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doi: 10.5154/r.inagbi.2015.03.001
Abstract
T
Keywords: nixtamalization,
wastewater, treatment,
microfiltration, total
organic carbon.
Resumen
L
Palabras clave:
nixtamalizacin, agua
residual, tratamiento,
microfiltracin, carbono
orgnico total.
Please cite this article as follows (APA 6): Castro-Muoz, R., Orozco-lvarez, C., CernMontes, G. I., & Yez-Fernndez, J. (2015). Characterization of the microfiltration process
for the treatment of nixtamalization wastewaters. Ingeniera Agrcola y Biosistemas, 7(1), 2334.
doi: 10.5154/r.inagbi.2015.03.001
www.chapingo.mx/revistas/inagbi
24
Introduction
Introduccin
Castro-Muoz et al.
25
26
V
V
VRF = VF = 1 + V P
R
R
(1)
T-101
MF
PI
VRF =
P-102
M-100
T-103
VF
V
=1+ P
VR
VR
(1)
Membrane parameters
LP =
LP =
Jv
TMP
(2)
(3)
Jv
TMP
(2)
(3)
Castro-Muoz et al.
Washing efficiency
Washing efficiency was assessed by the recovery of
the initial permeability of the membrane, in terms
of flux recovery (FR, %), using the method described
by Chen, Li, Tan, and Petrus (2006), based on the
following equation:
Wp2
FR =
100
Wp0
(4)
[%]
(5)
FR =
Wp2
100
Wp0
(4)
[%]
(5)
27
28
(6)
Anlisis estadstico
Todas las mediciones de los parmetros fisicoqumicos
fueron realizadas por triplicado. Los resultados se
expresaron como media desviacin estndar (SD). La
prueba de anlisis de varianza (ANAVA) fue realizada
utilizando el software estadstico SAS (Statistical
Analysis System [SAS], 2004). La prueba de Tukey fue
utilizada para comparar las medias; diferencias entre
las medias con probabilidad (P < 0.05) se consideraron
significativas.
Retencin de la membrana hacia cada parmetro
fisicoqumico evaluado en el agua residual
Para determinar la retencin (Ri) por la membrana
hacia cada componente especfico fue determinada
con la siguiente ecuacin (Ciss, Vaillant, Pallet, &
Dornier, 2011):
Ri = (1
Cpi
) 100
Cfi
(6)
Castro-Muoz et al.
700
600
Jp(kgm2h1)
500
400
300
200
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Operating time /
Tiempo de operacin
29
700
7
600
6
500
Jp
VRF
400
5
4
300
200
100
0
VRF
Jp (kgm2h1)
30
1
0
10
15
20
25
30
Castro-Muoz et al.
1200
After treatment / Despus del tratamiento
Jp (kgm2h1)
1000
y = 756.96x
y = 756.38x
y = 584.69x
800
600
400
200
Wp0
756.96*
Wp1
584.69*
Wp2
756.38*
0
0.00
0.30
0.60
0.90
1.20
1.50
TMP (bar)
22.68
99.82
31
Table 2. Physicochemical composition of nixtamalization wastewaters before and after the MF process.
Cuadro 2. Composicin fisicoqumica de las aguas residuales de la Nixtamalizacin antes y despus del proceso MF.
Property / Propiedad
Feed / Alimentacin
Permeate / Permeado
Retentate / Retenido
1.53 0.05a
1.3 0.00b
1.02 0.10c
538.09 12.12b
146.51 3.73c
1767.8 5.55a
1.34 0.05b
1.02 0.06c
1.66 0.12a
pH
13.48 0.00b
13.42 0.00c
13.62 0.00a
1190.74 23.62b
964.81 20.47c
1350.92 43.59a
2424.00 5.29b
1896.66 0.57c
2792.33 2.51a
3.47 0.09b
2.96 0.20c
4.51 0.04a
2984.10 0.94b
2485.5 0.77c
3620.4 0.91a
1078.3 3.40b
955.70 3.04c
1787.7 6.79a
*Results expressed as mean standard deviation for each sample. Different superscript letters in a row indicate significant difference (P < 0.05) according to
Tukeys test.
*Los resultados expresados como media desviacin estndar para cada muestra. Letras superndices diferentes en la fila indican diferencia significativa (P < 0.05)
acorde con la prueba de Tukey.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
TS
pH
C
Co on
nd du
c
uc tiv
tiv it
Ca
id y /
lc
ad
iu
m
/C
al
ci
o
10
TS
C
Tu
Tu rb
rb idi
id ty
Po ez /
Po ly
lif ph
en en
o
Ca oles ls
/
Ca rb
rb oh
oh yd
id ra
ra te
to s
s /
TO
C
/C
OT
32
Castro-Muoz et al.
Acknowledgements
Agradecimientos
Conclusions
33
34
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