Kural 1:

noun as
well as
Boluktan sonra as well as
varsa nceki boluk NOUN olmaldr.
as well as yapsnda araya hibirey
gelmez.
Kural 3:
ALTHOUGH-Still ilikisini unutma!!!!
Ztlk balalarnn olduu ana
cmlede: stil, nevertheless,
nonetheless, was/were able
to, but, yet, manage to olabilir.
Kural 5:

(,) virglden sonra gelen

AND + so
BUT +
You may be, but
even so
MAYi grnce BUT ara!!!!!!!!!!!
condition in
situtation in

Kural 6:

Suppose that
kurallar geerli
Supposing
Provided that
kurallar geerli
Providing
Kural 7:
range
vary
vary
differ

Kural 2:
,and
,but
,so
,for
yaplar
,yet
,then
,or /, nor
,whereas
Kural 4:

IF yaps TYPE 2

IF yaps TYPE 2

from
A to B.
from
A to B.
between A to B.
from
A.

Kural 9:
For+ noun

Preposition
olan FOR

For+ SVO

Because olan
FOR

Kural 11:
THOUGH
1. Although/Even Though anlam.
2. Cmle sonunda kullanm ve
yinede/ama anlam.
A friend of mine
mine doru me
olmaz.

A is B yaps varsa;
A is B, thus
only
NGli olur.
thereby
generally
Kural 8:
So long as
As long as

sonras boluk % 100 fiil

IF yapsdr.

As sfat as
Sfat olan long ile
kullanldnda iki eyin benzerliini yapmak
iin kullanlr.
My story is as long as your story.
Kural 10:
Now that
Seeing that
Cmle bana Anlam
gelir.
Inasmuch as
:
in that
asn
for
Cmle bana gelmez
dan
in that (SVO gelir) = as regards (noun
gelir)
Kural 12:
STILL
1. Tense sorularnda still grnce
Present rense seilir.
2. Bala sorularnda Although/Even
though/Though gibi bir bala seilir.

Kural 13:
WHLE
gelirse, nne
WHEREAS

Kural 14:
Ana cmlenin sonuna
virgl (,) gelir.

So that+
that SVO
ama

birleik yazlan so
(yapabilmek iin)

bildirir.
1. zneler farkl,
2. Zamanlar ayn olmaldr.
3. Ztlk ister (but/however/ yet gibi)

sonra gelen
fiil %100
oul fiil olur.

Not only .But (also).

Neither.Nor.
ksmdan sonra gelen
Either.Or.
tekil yada

ikinci
zneye gre
oul fiil

olur.
Kural 17:
Over + present sre
Over + past sre
perfect
Hence far
Thus far
perfect cont.
So far
Kural 19:

future
present

present perfect/ present

last year (belirli zaman)

V2
DURING
last years (belirsiz zaman)
have/has V3
Kural 21:
in case
lest
fort the fear that

O kadarki
sonu bildirir.
Ksaltmas as to

ile yaplr.
Kural 16:

Kural 15:
Both . And.

so adj that
such adj+noun
anlamnda
sebepthat

V1 gelirse kars
By the
time
will
have been Ving
dan
sonra

V2 gelirse kars

had

V3
h
ad been Ving
by the time= by the end of=by
Kural 18:
At the moment
%1
At present
00
Presently
am
For the time being
Vin
is
Constantly
g
Now
(now present perfect de olabilir)
a

re

Kural 20:
Before ve Until hari, bala taraf nce
olan olay anlatr.
(past zaman)
When
HAD V3, V2 yada V2, V2
Once
After
(present zaman)
As soon as
V1, will V1 yada
have/has V3, will V1
Kural 22:
On my own

ownlar on alr.

SHOULD ister.
By myself

htimaline karn, olursa diye,

korkusuyla..

will

have V3

selfler by alr.

Kural 23:

Kural 24:

ANY: Olumsuz cmlede kullanlr ama

cmleyi olumsuzlatrmaz.

Any: herhangi bir

Any doctor = herhangi bir doktor

TOO: Olumlu cmlede kullanlr ve cmleyi

olumsuzlatrr.

Some: tek /mutlak

Some way= mutlak/tek yol

Kural 25:

Kural 26:

very (-)

very (-)
Few

only a (-)
quite a (+)
(a lot of)
just a (-)

only a (-)
quite a (+)

Litt
le

just a (-)

a (+)

a (+)

Kural 27:

Kural 28:

__________ the most beatiful

(superlative)

__________ more beaitiful (comparative)

The very
by far
best
far and away
quite
very
much
Kural 29:
UNUTMA: asas
(+/-) so..as (-)
Cmle olumu (+) ise:
I work _______ as much as Ali.
twice/ three times/four times
Cmle olumsuz (-) ise:
I dont work _____ as much as Ali.

even
rather
far
much/slightly
alot /a great deal/a little
Kural 30:
by %40
gelir.

%li ifadelerin bana by

Kural 31:

_______ two million jobs

almost/ all but
saysal
nearly/roughly
nne bu
approximately/about
gelir.
up to/as many as
Kural 32:

in case of NOUN

Gizli IF olan BUT var UNUTMA!!!!

quite

in case SVO

should

SVO

V1
have/has V3

could/would/might V1BU
T
V1
could/would/might BU
T
V2
HAVE V3

bu ekilde
ifadelerin
yaplar

Kural 33:

As long
as

Ought ____to
Have ____ to
Has _____ to
Are _____ to

Kural 34:
cmle balamaz

ki
Fiil

yanna gelir.

IF yapsdr
Yet yada Also gelir.

IF
AS

ounl

ukla kendisinden
S

A
H
UG
O
derece past
alnr.
TH

sonra fiilin bir

-m

gibi
Kural 36:

Kural 35:
comparative and comparative
yapsndan sonra present continous tense
gelir.
better and better
gelir.
more and more

am/is/are V ing

Kural 37:

Kendisinden
sonra NOUN gelir.
TO
AS

gelince.

R
FO
S
A

Kural 38:

Since Kural UNUTMA!

ever since=since

so that
in order that
in order to
so as to
as to
to

Kural 39:

Kural 40:

Since V2, have/has V3

V2, have/has been Ving

All+time
gelir.

Anlam: e

Perfect Continouslar

Earlier
Cmle sonuna geldiklerinde
HAD V3 alr.
Before
Once

C2 (can-could)
M2 (may-might)
W2 (will-would)
VERB gelirrrrr..

Never
Have/has V3
Already
Had V3
Just
Will have V3den biri gelir.
(perfect yaplar)
Yet
was/were Ving varsa
When/While/Just as /As
At this

Kural 41:
Had V3 varsa
V2 ara!!!
Had V3-Had V3 asla yan yana

gelmez.
Had V3- was/were Ving ile asla yan
yana gelmez.
Would-Had Been Ving asla yan yana
gelmez.
V2-V2 yan yana gelir.
was/were Ving- was/were Ving yan
yana gelir.

time
Kural 42:
OF ALL varsa

superlative yap ara.

Superlative bir yap bizi ounlukla Present

Perfect tense gtrr.

Kural 43:
V1- Have/Has V3
BUT varsa yan

sadece AND ve
yana gelir.

Have/Has V3- Have /Has V3

sadece
AND ve BUT (perfect yaplar asla
varsa yan yana gelir.
yan yana gelmez)
Kural 45:
nerme Cmlesi past ise kars en az
V2 olmal.

Kural
______
______
______
______
______
______

44:
,
.
preposition
bala
place
time

Kural 46:
_________ ,

He said that __V2__(en az V2)

nerme Cmlesi present ise kars en
fazla V2 olmal.
He say that ___V2_(en fazla V2)
Kural 47:
Cmle banda
Neither
geldiklerinde
Only
Hardly/Scarcely/Barely cmle DEVRK
Not only
olur.
At no time
No/None
Cmleyi
Never
olumsuzlatr
No sooner
rlar.

t is first time
second time

t is time Ali (

Just as
Much as
As

Any longer
Any more
No longer
(gemi)
No more

) + V2

t was time Aye (

When/While/Just as/as
(zaman anlam)

Kural 51:

have/has V3

t is time + to go

Kural 50:

anlam)

Bolua,
That gelmez
Noun clause gelmez
Tolu ksaltma gelmez
Adverbial clause gelmez
f clause gelmez.

Kural 48: t is kalb

Kural 49:

AS
anlam-gibi)

Boluktan sonra
bunlardan biri varsa
boluk %80
passivedir.

Much as/Just as/as (paralel

)+ had V3

Bunlar like ayn anlama

gelirler.

SVO
ki SVO balarlar.
Like+ noun gelir.

Sadece As + NOUN gelirse olarak

Because/Since/as (nk-iin anlamndadr.
As + SVO gelirse gibi
anlamndadr.
Kural 52:
Sonrasnda
zne yoksa V1
gelir

USED TO V1 ya gtrr.

Not: ki SVO ya bir balala yada bir

ksaltma ile balanr.

would rather
would just as soon
would sooner

Sonrasnda
zne varsa V2
gelir

Kural 53:

Kural 54:

t .. that
PASSVE
He . to
They/she/we
(it hari tm zneler)
Kural 55:
with (+)
without (-) + noun
IF (Type2/Type3)
adverb
adjective +

as
though

ZARF GZL

ALTHOUGH

Kural 57:
NOUN
NOUN
VERB
VERB
Ving
Ving
HAD V3
HAD V3
ADV./ADJ.
ADV./ADJ.

AND
BUT
OR

Ardk yaplar ister

Kural 59:
(zneler ayn)
(zne
farkl, tense ayn)
ALTHOUGH
WHLE/WHEREAS
However,
In
contrast,
Nonetheless,
Conversely,
Nevertheless,
On
the other hand
Even so,
JUST AS/MUCH AS/AS
Still, Yet
on the contrary
(zneler ayn, cmlelerden biri
olumsuz)
Kural 61:
Like
Hate +
Would like + to
Ving
V1
Dislike

BUT

Economics/Mathematics + S
Bilim dallar s ile de bitse S alr.

QUTEdan sonraki bolua what (wh

sorular)
a lot of
verb
superlativ
e yaplar gelir.
YES= Thats
right
Kural 56:
Kyafetler
N alr.
(Men in black siyah giyen adamlar)
Aksesuarlar
WTH alr.
(Women with red krmz takan kadnlar)
Kural 58:
NOT ..BUT Kalbna
Dikkat:
Merely
But also
Solely
As well
Only
Too
Bu yaplarda gelebilir..

Kural 60:
GZL F !!! (YOKSA)
must
Will
ought to
Would V1
should
Would Have
had better

or,
or else,
;
otherwis
e,
V3

Kural 62:
So
Such
balamaz
Whether
That
If

iki ayr cmle balar.

iki ayr cmle

iki ayr cmle balamaz

iki ayr cmle balar.
Prepositiondan sonra

if ve that gelmez.

Kural 63:
SO= e anlamllar:
Therefore
As a consequence/ consequently
Fort this reason
As a result
Thus/Hence
Accordingly
That is why
Kural 65:
FOR= e anlamllar:
Because
Since
As
Inasmuchas
On the grands that
Seeing that/now that/in that

Kural 64:
AND = e anlamllar:
As well as
Besides
Moreover
Furthermore
Also
n Addiction
Further
Kural 66:
Subjunctive yap lardan
SUBJUNCTVE!!!!
sonra should V1
Its crucial
kullanlmaktadr.
Its important
Should kullanlmadnda ise
Its significant
filin yaln hali kullanlr.
Its vital
importance
Should V1 yada should
atlr ve sadece V1
significance
gelir.
urgency

Kural 67:

Kural 68:

On/upon cmle banda ise DEVRK olur.

SVO+ as well
ayndr.

SVO +too ile

WHEN/AS SOON AS ile e anlamldr.

I love pizza. I love cake, as well.
is of-are of have got/has got
is to-are to must

too

Kural 69:
the question

like

this
NOUN

like this

isimden sonra
noun + like this

Kural 70:
Utmost= The Most
Utmost+ isim
The most+ sfat

such as gibi.

Kural 71:
Zarf+isim = byle bir ey yok
Zarf+sfat = the most beatiful
Zarf+zarf =
Zarf+sfat+isim = significantly benefical
information
Sfat+isim = red book

when a single man

would live
used to live

gemie iaret
gemiteki alkanlk
gemiteki alkanlk

Kural 72:
Kiiye zg sfatlar OF alr..
th
oughtless of
Nesneye zg sfatlar FOR
alr

Kural 73:

Kural 74:

The reason for my failure is the exam

itself.

Press: medya
Depress: zmek
Oppress: fiziksel ikence
Repress: eziyet ektirmek
Suppress: bastrmak
Compress: sktrmak

1.fiil
The reason why I failed is the exam itself.
1.fiil 2.fiil
Kural 75:

Kural 76:

Gerund (Ving) ile balayan zneler

daima tekil fiil alr ve saylmazlar.

The number of
is (tekil fifl)
The number of stories in this book is ten.

Teaching students is hard.

A number of
are (oul fiil)
A number of stories were interesting.

oul zne olmasna ramen

Kural 77:
Be going to V1
planlanm eylem
Will V1
olas eylemler

Kural 78:
gelecekte

too sfat to
sfat enough to
gelecekte olmas sfat to
V1 gelir.
to (in order to/so as to)
the first to
Go+Ving go fiilinden sonra tense ne
the second to
olursa olsun
Ving gelir.
rne
go fishing
go visiting
k
go dancing
go playing
Kural 79:
Kural 80:
Sahiplik sfatlarndan sonra gelen yap
ING (Gerund)
Most of the members paid their dues
without my asking them.
ahs zamirlerinden sonra gelen yap TO
V1 (infinitive)
I told him to come early.
Kural 81:
So MUCH
noun that
MANY
Such
A LOT OF
FEW
noun that
LITTLE

I think
I hope
Ve Emir cmleleri

WLL ister.

akin
to=similar to

Kural 82:
dependent on
independent of
indepence from
dependence on
reliance on

am
is + likely
to=may
are

Kural 83:
If only = I wish Present bir ey kullanlmaz.
(PAST)
(Type2)
(Type3)
Could V1
Would V1
modallar
kullanlr.
Could have V3

I wish

zneler ayn ise would

kullanlmaz.

Pasiflerde
Kural 84: UNUTMA!
n sonra to
Cmle to
gelir.
ve V1 ile
balama
z.

Virgld
en
sonra
Ving-V3
gelir.

Preposition
dan sonra
Ving gelir.
Prepten sonra
Fiilden sonra
f, why, that
V3l ksaltma
gelmez.
gelmez.

Kural 85:
Kural 86:
Only if= if (devrik)
Not: Only if cmle bamda ise, ikinci ksm
devrik olur.
ikinci ksm

lk ksm

When
Once
Will V1
Not: If cmleleri her iki taraf V1-V1 dnda As soon as

V1

If only= I wish (Type 2/Type 3)

asla ayn tense olmaz.

Kural 87:
BUT
FOR
FOR
ALL
+noun

Kural 88:
ALL
BUT

+noun

If it hadn been for

Almost
If it werent for
Practically
(Type 2/Type3)
Kural 89:
Recent

In spite of
Despite

Despite ve
in spite
ofdan son
ra Ving
de gelir.

For all
*Despite
*In spite of
*Notwithstanding
gelir.

sonra noun

*SVO gelecekse the fact that alrlar.(For

all hari)
Kural 90:

sadece have/has V3

Recently

have/has V3

PREPOSITION

have/has V3

+ which
+ whom
+whose

V2
that which= what

where = preposition+ which (from which

hari)

Kural 91:

Kural 92:

At the moment am/is/are Ving

At that moment

WHEREB
means
of which

E anlamls: by

V2

A system, a
method, a scheme gibi ad beklerini izleyen
bir balatr.

Kural 93:

Kural 94:
THAT

smin yanna gelir

sfat yanna gelir
(adjective clause)
clause)

fiil yada
(noun

noun+that SVO
verb+that SVO
S yada V eksik olmal
olmal
Kural 95:
At the
moment=now/
at
present
(zaman zarf)

When
hari
via=by way of
soru
We went to Mersin via Konya.
ekleri iki
via versa = yada tam tersi SVO
balama
z.

SVO tam
Kural 96:
The
moment=when

Whatever
Whenever +
Whereever

(bala)

Kural 97:

MAY gelir.
Thats why=
because
Thats right=
yes

Kural 98:
SMPLE

Zaman
gelmez.
balac
tarafna

WLL
Vingli

yaplar gelmez.

PAST
Zaman
balac
PRESENT
tarafna
sadece
PERFECT

SMPLE
PRESENT
PAST

PERFECT
Until=Till
When=While=As=Just as
Whilst
Kural 99:

Kural 100:
Since

Zaman
hari
balacnn
dndaki
cmleye

been Ving gelmez

Sre varsa
been Ving
(for two hours)
have/has V3 Ving
have/has
Ving

Kural 101:
The last
time

PAST

will have
have/has been
had been

Yani perfect continuous yaplar

tercih edilmeli
Kural 102:
lgi balalarnda zaman uyumuna
dikkat!!!!!

gerektirir.
first
The first
time

last ile e anlaml.

When I
When I

Although V2 yesterday, V2.

Although will V1 next week, V2 yesterday.
Although past, past.
present, present.
Zaman
uyumu ara.

Kural 103:

Kural 104:

havent/hasnt V3
STI
(stillden sonra have
LL olumlu olamaz)
done

I hope that
I promise that

will V1

I hoped that
I promised that

would V1

I have done., I still

havent done.. .
V1
yet
can do
is doing
Kural 105: TAQ Question

Kural 106:
Get
Allow
Force

Sentence Connectorn iine gre

I had worked hard;however, I failed,
didnt I?

(sb) to V1

Adverbial clausenin dna gre

After I had worked hard, I managed,
didnt I?

(smt) V3
Make
Let
(sb) Ving
Have

Kural 107:
Verb
Adjective
Idea
Opinion

Kural 108:
That
Whether + SVO
(tam cmle)
If

O
(what/who)
(what/who)
Kural 109:
smin yanna gelen ksaltma
have
V3l olmaz
Virglden sonra
tolu ksaltma
gelmez.
Verbn yanna
V3l ksaltma
gelmez.
Whin yanna
tolu ksaltma gelir
(why hari)
Cmle yanna
Cmle bana
Kural 111:
SVOda
n
oluan
V3
basit bir
cmled
e

tolu ksaltma gelmez.

Would rather
than
Would prefer
rather than
Would rather
much
Would just as
soon
Would sooner

Than
sadece
comp.
ile
kullanlr
.

Com

parative yapdr

Kural 110:
Cmle sonuna gelen yaplar;
, TOO olumlu cmlede (de, da)
, EITHER olumsuz cmlede (de, da)
, YET perfect yapda olumsuz (de, da)
, AS WELL olumlu cmlede (de, da)
INSTEAD yerine anlamnda
SVO, SVO, Though/Afterwardsbala
olarak
Kural 112:

V1
V2
Will V1
Have/has
Yani ana
zamanlar
kullanlr

Currently
Constantly
For the time
being
Ving
gelir
Forever
ncreasingly
Always

am
is
are

Kural 113:

Kural 114:
Aylar in alr. Gnler on alr. Yllar in alr.
Ay+gn on alr. (gnler baskndr)

Seenekte
Am/Is/Are Ving
Was/were Ving varsa

Zaman balalarndan when/while/just

as/as aranr.
Because, Although gibi sebep
balalarnn iine gelir.
Kural 115:
BETWEEN iki ey arasnda

at Ramazan
on Ramazan day

HOW? by/through
WHY to / for

Kural 117:
Throughout
ve/has
V3
In
SRE
During
Over

in the world
on the earth

Kural 116:

AMONG saysnn ka
olduunu bilmediimiz
ey arasnda

ok

on April 28th in
1968

after= afterwards=subsequent to=in

the wake of

Kural 118:
Ha
+

Regarding
As to
noun
Concerning

anlamndadr.
Thats to
say=yani

Ha
ve/has been Ving
Kural 119:
in conclusion
all in all
to sum up
olarak/ zetle
to summarize

Kural 120:
Sonu

in summary

Bu yaplar

n short

cmlesinde

paragrafn
ilk
n brief
yerTo
almayp
be brief

ABOUT (ilgili/alakal)

FIRST
SECON
D
THIRD

ONE
ANOTHE
R
A THIRD

FIRST AND
FOREMOST
ALSO
MOREOVER

dier her

yerde olabilirler.
Kural 121:

NOUN CLAUSE OLAN WHETHER/IF:

Cmle banda sadece whether kullanlr,

if kullanlmaz.

Whether Jack is happy is certain.

I dont know whether/if Jack is happy.

Kural 122:

Much
(-/?)
Many
(-/?)

Too much
kullanmlar
Too many

A lot of
(+)

eklinde bir tamlama iinde

ise olumlu cmlede olmal.

Kural 123:

Kural 124:

Because +SVO

I dont know _____

Because of +noun

As a result,
As a result of,
+SVO
+noun
Thanks to +noun
+ Vingli
ksaltma
+ noun caluse

I know _____

Kural 126:

SADECE (+)
CMLEDE

either, neither,
nor
(-) CMLEDE
also

(+)

that

Kural 125: CMLE SONUNDA..

too, as well,
so,as

(-)

if/
whether/who/how/why

Olumlu cmlede and

APART
anlamnda.
FROM

Olumsuz cmlede
except anlamnda.
SADECE
HEM (+) HEM (-)

NOT: as if/as though fiilin

yanna gelir.

CMLEDE

Kural 127:

Kural 128:
Although-

V1 ile
Because grubu
have/has V3

balalar hari

asla
yan yana

ADJ CLAUSE
olan
When
Where
Why

gelmez

Kural 129:
WHOLE

That which=
what

WH
yaplarda
ksaltma to
ile yaplr.

The whole book

All time
All books

Kural 131:

ztlk isterler

Unless iine olumsuz yap almaz.

cmle varsa
Olumsuz yap kar tarafta olur.
tarafta da olur.
Unless (+), (-).
if (-),(-).

Preposition
ile kullanlmaz.

2.

Arkalarndan
asla Verb
gelmez.

Kural 130:

ALL

Unless= If
not

1.

Even if
Olumsuz
her iki
Even

Process + by
which
Mean + by
which

(why hari)

Kural 132:
Someone
Anybody
Everything
Nowhere

one- body = they

thing-where= it

Everybody is at home, arent they?

Kural 133:
Boluktan sonra sfat yada zarf varsa:
How
adjective
However
adverb
No matter how
How iki ayr cmle

Kural 134:
past
now

1982

until 1982
since 1982

balamaz.

(1982e kadar)
(1982den beri)

Kural 135:

Kural 136:

SO
bir sonucu gsterir cmle banda
kullanlmaz.
Ancak So.that devrik cmlede cmle bana
gelir.

1982

Diyalog
sorularnda
Whatl sorulara
genellikle Well
ile cevap verilir.

Prepositionlardan
sonra if/whether
/that gelmez.

So beautiful is she that.

Kural 137:
Everytime=Whenever
%100 S. Present
Whenever/Everytime+past,
I met Ali whenever
I go to Van.
used to V1
Ancak
, would V1
Whenever I went to Van, I would visit it.
Kural 139:
Cmlede bir fiil
olur, ikincisi
ksaltmadr.

Used to=would

Have to/have got to=must

Kural 140:

ki isim
birleirken
araya of alr.

Kural 141:
Very X Too FARKI
Veryok (very expensive ok pahal ama
alnabilir.)
Too ar ok (too expensive ok pahal
almam imkansz)

Kural 143:
Gerund ile
balayan
zneler
students
is hard.
daime tekil fiil
alr .

Kural 138:
Be likely to= may
Modal+V1 (present
modal)
Be able to= can
Be going to= will
Modal+have/has V3
Be supposed to=should
( past modal)

Go fiilinden sonra tense ne olursa olsun Ving

gelir.
Go fishing
Go
camping
Go dancing

Prepositionlarda
n sonra gelen
yap inglidir.
(to hari)

Kural 142:
ZELLKLE anlamnda zarflar:
Mainly
Chiefly
Specifically
Predominantly
Virglden
Primarily
sonra THAT
Especially
gelmez
Principally
Mostly
Kural 144:

Teaching

Zaman uyumuna
dikkat et!!!!

Anlam btnln
sorularnda tense
deiiklii varsa
zaman zarfna
bak (now/recent)

fden sonra will

gelmezzzzzz.