL VALUES OF

SWL
(tonne)
D+3mm
A
3.2
45
115
35
4.7
55
135
40
6.5
55
150
8.5
60
9.5
65
12
ALLOY SHACKLES GRADE "S"-TO AS2741

SHACKLES ALLOY GRADE "S" - TO AS2741
CHEEK PLATES
WITH
DEE SHACKLE WITH PIN
THICK.
DIA.
WELD
SWL
(tonne)
SIZE
PIN DIA
BOW
DEE
LB
LD
22
20
3.2
16
19
27
71
61
20
25
25
4.7
19
22
32
83
71
24
45
28
32
6.5
22
25
37
97
84
27
160
50
32
25
85
44
8.5
25
29
43
110
96
30
185
55
35
25
90
47
9.5
29
32
46
124
106
34
70
200
60
38
25
10
100
50
12
32
35
52
137
118
38
13
75
220
65
41
25
10
110
53
13
35
38
57
152
132
42
17
85
230
70
44
32
10
120
56
17
38
41
60
167
145
46
25
105
280
85
54
40
12
150
66
25
44
51
73
204
172
55
35
120
295
105
60
50
12
170
72
35
51
57
83
226
200
64
45
130
340
115
66
50
16
190
78
45
57
63
95
254
213
72
55
150
360
130
73
50
20
220
10
85
55
63
70
105
302
238
76
Page 59
APPENDIX F
INSPECTION & TESTING REQUIREMENTS
Page 60
APPEA
TABLE F.1
INSPECTION AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFTING DEVICES
CERTIFIED
ITEM
REFERENCE
PROOF LOAD TEST

NDT
VISUAL
FREQUENCY
INSPECTION
Cranes
(The various types of cranes and
lifting appliances are listed in
AS 1418)
1 Year
Offshore:
API Spec 2C
BS 2573
Lloyds Code for Lifting

Appliances in a Marine
Environment
Manufacturers Specs
Subject to:
Visual inspection
Failure Mode
Analysis
Overhead Pad eyes
AS1418.1 & .2
Fork-lift tines
AS 2359
Mono rails
P(SL)A AS1418.1 & .2
Note:
1 Year *
1 Year
1 Year *
Individual
Company Program
Subject to visual
inspection or maximum
of 3 years
Subject to visual
inspection
Initial NDT, then
subject to visual
inspection
* Certified Visual Inspection includes permanent marking of SWL
Page 61
Initial Certification Test

Following Repairs
Subject to:
Visual inspection
NDT
LOAD
Varies from
SWL x 1.0 to
SWL x 2.2 depending
on type of Lifting
Device, as per
AS1418.
Individual Company Program

Individual State Regulations specify
every 12 months for some devices.
Initial test and then subject to visual
inspection, NDT and individual
company program.
Initial test and then subject to visual
inspection, NDT and individual
company program.
Subject to individual company
program
1.25 x SWL
Subject to individual
company program
1.25 x SWL
APPEA
TABLE F.2
INSPECTION AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFTED EQUIPMENT
Notes:
1. This table applies to Lifted Equipment up to 25* tonnes Gross Weight that has a Certificate of Conformity.
2. Lifted Equipment MAY be tested using their own dedicated rigging gear (lifting set). Caution should be exercised because proof testing a sling to more than 1.5 times its
SWL may permanently distort wire rope thimbles if standard shackles are used, especially on the two point lift test.
3. Lifted Equipment above 25 tonnes Maximum Gross Mass (MGM) may be proof load tested as specified by the design engineer.
PROOF LOAD TEST
CERTIFIED
ITEM
REFERENCE
NDT
VISUAL
FREQUENCY
INSPECTION
Lifted Equipment
Includes all types of offshore containers,
baskets, skids, skips, spreader beams,
spreader frames, workshops, lab
containers and workboxes.
APPEA
1 year
Subject to visual inspection

Every 3 years thereafter
Following repairs to
structural members
Initial Certification Test for

New & Existing Equipment
Every 6 years thereafter or

at the discretion of the
inspection body
structural members
Transportable buildings.
Includes; Offices, Laboratories etc. Not
intended to transport cargo
APPEA
Before lifting
unless inspected
within the last
year.
Specialised Lifting Equipment

Specialised items such as drilling guide
bases, conductor casing joints,
equipment modules etc
Tanks for Fluids
(Includes tanks/containers of all sizes for
both normal and dangerous cargoes)
Note: There are additional requirements
for IBC's in IMDG code.
APPEA
Before lifting
unless inspected
within the last
year.
APPEA
1 year
Before lifting unless tested

within the last three years

(At fabrication, primary structure
only before walls etc are
installed)
Before lifting unless tested

within the last three years
Not generally required

depending upon individual
operator's requirements

structural members

Every 6 years thereafter or
at the discretion of the
inspection body
structural members
Subject to Visual Inspection
Page 62
LOAD TEST
REQUIREMENTS
MGM x 2.5
over 4 lifting points and
MGM x 1.5
over 2 lifting points
MGM x 2.5
MGM x 1.5
MGM x 2.5
MGM x 1.5
APPEA
Personnel Baskets (Work Box)
Personnel Transfer Basket (Billy Pugh

etc)
*
Arbitrarily selected limit
AS1418.17
APPEA
1 year

1 year
Page 63

Every 2 years
Yearly
Per Clause 4.2

AS1418.17
Refer to Manufacturers
Requirements
APPEA
TABLE F.3
PERIODIC INSPECTION AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS FOR RIGGING
Notes:
1.
Offshore containers shall have specifically designed lifting sets, which shall not be removed from the container except for replacement of the lifting set or for examination
of the container.
2.
For Safety Factors for Rigging Equipment used in Offshore Lifting Operations refer to section 5.4.
3.
Minimum chain diameter to be 10mm. For containers with Maximum Gross Mass more than 3500kg, the minimum chain diameter must be 13mm.
4.
Min. Wire Rope diameter to be 13mm. For containers with Maximum Gross Mass more than 3500kg, the minimum wire rope diameter must be 19mm.
PROOF LOAD TEST
CERTIFIED
ITEM
REFERENCE
NDT
VISUAL
FREQUENCY
INSPECTION
Loose Rigging
(Includes all types wire and
synthetic ropes, chains, links,
shackles, swivels, rings, sockets,
hammerlocks, etc)
APPEA
Lifting Sling(s)
Single or multiple leg wire rope
and chain sets, complete with all
associated accessories)
APPEA
Crane Hooks
APPEA
Not Required
3 monthly visual
inspections

Subject to Visual Inspection.
Subject to company program.
Not applicable

Offshore Every 6 years as
part of the Lifted Equipment
Proof Load Test.
Refer to Section 8.4.1
Refer to Manufacture
Subject to visual
inspection
Colour coding
Visual inspection
each time before use.
1 year
as part of the container
inspection.
1 year
TEST REQUIREMENTS
Every 2 years
Carried out to the requirements

of the relevant Australian
Standard. Refer to Section 8.4.1
for SWL.
All Rigging for Man-lifts
APPEA
As specified above
Subject to Visual
Inspection
As specified above
Page 64
As specified above
4 MGM (man-lift rating)

specified in above documents
APPEA
TABLE F4
TYPE & PRODUCTION TESTING OF NEW LIFTED EQUIPMENT
ITEM
Offshore Containers
REFERENCE
APPEA
TYPE TEST
PRODUCTION TESTING
Applies to first item manufactured of

new design
(For the No. of units to be tested

refer the table F5 below)
4 Point Load Test

2 Point Load Test
4 Point Load Test
Drop Test*
Load Test only
Load Test only
Spreader Frames & Beams
APPEA
Transportable buildings.
Includes; Offices, Laboratories
etc. Not intended to transport
cargo
APPEA
4 Point Load Test

2 Point Load Test
4 Point Load Test
Specialised Items.
Includes: drilling guide bases,
conductor casing joints,
equipment modules etc
APPEA
4 Point Load Test

2 Point Load Test
4 Point Load Test
LOAD TEST REQUIREMENTS
MGM x 2.5
MGM x 1.5
MGM x 2.5
MGM x 2.5
MGM x 1.5
MGM x 2.5
* - For very large containers a drop test may be undesirable, hence the drop test should be carried out at the discretion of the accrediting body
Page 65
APPEA
TABLE F5
Total number in series
Number to be tested
1-5
6-10
11-20
21-40
> 40
10%
Page 66
APPEA
APPENDIX G
GUIDE TO AUSTRALIAN AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Page 67
APPEA
Table G1- Guide to Australian and International Standards

Note: This table is intended as a guide only. In many cases, requirements of International standards will be less onerous than Australian standards. Requirements less onerous
than Australian standards are not recommended to be adopted without specific Operator approval.
Aust/NZ No
Australian/New Zealand Title
ANSI Standard
British Standard
DNV Std
ISO Std
BS 5555
BS 464
BS 3226
BS 6072
Rules for Marine Operations

Part 2 Chap 5
-
Rules for Certification of

Lifting Appliances
AS ISO-1000
AS 1138
The International System of Units

Thimbles for Wire Rope
AS 1171
AS 1353
Non-Destructive Testing Magnetic

Particle Testing of Ferromgnetic
Products, Components and Structures
AS 1380
Fibre Rope Slings
AS 1418
Cranes (Including Hoists & Winches)
AS 1438
Wire - Coil Flat Slings
BS 3481
BS 5053
BS 2052
BS 4921
BS 7648
BS 327
BS 357
BS 466
BS 1757
BS 2452
BS 2573
BS 2799
BS MA41
BS MA79
-
AS 1504
Fibre Rope - Three Strand Hawser

Laid
Structural Steel Welding
AWS D1.1
BS 4870
A1264.1
BS 4592
BS 5395
AWS D1.2
BS 8118
AS/NZS 1554
AS 1657
AS 1664
Fixed Platforms, Walkways,

Stairways and Ladders Design,
Construction and Installation
Aluminium Structures Code
ASME B30
API RP2D
Spec 2C
Page 68
ISO 1000
-
APPEA
Aust/NZ No
ANSI Standard
British Standard
DNV Std
ISO Std
BS CP118
AS 1666
Wire Rope Slings
ASME B30.9
BS 1290
AS 2089
Sheave Blocks of Maximum Lift 60

Tonne
AWS C3.8
AS 2317
Non-Destructive Testing for

Ultrasonic Testing of Fusion Welded
Joints in Carbon & Low Alloy Steel
Collared Eye-bolts
BS 4018
BS 4344
BS 4536
BS MA47
BS EN 1714
AS 2207
ASME B18.15
BS 4278
AS 2318
Swivels for Hoists
AS 2319
Rigging Screws and Turnbuckles
BS 4429
AS 2321
Short Link Chain for Lifting

Purposes (Non Calibrated)
ASME B29
AS 2550 (1982)
Cranes Safe Use
ASME B30
BS 3113
BS 3458
BSEN 818-1
BS 6304
-
AS 2741
Shackles
AS 2759
Steel Wire Rope Application Guide
AS 3569
Steel Wire Ropes
AS/NZS 3678
Structural Steel Hot Rolled Plates,

Floor Plates and Slabs
Structural Steel Part 1 : Hot Rolled
Bars and Sections
Structural Steel Part 2 : Welded I
Sections
AS/NZS 3679.1
AS/NZS 3679.2
BS 3551
BS 6994
BS 6210
BS 6570
BS 183
BS 302
BS 525
BS 7613
API RP9B
Spec 9A
SAE J763
SAE J1392
SAE J1442
-
Page 69

Part 2 Chap 5
Part 2 Chap 5

Part 2 Chap 5
-

Part 2 Chap 5
Rules for Certification of

Lifting Appliances
Part 2 Chap 5
-

Part 2 Chap 5
ISO 3578
BSEN 10210-2
APPEA
Aust/NZ No
AS 3775
Chain Slings Grade T
AS 3776
Lifting Components for Grade T

Chain Slings
Shank Hooks and Large Eye Hooks Maximum 25 Tonne
Mechanical Equipment - Steelwork
AS 3777
AS 3990
AS 4048
ANSI Standard
British Standard
ASME B29
-
BS 2902
BS 6968
-
ASME B30.10
BS 2903
AISC
BS 5950
BS 7608
DDENV 1993
DDENV 1994
BS 3810
BS 6637
BS M69
BS 5950
BS 7608
DDENV 1993
DDENV 1994
BSEN 698
BSEN 701
BSEN 1251
BS 7648
ASME MH
AS 4100
Flat Pallets for Materials Handling

(1100mm x 1100mm suitable for use
in ISO Series 1 Freight Containers)
Steel Structures
AS 4142.1 - 1993
Fibre Rope - Care & Safe Usage
AS 4142.2 - 1993
Fibre Rope - 3 Strand Hawser laid

and 8 Strand Plaited Rope
Lifting Rings & Links
ANSI MH
AS/NZS 3711.4
Freight Containers:- Part 1

Classification, Dimensions & Ratings
Freight Containers:- Part 2
Terminology
Freight Containers:- Part 3 - Corner
Fittings
General Purpose Containers
AS/NZS 3711.5
Thermal Containers
AS B291
AS/NZS 3711.1
AS/NZS 3711.2
AS/NZS 3711.3
DNV Std
ISO Std

Part 2 Chap 5
Part 2 Chap 5
Part 2 Chap 5
-
ISO 445

Part 2 Chap 5
BS 3951

Part 2 Chap 5
-
ANSI MH
BS 3951
ISO 830 Amd.1,Amd.2
ANSI MH
BS 3951
ISO 1164 Cor.1
ANSI MH
BS 3951
ISO 1496.1 Amd.1
ANSI MH
BS 3951
ISO 1496.2
AISC
Page 70
ISO 668 Amd.1
APPEA
Aust/NZ No
ANSI Standard
British Standard
DNV Std
ISO Std
AS/NZS 3711.6
Tank Containers
ANSI MH
BS 3951
ISO 1496.3
AS/NZS 3711.7
Dry Bulk Containers
ANSI MH
BS 3951
ISO 1496.4
AS/NZS 3711.8
Platform Containers
ANSI MH
BS 3951
ISO 1496.5 Amd.1
AS/NZS 3711.9
Coding, Identification and Marking
ANSI MH
BS 3951
ISO 6346 Amd.1
AS/NZS 3711.10
Handling and Securing
ANSI MH
BS 3951
ISO 3874 Amd.2
Page 71
APPEA
Guidelines for Lifting Equipment - Phase Out of ISO Containers
APPENDIX H
GUIDELINES FOR THE PHASE OUT OF ISO SHIPPING

CONTAINERS OFFSHORE
Page 73
APPEA
SCOPE
Provision of procedures & guidelines to manage the use of ISO containers

used in the offshore oil and gas exploration and production industry.
The document provides guidelines for the inspection, testing and marking of
ISO containers used in the transport of goods to and from offshore locations.
IDENTIFICATION OF
ISO CONTAINERS
ISO containers are the containers originally built for international shipping and
fitted with ISO Corner fittings and lifted in container ports, from these fittings,
with a purpose built spreader frame and special Twist-locks. The containers
are designed and rated for use in still water ports and not for offshore use
where significant dynamic forces occur during lifting operations.
Most ISO containers are 20ft in length although 10, 30 & 40ft lengths are also
available.
Note: Purpose built offshore containers may also have ISO Corner fittings.
This is acceptable, provided that they are used only for securing during
transport and/or onshore/inshore lifting in accordance with onshore/inshore
container lifting guidelines as detailed in AS 3711.10:1993 Freight
Containers Handling and Securing.
CONTROLLED USE OF
ISO CONTAINERS
Containers used in international shipping are controlled by the International

Convention for Safe Containers (CSC). When the containers used in
international and/or coastal shipping reach the end of their service life, either
through condition or a time life expiry they are often sold off without
current CSC compliance.
Existing CSC compliance plates do not apply to the offshore oil and gas
exploration and production industry except as a reference for de-rating the
container in accordance with this these guidelines.
The CSC compliance plate is to be retained for this purpose. ISO containers
without compliance plates should be condemned.
REFERENCES
King Bay Supply Base Lifting Equipment Management System,

Woodside Energy Ltd.
Marine Orders, Part 44, Section 11.
International Maritime Organisation Circular 613 (to be replaced by
Maritime Safety Committee, Circular 860).
International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC) IMO, 1982.
DNV 2.7-1 Offshore Containers Certification Notes.
AS3711.10 1993 - Freight Containers, Handling & Securing.
Figure 1: ISO Corner Fitting

Figure 2: Typical ISO Container
Page 74
APPEA
ALLOWABLE ISO
CONTAINER STYLES
& LENGTHS
Closed roof, ISO containers up to 20 ft. in length are acceptable for offshore
transportation in accordance with these guidelines.
Open top style, ISO containers and any ISO container over 20 ft in length are
not acceptable for offshore transportation.
MODIFICATIONS TO
ISO CONTAINERS
Any ISO container that has been modified from the original CSC design must
have engineering calculations to support the continued integrity of the
container.
Unlike a purpose built offshore container, which is designed to carry full load
on primary structure members, ISO containers rely on the integrity of wall
panels for primary strength.
Such modifications may include:
Addition of extra doorway
Alteration to length
Addition of Pad eyes
PHASING OUT ISO

CONTAINERS FROM
OFFSHORE
INDUSTRY
Contractors currently utilising ISO containers are expected to reduce the

number in use up to the phase out date of 31 December 2000 and replace them
with purpose built offshore shipping containers.
The APPEA Guidelines for Lifting Equipment provide guidance for the design
of purpose built offshore shipping containers.
COMMENTARY ON
LIFTING POINTS
Even in a still water port situation, ISO shipping containers cannot be

lifted from the ISO Corner fittings by shackles and slings. This applies
even when empty.
Lifting with spreader frames as used in port situations is not allowed in
offshore lifting operations. Refer to IMO MSC circular 860
ISO containers used in the offshore industry should have pad eyes that are
purpose built. Refer to Pad eyes below.
Figure 3: Shackles in ISO corner fittings are not permitted
Figure 4: Although not generally required when container is

down-rated, lifting with special lifting beams will be allowed
during phase out. Must be fitted to pad eyes as shown.
Page 75
APPEA
PAD EYE
REQUIREMENTS
The following guidance is provided for the installation of pad eyes:

design by qualified structural engineer;
design verification by independent engineer, who has not been involved in
the design;
carry MGM on 2 diagonally opposite pad eyes;
align to the centre of gravity of the load
shackle pin hole to be +3mm or, not greater than 4% more than the
shackle pin diameter;
width of pad eye to be equal to 75% of the opening of shackle to be fitted.
This may be accomplished by fitting bosses to pad eye;
material trace-ability;
documented welding procedures (To AS1554, AWSD1.1 etc.);
welder qualification trace-ability; and
NDT inspection of all welding associated with pad eyes.
Notes:
1. The installation of pad eyes must have engineering trace-ability.
2. Refer to section 5.8 for pad eye design.
ALLOWABLE MGM
(Maximum Gross Mass)
ISO Containers used in the offshore industry where significant dynamic forces
occur during lifting from supply vessels must be significantly de-rated.
Subject to inspections in accordance with these guidelines, ISO container use
up to the phase out date will be allowed provided that the following is applied:
MARKING
REQUIREMENTS
The container is de-rated by multiplying original CSC Maximum Gross

Weight (or Mass) x 2 and dividing the figure by 5.
eg. For a 24 tonne MGM container:
(24 x 2)
=9.6 tonnes MGM
5
All ISO containers, original or modified, shall have a stencilled marking

beside the CSC data plates indicating Not Applicable. The plate should
remain to indicate the original MGM that is used in the de-rating formula
above.
Marking plates are required for:
Operational Marking Plate (Tare, Nett & Gross)
Test Plate (date of test and inspections)
Each container should be marked with a unique identification number issued
by the owner. The number should be:
1. cross-referenced on all relevant documentation; and
2. prominently displayed on a minimum of 2 sides of the container in
contrasting colours with stencilled characters of not less than 75 mm in
height.
Note: Refer to Figures 5 &6 for details of plates.
Page 76
APPEA
FORKLIFT POCKETS
ISO Containers often have more than 1 set of fork-lift pockets. Extreme
caution should be used when lifting a laden ISO container from the fork-lift
pockets.
If there are two sets of fork-lift pockets, with one set being close to the centre
of the container, the inner set are designed for Empty lifting only. These
words must be stencilled on the base frame adjacent to fork-lift pockets when
such fork-lift pockets are installed. Stencilling should be 75mm in height.
There are instances where ISO containers have been modified and appear to
have useable fork-lift pockets on more than two sides, this can be a dangerous
situation as fork-lift pockets have been found that have the fork tines bearing
on a plywood floor. Check before using and at scheduled inspection.
SLINGS
Sling sets may be chain or wire rope. The following is recommended:

four leg sling assemblies are preferred;
maximum included (apex) sling angle of 60 degrees and;
chain used in stingers (or 5th leg) must meet ISO 3076, or ISO 7593
standards.
Note: The use of stingers is discouraged as the redundancy in a 4 leg assembly
is lost.
SHACKLES
Shackles must be:

Grade S minimum; and
Safety pin type with split pin fitted.
CONTAINER
INSPECTIONS
ISO containers must receive a thorough visual inspection both annually and
prior to any load testing.
NDT Inspection of pad eyes and floor support structure is to be carried out
annually and prior to load testing.
All thorough visual inspections and NDT must be recorded in a lifting
equipment database.
THOROUGH VISUAL
& NDT INSPECTIONS
(ANNUAL
REQUIREMENT)
door latching mechanisms in good working order (where applicable);

container is free from obvious defects, corrosion, impact damage, cracks,
etc;
under-floor support structure inspection. The floor support structure is
very light in an ISO container and is prone to extensive corrosion and
cracking when used in the offshore environment;
place container on supports to allow full inspection of underside and
ensure adequate lighting;
look for corrosion and/or any cracking;
it may be necessary to sand blast corroded steel to allow full inspection;
suspected areas of cracking to have NDT inspections carried out;
steelwork that has suffered significant (greater than 10%) metal loss
through corrosion is to be replaced;
complete structure to be examined for corrosion, cracking, and impact
damage. Particular attention is to be given to inspection of lifting points
and corner post assemblies;
visually inspect all welds for defects;
NDT all welds in pad eye area. (NATA accredited NDT facility required);
inspect for signs of mechanical damage;
Page 77
APPEA
doors, frames, seals, hinges, locks should be examined and functionally

checked to ensure satisfactory operation without undue force;
check floor is substantially flat with no signs of damage or other
indications that may indicate overloading. Any internal floor damage may
indicate underside damage- re-check; and
marking plates should be as per requirements of these guidelines.
VISUAL INSPECTORS
KNOWLEDGE
REQUIREMENTS
The visual inspector should have, as a minimum, a knowledge and adequate

practical experience of:
the statutory requirements relating to containers;
the various types of containers in service;
the correct methods of slinging and handling the containers;
the loads affecting containers when handled under adverse offshore
conditions, particularly those affecting lifting points and, in the case of
ISO containers used offshore, the floor support structure;
the methods of testing containers as detailed in Maritime Safety.
Committee circular 860 or, DNV2.7-1 Offshore Container, Certification
Notes. The provisions of DNV 2.7-1 to be used as a guide only as ISO
containers do not comply with offshore container standards;
defects likely to be found in containers and acceptable levels of wear,
distortion and deterioration in relation to safety in use;
welding methods and procedures and qualification of welders;
the various methods of non-destructive testing (NDT) and a good
understanding of how they work and their limitations; and
procedures for measuring container to ensure distortion has not occurred
during service or load testing.
TESTING AN ISO
CONTAINER
The target date for the phase out of ISO containers for use in the offshore oil
and gas exploration and production industry is 31 December 2000. Hence it is
recommended that any containers currently in use undergo the following load
test (subject to satisfying inspection requirements) which would see them
through to phase out date.
Testing of container as per Testing Requirements as detailed in IMO
613 & MSC 860. (Drop test will not be required)
TESTING
PROCEDURES
Prior to load testing carry out thorough visual inspection as detailed within this
document as there is no value in testing a container that has defects.
4 Point Lifting Test:
Internal Load (not to be hung under container): a uniformly distributed load,
such that the combined tare of the container and test load is equal to 2.5 times
the de-rated MGM. The container should be lifted with its lifting set attached
to all four pad eyes.
Internal load (not to be hung under container): a uniformly distributed load
the de-rated MGM. It may be necessary to secure the weights to prevent
slippage during testing. The container should be lifted with slings attached to
two diagonally opposite pad eyes during the test.
Drop Test:
Drop testing of ISO containers is not recommended. Drop testing is required
when type testing future new container designs.
Page 78
APPEA
ALLOWABLE
DEFLECTION
DURING &
SUBSEQUENT TO
LOAD TESTING
COMMENTS ON
DEFLECTION
LIMITS
Allowable deflection limits are detailed within DNV 2.7-1 Certification notes
Offshore Containers.
Refer to sections 3.7.1.2 & 3.7.1.3 of referenced DNV document.
Where deflection exceeds the maximum allowable limit, the container should
be scrapped.
Figure 5: ISO Container Identification Plate
OFFSHORE CONTAINER
Name of Manufacturer (if known)
Month/year of Manufacture (if known)
Manufacturers Serial No. (if known)
Maximum Gross Weight
kg at
Tare Weight
kg
Payload Container
kg
IDENTIFICATION
PLATE MATERIAL &
SIZE
REQUIREMENTS
deg sling angle
Plates to be of stainless steel or marine grade aluminium, 1 .5 mm thick

Affixed with stainless steel rivets (not aluminium)
215 mm overall width
150 mm overall height
Main heading alpha characters to be stamped 10mm in height
Other alpha & numeric characters 5mm in height
Page 79
APPEA
Figure 6: Offshore Container Inspection Data Plate

INSPECTION DATA-OFFSHORE CONTAINER
Container No.
Maximum Gross Mass
kg
Tare Mass
kg
Payload - Container
kg
Mid- deck (Not Applicable to ISO containers)
Owner:
Tel. No. +
Test
Proof Load
NDT
Visual Inspection
INTERVAL
DATE &
TESTED BY
ONCE ONLY
1 YEAR
1 YEAR
Note: The inspection frequencies shown above only apply to ISO containers
INSPECTION DATA
PLATE MATERIAL &
SIZE
REQUIREMENTS
Plate to be of stainless steel or marine grade aluminium, 1 .5 mm thick

Page 80
APPEA
OK
CHECK LIST
REVIEW PRIOR TO
ISSUING A TEST
CERTIFICATE
Container was placed on supports and a full underside

inspection carried out.
Container has no significant corrosion and/or structural fault
affecting integrity
Container floor is in sound condition
NDT of pad eye welds and floor support structure has not
revealed any cracking (or repairs have been effected)
Pad eyes are fitted to the container
Pad eyes have engineering design drawings available
Pad eye design complies with the requirements of this
document.
Container has been de-rated as per requirements of this
document
Container has been load tested as per requirements of this
document
There is no permanent distortion of the container following
load testing
Fork-lift pocket marking is as per the requirements of this
document and the pockets are in a good and safe condition.
Where a 5th leg is used in a chain sling assembly, the chain in
the 5th leg must meet ISO3076 standards for lifting chain.
Engineering drawings and structural analysis support any
modifications. All such modifications should have
independent design verification.
Page 81
NO
APPEA
APPENDIX I
GUIDELINES FOR THE INSPECTION, TESTING AND MARKING OF

OFFSHORE CONTAINERS
Page 82
APPEA
PREAMBLE
The purpose of these guidelines is to address integrity requirements for existing offshore containers. They do
not address the requirements for new container fabrication or the concerns with ISO containers.
These guidelines provide lifting equipment testing facilities guidance on consistent minimum quality
requirements for testing offshore containers.
APPEA encourages all offshore container owners and their agents to utilise inspection services that have been
accredited by NATA (or equivalent overseas organisations) to carry out inspections and/or tests in accordance
with this guideline.
If the required documentation needed to obtain a Certificate of Conformity as detailed within this guideline is
not available to support the integrity of the container to be inspected and/or tested, the container should not be
approved for offshore use. This may require that engineering drawings be developed and calculations carried
out to verify the design of the container as being fit for intended service. Without all required information, a
Certificate of Conformity should not be given for the container.
Page 83
APPEA
DOCUMENT SCOPE
Provide guidelines for the inspection, testing and marking of a wide range of
containers, baskets, skips etc. used in the offshore oil & gas exploration and
production industry.
INTRODUCTION
The range of shapes, sizes and capacity of containers used in the offshore
industry makes it difficult to specify all requirements that need to be met for
each individual design. This document provides specifics on some matters
affecting safety of containers whilst other areas may offer guidance only.
It is the joint responsibility of both the equipment owner and the inspection
and/or testing facility to ensure that all containers used within the offshore
industry are fit for the intended service.
REFERENCES
COMMENTS ON
DESIGN OF
OFFSHORE
CONTAINERS
International Maritime Organisation MSC Circular 860

DNV 2.7-1 Certification notes for Offshore Containers
APPEA Guidelines for Lifting Equipment IMDG Code
EN12079. Offshore Containers Design, construction, testing, inspection
and marking.
Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act 1967 P(SL)A
It is recognised that there are many containers in use within the Australian
offshore oil & gas industry that may not be correctly engineered for the
service. The guidelines and procedures provided in this document will assist
in ensuring that every container used within the oil and gas exploration and
production industry has engineering drawings and design calculations to
support the Maximum Gross Weight indicated on the container.
Without the required documentation the testing facility will have no ready
method of determining if the Maximum Gross Weight (MGM) nominated by
the owner, is in fact a safe working load to be applied.
New containers will be fabricated to stringent guidelines and will be built to
recognised standards such as DNV 2.7-1. This will automatically provide the
quality that this document seeks to introduce to existing containers.
JUSTIFICATION OF
ALLOWABLE MGM
(Maximum Gross Mass)
OF EXISTING
CONTAINERS
Existing containers may need to be down-rated due to the more stringent

testing requirements. It is recommended that container owners carry out a
review of existing design MGM ratings to ensure that the container(s) will
meet the testing requirements of 2.5 times MGM. It may be necessary to
revise the container MGM and to update drawings as required, indicating new
ratings.
Page 84
APPEA
PAD EYE
REQUIREMENTS
One of the most critical areas in the fabrication of an offshore container is the
pad eyes and their attachment to the container. For this reason the following
are recommended for offshore containers.
the installation of pad eyes must be carried out in accordance with good
engineering practices;
no bolted on pad eyes are permitted;
pad eyes must be welded to the primary structure of the container;
Note: For existing containers of monocoque construction, a detailed
engineering assessment of the pad eye connection is required;
design carried out by a qualified structural engineer and checked by an
independent engineer;
for design purposes, the design load is to be carried on two diagonally
opposite pad eyes;
align to centre of gravity of the loaded container;
shackle pin hole to be +3mm or, not greater than 4% more than the
shackle pin diameter;
width of pad eye to be equal to 75% of the opening of shackle to be fitted.
This may be accomplished by fitting bosses (cheek plates) to pad eye;
material traceability where appropriate material with through thickness
properties is to be specified. (Lamellar Defects);
documented welding procedures (To AS1554, AWSD1.1 etc.);
welder qualification trace-ability; and
NDT inspection of welding by MPI for all fillet welds & a combination of
Ultra Sonic and MPI for full penetration welds.
Notes:
1. The installation of pad eyes must have engineering trace-ability.
2. DNV 2.7-1 provides full details of container design and material
requirements and designers are encouraged to use the DNV document as a
guide.
GENERAL DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS
Monocoque construction is not to be used in new offshore container

fabrication and/or designs ie. A Primary structure is required.
For all other design requirements for new offshore containers, refer to
DNV2.7-1 Certification Notes Offshore Containers.
.
MARKING
REQUIREMENTS
All Offshore containers shall have the following:

Operational Marking Plate (Tare, Nett & Gross);
Test Plate (date of tests and inspections); and
Each container should be marked with a unique identification number
issued by the owner.
Notes:
1. The above referenced unique number should be cross-referenced on all
relevant documentation, including the Certificate of Conformity.
2. The number should be prominently displayed on at least 2 sides of the
container in contrasting colours with stencilled characters of not less than
75 mm in height.
Page 85
APPEA
COMMENTS ON
LOAD TESTING OF
OFFSHORE
CONTAINERS
The load test requirements for offshore containers used in Australian waters
have traditionally been taken from Marine Orders Part 32 as published by the
Australian Maritime Safety Authority. However, it is recognised that the table
published in Marine Orders Part 32 is not suited to offshore containers and
these guidelines recommend that the requirements of the International
Maritime Organisation (IMO) be applied.
IMO have issued a circular (613) that details testing requirements for offshore
containers. This circular, referenced in Marine Orders part 44, paragraph 11 is
to be replaced by circular MSC 860.
LOAD TESTING
Prior to load testing, carry out thorough visual inspection as detailed within
this document. There is no value in testing a container that has defects.
NDT
Carry out NDT inspection on pad eye welds prior to and following load
testing. There will be no point load testing if pad eye welds have existing
faults.
Internal Load (not to be hung under container): a uniformly distributed load,
the rated MGM. The container should be lifted with its lifting set attached to
all four pad eyes.
Internal load (not to be hung under container): a uniformly distributed load
the rated MGM. The container should be lifted with slings attached to two
diagonally opposite pad eyes during the test.
DOCUMENTATION
REQUIREMENTS
PRIOR TO
LOAD-TESTING
The following requirements apply to any offshore container including baskets,

bottle racks, waste skips, completion baskets, workshops, stores and any other
structure used to transport goods to and from offshore facilities.
The equipment owner (or user) is required to provide the testing facility with
advice regarding design drawings and design calculations as detailed on
Page92.This information is required to enable the testing authority to issue a
Certificate of Conformity that will confirm that the subject container meets the
requirements of these Guidelines.
COMMENTARY ON
CLASSIFICATION
SOCIETY APPROVED
OFFSHORE
CONTAINERS
When a container with classification society certification is presented to a

NATA accredited facility for load testing, the facility is not required to verify
the design. The NATA accredited facility can proceed with load testing the
container and issue the Load Test Certificate on the strength of the Class
Society Certification approval and the satisfactory load test.
Advice regarding the engineering drawings and design calculations detailed
below is not required for a classification society approved container.
Maintaining classification society certification will provide acceptance of the
container at other locations throughout the world.
NATA ACCREDITED
When a container is presented to a NATA accredited facility for inspection
Page 86
APPEA
FACILITY
RESPONSIBILITIES
and testing according to these guidelines, the facility management is

responsible for ensuring the safety of offshore containers.
ALLOWABLE
DEFLECTION
DURING &
SUBSEQUENT TO
LOAD TESTING
Allowable deflection limits are detailed within DNV 2.7-1 Certification notes
Offshore Containers.
Refer to sections 3.7.1.2 & 3.7.1.3 of referenced DNV document.
COMMENTS ON
DEFLECTION
LIMITS
Where deflection exceeds the maximum allowable limit, the container should
be either, de-rated, strengthened, or scrapped.
SLINGS
Sling sets may be chain or wire rope.
Material for chain used in 5th leg of a 5 leg assembly must comply with
ISO 3076.
SHACKLES
Shackles must be:

Grade S minimum
Safety pin type with split pin fitted
Bow shackles are preferred
CERTIFIED VISUAL
INSPECTION
REQUIREMENTS
The following should be considered when undertaking certified visual

inspection
container is free from obvious defects, significant corrosion, impact
damage, cracks, etc;
under-floor support structure inspection;
place container on supports to allow full inspection of underside and
ensure adequate lighting;
look for extensive corrosion and/or any cracking;
it may be necessary to sand blast corroded steel to allow full inspection;
suspected areas of cracking to have NDT inspections carried out;
steelwork that has suffered metal loss of 10% or greater through
corrosion, is to be replaced
Note: This may require UT checks to quantify metal loss;
complete structure to be examined for corrosion, cracking, and impact
damage. Particular attention is to be given to inspection of lifting points,
under-side members and corner post assemblies;
visually inspect all welds for defects;
inspect for signs of mechanical damage;
doors, frames, seals, hinges, locks should be examined and functionally
checked to ensure satisfactory operation without undue force;
check floor is substantially flat with no signs of damage or other
indications that may indicate overloading. Any internal floor damage may
indicate underside damage- re-check; and
marking plates in accordance with these guidelines.
Page 87
APPEA
TESTING OF
WORKSHOP
CONTAINERS,
LOGGING UNITS
ETC.
It is recognised that it is extremely difficult, and in some cases impossible, to

fit the required test weights into containers that have work benches, shelving
etc. It is also impossible to fit weights into many logging units and other
container style cabins that either are full of specialised equipment used by
service companies or, only have personnel access doors.
In the case of these units it is recommended that more stringent inspection
requirements apply to these units in lieu of any load testing.
6 YEARLY
INSPECTION OF
WORKSHOP
CONTAINERS,
LOGGING UNITS
ETC. THAT CANNOT
BE LOAD TESTED
Where test weights cannot be evenly distributed across the floor area of any
container, logging unit etc. the following inspection methods shall be used to
ensure the on-going integrity of the equipment. These requirements shall be
additional to the annual, thorough visual and NDT inspection requirements
previously outlined.
Note: This method of integrity assurance will be in lieu of load testing and will
only be carried out by facilities accredited with NATA for visual or NDT
inspection or Classification Societies (e.g. DNV, Lloyds etc.)
Place container on racks to allow full underside inspection.

Note: Do NOT walk underneath containers suspended by fork-lift or
cranes.
Abrasive blast 25% of under-floor structural welds.
Carry out MPI on all welds cleaned by blasting
Where cracking is found in the underside should be completely abrasive
cleaned and all structural welds inspected by MPI method.
Carry out UT testing of any under-side structural members suspected of
having areas of > 10% metal loss.
Note: If any metal loss of > 10% is detected, the remaining structural
members shall also be UT checked for metal loss.
Carry out repairs as required using approved welding procedures,
qualified welders and trace-able materials equivalent to the original
structure members as detailed on the engineering drawings.
Carry out MPI on all weld repairs and rectify any faults detected.
Re-coat underside of container with a suitable coating for the offshore
environment.
NATA accredited facility shall provide the equipment owner with a stick
diagram of the container underside. The diagram shall identify members
and joints inspected.
The equipment owner should ensure that all QA documents relating to
repairs carried out are complied and retained on file for future reference.
Note: Whilst the abrasive blast requirements may, at first seem to be quite
extensive, it will, in most cases be advantageous as many containers will
require re-application of coatings (particularly underneath) at the end of 6
years and this work will fit well with that requirement.
Page 88
APPEA
VISUAL INSPECTOR
KNOWLEDGE
REQUIREMENTS
The inspector must have, as a minimum, a knowledge and adequate practical

experience of:
The statutory requirements relating to containers.
The provisions of DNV 2.7-1
The various types of containers in service.
The correct methods of slinging and handling the containers.
The loads, stresses and strains affecting containers when handled under
adverse offshore conditions.
The methods of testing containers as detailed in Maritime Safety.
Committee circular 860 or, DNV2.7-1 Offshore Container, Certification
Notes.
Defects likely to be found in containers and acceptable levels of wear,
distortion and deterioration in relation to safety in use.
Welding methods and procedures and qualification of welders.
The various methods of non-destructive examination (NDE) and a good
understanding of how they work and their limitations
Techniques for measuring container to ensure distortion has not occurred
during service or load testing
Inspection of rigging and lifting equipment as per the category Lifting
Sling(s) as detailed in Table F3.
Page 89
APPEA
REQUIREMENTS TO
BE MET PRIOR TO
ISSUING A
CERTIFICATE of
CONFORMITY
OK
Engineering drawings have been prepared or reviewed by a

"body" meeting the requirements of section 2.6
Drawings meet the requirements detailed within this

document.
Container been inspected in accordance with Certified
Visual Inspection Requirements as detailed in Appendix I.
NO
Engineering drawings and structural analysis support any

modifications.
Pad eyes are fitted to the container
Pad eyes have engineering design drawings available
Pad eye design complies with the requirements of this
document.
Container has been de-rated as per requirements of this
document
Container has been load tested as per requirements of this
document
There is no permanent distortion of the container following
load testing (Refer to DNV 2.7-1, section 37.1.2 & 3.7.1.3)
Fork-lift pockets marking is as per the requirements of this
document.
Material for chain used in 5th leg of a 5 leg assembly must
comply with ISO 3076.
NDT of pad eye welds, structural member welds and floor
support structure has not revealed any cracking (or repairs
have been effected)
Figure I.1: Suggested Offshore Container Identification Plate

OFFSHORE CONTAINER
Name of Manufacturer
Month/year of Manufacture
Manufacturers Serial No.
Maximum Gross Weight
Tare Weight
Payload Container
Intermediate Deck kg
Certificate of Conformity No.
Design Temperature
kg at
kg
kg
Degrees C
IDENTIFICATION
PLATE MATERIAL &
SIZE
REQUIREMENTS
deg sling angle
Plate to be of stainless steel or marine grade aluminium, approximately 1

.5 mm thick
Page 90
APPEA
FIGURE I.2: SUGGESTED INSPECTION DATA PLATE

215
35
180 (6 x 30)
10 mm LETTERING
INSPECTION DATA OFFSHORE CONTAINER
Container No.
Maximum Gross Mass
Tare Mass
Payload
Container
Intermediate deck
kg @
kg
kg
kg
deg. Apex sling angle
Owner:
Tel. No. +
+
+
250 mm
70 mm
TEST
PROOF LOAD
NDT
INTERVAL
AT
MANUFACTURE
6 YEAR TEST
DATE CERT NO
3 YEAR TEST
DATE CERT NO
VISUAL
INSPECTION
1 YEAR TEST
DATE CERT NO
AT
SITE
1.5 mm Stainless Steel Or Marine Grade Aluminium
5 mm LETTERING
Suggested plate incorporates ideas from international documents and local

requirements. All dimensions are shown in mm.
Page 91
APPEA
FIGURE I.3 SUGGESTED ALTERNATE IDENTIFICATION PLATE
215 mm
5 mm LETTERING
10 mm LETTERING
OFFSHORE CONTAINER
150 mm
Name of Manufacturer
Month/year of Manufacture
Manufacturers serial No.
Maximum Gross Mass
Tare Mass
Payload
Container
Intermediate deck
Certificate of Conformity No.
Design Temperature
kg @
kg
kg
kg
o
deg. Apex sling angle
1.5 mm Stainless Steel or

Marine Grade Aluminium
The suggested plate complies with international document requirements.
Page 92
APPEA
FIGURE I.4
SUGGESTED OPERATIONAL MARKING PLATE
200
1.5mm Stainless steel or

Marine Grade Aluminium
3.2
90
ID No
TW-SS01
OWNER
WOODSIDE
MANUFACTURER
DISON
DATE OF
MANUFACTURE
TYPE
12/96
OFFSHORE EQUIPMENT CONTAINER
All dimensions shown are in mm.
Page 93
APPEA
FIGURE I.5 SUGGESTED IDENTIFICATION NUMBER DETAIL
75mm high lettering, 7.5mm thick
VARIES
PW - SS01
Page 94
APPEA
FIGURE I.6: SUGGESTED ALTERNATE OFFSHORE CONTAINER INSPECTION

DATA PLATE
INSPECTION DATA-OFFSHORE CONTAINER
Container No.
Maximum Gross Weight (wt)
Tare Weight
Payload - Container
Mid- deck
kg at
deg, Apex sling angle
kg
kg
kg (Where Applicable)
Owner:
Tel. No. +
DATE:
DATE:
DATE:
TEST TYPE:
TEST TYPE:
TEST TYPE:
TESTED BY:
TESTED BY:
TESTED BY:
DATE:
DATE:
DATE:
TEST TYPE:
TEST TYPE:
TEST TYPE:
TESTED BY:
TESTED BY:
TESTED BY:
DATE:
DATE:
DATE:
TEST TYPE:
TEST TYPE:
TEST TYPE:
TESTED BY:
TESTED BY:
TESTED BY:
DATE:
DATE:
DATE:
TEST TYPE:
TEST TYPE:
TEST TYPE:
TESTED BY:
TESTED BY:
TESTED BY:
DATE:
DATE:
DATE:
TEST TYPE:
TEST TYPE:
TEST TYPE:
TESTED BY:
TESTED BY:
TESTED BY:
INSPECTION DATA
PLATE MATERIAL &
SIZE
REQUIREMENTS
Plate to be of stainless steel or marine grade aluminium, approximately 1

.5 mm thick
250 mm overall height (approx.)
Page 95
APPEA
ONGOING
INSPECTION & TEST
REPORTS
Ongoing, in-service reports will include the following as appropriate:

Visual Inspection Reports;
Load Test Reports; and
Non Destructive Testing Reports.
Page 96

Guidelines For Lifting Equipment: Issued: March 2000 Last Amended: June 2001

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GUIDELINES FOR

Australian Petroleum Production & Exploration Association Limited

GPO Box 2201

CANBERRA ACT 2600

CANBERRA ACT 2601

+61 2 6247 0960

Facsimile: +61 2 6247 0548

ACN 000 292 713

Guidelines for Lifting Equipment

Reason for Amendment

Guidelines for Lifting Equipment

COMPETENCY STANDARDS ....................................................................................................................... 4

REGISTERS OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT ..................................................................................................... 7

DESIGN OF OFFSHORE LIFTING DEVICES ............................................................................................. 9

DESIGN OF OFFSHORE LIFTING GEAR ................................................................................................. 14

Guidelines for Lifting Equipment

DESIGN OF LIFTED EQUIPMENT (OFFSHORE CONTAINERS).............................................................................. 20

DESIGN OF TANKS FOR FLUIDS.............................................................................................................. 26

MARKING OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT...................................................................................................... 27

PERIODIC INSPECTION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE ................................................................... 29

SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURES............................................................................................................ 33

APPENDIX A .............................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

Guidelines for Lifting Equipment

APPENDIX F............................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

Guidelines for Lifting Equipment

floating production units;

floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) facilities;

mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs);

diving support vessels;

onshore loading facilities and supply bases.

specialised wireline operations (ie. winches, wireline units, etc);

heavy lift activities from construction barges;

helicopter external lifting.

Guidelines for Lifting Equipment

Lifting Equipment Terminology

Bulk liquid tanks

(Mobile crane, Tower crane,

Open freight containers

Wire rope slings

Overhead crane, Hoist)

Closed freight containers

Flat synthetic webbing slings

Wire coil flat slings

Polyester round slings

In-situ lifting beam

Open top bins

Gas cylinder racks

Long stock container

Guidelines for Lifting Equipment

Relationship with Regulations

registration and trace-ability of Lifting Equipment within its control or use;

design, fabrication and supply of Lifting Equipment;

inspection and maintenance of Lifting Equipment under its control;

safe use of Lifting Equipment;

training and competencies of personnel;

contractor or third party owned Lifting Equipment; and

auditing of this management system.

Guidelines for Lifting Equipment

awareness of relevant competency standards;

knowledge of Lifting Equipment used on the facility;

lift planning procedures;

requirements for pre-use equipment checks;

requirements for moving loads around the facility;