Physical and Chemical

Properties and Changes

Pgs. 44-55

Physical Property
A characteristic of a substance that does not involve a
chemical change
Can be observed or measured without changing the
matters identity

Physical Properties
Examples

Thermal conductivity
State
Density
Solubility
Ductility
Malleability
Color
Magnetism
Odor

Chemical Property
A property of matter that describes a substances ability
to participate in chemical reactions
Describes matter based on its ability to change into new
matter that has different properties

Chemical Properties
Examples:

Reactivity
Flammability
Toxicity
pH

Changes in Matter
Physical Changes:
A change of matter from one form to another without a change in
chemical properties
Chemical Changes:
A change that occurs when one or more substances change into
entirely new substances with different properties

Evidence for a Chemical Change

1. Change in color or odor
2. Solid Formation
3. Change of temperature
1. Exothermic heat is given off during a reaction
2. Endothermic heat is taken in during a reaction

4. Fizzing and foaming (gas formation)

5. Sound or light being given off (energy change)

Examples of Physical Changes

Change in state
Melting
Boiling/Evaporating
Freezing

Change in size or shape

Dissolving

Examples of Chemical Changes

Baking a cake
Rusting
Milk souring
Burning wood
Digesting food
Leaves changing color in the fall
Mixing acids and bases
Example: baking soda and vinegar to form carbon dioxide

Law of Conservation of Mass

This law states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical
and physical changes.
During a chemical change, the total mass of the materials formed is the same
as the total mass of the starting materials. The total mass before the chemical
change is always the same as the total mass after the change.
The total mass of reactants will always equal the total mass of products.
Demo: Alka-Seltzer and Water