TASK-5

SUBMITTED BY: Tarandeep Singh (14BEC0504)

Nikhil Maini (14BEC0161)

Namit Jain (14BEC0097)

Aim: Design a low frequency and a high frequency oscillator to generate sine wave form of
required frequency
i)
ii)

Hardware implementation-RC Phase shift Oscillator(Low Frequency)

Software simulation -Hartley Oscillator(High Frequency)

Circuit Diagram:

Model Graph:

Theory:
An oscillator is a circuit, which generates ac output signal without giving any input ac signal.
This circuit is usually applied for audio frequencies only. The basic requirement for an
oscillator is positive feedback. The operation of the RC Phase Shift Oscillator can be
explained as follows: The starting voltage is provided by noise, which is produced due to
random motion of electrons in resistors used in the circuit. The noise voltage contains almost
all the sinusoidal frequencies. This low amplitude noise voltage gets amplified and appears at
the output terminals. The amplified noise drives the feedback network which is the phase
shift network. Because of this the feedback voltage is maximum at a particular frequency,
which in turn represents the frequency of oscillation. Furthermore, the phase shift required
for positive feedback is correct at this frequency only. Therefore, the expression for frequency
of oscillation for RC Phase Shift Oscillator is

1
R
2RC 6 4 C
R

Hence, RC Phase Shift Oscillator produces an output which is 1800 out of phase to the input
and also the desired frequency selection can be obtained.

Design:
Vcc =12V

IC = 4mA

hfe = 200

a) To determine voltages
VRc = 40% Vcc
VRe = 10% Vcc
VCe= 50% Vcc
b) To design Rc, Re

VRc I C Rc
VRe I E Re
c) To design R1, R2
IB

IC
h fe

IR1=10 IB
IR2=9 IB
VR2=VBE+ VRe
R2

VR 2
9I B

VR1= Vcc- VR2

R1

VR1
10 I B

d) To design bypass capacitor:

X CE

RE
10

f=100 Hz

CE

10
2fRE

e) To design feedback circuit:

Let frequency, Frequency of Oscillation f= 1 to 10 kHz, R = (choose any suitable value)
Using the formula, compute the value of capacitance.

Output :

1
R
2RC 6 4 C
R