Useful Formulas For Strurctural Engineers PDF

Connections Workbook Formulas
2010 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings

th
Manual of Steel Construction 14 Edition
07 Nov 2013
AISC
Spec or Manual
Section
Connections
Formula
Number
Single angles and plates
ka = 1
Double angles
ka = 2
Connection material length
Lp
n
Number of Bolts in a single line

Distance from weld line to first
bolt column
Vertical bolt spacing
Bolts
J3.6
rv = Fn Ab
Single bolt shear
Ab =
d b2
B-1
d b = nominal bolt diameter

Bolt Shear
Manual
7-30
= 0.75, = 2.00
Bolt shear w/o eccentricity
Rn = nrv
B-2
Bolt shear w/ eccentricity
Rn = Crv
B-3
Bolt shear coefficient C from Manual Table 7-6 thru 7-13

Eccentricity
eb = a for tee connections
Bearing strength at bolt holes

J3.10
w/o eccentricity on bolts
Rn = ka (Edge + ( n 1) Bearing )
= 0.75, = 2.00
( (
Bearing = Min S1 s 1.0 d b + 1
16
Edge = Min(S1 Lev 0.5 d b + 1
16
B-4a
) ) ,S d ) F t
b
) ) ,S d ) F t
2
When deformations at bolt holes are design consideration,
S1 = 1.2 & S2 = 2.4

When deformations at bolt holes are not a design consideration,
S1 = 1.5 & S2 = 3.0 , used at SPSC

At long slotted holes,
S1 = 1.0 & S2 = 2.0
Page 1

th
07 Nov 2013
AISC
Spec or Manual
Section
J3.10
Connections
Formula
Number
w eccentricity on bolts
Rn = kaC * min(Edge, Bearing )
= 0.75, = 2.00
B-4b
Welds
Welds (FEXX = 70 ksi)
J2.4.
Direct shear (no eccentricity)
Rn = 0.6FEXX
2 D
L = 1.856DL
2 16
= 0.75, = 2.00
= 1.392DL
Rn
Rn
= 0.928DL
LRFD
W-1a
ASD
W-1b
Base Metal Effective Weld Sizes:

Shear Rupture
D
w 0.60FEXX
= BM 0.60Fu t
16 2
F
Deff = 22.6 u
FEXX
For welds on one side
When support
For weld on both sides
When support
( Deff )max =
Fu t
3.09
t=
3.09D
for welds on one side of support
Fu
t<
Fu t
3.09 D
, then reduce weld capacity by
Fu
3.09 D
( Deff )max =
Fu t
6.19
t=
6.19 D
for welds on both sides of support
Fu
t<
Fu t
6.19 D
, then reduce weld capacity by
Fu
6.19 D
W-2
W-3
Shear with eccentricity by ultimate analysis

Manual
Rn = CDL
W-4
Page 2

th
AISC
Spec or Manual
Section
Page 8-9
07 Nov 2013
Connections
Formula
Number
C from AISC Table
for single angle
ew = a + eb
C from AISC Table
Shear with eccentricity by vector analysis
Rn = 0.6FEXX
Double angle clips
Rn =
2 D
( 2L )
2 16
1+
3.712DL
12.96L2c
L2
= 0.75, = 2.00
12.96L2c
1+
L2
W-5
Where Lc = width of column leg of angle

(From Salmon and Johnson)
Rn = 0.6FEXX
Unstiffened seat angle
Rn =
2 D
( 2L )
2 16
1+
3.712DL
20.25ew2
L2
= 0.75, = 2.00
20.25ew2
1+
L2
W-6
Where L = width of column leg of angle

ew = eccentricity from column face to shear resultant
Rn = 0.6FEXX
Stiffened seat
Rn =
2 D
2.4L2
2 16
4.454DL
10.2W 2
1+
L2
16e 2 + L2
= 0.75, = 2.00
W-7
Where L = width of column leg of angle

e = 0.8W and
each horizontal leg length = 0.2L
Page 3

th
07 Nov 2013
AISC
Spec or Manual
Section
Connections
Formula
Number
Connection Material
J4.2(a)
Shear yield strength
Rn = ka (0.6Fy )Lpt
= 1.00, = 1.50
CM-1
J4.2(b)
Shear rupture strength
Rn = ka (0.6Fu )(Lp n(d b + 1 )) t

8
= 0.75, = 2.00
CM-2
= 0.90, = 1.67
CM-3
= 0.75, = 2.00
CM-4
F11
J4.3
Tee Stem Flexural Yielding
Rn = Fy
Tee Stem Flexural rupture
Rn =
tLp 2
4a
Fu Znet
1.6Fy
tLp 2
6a
Block shear strength

Block shear length
L = s(n 1) + Lev
Gross shear area
Agv = tL
Net shear area
Anv = t (L (n 0.5)d h )
Net tension area
Ant = t (Leh 0.5d h )
CM-5
Divide by t gives
(Vertical length of shear plane)
CM-5a
Ls = L (n 0.5)(d b + 1 )
8
CM-5b
Lt = Leh 0.5(d b + 1 ) (Less 0.25 at beam ends)

8
CM-5c
Rn = kat ( 0.6FU Ls + Ubs Fu Lt )

Where:
= 0.75, = 2.00
CM-5d
0.6Fu Ls 0.6Fy L and
Ubs = 1.0 for all except for double row connections

Unstiffed Angle Seat Flexural Yielding
Rn = Fy
e=
lb
Lta 2
(0.6Fy )Lta
4e
= 0.90, = 1.67
CM-6
+ Setback 1 t a r
4
where lb is largest required bearing length from Equations 8b, 8c, 8d

and 8e (cannot exceed width of angle leg minus -in.)
3
r = angle fillet radius taken as /8-in.

ta = angle thickness
J10.2
Local web yielding
Rn = (2.5k + l b )Fyw tw
Page 4

th
07 Nov 2013
AISC
Spec or Manual
Section
Connections
Formula
Number
lb = Bearing Length
Solving for lb gives
lb =
Rn 2.5kFyw tw
Fyw tw
R1 = 2.5kFyw tw
R2 = l bFyw tw
l b,min =
Where lb=1
R (, )R1
(, )R2
= 1.00, = 1.50
l b,min = k
Web crippling when
CM-5
CM-6
l b d 0.2
1.5
l b tw EFyw tf
Rn = 0.40t 1 + 3
tw
d tf
2
w
J10.3(b)(i)
EFyw tf
Rn 0.40tw2
lb =
tw
1.5
3 t
0.40tw2 w
d tf
R3 = 0.40tw2
tw
EFyw tf
tw
1.5
3 t
R4 = 0.40t w
d tf
2
w
l b,min =
Web crippling when
J10.3(b)(ii)
EFyw tf
R ( , ) R3
( , ) R4
EFyw tf
tw
= 0.75, = 2.00
CM-7
l b d > 0.2
1.5
4l
tw EFyw tf
b
Rn = 0.40t 1 +
0.2
tw
d
tf
2
w
Page 5

th
07 Nov 2013
AISC
Spec or Manual
Section
Connections
Formula
Number
EFyw tf
Rn 0.40tw2
tw
d
lb =
+ 0.2
1.5
4
EFyw tf
0.40t 2 tw
t
t
f
w
1.5
tw EFyw tf
R5 = 0.40t 1 0.2
tw
tf
2
w
1.5
4 t
R6 = 0.40t w
d tf
2
w
l b,min =
EFyw tf
R ( , ) R5
( , ) R6
tw
= 0.75, = 2.00
CM-8
= 0.90, = 1.67
CM-9
Stiffened Seated Connections:

HSS Wall Yield Line
Rn = k
Where
t 2Fy L
4e
B = HSS Connection face width

e = 0.8W
k = f [ gh + m + n ]
2
2B 0.4L ts
f =
B 7
g = 1+
4L
h=
m=
( B 0.4L ts )( 7B + 0.4L + ts )
B ( B 0.4L t s )
4L
n = 2L + B 7
st
(Abolitz and Warner, AISC Engineering Journal, 1 Qtr 1965)

Column Web Yield Line
Rn = k
Where
t 2Fy L
4e
= 0.90, = 1.67
CM-10
T = Clear distance between web fillets

e = 0.8W
Page 6

th
AISC
Spec or Manual
Section
07 Nov 2013
Connections
Formula
Number
k = A [CD + E + G ]
A=
2
2T 0.4L ts
T 3
C = 2 +
2L
(T 0.4L ts )( 3T + 0.4L + ts )
D=
E=
T (T 0.4L ts )
2L
G = 4L + 2T 3
th
(Ellifritt and Sputo, AISC Engineering Journal, 4 Qtr 1999)
Main Material
Beam Web
J4.2(a)
Shear yield strength
Rn = 0.6Fy Lpt
J4.2(b)
Shear rupture strength
Rn = 0.6Fu (L n(d b + 1 )) t = 0.75, = 2.00

8
= 1.00, = 1.50
MM-1
MM-2
Flange Stiffening
J10.1
Flange local bending
Rn = 6.25Fyf t 2f
= 0.90, = 1.67
Pfb = 6.25Fyf t 2f
MM-3
Web Stiffening
J10.2(b)
Local web yielding
Rn = (2.5k + l b )Fyw tw
= 1.00, = 1.50
Where lb = Bearing Length
R1 = 2.5kFyw tw
R2 = Fyw tw
Load applied:
d from end
(, ) Rn = (, ) R1 + l b (, ) R2
MM-4
> d from end
(, ) Rn = 2(, ) R1 + l b (, ) R2
MM-5
Page 7

th
07 Nov 2013
AISC
Spec or Manual
Section
J10.3(b)(i)
Web local crippling when
Connections
Formula
Number
l b d 0.2
= 0.75, = 2.00
1.5
N tw EFyw t f
Rn = 0.40t 1 + 3
tw
d tf
2
w
EFyw tf
R3 = 0.40tw2
tw
1.5
3 t
R4 = 0.40t w
d tf
2
w
EFyw tf
tw
(, ) Rn = (, ) R3 + l b (, ) R4
J10.3(b)(ii)
Web local crippling when
l b d > 0.2
MM-6
= 0.75, = 2.00
1.5
4N
tw EFyw tf
Rn = 0.40t 1 +
0.2
tw
tf
d
2
w

1.5
tw EFyw tf
R5 = 0.40t 1 0.2
tw
tf
2
w
1.5
4 t
R6 = 0.40t w
d tf
2
w
EFyw tf
tw
(, ) Rn = (, ) R5 + l b (, ) R6
J10.3(a)
Web local crippling when load applied > d
from end
MM-7
= 0.75, = 2.00
1.5
N tw EFyw t f
Rn = 0.40t 1 + 3
tw
d tf
2
w
(, ) Rn = 2 [(, ) R3 + l b (, ) R4 ]
MM-8
Web Compression buckling

J.10.8
Rn =
Pwb =
24tw3 EFyw
h
24tw3 EFyw
h
= 0.90, = 1.67
= 0.90, = 1.67
MM-9
Page 8

th
07 Nov 2013
AISC
Spec or Manual
Section
Coped Beam Strength
Connections
Formula
Number
M = Rn e = Fcr Snet
Coped Section
Rn =
Where
Fcr Snet
e
Snet =
Itr
= 0.90, = 1.67
Ncomp
MM-10
for single coped beams and
bd 2
for double coped beams
6
e = a Leh + c + 0.25
Top flange coped only
2
2 E tw
Fcr =
fk Fy
12 (1 2 ) ho
2
t
Fcr = 26210 w fK
ho
f =
MM-10a
2c
c
when
1.0
d
d
f = 1+
c
c
when
> 1.0
d
d
1.65
h
k = 2.2 o
c
when
c
1.0
ho
c
h
k = 2.2 o when
> 1.0
ho
c
c = cope length
dc = cope depth
ho = d dc
Both Flanges coped same lengthand c 2d, dc < 0.2d
t2
Fcr = 0.62 E w fd Fy
cho
t2
Fcr = 56485 w fd
cho
MM-10b
Page 9

th
AISC
Spec or Manual
Section
07 Nov 2013
Connections
Formula
Number
d
fd = 3.5 7.5 c
d
All other cope conditions
Fcr = Fy Q
MM-10c
Q = 1 for 0.7
Q = 1.34 0.486 for 0.7< 1.41
Q = 1.30
for
> 1.41
ho Fy
h
10t 475 + 280 o
c
At cope conditions where tension flange is longer than compression flange

Snet = net elastic section modulus at end of tension flange
Ductility
Local buckling
tmin =
Lp
Fy
234
D-1
2
bm / a )
(
6
K = 2 (1 ) +
Where:
b = Lp 2
m =1
= 0.3 , Poisson ratio
Tee Stem Ductility

Min. weld size at support
w min 0.0155
Fyc t f2 b 2
5
2 + 2 ts
b L
8
D-2
Where tf = tee flange thickness

b = (bf-k1)/2 of tee
ts = tee stem thickness
Max. Tee stem thickness
ts =
db 1
+
2 16
D-3
Page 10

th
AISC
Spec or Manual
Section
07 Nov 2013
Connections
Formula
Number
Single-Plate
HSS Column Checks
Fy 52 ksi
K1.2
Fy
Fu
K1.5
0.8
HSS wall cannot be slender
b 1.40 E
t
Fy
HSS Punching Shear
Fypt p = Fu ( HSS ) tHSS

tp
Fu ( HSS )
Fyp
tHSS
SP-1
Eccentricity & Rotational Ductility

n
Hole
Type
eb
Max tw or tp
a
2
a
2
db 1
+
2 16
SSLT
a
2
db 1
+
2 16
STD
db 1
+
2 16
SSLT
2-5
STD
6-12
None
SP-2
w = 5 tp
8
Weld
SP-3
Extended Single-Plate
Maximum plate thickness
Exceptions:
tmax =
6Mmax
Fy L2p
Where
Mmax =
ESP-1
Fv
0.90
AbC '
a. For single bolt column, ignore if
Page 11

th
07 Nov 2013
AISC
Spec or Manual
Section
Connections
Formula
Number
either
t p or tw
db 1
+
and both Leh 2d b
2 16
b. For double bolt column, ignore if

both
Shear & flexure interaction
Fy Lpt p
Rn =
a
2.25 + 16
L
p
(Flexural Yielding)
Plate buckling
Rn =
db 1
+
and both Leh 2d b
2 16
t p or tw
Fcr Snet
a
= 0.90, = 1.67
ESP-2
= 0.90, = 1.67
ESP-3
Fcr = Fy Q
Q = 1 for 0.7
Q = 1.34 0.486 for 0.7< 1.41
Q = 1.30
10t p
Stabilizer Plate Requirements
> 1.41
Lp Fy
Weld
for
L
475 + 280 p
a
w = 5 tp
8
If applied load
ESP-4
1500Lpt p3
a2
= 0.90, = 1.67
ESP-5
No stabilizer plates required

Connection Torsion Strength
Not applicable if metal deck supports top flange
t +t
MT = R w p
2
R Lpt p 2R ( tw + t p ) bf
MT ( v , v ) 0.6Fyp
+
Lpt p 2
( b , b ) FybLs tw2
Where
ESP-6
Ls = Beam span in inches
Page 12

th
AISC
Spec or Manual
Section
07 Nov 2013
Connections
Formula
Number
Limit States of Shear Yielding, Shear buckling & Flexural Yielding

2
Vr
Mr
+
1
(, )Vn (, )Mn
ESP-7
Page 13

Useful Formulas For Strurctural Engineers PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Useful Formulas For Strurctural Engineers PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Connections Workbook Formulas

2010 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings

Single angles and plates

Connection material length

Number of Bolts in a single line

Vertical bolt spacing

Single bolt shear

d b = nominal bolt diameter

Bolt shear w/ eccentricity

Bolt shear coefficient C from Manual Table 7-6 thru 7-13

eb = a for tee connections

Bearing strength at bolt holes

w/o eccentricity on bolts

Bearing = Min S1 s 1.0 d b + 1

Edge = Min(S1 Lev 0.5 d b + 1

When deformations at bolt holes are design consideration,

S1 = 1.2 & S2 = 2.4

S1 = 1.5 & S2 = 3.0 , used at SPSC

S1 = 1.0 & S2 = 2.0

Connections Workbook Formulas

Rn = kaC * min(Edge, Bearing )

Direct shear (no eccentricity)

Base Metal Effective Weld Sizes:

For weld on both sides

Shear with eccentricity by ultimate analysis

Connections Workbook Formulas

for single angle

Where Lc = width of column leg of angle

Where L = width of column leg of angle

Where L = width of column leg of angle

Connections Workbook Formulas

Shear yield strength

Shear rupture strength

Rn = ka (0.6Fu )(Lp n(d b + 1 )) t

Tee Stem Flexural Yielding

Tee Stem Flexural rupture

Block shear strength

Gross shear area

Net shear area

Net tension area

Ant = t (Leh 0.5d h )

(Vertical length of shear plane)

Lt = Leh 0.5(d b + 1 ) (Less 0.25 at beam ends)

Rn = kat ( 0.6FU Ls + Ubs Fu Lt )

0.6Fu Ls 0.6Fy L and

Ubs = 1.0 for all except for double row connections

where lb is largest required bearing length from Equations 8b, 8c, 8d

r = angle fillet radius taken as /8-in.

Local web yielding

Connections Workbook Formulas

Solving for lb gives

Solving for lb gives

Connections Workbook Formulas

Stiffened Seated Connections:

B = HSS Connection face width

(Abolitz and Warner, AISC Engineering Journal, 1 Qtr 1965)

T = Clear distance between web fillets

Connections Workbook Formulas

(Ellifritt and Sputo, AISC Engineering Journal, 4 Qtr 1999)

Shear yield strength

Shear rupture strength

Rn = 0.6Fu (L n(d b + 1 )) t = 0.75, = 2.00

Flange local bending