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SUBMITTED TO:
K VASEEMUL RAHAMAN
SUBMITTED BY:
TEJASWI KUMAR
R OLL NO:
1229
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S ESSION 2023-2024
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would also like to thank our Principal Mr. Kuldeep Singh Sir,
for providing me with this wonderful opportunity to work on a project with the
The completion of the project would not have been possible without their help
and insights.
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CERTIFICATE
This is to Certify that TEJASWI KUMAR of class XII "A' of BAL BHARATI
BALLS” as prescribed by the CBSE Board for the Academic Year 2023-2024.
INDEX
2 AIM 6
3 THEORY 7
4 APPARATUS 11
5 PROCEDURE 12
6 OBSERVATION 13
7 RESULT 14
8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 15
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INTRODUCTION
When it is only of interest to know the magnitude of the electrostatic force (and
not its direction), it may be easiest to consider a scalar version of the law. The
scalar form of the Coulomb’s Law relates the magnitude and sign of the
follows:
q1q2 is positive, the force between the two charges is repulsive; if the product is
AIM
To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical Styrofoam balls
(or pith balls) suspended in a vertical plane by making use of Coulomb’s law:
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THEORY
familiar with the fact that rubbing two materials together - for example, a rubber
comb on cat fur - produces a “static” charge. This process is called charging by
friction. The charged particles which make up the universe come in three kinds:
positive, negative, and neutral. Neutral particles do not interact with electrical
forces. Charged particles exert electrical and magnetic forces on one another,
but if the charges are stationary, the mutual force is very simple in form and is
where F is the electrical force between any two stationary charged particles with
Nm2/C2 in SI units)
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1)The force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the
charges, and is directed along the straight line that connects their centres.
3)Two particles of the same charge exert a repulsive force on each other, and
Materials such as metals are conductors. Each metal atom contributes one or
two electrons that can move relatively freely through the material. A conductor
will carry an electrical current. Other materials such as glass are insulators.
Their electrons are bound tightly and cannot move. Charge sticks on an
isolated, neutral insulator, the electrons in the atoms of the insulator will be
pushed slightly away from the negative rod, and the positive nuclei will be
attracted slightly toward the negative rod. We say that the rod has induced
polarisation in the insulator, but its net charge is still zero. The polarisation of
charge in the insulator is small, but now its positive charge is a bit closer to the
negative rod, and its negative charge is a bit farther away. Thus, the positive
charge is attracted to the rod more strongly than the negative charge is repelled,
and there is an overall net attraction. If the negative rod is brought near an
conductor, electrons are free to move through the material, and some of them
are repelled over to the opposite surface of the conductor, leaving the surface
near the negative rod with a net positive charge. The conductor has been
polarised, and will now be attracted to the charged rod. Now if we connect a
conducting wire or any other conducting material from the polarised conductor
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to the ground, we provide a “path” through which the electrons can move.
Electrons will actually move along this path to the ground. If the wire or path is
charge. The conductor has been charged without actually being touched with the
charged rod, and its charge is opposite that of the rod. This procedure is called
charging by induction.
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APPARATUS REQUIRED
• Cotton thread
• Small stand
• Glass rod
• Silk cloth
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PROCEDURE
1. Measure the mass (m) of each of the two identical pith balls using a physical
balance.
2. Hang the two balls from a rigid support using light silk or cotton threads of
3. Rub the glass tod silk cloth to induce charge on it. Now touch the glass rod
with both the pith balls together so that equal charge is induced on both the
balls.
4. When left freely, the two balls will repel each other. Measure the distance
between the balls when are at rest. Note down the distance.
5. To change the charge on ball, take third uncharged ball touch it to any one of
the two balls and take the third ball away, and repeat step 4.
6. Take other uncharged suspended with other uncharged 4th ball and take the
OBSERVATIONS
RESULT
Let the force between two stationary charges be F.
Let the charge on each ball be q1, q2 and q3 then at equilibrium= mg Sinθ
= (kq×q )/x2
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
NCERT
Websites
• iCBSE.com
• Wikipedia
• Chemmicalland.com
• Books.google.co.in