.

, 2013

UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE
FACULTY OF LAW

Nina V. Krljanin

SERBIAN MEDIEVAL CHARTERS AS

THE SOURCE OF DUAN'S CODE
Doctoral Dissertation

Belgrade, 2013


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Serbian medieval charters as the source of Duan's Code

Summary

The thesis analyses Serbian medieval charters as the potential sources of the
Code of the Emperor Stefan Duan. Although the question of the sources of this
significant legal monument has already attracted the attention of numerous prominent
lawyers and historians, the author argues that the subject of Serbian charters as its
sources still has not been covered to a satisfactory degree.
The introduction supplies an overview of the primary existing literature on this
subject (both the works directly focused on the sources of Duan's Code, as well as the
ones dealing with charters or certain areas and institutions of medieval Serbian law),
delivers the primary arguments for the selection of the subject and explains the
systematics of its presentation; finally, it contains the selection of the source material
used during the research.
In the first part of the thesis the author considers the concept and the nature of
charters as legislative acts, as well as their relation to Duan's Code. This research
(albeit important for Serbian legal history on its own) can be considered a preliminary
issue for the main subject of the thesis. The author compares the types and properties of
Serbian charters and their Rhomean (Byzantine) models and offers a working definition
of charters as normative acts based on that comparison. Further the author gives a
review of the most relevant notions of the Serbian medieval concept of zakon (in its
sense as law in general) and the principle of legality in medieval Serbian law, of the
nature of the Code compared to the charters and its position within Duan's tripartite
codification. Finally, the author explains the relation of the Code and the charters,
relevant both to their parallel existence as sources of law in the time when Duan's code
was enacted, but also to the further practice of passing charters.
The second, main, part of the thesis contains an analysis of the legal contents of
the charters of Serbian rulers that predate Duan's code and the Code's own articles,
with an attempt to determine the possible influence of the charters on the Code, i.e. the
reception of institutions regulated in the charters by Duan's legislators. This matter is
roughly categorised according to the areas of law that certain institutions could be

deemed to fall into, although withstanding that such a division is primarily made in
accordance with modern theoretical concepts, and not the layout in the source materials.
The first and largest area pertains to the right of batina property and class
relations. Within it the author analyses the status, rights and duties of each of the three
extant classes in medieval Serbia (churches and monasteries, vlastela nobility, and
sebri commoners), relating both to their personal status and their position as batinici
owners of property. Finally, the author analyses several interconnected meanings of
the concept of batina itself.
The next area in which the reception of institutions from the charters is extant is
penal law. Although a relatively small number of concrete offenses form the charters
has been included into Duan's Code, it is evident that the Code has kept various
broader institutions, from certain kinds of punishments, to the principles of penal law
such as differing punishments depending on the status of the perpetrator and the victim,
or the responsibility of collectives.
Another group of rules where charters are noticed to have been the source for the
creators of the Code are the ones regulating the status of foreign merchants in Serbia,
which owe most of their contents to the Serbian charters to Dubrovnik (Ragusa).
Finally, the author analyses the reception of rules from the charters in the area of
judicial proceedings, both regarding the jurisdiction of different kinds of courts and
regarding various procedural institutions indigenous to Serbian law.
The conclusion contains a summary of the results of the research and an analysis
of their significance. The author provides a layout of the reception of rules from the
charters both by the analised areas of law and by the time when the charters were
written, and provides an explanation for the discovered layout of the material.
Keywords: Duan's code. Medieval charters. Customary law. Batina
(property). The position of the Church. Vlastela (nobility). Sebri (commoners.)
Vrada. Globe (fines). Porota (jury).
Scientific area: law.
Specific scientific area: legal history.
UDC number:


.................................................................................................................................. 11
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, . Marko Kostreni, Hrvatska pravna
povijest. Zakonik cara Stefana Duana: predavanja, Zagreb 1923, 308-309.
15
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16
Ibid., 21.
17
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22
ibid., 40-52, ( ) 40-41 47-49.
1336. 1347 ( Franz Miklosich
(.), Monumenta Serbica: spectantia historiam Serbiae, Bosnae, Ragusii, Vienna 1858, 120-124),
20. 1349. ( (.),
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29
Ibid., XLVIII.
30
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31
Constantin Jireek, "Das Gesetzbuch des serbischen Caren Stephan Duan", Archiv fr slavische
Philologie, XXII/1900, 163-170.

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79
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89
ibid., 205-210.
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V, 1978, 81-88. "
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93
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1994.

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95
Svetislav Djoritch, "Die strafrechtlische Gesamthaftung im slavischen Rechte", Zeitschrift fr
vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft 23/1910, 261-275.
96
, " ", 650
, 2000, 143-151.
97
, , 2001. ,
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98
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legal history has its peculiar charm, because in it the lines between legal and general history become
blurred. One of the reasons is that a large part of medieval sources consists of legal documents. The legal
and the general historian do not approach this material with exactly the same aim; nevertheless, the
problems they have to solve and the lessons they learn are often the same. In the end, as I believe, the
desire to know and to understand, without ulterior motives, is what drives the most worthwhile scholarly
work." Ferdinand Feldbrugge, Law in Medieval Russia, Leiden-Boston 2009, XI.

27


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129
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"Als Urkunde bezeichnen wir jede schriftliche uerung juristischen Inhalts." Franz Dlger, Johannes
Karayannopulos, Byzantinische Urkundenlehre: Erster Abschnitt Die Kaiserurkunden, Mnchen 1968,
3. ,
, ,
, , .
131
,
"Urkunden in eigentlichen Sinn des Wortes, d. h. schriftliche Beweisstcke in kanzleimiger
Form mit Inhalt rechtlicher Natur". Ibid., 23. Theodor Sickel, Lehre von den Urkunden der
ersten Karolinger (751-840), Wien 1867, 1-3.
132
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134

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141
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142
Ibid., 115.
137

42

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143

Ibid., 117-118.
Franz Dlger, "Der Kodikellos des Christodulos in Palermo: Ein bisher unerkannter Typus der
byzantinischen Kaiserurkunde" Byzantinische Diplomatik: 20 Aufstze zum Urkundenwesen der
Byzantiner, Speyer am Rhein 1956, 1.
145
Ibid., 33-50.
146
F. Dlger 1956, 34.
147
Ibid., 34-39.
148
, ,
. Franz Dlger, Facsimiles
byzantinischer Kaiserurkunden, Mnchen 1931, 3-6.
144

43

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149

F. Dlger 1956, 39-40.

Ibid., 40-43.
151
Ibid., 39.
152
"So stellt das Chrysobull als Ganzes eine feierliche, eindrucksvolle und dekorative Form des
Pri vi le g s dar. Doch ist es nicht ausschlielich Privileg geblieben, es hat auch Gesetze in seine Form
aufgenommen und hat insbesondere lange als Form des Staatsvertrags gedient." Ibid., 43.
153
,
,
. , : ,
" ",
, III/1970, 360 .
154
F. Dlger 1956, 44.
150

44

) 155,
,
.
,
.156
,
IX X
,
, ,
.157
,

158 , .159
,
.160
, ,
, ,
, ,
.161

. , ,
, (
) .

155

Ibid., 44-45.
Ibid., 45-46.
157
Ibid., 46-47. ,
. ,

; ,
. Ibid., 47-48.
158
. F. Dlger, J. Karayannopulos, 82.
159
,
. Ibid., 85.
,
, .
Ibid., 82-87.
160
F. Dlger 1956, 48.
161
Ibid., 49-50.
156

45

 ,
, ,
, . ,
(Urkunden) : (
, ), (
, ), ,
, , ,
,
.162
, ,
. (),
, (), ( )
; ,
. 163

.
,
, (
, ), ,
.164

,
, .165
,
166,

162

F. Dlger, J. Karayannopulos, 23.

Ibid., 23-24. , ,
, , ,
, .
164
Ibid., 24-25.
165
Ibid., 24.
166
. ,
.
163

46

 ,
.167
,
, XI
.168 ,
( ,
) . ,
, ,
( )
.169 ,
(,
)
,

. , , II,
III

.170

, .
, , (
), ,
. 171 (procuratoria,
)
,
,
.172 , ,
167

Ibid., 25. VI Gilbert Dagron, "Lawful

Society and Legitimate Power: , " Angeliki E. Laiou and Dieter Simon
(ed.), Law and Society in Byzantium: Ninth-Twelfth Centuries, Dumbarton Oaks 1994, 46-51.
168
F. Dlger, J. Karayannopulos, 76.
169
F. Dlger, J. Karayannopulos, 71.
170
F. Dlger, J. Karayannopulos, 81.
171
F. Dlger, J. Karayannopulos, 89-94.
172
Ibid., 105-106.

47

 , .
,

,
.173

,
.174

, .
, . 175
, ,
.176

.177
, ,
.178
, (
, , ,
) ,
, :
( ),
.179
,
,

173

, 992. XIII . Ibid.,

95-96. , " ",
: , 1970, 271-273
Donald M. Nicol, Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, Cambridge
1992, 50-83, 60-64 77-78.
174
F. Dlger, J. Karayannopulos, 100.
175
Ibid., 109.
176
Ibid.
177
Ibid., 112-113.
178
Ibid., 113.
179
Ibid., 117.

48

 ,
.180
XII
,
.181
, ,
,
.182
, ,
(.
),
.183
, ,
, , .
,

(Andreas E. Mller) .184
(,
, " "), (
" ") , ,
.185 , ,
186;
, .
,

180

Ibid., 117-122.
Ibid.,125-126.
182
Ibid., 127-128.
183
Alexander Beihammer, "Byzantine Diplomatics",
http://www.propylaeum.de/fileadmin/upload/Beihammer.pdf, 1-2.
184
Andreas E. Mller , "Documents: Imperial Chrysobulls" Elizabeth Jeffreys, John Haldon and Robin
Cormack (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies, Oxford 2009, 129-135.
185
Ibid., 129-130.
186
Ibid., 130-134. Franz Dlger, Aus den Schatzkammern des Heiligen Berges: 115 Urkunden
und 50 Urkundensiegel aus 10 Jahrhunderten, Mnchen 1948, 19-21.
181

49

 187,
. " (
)
,
.
, -
''. ( )," .188

.

, .
.
,
,
. :
. 189 ,
,
,

.
, "
", . " "
" ", , ?
, , ,
,
.
-
, ,
187

, . .
. , LXVIII-LXIX.
188
Ibid., LXIX. , ,
; Ljubomir
Maksimovi, "Das Kanzleiwesen der serbischen Herrscher" Christian Hannick (publ.), Kanzleiwesen
und Kanzleisprachen im stlichen Europa, Kln-Weimar-Wien 1999, 34-35.
189
, .

50

 ,
,
.

() , () ,

, ? ,
,
, , ,
?
. , ,
,

190, ,
" ,

,
, ."191

.

, .192

193,
,
, .194

190

,
.
191
. 1872, 8.
192
, i H . .
i , .- 1882, 266-273.
193
. 1888, 150-164.
194
Ibid., 151-152.

51


" '' ",

.195
,
,
, .
. , ,
,

"

."196 ,

,
, . 197
, ,
,
, .
, ,
(,
) ,
, ,
.
,
,

. , ,
195

. . 1980, 4.
, "
", , I, 3/1930, 171.

( ) ,
, , ,
.
Ibid., 171-176.
197
Ibid., 176.
196

52

 .198 ,

,
, ,
"
, ,
,
",
"", "", "",
"."199 ,
.
, .200
,
(, , )

198

,

. ,

.
,
, ,
.

,
. ,
,
. , ,
,
, . ,

(,
,
),

.
. , ,
,
, .
199
. . 1930, 177.
200
" : , ,
.
, ." , "
", , 3/2011, 57.

, .

53

 201,
.202 (
1349. )
,
,
.203
-
, . :
(
XIII ),
; ,
"
, , , ,
"204, ( ) ,
, , , ,
,
.205 , ,
, ,
,
.206
, ,

201

. 2001, 59-63.
Ibid., 63-65.
203
Ibid., 64-65.
204
Ibid., 31. XII XIII
. Lj.Maksimovi 1999, 36.
205
. - 1997, 30-38. (),
,
. Georgios Christos Soulis, The
Serbs and Byzantium during the reign of Tsar Stephen Dusan (1331-1355) and his successors,
Washington D. C. 1984, 65-68.
Lj.Maksimovi 1999, 37-50.
206
. . 2012, 316-326.
202

54

 , 207,
. , ,
,

. ,
(,
) ,

,
.208
, , ( ), ,

.
,

, -
. , ,
(,
) 209

, .
: "
;
,
.
207

,
,
.
208
,
, , ,

,
.
209
, , . Lj.Maksimovi 1999, 3435.

55

 ,
."210
,

. , , (.
),
,
, . 211
,
.212 ,

213,
I
.214
" ,
- ,
", " ,
,
( ) ."215
,
210

. - 1997, 31.
ibid., 34-35.
211
Ibid., 35-36. , (
), 1986, 98 , ,
( , ), 1997, 10 .
, . . 2011, 166. ,
:
" , ,
..." II,
(. ), 1866, 79-80. ( II,
, 1935, 61.) , ; .
, . , . , 421. , ,
,
;
. Lj.Maksimovi 1999, 34-35 4748.
212
. - 1997, 41.
213
Ibid., 37-38. ,
, .
214
Ibid., 36-40.
215
Ibid., 40-41.

56

"

",

.216
, ,
,
.
,

, . ,
,
.217
,

. , ,
.

1346. 1355. , ,
, "
."218
, ( )
.219 , ,
216

Ibid., 41.
, : "
I: ", , 90/1912, 104-111, "
I: ", , 96/1920, 71-74, "
III: ", , 106/1923, 33-49, "
VI: ", , 132/1928, 21-26, " VII:
", , 132/1928, 29-57; , "
",
7/1961, 164-166, , " ",
, XVIII, 1971, 53-86, . , . , 17-26, Lj.Maksimovi 1999,
37-42 49-50, , " ",
, 44/2007, 395-396.
217
. 1934, 20.
218
. 1912, 432.
219
:
, 1345. ;

57

 ,
" " ,
. 40.
,
: "
, , ..."220
,
,

.
. 9.
1387. : "... ,
,
..."221 , 2.
1405. , : "...
,
,
, ..."222
, ,

1345. ; ,
1345. ; , , ;
1346. ;
; 1346. ,
14; 1346. ;
- 1346. ;
;
1347. , 1; 1348. ;
1352, 5;
, 1352-1353. . . . , .
, 4-5, 8-11 16-17, 20-21, 24-27, 44-45, 58-59, 74-75, 78-79, 86-87, 96-97 100-101, 118-121,
140-141, 150-151, 176-177, 192-193; . 1912, 742, 492, 304, 728, 741, 743.
220
. 1898, 36.
221
. 1912, 200.
222
. 1912, 218. , , ,
,
.

58

,
.
, , ,

.223

.
, , , '' ,

.
, (
),
. . ,
,
'' , ( , ),
. ,

, ,
, ,
, .
, , 224

,
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,
,
, , ,
. ,

223

, ,
. Lj.Maksimovi 1999, 48.
224
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() , . 1934, 18-26 ,
:
, 2009, 36-45.

59


, , ,
. ,
,
: ,
,
.225
, , .
( )
. ,
.
- ,
, , .

;
.
,
.
. , (
226)

. : ,

.
, ,
, ,
.
, ( ),

225

Dimitry Obolensky, The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500-1453, New York
1971, 278-279 291-294. , ,
; Lj.Maksimovi 1999, 53.
226
. . 1996.

60

 .227 ,
228,
,
,
. , , ,
.

, ,
,
, -
, ,
,
.
,
,
: ,

,

. 229

. " (
) , '' ,

," .230
, ,
" ,
", .231

227

.
. 2001, 59-79.
229
,
, .
230
. . 1980, 5.
231
Ibid.
228

61

 :

.

, ,
,
, ,
, , , .232 ,
,
,

.

,

. ,
, ,
(
, ),
.233 ,
,
.
,
?
,
.
, ,
232

,
. (
.) (Godfrey) : "It was the primary constituent of the legal order and of
governance more generally. The impersonal concept of the state could not yet provide the authority in
terms of which such a legal and governmental order could be rationalized and explained. It was
jurisdiction itself which provided the basic measure of authority." Andrew Mark Godfrey, Civil Justice in
Renaissance Scotland: The Origins of a Central Court, Leiden-Boston 2009, 1.
233
Ibid., 4-5; . 2001, 67-72.

62

 ,
.
( ,
, 234),
.235

,
, .


.
,
:
,
, ,
,

,
.
.
, ,
,
( , , ,
...) .236

234

, " VII: ",

, 96/1920, 1-38 , " I: ",
, 156/1933, 63.
235

; , de facto ,
, ,
. , , , .
, .
236
, "
VIII: ", , 156/1933, 41-59, 43-48 56-58, , "
: ", , 157/1933, 153-219, ,

63

 a (
), ,
( )
. , ,
.
,
,
, ()
.
,
, .
,
.

,
. , ,


,
,
.237
,

. ,
,
( , ),
( ),

.

, 1971, 115-125 en passant, Lj.Maksimovi 1999, 25-54,

, "" . . , 277-278.
237
.

64




. (Fgen)
: "Bezeichnet man nur das als Gesetz, was heute als solches verstanden wird, so
wird man aus Studien zum Mittelalter keine andere Erkenntnis ziehen, als da es kein
Gesetz gab."238


, ,
, .239
. ,
, ,

,
.240 , , ,
, (
)241,

,
,
.
238

Marie Theres Fgen, "Gesetz und Gesetzgebung in Byzanz. Versuch einer Funktionsanalyse", Ius
Commune XIV/1987, 138. Katja krubej, "Ritus gentis" Slovanov v vzhodnih Alpah: Model
rekonstrukcije pravnih razmerij na podlagi najstarejega jezikovnega gradiva, Ljubljana 2002, 47-49.
239
, .
John Haldon, "Primary sources" y E. Jeffreys, J. Haldon and R. Cormack, 27. "With the exception of the
Ecloga of Leo III and Constantine V, issued in 741, and two novellae of the empress Eirene of the 790s,
there is virtually no surviving imperial legislation between the last years of Herakleios and the middle of
the reign of Basil I. It is, however, not the case that emperors in this period issued no legislative
documents and promulgated no laws, rather that the forms they employed were different, more regionally
determined and ephemeralimperial 'orders' or prostagmata rather than novellae, documents which had
a specific and limited purpose. Furthermore, the hiatus reflects also an approach to law and law-making
according to which there was little or no need to introduce new legislation, merely to make sure that
society adhered to the inherited legislation of great emperors and law-makers such as Justinian I,"
. (Stolte) "tends to repeat rather than reform".
Bernard Stolte, "Justice: Legal Literature" y ibid., 691.
240
. 1872, 10-11 63-64.
241
. 1996, 295-296.

65

 242, ,
,
.

( )
. "
, ,
, ,
,
.
,
, ."243
,
,
" ",
,
.244
, ,
. , : "
.
, , ,
.
" " (. , -2, 3, 4).
!"245

242

, . .
1925, 17. , ,
. . 1888, 287-288. , , "
."
, "' ' ",
, XVI/1928, 346. 101.

; ,
. Ibid., 346-347 .
243
. 1872, 5-6.
244
. 1888, 26.
245
, " ",
, XXXVII/1928, 122.

66

 246 ,
,
, ,
,
.247
(
)
.

. "

, , .
,
.
..." . 248
,
,
.
, ,
. ,
, "
,
, , ,
( ),
."249

246

Ibid., 121-122.

,
("") " :
'', ."
, " ()
1200-1202.", , , , V, 1-2/1925,
1926, 13.
248
. 2006, 9.
249
. 1996, 172. ; , ,
, , , ,
247

67

 "
",
.250
(
" "),
" ,
."251
,

XII
.252 ,

.
: "
(regula iuris) , ."253
,

( ) ,
, , ,
,

, " ". "

, ..."
, , : (11591367), 1888, 564-565. ,
.
250
. . 1975, 29.
251
Ibid., 30.
252
. 1994, 43.
Hermenegild Jireek, Prove: historicky slovar slovanskeho prava, Praha 1904, 420-422, K. krubej, 108126 , " '' ", C
" : ", -- 2013,

http://www.ling-expert.ru/conference/langlaw3/sichinava_ng.html
(20.11.2013.)
253
, ", lex, : , , ",
, 7/2005, 63. ,
, . . 1995, 17-21.

68

 ,
.254
,

.
: " $ $
, , $$
; $ ."255
, ,
, : "...et illud
quod est mercatorum consuetudo in terra mea ut dent michi."256
I, 13. 1252. ,
" .. $ $
$ , $ ,
."257 , ,
, ,
.

,
, ..258
254

; ,
. ,
, ,
,

.
255
. , . , . , 87. . 1912, 137.
256
. , . , . , 87.
257
. , . , . , 188.
258
. . , . , . , 464, 465;
. 1912, 625, 628. : . 1912, 635.
" " " " (.
1912, 649-650), : "
." (Ibid., 655.) , 1332. ,

69

 :
" , , ,
."259 :
,

, .
, ,
,
. , (
, 260) "
",
() ,
, , , .261
,
( ) ,
. ,
6. 1328. ,
, : "
,
, ."262
( )
, .

: "
,

" ", ,
. . 912, 402.
259
. , . , . , 328. . 1912, 6149.
260
. , . , . , 326 328.
261
. , " ", 194-199 .
.
262
. 1912, 401.

70

 , ."263
,
, , , . 264


.265
,
. "
,
, ..."
.266
, ,


.267
263

. , . , . , 68.
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: , 1970, 238-262 ,
" ", 263-277.
264
. . ,
. , . , 80.
265
, " (XII-XV )",
,
1995, 15-22, , "L' ide du droit naturel dans la charte de Chilandar de 1198",
. , , , ,
2000, 25-28 , "
( )" , (.),
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266
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267
,
. ,

: " , , ,
, ." .
1912, 424. ,
, ; ,
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. , ( ), ,
, ,
( ), ,
, .
, , 20.

71


, ,
( ) , .

.268 ,
,
,
, ,
, ,

.
,
, ,
, 269,
, ,
.270

1349. : " ,
, ." . 1912, 172.
,
. ,
,
,
.
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270
(Fritz Kern)
. Fritz Kern, Kingship and Law in the Middle
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Walter Ullmann, Law and Politics in the Middle Ages: An Introduction to the Sources of
Medieval Political Ideas, Cambridge 1975, 29-50.

72


, :
, ,
. 271
,
,
, ,
. ,
,

. ,
, ,
, ;
.
,
,
.272
( )
, 171.
172. " ; , , ,
, - ,
', - ,
," 171.273 : "
, ."274
,

271

, , ,
, .
272

. , : , , , 1996, 19-55
, " ", , 1-2/2004, 55-78.
273
. 1898, 134.
274
Ibid., 135.

73

 , .275
, , ,

.276
,
.
,
277, ,
, .278 ,
, () ,
,
,
.279
, ,
,
. 280
275

. 1923.
,
, ,
.
277
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, 1922, 146-153.
278
, ,
(
) , .
.
. , " ", 650
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279
. 1996, 294-303, 300-302.
280
, , : "
,
,
, .
' ' (iura ac
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- '' . ,
, , ,
.
, ,
. , ,
, ." Ibid., 294.
,
,
, .
276

74


281,
,
.
,
. , "
, .
, , ,
."282 (,

.) ,
,
: ,
" " , " ";
, ,
, .283
,
, , 284 ( 84. 30.),
" " (
182. ),
( 89.),
( 80.), ( 132. 151.-154.)
, " " 180. ,
, " " 172.
.285 181,
, " ",
, 1/1982, 126-127 , , "
", : 200
1787. ., 17. 18.
1987, 1990, 525-533.
281
ibid., 300-301.
282
. 1996, 294.
283
Ibid.
284
;
.
285
. 1996, 294-295. 105.
, , , "

75

 ,
, ; ,

.286
,
( 42.),
(31. 65.),
(159.), (74.),
(142.), (68. 139.),
78. "
."287
,
( 63.),
(187.) 176.288

43, ,
, .289
,
, ,

." Ibid., 298.

105. ,
,

. , . ,
,
,
,
. ,
,
, .
286
Ibid., 296-297.
287
Ibid., 295-296.
288
124. 137,
,
."
, ,"
. Ibid., 296.
289
" , ,
, .
, , ," ,
. . 1996, 297.

76


, .
, 171. 172.
, ,
.

, :
, .
,
, ( ) .

, , :
,
, .
,
,
,
,
, . 290

. :
, ,
" ".291 ,
. , () ,
" ".
1355. ,
" ".292

290

. . 2004, 70-72.
. 1996, 300.
292
Ibid., 301. . 1912, 575 175.
291

77

, ,
,
, . 349.
,
(, ),
171. ,
,
.293 , ,

. ,
: .
, ,
,
,
terminus ante quem

.
,
.
, " "
(" $ $..."294);
.
, ()
. : "
$ $$ ,
."295
, ,
293

Ibid., 301-302. , , (.), Statuta Civitatis

Cathari , II: 1616.
, 2009, 289-290 , Statuta Civitatis Cathari ,
III: 1616. , 2009, 189-190.
294
. , . , . , 95. . , 575.
295
. , . , . , 94. . , 573.

78

 , , 296 , .
: " :
..."297
,
: " $
, ,
, $."298 ,

. ,
.
,

, .
,
,
. 299 ,

. (
)300, ,
,
. ,
.
296

;
,
. , , 2011,
34.
297
. , . , . , 94. . , 573.
298
. , . , . , 95. . , 574.
299
,
: " ,
, ,
; , , ." .
, . , . , 108.
.
300
.

79


, , 1234.
. " $ $ $ $ ,"
. 301 "
" ,
,
.
I 1254. .
: "$ ,
$ ."302 : "
$ $ ."303 ,
,
.
,
:

.
1282. :
" $ , $."304

,
.

.305
,
,
, "
301

. , . , . , 130.
. , . , . , 212-213. . 1912, 151.
303
. , . , . , 213. . 1912, 151.
304
. , . , . , 276.
305
; .
. 2004, 58-64.
302

80

 ."306


. , ,
,
.
1302.
. " $ , $ $,
,"307 .

, .
,
: "
$ $
: ."308
: "... ,
, ."309
( )
,
.
, , : "
$ $, $, : $ $
$ $ ."310

,

306

. , . , . , 324. . 1912, 614.

. , . , . , 345. . 1912, 162.
308
. , . , . , 346. . 1912, 163.
309
. 1912, 160.
310
. , . , . , 345-346. . 1912, 162.
307

81

 .

,

.311

"" " ".312
,
, , (
,
, ),
. , ,
( ) ,

.
:
" ; , ."313

.
" ,
, -;
,
, ." 314

.

311

,
: "
, , , ." .
1912, 687. ,
, .
312
,
" " .
313
. 1912, 652.
314
. 1996, 360.

82

 ,
, (
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,

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,
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,
. (
),

, .
,
.

, , ,

.
,
,
, ,
. , ,
, ,
315,
315

, ,
,
: " ,
. ,
. , .

83

 .
.316
, . ,
, . ,
, ,
.
,
. ,
;
,
. ,
. , ,
,
: , ,

( )
. ,
171. "
" " "317,
. 318
,
, ,
.

, .
(lex), (regula iuris) ,
, . ,
, ." . 1996, 391.
316
, 171, ,
,
. . 2010, 215.
317
. 1898, 134.
318
,
, 171.
. . 1996, 735. ,
.

84



, ,
. ,
.
.

,
,

.
, , ,
( ) .

.
( , )

. ,
, , ,

, , ,
.

.

,
,
.319
,

319

, ,
;
.

85

 320,
.
,

, ,
, , ,
.
, .



.

321, ,

, . 322
, ,
,
. ,
, ,
.323

320

, , 68. ,
( )
, . . 1898, 55.
321
, " "
. . 1888, 285-289.
322
. . 1928, 53-58 88-91.
323
- , " ,
". -,
, 1927, 148.
( ),

. ibid., 145-168.

86

 "-
"324
, . "
,
,"
, .325 ,

.
:

.326

, , ,
,
.327
,
,
, ,
.328 , , ,

, , "
, ";
, " " .329
324

. 1898, 5.
. . 1928, 71 .
" ". , "
" , (.),
, 2005, 215.
326
. - 1997, 190-302 . - 1994, 141-153.
327
. . 1928, 81-82, 88.
328
. . 1928, 71-75.
, "
", , 12/1970, 61-78.
329
. . 1928, 74.
. " .
. -
. .
325

87

 ,
,
.330

.
,
(
, , ,
) ,
331; , ,
332,
.333

,
, ,
,
,
.334
335,
,
. , ,
(, ,
) .

," . , "
XIII XIV ", , 23/1923, 340.
330
. 1996, 201-203.
331
. . 1928, 106-107 .
332
, ,

.
333
. . . 1928, 140-145 , 211-222 . . 1980, 7-9.
334
. 1888, 440-447.
335
Ibid., 442-443.

88

 , ,
.336 , ,
:

(
)
337,
( ) ,
.338

,
( ),
,
, 339
.340
, ,
. "
,
," ,
.341
,

336

. . , "i, i 30
1885 .", ,
4/1885, 4-6 , -,
2000, 348-349 , , 1898, XXXVI-XXXVII.
337
" ,
.
(, , )
. , ,
." . 1898, XXXIX.
. 1907, XI-XXIX.
338
Ibid., XL.
339
, , ,
( , , )
. C. Jireek 1900, 157.
340
Ibid., 153-163. ; .
Kostreni 1923, 325-328 , "
", , 1951, 27-44.
341
. . 1928, 90.

89


, .
,
. ,

.
, ,
,
. 342 ,
, ,

: ,
,
.343

( ),
, .
, "
, ",
,
,
, . , ,

, ,
.
,
"based upon Byzantine law but without neglecting Serbian customary law, when
necessary".344 ,

342

Ibid.
. 1898, 3-7.
344
G. C. Soulis, 72.
343

90

 ,
, "obviously far from the truth."345
, ,
" ",
,

.346 , ,
,
.347
, ,

,
( )
.348
.

; , ,

.
,
,
. ,
, ,
.

345

Ibid. ,
,
() ,
() . Ibid., 80-81.
346
, , 1966, 102-103.
347
, " ",
, 1/2006, 65-70. Sran arki, "Quellen des mittelalterlichen serbischen Rechts",
Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu, 39 (2)/1989, 181-182.
348
,


. . . . ,
559-560.

91


, , ,
.
,

:
, , .

,

. ,
.349
, ; ,
, . 350

.351


; ,

. , ,

349

. . 1980, 4 W. Ullmann, 199-201 .

, ,
" ,
." . 1961, 3.
351
,
,
. ,
, . F. Kern, 149-176, Raoul
Charles van Caenegem, "Law in the Medieval World", Legal History: A European Perspective, London
1991, 123-128.
350

92

 352,

.
.
39. 40,
. 39, ,
, :
" , , ,
, ,
."353 , 40, : " ,
, , -
, - ; ,
, ."354 ,

, 355;
.

352

Lj.Maksimovi 1999, 51.

. 1898, 36.
, :
" , , ,
, - , ." , ,
,
,
39. " ", 40.
, . ,

1345. ,
. . . 1980, 205-206.
354
. 1898, 36. "
" (,
), ,
, , .
( ),

, .
355

,
"- ".
353

93

 , ,
,
. , 40. pro futuro,

,

. ,


.356 "

," ,
"
, ."357
,
358,
. , ,

, ,
,
.
,
,
.359 ,
, ,
, .
356
, , .
357
. 1996, 47.
, (.
) : Alan Harding, Medieval Law and the Foundations of the
State, Oxford 2002, 13-16 66.
358
, , , ,
.
359
,
. . 43. ,
(
. 1898, 39.),
"", " ,

94


360, , "
."361

.
, ,
,
, ,
.362
.
, ,

363,
. ,
,
(
) . ,
, 124. 137. . "
; , ;
- , - ,

,
." . 1996, 49.

,
.
360
, , ,
.
361
, " ",
, 1951, 83. ,
, : . , 7-8.
362
" .
.
.
. ,
, ."
, " ",
650 , 2000, 310.
363
.

95

," 124, .364

365:
" ; ,
, ; ."366
.
, ,
, ,
,
. ,
. ,
, :

. ,
,

. " "

" "367
,
.

. ,
, ,
( , ,
) ,
"" , .
364

. 1898, 95.
, 124.
.
" ",
, , ,
"
." . 1898, 228.
366
. 1898, 104.
367
. 1996, 48.
365

96

,
,


.368

,
,
.
,
.
,
() .

368

, ,
, , ,
.
. . 1928, 68-81.

97


( )



,
, .369
, 370
369

, " ." ,
, " (...)
; ."
, , : I. , 1923, 75. ,
, "
". Ibid., 81. , ,
" ." . 1996, 129.

,
. "
, , ,
.
, ,
, . ,
, , ,"
. Ibid., 540. ,
,
("the trait of legal person"); ,
,
,
,
. , "Natural Persons (Individuals) and Legal Persons (Entities) in
Serbian Medieval Law", , XLV/2008, 225.
,
, 1902, 543-550.
370
, ,
" ", "" ""
, .
, . ( ,
" ",
, "", . .
, " ",
, VI/1854, 107-108 . , ""
, . Ibid., 112-121.
, ,
. , " ,
", , I/1857, 72-80.)
; , "
", , 1/2010, 16-17. ,

98

 .371 ,
( )
, ,
,
.372
, ,
373,
.374

,
.

,
.
371
,
. , ,
: " , , (sic!)
.
, ,
.
,
, ;
, , ,
, ." .
, XI.-XV. , 1925, 22.


. ,
. ,
;
,
.
372
. 1996, 130-131.

" "
. , " ",
, 17/2007, 20.
373
, ,
, . , ,
,
, . , ,
, "
, , , ." .
1996, 133.
, ( ),
.
374
, , ,
.

99

,
.375 , a priori
. ,
,
,
,

. , ,
, " ,
,
, (...) ,
."376

. 23, ,
.377 , 26, : "

375

" , ,
, ,
.
, .
, ,
,
. ,
." Ibid., 131. , :
" , ,
, ,
. ,
, , , ." . 1902, 4.
, ,

. " , ,
. ,
, ,
." . ,
" ",
, 4/1909, 300.
,
.
376
Ibid., 132.
377
" , , ." . 1898, 25.

100

."378
, ,
. ,
, ,
, , ,
.

. , 33,
379,
. ,
34, : "
;
, , , ;
; ;
, , - ."380
, 25,
: " ,
."381 , ,
378

Ibid., 27.
ibid., 31-32.
380
Ibid., 32. ,
; .
( )
() . : "Tunc retentis
secum aliquantis militibus misit filium suum [in transmontanas] Senudslavum nomine ut regiones
transmontanas subiugaret." (.), Gesta Regum Sclavorum, I:
, 2009, 14-16. ( )
: "I ne bi mu zadovoglno - posla sina sfoga choga jure imisse i bise imal j s gnim
voische da bij obuial i Dogniu zemgliu i Zagoorschu, a tomu sinu bisse ime Sfiolad." Ibid., 14-16.
, , ,
() - . "Surbiam autem, quae et Transmontana
dicitur, in duas divisit provincias: unam a magno flumine Drina contra occidentalem plagam usque ad
montem Pini, quam et Bosnam vocavit, alteram vero ab eodem flumine Drina contra occidentalem
plagam usque ad Lupiam et Lab, quam Rassam vocavit." Ibid., 58. ,
VII XII (- ), 1981, 95-98.
381
. 1898, 26.
, "'" "",
, .
379

101

 ,
, "
."382 , , "
."383

1458. .
384,
, "
," .385 ,

,
. ,
,
, , , "

."386 ,
, ,
, .
Ratio , ,
,
,
,
.
( ,
, )
.
: "
382

. 1898, 161.
. . 1980, 192.
384
, , ,
.
385
. 1912, 344.
386
. 2001,168.
383

102

 , "387, "
,
"388, " w
, w w ,
"389, ", , , , ,
"390 " "391, "
"392, "
"393 "
, "394, "

387

, 1276. 1281. ,
. , . , . , 269. . 1912, 388
, "
", , 9/2010, 8. , ,
1299. .
(
1282-1284.), ,
"" ,
1300. .
ibid., 11-13.
, (
, " ?",
, XXXII/1993, 129-136),
.
, . . , . ,
. , 268.
388
II , 1300. , ibid.,
333. . 1912, 392.
389
II 15. 1306.
, -, "
", 1/2002, 15. . 1912, 605.
390
II , 1313.
1318. ; . 1912, 628.
,
, . , "
", , 15/2004, 69.
391
Ibid., 629.
392
III 1326.
; . 1912, 639.
393
Ibid., 640.
394
Ibid., 641.

103

 "395, " '

, , '
"396, " , "397, "
"398, "

."399
,
. " , ,
, , ,
,"
.400

1300.

395

,
1337. 1346. , . 1912, 660.
: "
, ,
." ibid., 661.

, . .
1971.
396
1340. (
), . 1912, 410.
397
1. 1345. ,
. 1912, 488.
398
,
1346. 1355. ; . 1912, 433.
399
10. 1354.
; . 1912, 740. O
.
400
. , . , . , 167 . 1912, 590.
, , I
, . , "
",
, XXI/1940, 22-25.

104

 " 401
, , , , ,
."402
, ,
,
.403 , ,

,
, .
"
, ,
."404 ,
.
,
.
,
405:
, , .406

401

"" ( .
, . 792-795),
. , ,
,
. . 2009, 154-156.
402
. 1912, 608-609.
403
" . , . , , ,
, , , , , ', '
, . , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
, ." Ibid., 609.
404
. 2009, 151.
405
. , "
",
: 19-21. 2009, 2009,
157.
406
" - ,
- , -
..." . 1912, 613. , , III
( 1028-1034), I (1081-1118) I (1143-1180),

105

 ,
, , ,
,
.407
, ,
,
: " ,
, , , ,
, , , ,
, ;
,
, ."408
.

"
, ,"409
: "
II (1218-1241); . . 1925, 2-4,
. 2009, 149-150.
407
, "
.
, , ,
, , , , .
, ,
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
, , , , , ,
, , , , ,
, , , , , ,
." . 1912, 613-614. ,
,
, "
."
. . 1925, 17-18.
408
. 1912, 609.
409
. 1912, 616.

106

 , ."410

, , "
."411 , ,
,
.412 ,
( )
. ,
, ,
.
,
. " , ,
, , , , ,
," .413 ,
,
, ,

.414 , ,
410

Ibid., 617.
. 1912, 617.
412
,
. , ,
: " , , ;

, (...) ." . 1912,
617. , ,
, , ,
. ibid., 618.
413
. 1912, 612-613.
414
" ,
411

, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , ,
, , , , , , ,
, , , .
.
,

107


, . ,
, , , ,
.

,
. : " ,
, , ."415

, , :
" '
, ."416

, :
1337. .417 ,
,
. ( ,

.) ,
,
,
.

, ,
." . 1912, 620.
415
. 1912, 649.
416
Ibid.
417
" ,
, , , , ,
, , , , ,
. , ,
, , , ." . 1912, 662.

108

 , , .
, , , 418,

.
1331.
. ,
" , , , ,
, , , , , ,
..."419 1337.
: "
, ,
, , ,"

" ."420
1339.
"w
, , ,
, , w
".421
, , 1343.
,
" ,
, , , , ; , ,
. , ,
418

,
.
419
. 1912, 486.
420
. 1912, 671.
421
-, "
", , 2/2003, 57; .
1912, 407. "" " ".

109

 ,
."422 1342. 1345.
: "
, , , ,
, , ,
, ,
."423
, 1348. , ,
" ,
, , , , , ,
, , ,
."424
, : " ,
, , , , , ,

, .

, , ,
, ."425
1348. ()
, , : "
, , , ,
, , , ,

422

. 1912, 411.
. 1912, 673.
424
. 1912, 420. ,
, : " ,
. , , , ,
423

, ." Ibid., 423.

425
. 1912, 424.

110

 ."426
.427 , ,
, .428
, 429,

( ) 430
.
1349.
( ),
,
" , , : ,
, , , ,
."431
, , (
),
,
" , , :

426

. 1912, 470.
, ,
( ) , 1347. , ,
1348. . , , 1965,
108 . , " ", , . L
(2003), 34-35.
428
" " " , ", " ,
" " ", " " " ". .
1912, 473.
429
(
, ,
, 1988, 181-182), ,
" ",
1/2002, 69-78.
,
. . . 2003, 41-47,
.
430
ibid., 69-70. , , "w
f w ." Ibid., 72-73.
431
. 1912, 507.
( ) (. ,
) .
427

111

, , , ,
."432
21. , 1349. 1350. 433,
,
: "
, , , , , ,
(sic!), , , , ,
, ,
, ,
, ."434
( , ,
) ,
.435

"
", .436

1347. 1350.
. "
, ,
, , , , ,

432

. 1912, 508.
. 1912, 759; . 1888, 119.
434
. 1912, 759.
435

, , . "...

, ...
,
433

... , , , ." Ibid.

436
Ibid.

112

 , , , ,
, , ,
, , ,
, , : .
, , ,
, , , , , ,
..."437
,
, ,
: "
, . , ,
, , , , , , , ,
, , ,
, ,
."438
, 1353. , ,
, ( ,
) .
: "
, , , ,
, , , , , :
. , ,
, ."439

437

. 1912, 680.
. 1912, 698.
439
. 1912, 704.
438

113

 1354.
440, : "
, , , , ,
, , ... ,
, , ."441
,
, 29.
1348. ,
. :
"

, , , , ,
, , , ,
. , ,
, , ,
, ..."442
,
,

,
. ,
, , ,
.443 , ,
,
440

,
, .
441
. 1912, 427. " "
( ),

.
442
. 1912, 707.
443
. . , . , XCIII-XCVIII. ,
"
." Ibid., XCVIII.

114

 : , "
"444, " "445,
" ', ,
"446, .

,
, ,
,
.447 ,

,

. ,
,
, " ":
.448
" , ,
,"
449, "
."450

(. ) ,
.
,
444

,
, 1345. . Ibid., 4.
445
,
, 1345. . Ibid., 10.
446
, 1345. . Ibid., 20.
447
, , ,
; , ,
.
. . 1912, 436- 442.
448
, " ",
, vol. 50, . 1-2/2007, 176.
449
Ibid.
450
Ibid., 176-177.

115

 " "
.
. , ,
, , : "
,
, , , , , ,
..."451 " " (
) ,
,
, exempli causa.
,

. ,

, ,
. ,

, :
, .
,
: ,
, ,
. ,
. ,
.
, ,
.
451

. 1912, 436. 25. 1358. , 11,

,
(" ") ,
. Ibid., 435.

116

, ,
,
() , , , ,
,
. , ,
,
. ,
, ,
,
. ,
, " , ,
.
,

."

452

,
, ( , )


. ,

, .

: ,
, . ,
,

,
.

452

. 1930, 252. ,
" ", , ,
. Ibid., 252-253.

117

,
.

; ,
,
. ,
,
,
,
.

.
,

,
, .
, ,
.
, ,
, ,


. ,
,

.
,
, . ,
,

. , , ,
, .

118


, ,
. ,

. ,
.
14, , ,
. ,
: " :
, ."453

. , , . ,
"" ""
.454
" " 455
,
. "
, , ,
,
," .456

,
.457 ,
: "
;
, ."458 , ,
453

. 1997, 102 . 1898, 19. ,

, .
454
Ibid.
455
Ibid., 156.
456
Ibid.
457
Ibid., 156-157.
458
. 1912, 697.

119

 ; ,
,
.
, , ,
" " " ",
"" , , .459
,
, ,
: "
."460 ,
, : "
." , ,

. , ,
,

,
.461

.
,
, : " ,
, , ,
459

. . 1980, 182-183.
. 1912, 697.
461
,

.
,
, ,
. ,
,
;
,
.
460

120

 ."462 ,
.

.
, 463,
.
: "... ,
, .
,
.
;
, ,
."464
,
.
,
, .
,
. (
, , .)
, ,
,

,
.

462

. 1912, 573.
: . , 1971, 70-82.
, , .
, " ", , 6/1986, 61
.
464
. , . , . , 443.
463

121

 : ,
,
.
"
", .

;

( , ,
)
.
,
,
, , .

,
.
,
,

,
.465 ,
( )
,
.466
,
. ,
465

, ( ), 1911, VIVII.
466
. 1911, 11, 62-63 67. , , 32. : ",
, ,
; , ." ( ,
() , II, 1896, 391.)
,
.

122

 ,
""
, .

.467 ,
. , ,
,
. ,
:
.
,
,
,
,
. , , ,
,
.

,

.
: " ;
, ."468
, ,
, . ,
, , , .

, ,
.
467

, .
1911, 104-170, 209-342.
468
. , . , . , 443.

123

 , ,

.

, ,
. ,
, .
,

,

.

, ,

" ."469

,

. ,
. ,
, .
15.
, 34. 123. : "
, ,
,
,

469

. 1912, 697. , "

, ". ,
-, , 2003, 18.

124

 ' ."470
,
, .

,

, , ,

. ,
,
. ,

. ,

" ",
,
, .
, , ,
, .

,
. ,
, , , ,
, .


. "

470

. 1907, 414. . 1902, 720.

125

 ;
; ."471

472
, . " ,
, w , , ..."473
, 1862,
474, ,
, , , :
" } w}";
,
.475
" "476,
( )
.477 ,
, ,
,
.
,
, .

471

. 28. , . 1898, 27.

. ,
,
, , : II. , 1923, 92 .
- 2002, 21-22.
473
ibid., 15. . 1912, 604-605,
: " , ,
w ...".
474
ibid., 18, . 2.
475
Ibid., 19.
476
Ibid., 24. ,
( ,
, , )
, ( )
, .
477

, , .
472

126

 1348.
: "
, .
,
, , . ,
, , , .
, ,
."478 ,
( , ,
?),
,
.

. : "
i ."479 , ,
. 480
, ,

, .
: " ,
, , , , ."481

: (,
, ),
, .

478

. 1912, 420.
. 1912, 698.
480
. . 1980, 194. - ,
.
481
. 1912, 699.
479

127

,
,
1343. .482
,
. , , : "
, ,
,
,
."483
,
,
. ,
.


28. ,
,

. ,
,
.
484,

, ,
.
,
. ,
482

. . 1980, 194.
. . 1926, 125-126.
484
"...
, '
, - ..." . 1898, 5.
483

128


.

. ,
, -
" ", ,
.485
28.
,
, . , ,
,
.
,
' '. ,
,
.
,
, ,
, , .
, 28.
" ."486
,
; , ,
.
,
. ,
.
.
, ,
485

. 1912, 367. " ,

i ." . 1912, 368.

486
. 1898, 27.

129

 "
."487
,
,
, , , ()
.
, ,
.

"" ,
.
princeps.488
,
"
, [...] , [...]
..."489 490,
,
.
,
, .
, ,
.491

487

. . 1980, 194.
" :
, , , principatus. , ,
, princeps." , "
( )", , XLII/1933, 69.
489
. 1912, 573.
490
. . 1996, 35.
491
, "", . , . , 87.
488

130



, , ,
. , ,
,
"",
. , ?
.

( 1254. 1264. ),
, , "
".492 ,
.
,
, , ,
.
,
,
.
. " , ,"
62.493
, "
,
, , ." 494
, , "
( ),
( )."495 ,
,
,
492

. 1912, 594.
. 1898, 51.
494
. 1996, 37.
495
. , " ...", 20.
493

131

. ,
.
"
, I .
, ",
, . 496
, , .497 ,
.
, " (
),

,
."498
, ,
, ,
, , ,
.
,
,
. " ,"
.499

.
,

496

. 1996, 738.

, , , : " sigilum
citationis , . 62..."
, Fides publica ( ) XV ,
1930, 97-98 112.
498
, " ",
, 43/2003, 324.
499
. 1912, 619.
497

132

 ,
.500
,
" "501,
, 502,
"
."503 ,
?

, .
, ,
.
,
.
,
, ,
. , ,
, ;
, . ,

,

.504

500

, ,
.
, .
501
. 1996, 38.
502
152. . (. 1898, 119.)
.
503
. 1996, 38.
504
, : "

, .
.
. ,
(sic!) ,
." ,
, 2012, 13.

133


.
,

1277. 1281. ,
1220. .505 "$ $,
$ $ $ , $ $ , $
, $, $ ."506 ,

507;
. 508 , ,
(
, , ),
.
505
, ""
( , ,
. 1857, 123) ,
. (
, " ", , 3/1937, 270-275.)
, , .
, .
Paulus Josephus Schafarik, Monumenta Illyrica seu Slavorum Gentis, Pragae 1839, 7.
Monumenta Illyrica , ,
,
,
.
506
. , . , . 273-274, . 1912, 138.
507
,
. : "
, , , ." . 1912, 685. , "
" ,
. Ibid., 691.
, ,
.
508
, ,
( 25. 1358. , ,
) " ". . 1912,
435. 24. 1357.
: " , ; , , ,
, , ..." Ibid., 177. 1361.
,
"
" , " "
. Ibid., 437.

134

 . ,
, ? ,
, ,
,
,
, .509
,
""
. ,
, ,

, , , ?
, , : ""
, .
, .
, ,
. , , ,
,
, ,
, ,
, . ,
, ,
,
,
.
, (
),

509

( ,
, ,
), ,
( ) , ,
. "
", , XXI/1940, 8-11.

135

 (" "510),
" , . ,
,
,
."511
,
, .
,
1205. , ,
, "
,
, , ,
."512 , "
, "513
, . ,
""
, ,
,
.

.
( ), , . 514

, ,
, . 515 ,
510

. 1996, 41.
Ibid., 42.
512
Ibid.
513
. 1912, 136.
514
. , . , . , 94.
515
,
"'' , ( . .) ."
, , , 2007, 235.
,
, '' ,
. , ,
511

136

 516
.
(
517),
,
.518 ,
, ,
,
, ; , ,
, .519
, : "
: , ,
; ,
."520 , , ,
,
, : ''
'' , . 521 , ,

. ,
,
.
,

, ,

. ,
: "
, , ."
Ibid., 235-236. ,
.
516
.
517
. 1923, 72
518
. 1923, 72-73 126.
519
. 1996, 43-44.
520
. , . , . , 94-95.
521
" ",
. . , "", 88.

137

 522 . ,

.

, ,
, . ,

, ,
, . ,
,
, ,
,
( ) .523

" ", 152.
.524 ,
, "

."525 , ,
, :
, ""
, ,
, .
522

( ) ,
, .
523
" $ $ $, $ $,
$ .. , $ $ $ ,
$, , , $ $ ,
$ $ $. $ $, $
, $ $$ $ .. ; $, $ $,
$ $ $ $ ." . , . , . , 95.
524
" ; ,
; , ,
." . 1898, 119.
525
, " ", , V:
, 2001, 54.

138

 , ,
, ,
, ( "
"526,

527),
?

, 61. ,
528, "
".529 , ,
,
"
".530
, " " 61. "
, , , ,
", "
( ) " 131. .531
, , ,
" , , "532
,
,
. , ,
,

526

, "- ," ,
2003, 393.
527
Ibid., 394.
, ,
,
. Ibid., 393.
528
" , ; ;
, - ," . 1898, 51.
529
. 1923, 73.
530
, , 2002, 179.
531
. 1996, 44-45.
532
. 1898, 99.

139

,
.
" ,
",
.533 ,
" ",
" ."534 ,

.535
"
, ,"536
.537
,
.
: " ,

."538 " ,
, ."539

533

. 1996, 45. , ,
,
,
. , ,
,
:
, (
, ), , III
. , "
", , 4/1990, 423-426.
534
. 1996, 45.
535
, ,
. . , " ",
, 24. 25. 1961. ., 1963, 76-78.
536
. 1912, 626.
537
" , .
, , .
." . 1912, 629.
538
. 1912, 615.
539
. 1912, 619.

140

 ,

( ), ,
.540

. , "
."541

"
"542,
" '' ."543 ,
, ,
, .544 ,
,
.
39. 545,
" , ,
."546 ( . .) ,
"" ,

, .
,
.
, ,
()

540

, , ,
.
541
. . 1980, 204.
542
Ibid. , ,
,
Junker. Ibid., 204-205.
543
Ibid., 205.
544
Ibid., 204.
545
,
. . 1898, 36.
546
. . 1980, 205.

141

 . (
) ratio-
,
, .
, ,
, ,

.
,
,
,

, .
,
; ,
,
,
.547 , , ,
,
.
,
,
?
, . ,
, . ,
, .
, , ,

547

" , ,
, ,
, .
." . ,
: ,
1904, 15.

142

 , ,
.

,
,
() , .
,
,
.548 , ,
. ,
,
.
,
,
.549

: ,
,
. ,

. "
,
," .550 ,
,
. ,

,
?
,

548

. , "- ", 392.

, ,
.
550
. , "- ", 394.
549

143


.
-
, ,
. ,

,
,
.551 , ,

. ,
,
.
, 61. ,
,


. , ,
, , ,
, ,
, .
, ,
, ,
. , (
) ,
, .
, , ,
.

551

, ,
, ,
. . , 1923, 70.

144



,
,
.

, 552
1316. .553 , (
, , ),
.
, , ,

. 39.
40, ,
. 39,
, : " , ,
, ,
, ,"554 40, ,
: " , ,
, - , - ;
, ,

552

,
,
, : ,
,
(?) ,
, . ,
( , ) . .
, . , . , 451-452 . . 1926, 88-89.
, " ",
, III/1925, 117-125,
, . , - , 1987, 138-140.
553
, " ", ,
XLIV/1997, 89-101.
554
. 1898, 36.

145

."555

,
, (
) ,
. ,
, ,
39. 40.
. ,
,
( )
, .
,

: " $
$ $ $ $ $ $
, $$ , ,
, $ ,
, $ , $ $ (...)
$ ,
."

556

,557
,
.
, ,
. ,
( , , .
) . ,
555

Ibid.
. , . , . , 452; . . 1926, 88-89.
557
, .
556

146

, 41.
: " , , ,
- , ; -
."558
, . 559,
;
, , 560,

,
.
, ,
(. ,
) "
, ,
de cuius'a, ,
," "

".561
562,
. "
,
,"
.563
, :


. ,

558

. 1898, 37.
. 1996, 663; . . 1980, 207.
560
. 1996, 664-665.
561
. 1996, 664.
562
ibid., . . 1980, 208 . 1907, 133.
563
. . 1980, 208.
559

147

 -
.


;
, . ,
,
.
, ,
,
.

. ,

,
( ), ,
, .., , ,
, ,
, .
, ,
. ,
, ,

.
, , .
,
.
, 564,
" "565,
. ,

564
565

. 2002, 101, . 184.

. 1898, 172.

148

 , .566
,

, , ,

,
.


.
: "
, , ."567
, ,
, :
. , ,
?
,
.568 , . "
,
,
.
, , 569
566

. 1996, 663.
42. , . 1898, 38.
568
. 1996, 52-53.
569
,
, ( , )
. ,
.
, .
" ,
." .
1996, 56. , , , ,
,
, , .
, , . ,
567

149

[...] ;

," .570
"
[...] ."571


,

.

" , ", ,
1/1967, 143-144.
, , . " ,
, .

," . . . 1980, 209.
, ( ,
), " ,
"; " ",
, ,
. Ibid. ,
, , ,
, (
) .
: , ,
,
. . ,

:
, , ad hoc
. ,
,
, .
,
,
. ,

,
, .
,
, . , ,
.
,

.
570
Ibid., 53.
571
Ibid.

150


.
; ,
, ,

.



,
( )
. . 115. : "
; ;
; , ."572
. ,
" " .
.573
,
. ,
, 574,
575 : "
, ,
."576 ,

572

. 1898, 88.
Ibid., 215.
574
" , ,
." Ibid., 88.
575
, ( . ,
i III, 44), " " 115.
" ". . 1898, 89.
576
Ibid., 88-89.
.
573

151

 " ,
." 577
, " " " ",
.
, , ,
114, , :
" "578; , "
" . , ,
. ,
,
. ,

" ",
, . 579
,
: ,
( ),
.580
.
,
.581 ,

: " , ,
, , , , ." .
1912, 390. ,
1302. 1309; ibid., 394.
577
Ibid., 89.
578
Ibid., 87.
579
. 1912, 753 . . 1980, 271.
580
. 1898, 215.
581
,

, ( )
.
,
,
. . : " . w
w w . . . .

152

 ,
.
. . 140
, ,
: " ; ; ,
, , ,
; - '.".582
583,
. " "
,

.584 ,

." . 1981, 100. : "
. w w w . . .
. .". Ibid., 138. : "
. w w w . .
. . . ." Ibid., 198.
582
. 1898, 108.
583

,
, ,
. . 1996, 477-480,
, " ", , 10/2011, 2,
416-417.
. ,

, ;
. , ,
Maistas Carolina,
, . . . 1980, 289-290.
584

,
.
. ,
( ,
),
. , ,
,
"
, ,
." . 1996, 100.
, .

153

 .585 ,
,

, (
) , .
,
, ,
.586

: " , ,
, , ;
, ."587
,
:
, , ..588
, , ,
" ,
.

." 589
.


. ,
(
585

, " ",
, 2/2010, 27.
586
.
587
. 1912, 385.
588
. 1923, 171-176 . 1996, 99-100. "
,
," . Ibid., 100.
589
, "
", , 1951, 189.

154

 ),
. ,
,

590,
.
, ,
,
. , , 591,
, .592
, ,
,
.
,
,
( )
( ), ()
, (.
" ") .593
, , ,
594,

, . 595

" ", , ,

590

, .
, .
592


, . . 1996, 97.
593
. 1996, 97-98.
594
, .
595
Ibid., 98.
591

155


.
.
:
,
, . , . ,
,
, ,
.

,
.
,
. 596
lex specialis lex generalis (
), "da je Nemanja
vrlo mudro stupnjevao vezanost seljaka" ,
,
"",
,
, !597
. "Crkva kao saveznik vladara prola je takvim
reguliranjem dobro, vladar najbolje, a vlastela najslabije," .598
" ",
,
,

596

, " , ",
, XXV/1991, 93.

(
),
" " . ibid., 94-95.
597
Ibid., 94.
598
Ibid.

156


.
,

,

.
,
. ,
,
. , ,
,
.599 ,
,
( ) .
,

. , , lex
specialis (
) ;

.
,
, , ,
,
.

1321.

599

" "
, ,
, . ,
, ,
.

157

"" , .600

,
, 601,
, ,
. , ,
,

, ( , )
.

: " ,
, , ,
, , ."602

.

, (, ,
) .603
,
,
, .
600

" , " (

); " ", " ,

". . 1912, 633, 634, 635.
601
, ,
, .
"
,
, ,
." Ibid., 636.
602
. 1912, 641.
603
,
: "
" .

158

, ,
, , .
140,

, ,
.


, ( ,
)
. ,
"
, "
" ."604
, , ,
, ,
.605
: , "
" .606
604

. 1996, 103.
. , ,
, XV XVII ,
.
605
. . 1980, 290.
606
, , 105,
, 171. 172, ,
.
,
, , , ,
, . ( 105, 171. 172.
. 1898, 80-81 134-135.) ,
,
. , ,
ratio 171.
,
,
. , "
", :
19-21. 2009, 2009, 35-39 .
, : , ,
( ,
, )

159

 (
)
,
,
. ,
,

, , .
;
, ,
; ,

.

. 141. : "
, ."607
,
. ,
, , :

, ,
, , .
, ,
.

,
, .
105. 171. 172. .
" ",
. ( . , "
", ,
3/1938, 245.) , 105.
, "

", ,
( ,
), . (Ibid., 244.) 171, ,
,
,
,
. ibid., 243-245.
607
. 1898, 109. ,
, . . ,

160

, , ratio
(
,
608), .609
, ,
,
. ,
:

.
, ,
.
,
,
.

(. XVII ) , ,
( )
. , . 140.
. 141. . exempli causa

, ,
. 141. , . 140. :
" . ; ,"
- " : . , ,
, , ." Ibid., 108-109.
608
, ,
. ,
, ( . 1898, 230.),
. . . 1980, 291, . 807. ,
, . "
" " ",
, .
609
,
; ,
( . . 1980, 290-291) .
" , [...] . 141.
" (Ibid., 291.),
"
." (Ibid., 290.)
,
, ,
, .

161

,
. ,

, ,
. 1302. 1309.
: " ,
, , ,
, ."610 , ,
, ,

. ,
,
, ,
.
, : "
, , ,
, , ,
." 611 ,
,
612, ,
" ",
,
, . ,
: , ,
, ,
.
610

. 1912, 394.
. 1912, 617.
612
, , ,
, , ,

, ""
. . 1991, 95.
611

162

 ,
, .
,
: " ,
, , . (sic)
, ,
.. .".613 ,
"", ,
, , .614

. ,
"
, ..."615
,
,
613

. , . , . , 328. . 1912, 619.

,

( ),
, "kralj ga ( . . .) oslobaa svih
dunosti osim to taj ovjek, u zamjenu za te dunosti, treba crkvi dati tri dana oranja uz davanje hrane"
,
! . 1991, 96. ,
,
,
( ),
.
"Milutin, nakon to je pravno osigurao svoju vlast nad Skopjem, elio svojoj
vojnoj i politikoj moi pridodati i snanu crkvenu podrku." Ibid. ,

( ), .
.
615
. 1912, 639. (,
, ),
. . 1991, 98.
. ,

? , ,
,
, . ,

, .
614

163

 ,

.
, ,
,
, ,
.616 , , ,
, " ,
."617 ,
, 618
, .
,
,
.
,
.
, 1332.
,
, : " ( . . .)
, ."619 , ,
616

(
) 1282.
1299. ,
, ,
,
, . , ,
, "da je Milutin eelo
(sic!) da nae prihvatljiv modus vivendi s onim imunijim slojem ljudi, koji je ostao u Skopju i njegovoj
okolici i nakon povlaenja Bizanta", "da nije osvaja, nego
nastavlja bizantskog drutvenog i pravnog sustava." . 1991, 95.
,
. ibid., 95-96.
617
. 1912, 618-619.
618
,
. ibid., 618. , ,

.
619
. 1912, 404.

164

 ( )
.
, ,
, :
. ,
,
,
, ,
.620
,
621 . 22. : "
, ,
."622
, , ,
,
.

,
.623 ,
620

,
. , , .
, , "
", , , .

" , , ",
,
. ( . 1912, 404.) , ,
, ,
,
.
621
, , , ""
.
622
. 1898, 24.
623
, 22.
,
" ." .
1996, 101. ( ),

165


, .


lex imperfecta .624
"
."625 ,
.
, .
, , ,

. , 626
.
, . "
,
, , ,
, ,

,"

.627
115. 140,
.
624
, ,
,
(
?), ,
, .
,
. "Kao da je Duan svjestan da ne moe naprosto narediti vezanost meropaha za zemlju, jer bi to,
po svemu se ini, bilo preduboko zadiranje u njihova prava," . . 1991, 100.
: ,
,
,

, .
.
625
. . 1980, 190.
626
,

. ,
,
.
627
. 1996, 101.

166

, , ,


. ,
,
, ,
. ,

,
,
. 628

,
. ,

.

, (
) ,
.629
( ) 630,

.631

628

. , ,
, ,
. ,
, , 1940, 116-145, 143-145.
629
,
dominium eminens, dominium directum
dominium utile. . . 1996, 85-88. ,
, .
630
, , .
631
,
,
, .

167

 ,

, , ,
. . 68.
: "
;
; ;
, ; , -
; -- ."632 , ,
, ,
, ,
, , ,

.633 ,
, , ,
.
(
),
,

. , ,
" ,
."634
. ,
, " ":

632

. 1898, 55.
,
, 2004, 106-115. , ,
,

. ibid.,
75-76.
634
. , " ", 61.
633

168

 , ,
? :
,
,
, ,
.
, , , . 635

1346. .
, : "...
, ,
", " ',
", " , ,
, , ..."636

,
, , , .
,
,
.637

635

. 1898, 188-189. , , ,
, ,
,
. "
, .
; , ,
, .
. 68. [sic!],
, ." . 1996, 92.
636
. 1912, 631.
637
,

. .
: " , , ,
, , , , ,
." . 1912, 638-639

169

 ,
139. " --
; , - ..."
.638 , ,
,
, . ,

" --,
, , ",
.639
640
.
, ,
68,
, .641
, ,
,
638

. 1898, 106.
Ibid. ,
.
, " ,
(desuetudine)",

, . .
1996, 108. , ,
.
640
"" "", , ,
,
. ( : ""
,
, .)
641
68.
. ,
, 139. ; ,
,
, ,
, . ,
, ,
, .
639

170

 , . ,
.

.
,

.
,
,
.642

.643 , ,

.
?
,
. 644
, ,
" , ,
, ,
,
."645
. ,
, ,
646
( ),
. ,
,
642

Milan Wlanatz, Die agrar-rechtlichen Verhltnisse des mittelalterlichen Serbiens, Jena 1903, 189
, 214-246. . 1996, 89-90 93.
643

.
644
. 1898, 188.
645
. 1996, 89-90.
646
.

171



. ,
,
, 647
. ,

, .

. 648 ,
(
) "
,
."649

(

),
.
.

. ,
.
, (
,
),
.
139,
647

, .

. :
. ,
,
.
649
. , 185.
648

172

 , .
, 68. ,

,
.650
,

,
? ,
,
,
, ,
.

, ,
,
.651 (
; ,
, ,

.652) "
, , ''
," .653 ,
,
,

650

, ,
"
, ,
," "
." . 1196, 92-93.
651
. 2007, 275-276. -, "
", ,
4/2005, 73.
652
-, "
", , 4/2005, 238
653
. 2007, 276.

173

, (
) .

. " '",
654,
.655 ,
"
, ."656
, " " 657, " "
, ,
,
, 658 ,

654

, (modius, ),
. 800900 , 840, .
, , III , , 1968, 568571 , " ", , , :
, 1997, 158-160.
"
", ,
. . 1912, 590. , ,
,
.

. , " ", ,
, 2003, 55. ,
,
, . .
1968, 568.
655
,
. "
." . 1912, 590. ,
, ,
.
656
, " ",
: , 2004, 182-183. .
, , 293.
657
" ,
, ." . , "
...", 183.
658
, ..

174

 .659 ,
,
,
"
."660
.
,
661,
(, 662) ,
" , ,
."663


, ,
,

" ,
. . , ,
." . 1912, 590-591.
660
, " ",
: 19-21.
2009, 2009, 23-24. ,
,
,
.
661
. ,
" ", , "
." . 1912, 590. " "
. , "
, , ,
, .
." . , " ...", 182. ,
,

,
, . (
. , , 293
.)
662
.
663
. 1912, 590.
659

175

 " ".664 ,
,
,

, .
, ,

.

"
"665 ,

.666 " , ,
, ."667 ,
, .
,
, ( )
,
.
,
, , " '"
" ", ( ,
"") .
: ( ,

. 2003, 56. : " (sic!)

. .
, ." . , . , . , 509.
665
. 1912, 613.
666

, .
667
. 1912, 613.
664

176

 ),668 ,669
,
, 670
, 671 (
, , 672) .673
, ,
, .674

, , , " ".675

" , , .
, , ." . 1912, 625.
669
" , , , , .
, ." Ibid.
, . ( )
, ,
.
, -
,
.
670
" , , , ,
, , . , ."
, , : " ." Ibid.
668

" , ,"
, ,
. Ibid.
671
" . . , ." Ibid.
,
. . , , 38-40.
, ,
, . Ibid., 52-53.
672
. , , 294.
673
" ." ." . 1912, 625.
674
" , ,
. , : , ,
, , . . .
, , , .
, . ." Ibid., 625-626.
, ,
, . ibid., 626-628.
, "
", (.), :
, : , 2011,
243-246.
675
. 1912, 635.

177

 " " , ,
676 ,
.677 , ,
, ()
.678 , (
),
( , ,
), ,
, .679 ,
, ,680 .681
, ,
, ..682

676

, " ,
, ." . , " ", 59.

, ,
" :
." (Ibid., 60. .
1912, 696.)
, , ,
"" .
677
" : ," ibid.
678
, : "
, (...) , ." Ibid.
679
. , , 296.
680
.
, : "
." . 1912, 636. ,
. , ,
, , ,
, . ,
, : "
..." ( , , 1992, 43-43, .
2007, 280) , , , .
, . (Ibid., 280-281.)
681
" ." . 1912, 636.
682
" . ,
. . ,
. ." Ibid.
" , ;
, ." Ibid.

178

 "
"683, . ,
, ,
.684 .685
: "
."686 , ,
,
.687 ,
, , ,
.688
,
: " ,
, ."689
, . , ,
" "
.690 , '
',
.691
, , , : "
."692 ,

683

. 1912, 649.
" : , , " Ibid.
685
" : , , , ." Ibid., 650.
686
Ibid., 649.
687
Ibid., 650, : "
..." Ibid.
688
, ,
: " , , ." .
1912, 650.
689
. 1912, 649.
690
. 1912, 649.
691
, .
. , , 296-297.
692
. 1912, 650.
684

179

 : 693 , . ,
,
.694
, ,

.695

696 , ,
, ,
( ) .
, ,
.697
, , (
)698 , ,
. 699


700,

, , .
,
.
693

.
" , . ,
." . 1912, 650.
695
" : , , ." .
1912, 650.
696
.
697
"... , ..."
-, "
", 73.
698
"... $ $ $ ..." Ibid.
699
"...
(...) $ , $ $ " Ibid.
700
, , ,
( ,
), .
694

180

 : "
, , ,
, , (sic!)
."701 ,
, ( ,
) . , ,
, ,
. ,

,
. ,

.
, ,
, 702
.

, , " ".
" ", "
" ,
,
.703

"", . 704, , ,
705 "

701

. , , 299-300.
. -, "
", 93.
703
. , " ", 61.
704
" ." . 1912, 696.
705
" , . ." Ibid.
702

181

."706 , ,
.707
,
, . , ,
, ,
, ,
.
,
.708
, ( )
,
.709 ,

,
710 , ,
.711

.
,

706

Ibid. ,
. , , .
, : "
." Ibid., 700.
, , ,
"" .
707
" , .
, . , ,
, ." Ibid.
708
. 1912, 687-688.
709
"... ,
, ,
. , ." Ibid.
710
.
711
"
. ,
, , ." . 1912, 687.
. , " ", 28-30.

182

 , .712 ,
,
,
.
1353. ,
,

.713 , ,
714, .
, ,

, " "
. ,
,
.

. "

.
.
,
."715
. , ,

.
,

" , , ,
, , , , , , ." . 1912,
696.
713
" ." . 1912, 704.
714
" , (sic!)
712

." Ibid.
715
. , " ", 60.

183

 () , ,

.716 , , ,
.
" ",
.717
. , ,
, ,


.
( , , , )
, .

,
. , ,
,
.718
"" "" ,
" ", ""
.719


; ,
.
, : "
8-9 104

716

. , , 272-273.
. , , 273.
. 2007,
255-266, 259 264-265.
718
. , , 273-274 .
719
. , , 276.
717

184

."720
, ,

.721 ,
.722
,
,
.
(
) ,
723,


30 , 22,5 724 22,5
. 36 , 27 ,
.725
, , ,
7,5 9 ,
. ,
:

.726 , (
), ( )
,
720

. , , 306.
. , , 300.
722
. , , 310 .
723
, : ,
, . ,
:
, , .
724
82 , 62 . .
, , 261. ,
60 , -
(cubulus), . . 1968,
239-336 488-491.
725
. , , 311.
726
. , , 311-315.
721

185

 ,
. ,
(

),
, ,
.727
,
( )
.
,
--
. ,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.728
727

. , , 317. , ,
68,
,
. . 2007, 284-287.
728
: "...

. .
, .
, .
.
, . , 68. . (sic)
, ,
." . , , 318. ,
:
, ; ,
,

; ,
. ( , "
", , 4/2005, 61-62.) ,

186

 , ,
, . ,
, ,
" "
. ,
, .729
,
, .
,
, , , 730
. ,
,


,
. , , ,

.731 , 68. 732,

. , ,
; , ,
, ,
139. 171,
.
729
. 1996, 93.
730
(
, , ,
) .
731

, ( ) .

; ,
, . . 1996, 96.
732
, "-"
, , , 198.
. ,
. , , ,
. , ,
( ), , 68.
,
. . , :
, 1937, 83-89.

187

 , " ,
,
."733 ,
,

.
,
,
. ,
,
,
, .734
, , ,
.
,
,
. , ,
. 735 ,

. ,
,


.
, ( - )
,

733

. . 1937, 83-84.
.
735
. , , 318-319. , ( 198
), 1956, 15-16, ,
" ", :
, 1969, 90-91, . , " ", 160,
, "" . , . , 234-235 Mark C. Bartusis, "Zeugarion"
Alexander P. Kazhdan (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, volume 3, New York Oxford 1991,
2225.
734

188

 capitatio-iugatio.736

,
,
, ,
, iugum- , ,
, ,
.737 , ( )
VII ,
,

,
. ,
,

.
"
",
,
, . 738


,

, , ,
.
,
; , , ,
739, .
736

. , , 319.
Ibid. . 1969, 61-62, Nicolas
Oikonomides, "Capitatio-jugatio" A. P. Kazhdan 1991, volume 1, 377-378.
738
. , , 319-320.
739
, , .
737

189



,
.
: " ;
, ."740
64. ,
: " , ."741
,

64, .
,
, , ,
, , ,
. , , .
( , ,
; , , ,
, , ,
,
.) ,
, .
, ,
. , ,
,
, ,
. ,
, .
, . ,
,

740
741

. 1912, 627.
. 1898, 52.

190

 , ,
.742
, ,
, .
,
, " ". ,
, ( , ,
),
.743 ,
,
, , , .
, , ,
, ,
, ,
, . , ,
, " ".
,
, ,
" ."744

742

, ( , )

, ,
, 64. . ,
,
.
743
XIV , ( ) .
. 1923, 185, . , "
", , 40/1979, 22-24, .
2007, 187 . , , 277. ,
(
, ) :
, , . . 2007, 190-192.
744
. , , 277. ,
, . (

. 2007, 187-188.) , ,
,
, , , ()
. . .
2006, 208-209, . 2002, 96-102 . 1923, 175.

191

, .
,
. ,
( ), ,
.745
,
, ,
.
.
, ,
" ",
,
.746 ,
,
,
. , ,
" ,
",

.747
,

748,

.
, ,
,
745

. , , 137-138 .
. , , 147.
747
Ibid., 148. , 1680 2.
, "", . , . , 396.
748
,
, , 31. 65.
, .
. . 2007, 188-190.
746

192

 , . ,
" "
. 31. ,
. : "
; , ;
; - ,
."749

?
, ,
; . ,
, -:
,
(, ) ,
. ,
,

? , , ?
,
,

, ,
,
, ?

, , .
" "
750
749

. 1898, 29.
,
" , ." . 1898, 164.
,
750

193

 , 64. . ,

; , ,
( ),
,
, ,
.

. ( , ,
; ,

.)
,
()
,
(, , )
. ,
,
,
, ,

.
, .
, ,

, ()
.751
, "
, ,
, ." . 1996, 153.
: . . 1980, 197.
751
,
. ,

, .

194


(
) ,
.752
, ,

.753
, ,
"
?"754 , "
,
."755
""756,
, ,
. ,
,
752

,
, ,
. , " .
", , 16/1871,
66-75 . 1923, 12-13.
753
. 1995, 42-43.
754
, " ?", ,
56/1997, 19-58.
755
. 1997, 19. ,
,
.
,
.
. , "". ,
,
,
. ( : "
,
," "
." Ibid., 228, 229.) , ,
, ,
" ,
,
." . 1997, 20.
756
. 1997, 22-23. Franz Miklosich, Etimologisches
Wrterbuch der slavischen Sprachen, Wien 1886, 274-275.
, , . -
. , 1924, 66.

195

757,

.758

,
: ,
, , 759;
760;
" ", 761;
(, , ) 762.
, ,
.
,

,

, .763
"
,

," .764 ,

757

,

.
758
. 1997, 24. , , "
, ,
, ()
", , , "
."
. , "", 228.
759
. 1997, 25-27.
760
Ibid., 27-28, 37-40. " (, ),
[...] , , ,
. [...] , , ,
." Ibid., 27.
761
Ibid., 44, 46-7. , ,
,
( ) ,

.
762
Ibid., 43-46. " ", , ,
, 1-4/2002-2003, 21-22.
763
. 1997, 28-32.
764
Ibid., 32.

196

 .765
:
,
,
.766

1369.
.767
765

" , ,
, ."
Ibid.
766
.
, , (
, ) ,
. ,
. . ,
, 1941, 44-46. , ,
. , " ",
, 4-5/2002-2003, 111. "
." . , "
...", 50.
767

" ". . . . ,
278. , , ,
( "" ibid.,
274), " ",
" ,
." . 1997, 35.

, "
' '
." Ibid. , "

." Ibid., 36.
,
? ,
, ,

. (,

, ,
?)
, , ,
: "
,
.
,
, , ,
." Ibid. ,
, , "

197

 ,
,
, .
44,
768 : " , ,
, ."769
, ,
, 770,
, . ,
46, : "
, ; , ,
, - , ."771 , ,
, ,
,
, . 772
". . 1965, 86, 21.
; , XIV
, 1994, 84-85.
768
, ,
. , "
." .
1996, 115. ,
( 68. 139. ), ,
. Ibid.
769
. 1898, 39-40.
770

, "
",
. , (
,
), " XIV
, ", ,
,
. .. 1980, 211.
: . 1996, 116.
771
. 1898, 41.
772
,
, ,
. ,
: "
, :
( ),

198


. 72, ()

: " , ,
."773 21,
: " ,
."774 ,
, , ,
.775

, (
'')." . . 1980, 212. ,
,
, . Ibid., 213.
46. : "- , ." ,


?
( , ) , ? ,
,
. ,
,
. ,
. ,
-,
; , .
773
. 1898, 58.
. ", , ,
, .
.
, ." Ibid.,
190.
774
. 1898, 24. , , "
" " " "" "",
.
775
,
,
. . . 1980, 188-189.
,

.
, ; ,
, . ,
. ,
(
""),
, .

199

 103, , .
" , ;
, , , , , ."776
, ,

,

777, .

:
, (
21. , a
contrario , ,
), , .
,
. ,
, ,
.
, ,
, ,
778
,
.779
776

. 1898, 79.
"" , ,
, ,
.
778
. 1960, 100-101.
779

. ,
,
, : " ,
. , , ,
." . 2006, 200.
, ,
(
) , . ,
777

200

 67. , , :
" , ,
; , - ."780
, , ,

,
.781
, .
,
,
( )
.782
, 783,
68,

,
, ,
.
780
. 1898, 55. " ,
,
. ;
,
, , ." Ibid., 187.
781
,
.
, , "
, ". , "
", :
3. 2000, 650 , , 2005, 11.
(, , ,
; ibid., 10-12.) , ,
. ,
, ,
, ,
. , ,
,
67, .
72, , ,
. .
1996, 120-121 . . 1980, 235-236. , "
, , quod plerumque fit, . 72.
." . 1996, 121.
782
. 1996, 104-105 118-119.
783
N. Oikonomides, 1031, Rosemary Morris, Monks and Laymen in Byzantium, 843-1118,
Cambridge 2002, 243 A. Harvey, XIV 63-64.

201

 .784 ,

" ",
.785

-
: " ."786
,
,
" ",
. 787
(


), . , ,

,
,
.
, de facto
, " ,
."788 ,
, 1300.
789 , 1334. 1346. ,

784

. . 1980, 229.
Ibid., 228.
786
- ; . 1912, 361.
787
. . 1941, 37-38.
788
. 1996, 118.
789
, ,
. . 1912, 392.
(
, , )
-
.
785

202

. ,
, ?
790
: " $ ,
$ , , $
, ..."791 ,
. ,
,
,
.792 "
, , "793,

.
1302. : "
$ $ , $ , $ $,
$ ."794 .795
790

,
: " ." . 1912, 361.
. . 1997, 25.
791
. , . , . , 127.
792

,
( )
, ,
, .
,
, "
." . 1996, 119. , ,
,
.
793
. 1997, 27.
794
. , . , . , 345. . 1912, 162.
795
, , ,
,
: " $ , ; , (sic) (sic)
$, ." . , . , . , 345.
,
, . . .
1928, 146. , , "
,

203

 ,


,
, , ?
, ,
, ,
, , . 796
. "
, ,
, . ,
."797
, , :
,
, . , , ,
, . ,
,
.

,
, , . ,
, ,

. ,
,
.

". . 1997, 56, 120. , ,

, "
(sic!) , ,
, ." . . 2002, 175.
796
. 1997, 56.
797
. 1912, 650.

204

 ,
, : "
, ."798
, , ,
. ,
.
,
.
,
,
, .
,
.

. ,
, : ""
", ". "
" " ", "
" " ".799 , ,
. ,

, . ,

. , , , " ,
,
."800

798

. 1912, 650.
. 1912, 650 (.), ,
1976, 46 271. ,
, " [...] ."
ibid., 51.
800
. 1997, 48.
799

205

 , 1332. ,
, "
" : "
, , ,
, ,
, ,
, , ."801
( ,
) ,
.
, .
,
.802

,
.
, , : " ,
."803 ,
" $, $",
(, ) "
$" .804 ,


. , ,
801

. 1912, 402.
" , ,
..." ,
" ", , XI/1982, 104, . 3.
. 1997, 44.
803
. -, "
", 73.
804
Ibid.
802

206

 ,
67. .
,
.
,
805,
( ) ,
. 806 ,
, : ,
,
, 807,
,
. ,
,
. , ,
, .
,
. ,

-
, ,
.
, ,
- ' '
,
,
.
,
805

, , ,
.
806
. -, "
", 73. , ,
, . .
, 195.
807
. , , 300.

207

 , ,
.
,
.

, , , ,
, .808
,

.
,
, ,
.

.
, ,
,

.
, .
;
,

,
,
. ,
,
.
,
- ,
.
808

. 2007, 282.

208

 ,
, ,
. , ,
.

() ,

.

, (
) . ,
, ,
,
.809
. ,
,
, mutatis mutandis, ,
.

, 197, :
" , : 100 ,
100 ."810
;
.

, :

809
810

. . 1937, 33-34.
. 1898, 145.

209


.811
, 812
813
, .
.

. , ,
"1) , 2)
, 3) ,
; ."814 ,

; , , "
,
."815 , ( ,
816) ,

811

, 1355.
, : " ,
, , ." . 1912, 719.
,
, . Ibid., 720. ,
, ,
,
. ( . , 61-62.) ,
,

,
, .
812
, herbaticum. . . 1980, 332.
() ; , "
(XIII XIV )", , 2-3/1966, 6, . 10.
813
ibid., 87-88;
.
814
, " ",
, 1 (. ), , , 1959, 193.
815
Ibid. ,
, . ,
, , ,
. , , 1965, 29-30 .
D. Obolensky, 206.
816
, " ",
, 75-76/2007, 14 .

210

 ,
.817
, ,
, ,
,
. , ,
: " ,
." 818
, , , .
, , .
, ,
? ,
,

,
? , , , 32.
" , ."819
,
, .
, 197.
:
, .
"
,
."820 ,
" , ."821
817

. . , 45-46 50-58.
( ) .
818
. 1912, 697.
819
. 1898, 30.
820
. 1898, 264.
821
. 1912, 618. . 1966, 8-15.

211

 ,
, , . ,
:
. , ,
.822 , ,
.823
, . ,
,
,
. ,
,
, ,
. ,

.
, ,
.824
, ,

.825
, .
,
, .
, ,
, : "
."826
. , ,
" , ." . 1912,
618.
823
" , ." Ibid.
824
, , .
825
, " ",
, 3/2010, 40.
826
. 1912, 619.
822

212

 ,
. ,
,
.
, ,
, ,

.
, :
.
, (. ,
827),
,
, ,
. ,
.
: " ,
."828 ,
829, , ,

,
,

, .

,
. ,
(. ,
, ...) ,
827

, .
. 1912, 681.
829
.
.
828

213

. , ( ,
, ), (
)
,
.830 , ,
,
, ,
,
.831
, . ,

, .
""
, ,
,
: " [...]
, , ; ,
."832 , ,
, ,
; , ,
,
. ,
, ,
, ,
,
,
. ,

830

. 1912, 617-618. .
" ,
, . ,
831

." Ibid., 618.

832
Ibid., 647.

214

 ,
.
,
.


, .
,
, .
, -
1337. , .833 ,
, ,
: " (sic!) ,
, , ."834
: "
, , ."835
,
, : "
, ;
, , ."836
, , ,
,
, " "
.

833

ibid., 667 670.

Ibid., 670. , , ,
, . . 1966, 86.
835
. 1912, 671.
836
. 1912, 694. ,
: " , , ,
, , ,
." Ibid., 699.
834

215

 " "
" , ,
,
. ."837

,
.
1353.
, : "
,
; ."838 , ,
,

.839 , , .

. ,

.
""
: .
, ,
( , ,
),
,
.840 ,
, ,
837

. 1912, 700-701.
, . ibid., 701
838
. 1912, 703.
839
, ,
, .
840
,
.

216

 : "
,
, ."841 (
,
.) ,

,
.842
.
,
, 843:
, ,
,
.
,
, ,
. ,
:

, .
,
(
844,

841

. 1965, 25.
.
( ), . ,
, .
, , , .
843
, , " ,
,
(sic!) .
, (sic!)
." . 1966, 89.
844
, , 32; , ,
, 22, 94. 146. ,
,
.
842

217

 845,
),
, , ()
.846
,
,
,
.

197. ,
,
, ,
.
,
.

,
, :
. : " :
- ."847

,

,
. , ,
, ,

845

77. 82. ; . 1898, 62 65.

. (. 1912, 628-629.) .
. 1996, 108-114 , "
''", , 74/2008, 297-299.
847
127. ; . 1898, 97.
846

218

 .848 ,
, ,
. , , "

, , ." 849
,
: " , ."850 , ,
851,
, .
, , ,
,
,
.

, ,
, ,
(, ),
. ,
. 852
,
, ,

848

, " , ,
,
." . 1996, 122. : " ,
, , ,
, .
. [] ,
, ,
, ." , "
", , 43/2006, 190.
849
. 2006, 207.
850
. 1912, 625.
851
.
852
, (
, , )
,
. 124. 176.
. 1898, 95 137-138.

219

 .853 ,
.
,
,

,
. , ,
()
, (
),
, ! ,
,
. ,
,
( ,
)
,
.854 ,
853

( ), .
" ,
'', , ,
." ,
, , 1950, 5. (
. 845) " ,
, .
, ..."
(.),
, 2010, 11. , , , (
,
, )
" " "
." Ibid., 13.

. . ,
,
, 2012, 57-61.
854
() ,
.
Nikolas Bakirtzis, "The practice, perception and experience of Byzantine fortification", The
Byzantine World (ed. by Paul Stephenson), Abingdon 2010, 355. , , XI
, , ,
( ) (

220

 ,

. ,
.
, :

.
855
: ,
. :
( , ,
856)
.857
, ,
.858
:
, .

, ,
.859
) :
. Alan Harvey, Economic Expansion in the Byzantine Empire
900-1200, Cambridge 1989, 109 Nicolas Oikonomides, "The Role of the Byzantine State in the
Economy", The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century (ed. by
Angeliki E. Laiou), Washington D.C. 2002, 1000.
S. Trojanos, "Kastroktisia: Einige Bermerkungen ber die finanziellen
Grundlagen des Festungsbaues im byzantinischen Reich", Byzantina 1/1969, 41-57, 45-56.
855
.
856
. 1996, 126.
857
, 127.
, ,
. ,
,

. , ,
,
,
.
858
, .
859
: " [ . . .]
. [...]

221

 . "
, ,
,
, (sic!)
," .860

: " , ;
."861 ,
,
, , .

,
.
127.
:
,
.
. , 127. ,
"" ,
,
a priori ,
() , . , ,


.
,
. , ,
; ,
, , ,
'' ." .
2007, 297.
860
. . 1937, 101.
861
. 1912, 698.

222


, , ,
, , .
.
,
,
. ,

, ,
, .

( )
dominium eminens,
dominium directum dominium utile .
,
,
. ,
, 862: ,
.
,
, ,

.863 dominium
directum dominium utile,
864,
. ,

. ,

862

. 1996, 85-88.
; . . 1898,
173 2002, 102-103 .
864
. 1996, 88 598-599.
863

223

 differentia specifica
, genus proximum
,
.
(
) 865,
.866 , ,

, , ,
. , ,
( ),

,
.867 ,

.
,
( )
. ,
, ,
, ,
.868

865

. 1996, 608-622.
, :
,
, .
866

. , 212, 2. : "
, , ."
. (.), ,
, 1939, 118. ,
18 1931, 1936, 1.
867
. 1996, 47-62 84-108.
868
F. Miklosich 1886, 8, , , : , 1863, 30-31, Vladimir Maurani, Prinosi za hrvatski pravno-povjestni rjenik, svjezak I,
Zagreb 1908, 45-48, Petar Skok, Etimologijski rjenik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika, knjiga prva: A-J,

224


, ,
, .869

: "
. ,
, ,
,
. ,
,
."870
,

871,
, ,

. ,
, ,
, ,
.
,
: " ,
JAZU, Zagreb 1971, 120 (.), , 2: , , 2006, 282-284.
869
, :
, , 1951;
127-151. , ,
.
870
. 1912, 614-615; . , . , . , 324.
871
, (
) ,
,
;
,
.

225


."872 , ,
.
,
873, : "
, ,
."874 ,
.
,
. , ,
, :
" : , ,
, , ,
, , ,
."875
, , , . 876
(" ")
;

,
.

872

. 1912, 615.
" , .
, $ (sic) ,
873

(sic) .I. ." . , . , . , 324.

.
874
. , . , . , 324; . 1912, 615.
875
. , . , . , 464.
876
.: " , ;" "...
," "... ,
, ." . , . , . , 463464.

226


: " $
$ $ $ $ $
$ , $$ ,
, , $
, , $ , $
$ ..."877 ,
,
, ( ,
), (
, , ) . 878

: " ,
, :
, ,
."879
,
,
.

, .
,
: " ,
} ..."880
,

877

. , . , . , 452.

.
879
. 1912, 647.
880
. 1912, 297-298.
878

227

 ,
, .
, ,
, ,
. , : "
,
..."881
, .882
28. 1343. : "
, ,
(...) ..."883
,

.884

: " (...) - ,
, ," :
" ,
881

. 1912, 648.
" (...)
, , ,
, ..." . . 1912, 653-654.
: " , , ,

882

, , , ;
,
, , ,"
: " , ,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
." . 1912, 654.
883
. 1912, 410.
884
.

228

 ,
."885 , ,

.
: " ,
, (...) ,
."886
1348.
, ""
. , ,
..887, .
" ", "
", " "888 " "889.
" , ",

, .890 ,

. ,
,
. ,
(
1343. ) ,
.891 ,

885

. 1912, 678. , .
. 1912, 679-680.
887
. 1912, 420-423.
888
. 1912, 421.
889
. 1912, 423.
890
. 1996, 602.
891
. 2002, 122-125.
, ,
, ,
" ". .
1996, 604.
886

229

 , .
12.
1349. . : " ,
, , , ,
, ..."892 : "
..."893

,
.894
, . ,
.
: "
,
,"895
: "

892
893

- 1912, 506.
"... , , , , ,

, , , , , ,
, ." . 1912, 508.
894
, : " ,
, (...)
..." . 1912, 689.
: " , ,
." Ibid., 695. "
, (...)
, , , ,
." Ibid., 696. : "
." Ibid., 700. :
" ,
..." Ibid., 701.
895
. 1912, 696.

230

 , , ."896
,
: "
, ,
."897 ,
,

.
,

: "
, ,
."898
40,
, ,
: " ,
, , - , -
; , ,

896

. 1912, 691. ,

; : "
: ,
,
,
,

."
,
, , , "
". . 1912, 690.
897
. 1912, 691.
898
. 1912, 655.

231

 ."899
, exempli causa,
,
. , ,

, ,
, ,
.
" , ,
."900 .
,
; , ,

,
, . ,
,
: " (...),
, .
; (" "),
, . ."901 , "
"

. ,
, , ,
.
, ,
. ,
40.

899

. 1898, 36.
. . 1980, 206. , .
901
. . 1980, 206.
900

232


.
59, ,
: "
' ; ' '
; , ."902 ,
,
.
, , , "
",
903
, "
,
."904 ,
.
, , :

, , ,
.905 , ,
906, :
902

. 1898, 50.
, ,
, ,
.
904
. 1898, 183.
, : .
2002, 183-184.
905
. 1996, 64-65. , , ,
. . . 1980, 222-223.
906
, ,
. "
, , ," .
. 1898, 183. , ,
, . (
" ", .) . 1996,
64. , ,
, , "
." . . 1980, 223.
,
903

233


, , .
174, ()
, : " ,
; ,
, - ; -
; -
- ."907 ,


, 908;
, ,
, .909 ,
: ,
,
. : , ()
,
, ,
. , , .
,
,
.
,
, , a priori .
, ,
, ?
. ,
, ,
,
. , ,
,

, .
907
. 1898, 136.
908
,
. . 1996, 618-621.
909
,
, . , ,
: ,
,
. "
, ' ',
." . 1996, 621-622. , , :
, ,

234



,
.910
, 67. ,
.
, : "
, , ;
, - ."911

,
,
;
,
.912
: " (, )
() ,
,
.913

67.
,
,

( );
,
, , , .
910
() ,
, : " , , .
, ,
, , , ,
, ,
..." . 2002, 184.
911
. 1898, 55.
912
. 2002, 120-128, 124-125.
913
. 2002, 124.

235

 .914

. ,
,
,
,


. ,

, " . 87. .
."915
,
, " ",
,
, ,
68,
.916

, ,
. , ()
,
,

. 68.

,
; ,
.

914

. 1996, 606-607.
. 1996, 604-606.
916
. . 1980, 229. 68. . 1898, 55-56.
915

236

 , , ?
, ,


. , , ,
.
( )
, (,
, ) 917,
.
,
, 67. ,
,
, .
, ,
.
,
, ,
.
, ,
,
,
.
(
), ,
,
. , ,
, -,
, ( ) . ,
,
.
917

237


,
.
,
,

. , ,
, ,
.


.
, ,
. ,

(" , ,
, "), : "
,
,
."918 ,
. , , 43.
,

: " , ,
, , ,

918

. 1912, 683-684. ,
: "
, ,
." Ibid., 686. . 1996, 601.

238

."919


, ''
. ,
,
.
,
.
,
,


.
, ,
,
. , .
,
,
.
(
, ), , .
,
, ,

, . ,

.
,

919

. 1898, 39.

239


.

: " ,
, , , , , , ,
, $
, ,
: ,
. , , ,
, , , , , ..
."920
,
,
.921
: "

, ."922

, ,
.

.
, "

920

. , . , . , 321-322; . 1912, 612.

, : "
, (...) ,
." . , . , . , 327.
921
, ,
, .
922
. 1912, 641.

240

 , (sic)
. , i
, ."923
,
,
.
,

, ,
. ,

,
, ,
, ,
,
.924 ,

, .

: " :
923

. , . , . , 333; . 1912, 392. ,

, "
.. ". . , . , . , 333.
924
. 1996, 560-561 630-631. ,
( )
" ",
: " , .
, . , ,
. ,
, , , , ,
. , .
." Ibid. ,
, ,
? ,
, ,
.
, , ,
. Ibid., 632.

241

 ,
,
."925 ,
.926 , ,
,
.
( ),
,
(

, ), , ,
.
174. : "
, ..."927

, ,
.
; , .
,
,
, ,
.
(
,
),
,
925

. 1912, 678.
,
, , .
. , 189-191 , , : -,
1863, 450. , , .
-, "" . . , 583-584.
927
. 1898, 136.
926

242


, .

( , , )
,
,
.
,
, ,
,
,
: ,
, ;
, , , ,
.928

(, , , ),
,
" ,
."929
( )
930,
"
, ,
."931
,
:
. ,

928

. , 177-193.
. 1996, 564.
930
Ibid., 564-565.
931
Ibid., 566.
929

243

 . (
,
),

, ,
. , ,


, ( )
"
, ,
."932 ,
: ,
.
, ,
(
), .
,
,

- ,
. ,

,
.
, , , ,
, ,
. 44. 46.
, .
932

. 1996, 566.

244

 : " , ,
, ."933
, : " ,
; , , , -
, ."934
935, "
."936
.937
, ,
,
. , "
'', . , '',
. ."938 .
(
),

( ), .
31,
("
..."939) 45,
(" , ;
, , -
; ..."940),

933

. 1898, 39.
. 1898, 41.
935
Ibid., 174 176.
936
. 1996, 603.
937
. . 1980, 211.
938
. 1996, 603.
939
" ", (
934

) " ". . 1898, 29-30.

940
. 1898, 40.

245

 . ,
, 65,
31. ,
: "... , ,
."941
, , ,
,
;
, ,
. ,
, (
), , ,

, , ,
. , ,
,

.

, ,
,
.
,

(. ),

941

. 1898, 53. ,
( . 1996, 603),
.

246


. ,
(
)
. , :
, (
) , ,
,
.
,
,
.
,
, ,
. ,

,
. , ,

, ,
,

.

, ,
, .

,
, , .

,
,

247

 ,
.
,
,
,

.


. ,
: , , (),
(, ), 942,
, :
,
,
.943 : " ,

, ,
, . ,
."944
,
, .

942

, , ,
, ,
. (
, ), ,
.
. 1996, 418-423.
943
79 " 37
." . 1996, 403.
944
. 1996, 363.
, , (
, ),
, , ,
. Ibid., 363-365.

248

 , ()
, (
945),
. , , 946,
.
,
947;
, ,
. ,
.
,
,
,

154. : " - , -
- - ; -
; - ;
." . 1898, 120-121. ,
" "

. ( .
1996, 531.)
946
, ,
, (
), , , "
". . 1996, 412-413. ,

() , " ,
, ."
Ibid., 414. , (
) , ,
( )
.
( - ) ,
. ,
. ,
,
, , , .
, " ( )"
, (.), , 2010, 97.
, ,
ad hoc ,
.
947

" ". . 1996, 427-430.
945

249

 .948
. , 30. : "
; ,
..."949 ,
, , , , ,
. ,

,
.
-
,
: (
) . , , ,
,
: ,
,
.950

. ,

. , , ,
948

. 1922, 28-29 31-45.

. 1898, 28-29.
950
, (, , ),
. Vladimir Maurani, Prinosi za hrvatski pravnopovjestni rjenik, svjezak II, Zagreb 1909, 251, . . 1979, 24-25, , "" .
, . , 160-161, . 2010, 175. , ,
: "
949

..." . 1912, 694. .

1996, 555-556. : . 1863,
49, V. Maurani 1908, 65-66 P. Skok 1971, 166-167. ,

() . , , , pecunia,
( ) , ,
. Adolph Berger, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law, New York
1953, 624-625.

250

 .
( ) ;
, ,
, .
, ,
,
. "
, , ,
, ,
, ,
," .951

.
,
56. : "...
,
."952 ,
953
.
,
,
: " ;
, ; - ;

951

. 1996, 394. , ,
,

. ,
,
,
.
952
. 1898, 48.
953

.

251

 ; ."954
,
''

.955
, , ,
. ,
.


, " , ".956 , ,
,
.
,
, .
, ,
.
( )
1242. : " ,
, ,
."957,
1300, .958
,
954

76. ; . 1898, 61.

"- - ", ,
.
955
(, ) .
. 1898, 61.
956
. 1912, 617.
957
. 1912, 578.
958
.

252

 .
,
.959 ,

, .

, ,

.
:
" ; ."960
" ,
, 3 6 ."961 ,


.
. ,
962
. ,

,
. ,

. ,

,

959

.
. 1912, 619.
961
. . 1925, 21. .
XIV XV ,
9-10 . , (
)
; ,
.
962
.
960

253

 ,
.
,
, .
I
"
, , ,
."963 ,
,
, , .

: , ,
,
, ,
.964
, ,
, , ,
.

. ,
, ,
.965
,

963

. , . , . , 230, . 1912, 596.

.
. 1996, 396-397,
.
965
, "" . , . , 106-107 . 1863, 154.
. Wadysaw
Namysowski, "Serbskie prawo karne w wiekach rednich", Czasopsmo pravnicze i ekonomiczne, 1012/1923, 56.
964

254

 . ,
.
,
966,
, "
"
. ,
, ,
;
.967
" , ;
,
,
";

, , " ",
.968 , ,
,
,
, .969

XIX XX .970
, ,
971,

966

, " , -
", Rad Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti, 6/1869, 1-7.
967
Ibid., 7. " , ,
," .
968
Ibid., 11.
969
Ibid., 11-12.
970
, , Franz
Miklosich, Die Blutrache bei den Slaven, Wien 1887, 14-39, Milenko R. Wesnitsch, Die
Blutrache bei den Sdslaven: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Strafrechts, Stuttgart 1889, 16-39
. 1924, 90-97.
971
. R. Wesnitsch 1889, 31 .

255

 .972

973,
, ,
,
, .974 ,
.975
, ,

, .976 ,
: ,

.977 ,
, "Shnegeld" ,
.978 (Namysowski)

( )
.979

. ,

,
() ,
"
, ,

972

"Blutshne wie auch Blutrache". Ibid., 33. ,

,
.
973
Ibid., 32-33.
974
Ibid., 34-35.
975
. 1996, 353-354.
976
Svetislav Djoritsch, "Verbrechen und Strafen im Gesetzbuche des serbischen Zaren St. Duan",
Zeitschrift fr vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, 30/1913, 362-364.
977
Ibid., 364-365 . F. Miklosich 1887, 11-13.
978
. Djoritsch 1913, 395.
979
W. Namysowski, 57.

256

 ."980 , ,
,
,
.981

. , "
,
, , ."982
.
, . 983
,
, ,
.984
,
,
.985 ,
,
XIII , ,
.986

980

. 1923, 159.
,
. ,

,
.
981
. 1996, 356-357.
982
. 1996, 346.
983
. 2006, 188.
984
;
, , wrg, sovranik. Vrada
. , ,
, . F. Miklosich 1866, 395,
Vladimir Maurani, Prinosi za hrvatski pravno-povjestni rjenik, svjezak X, Zagreb 1922, 1598-1599
1602-1604.
985
, , ( )
. Ibid., 347. , ,
,
. Ibid., 348-349.
986
Ibid., 357-360.

257

( 987)
, "
,
. ,
,
."988
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
. ,
: ,
.
. ,
500 989, ,

,
.990
" " ,
.991 "

"992 .
( ,
987

.
. 1996, 361.
989
( ),

( ) . ( 198. .
1898, 146.) , , 82 , 62
. , " :
", , ,
11/2001, 32-33 . 2004, 261.
990
Liber statutorum Civitatis Ragusii, liber VIII, capitulus LVIII: De pena vrasde LIX: De
iusticia facienda de illis qui occiderint Sclavos et Tenor literarum domini ducis Veneciarum super pena
vrasde; , (.), Liber statutorum
Civitatis Ragusii , 2002, 466-470.
991
, " ",
. . , 98.
992
. , 14.
988

258

 ) , ,
, (ntiqua consuetudo) .993

,
.
,
,
.
"
"994
, .

: " ,
, ."995
,
. ,
, , ,
( , ),
.996
993

,
,
, : "
( . .) ..." . 1994, 162, 17.
, , ,
, .
994
. , 107.
995
. 1912, 617.
996
, " ",
, 7/1932, 347-351 ,
" : ",
42/1932, 22-33, 29-33.
,
,
, . (

. ibid.,
32-33.) ,
;

259

 () ,
, .997

,
.998

.
,

.999 , ,
,

() ,
.1000
,
( ,
1001 ) ,

, . ,
1002, ,
,
.
, " ",
17/1976, 114-115.
997
.
998
" , (...).
, ,
." . . 1932, 31.
999
,
1346. , 14,
, ,
1347. , 1. . . . , 48-51, 60-61, 68-69, 90-91,
100-101, 120-121.
1000
. . 1932, 30-31.
1001
.
1002
. . Djoritsch 1913, 400, . . 1932, 345-346, 1932, 29, , 1980,
248-249 256, . 1996, 409-412 414-418, . 2000, 144-145
, " ", 650
, 2000, 372-373.
.

260

 500
, 300 1000
, ,
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.
,
1000 154.
.1004
, ;
,

.
, ,
1005, ,
.1006
" ." 1007
,
,
.
,
, ,

1003

. 2002, 65-66.
"... - ..." . 1898, 121.
. 1996, 400.
1005
,
, . ( 86-87. 94-96.
103. 183. .) ,
, .
1006
,
. 20. : "
, ; - , ; -
1004

, ." . 1898, 23. . Djoritsch 1913, 395-398.

1007
. 2002, 65.

261

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; ."1009
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1008

. 1898, 75.
Ibid.
1010
. 1912, 628.
1011
" ." . 1912, 636.
1012
. , "" . , .
, 441-444. . , 36-42.
1013
. , " ", 62. . Jireek 1900, 164.
1009

262

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1014

Ibid. , " ,
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XIII XIV ." ,
,
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1015
. . 1980, 256.
1016
. 1863, 398 . . 1980, 238.
"[], , ", "[] ,
, ". . 1898, 192. , ,
, " ". . , 379.
1017
. . 1980, 238. .
1965, 65-67, . , , 1952, 7-16
38-42, , " ",
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1018
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1019
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1020
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1061

. 1996, 467.
Ibid., 468.

277

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1063,

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, , 1896, 1-3, 64-65 7172, . 2002, 149-159, . 1996, 583-589, , "" .
, . , 202-204 , "
", , 124-126.
, XVI ,
E. A. Hammel, "The zadruga as process", y Peter Laslett and Richard Wall (ed.), Household and
Family in Past Time: Comparative studies in the size and structure of the domestic group over the last
three centuries in England, France, Serbia, Japan and colonial North America, with further materials
from Western Europe, Cambridge 1972, 335-362.
1063
: "
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, ." . 1912, 613.
,
.
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,
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278

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1064
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1065
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1066
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279


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. 1996, 405, . 1. : "
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1067
. 1912, 627.
1068
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1069
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280

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1072
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281

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. 1898, 82.
. 1898, 85.
1075
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1077
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. :
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1082
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1083

24. ; . 1898, 25.

50. ; ibid., 44.
1085
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1086
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1087
166. ; ibid., 131.
1088
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1115
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294

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142. ; . 1898, 109.

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1117
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1118
. 2001, 246-266.

295


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1120
. 1898, 135.
1121
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296

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145-147. . ( . 1898, 112-115.)
1123
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1124
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1125
. . 1980, 332.

297

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1980, 247.), , ( ,
XIII, XIV ...)
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1898, 198 . . 1980, 246-247. , ,
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P. Skok 1971, 83-84. , ,
, " " ,
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1349. 1354. ", , 25/2003, 143-161.

, -
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1127
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298

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1129
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1128

299

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300 .
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107. , : "
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300

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1141
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53. , . 1898, 46. ,
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. 1960, 104.
1142
, " ex silentio", , V:
, 2001, 66-67.
1143
, -30.
, ,
-15: " , , ."
(.), :
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1144
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. . . 1980, 217-218.
1145

192.
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1146


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306

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1147

. 1898, 43-44.
.
1149
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1150
. 1898, 47.
1151
Ibid.
1152
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1148

307

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: "
.
, , , 1423. . ,
." . . 1980, 215-216.
. , ,
,
? ,
, (,
, XIV XV
) ,
.

309

 . , ,
.
95. ,
100 .1154 , ,
100
( 1155),
,
,
.1156
,
.
,
.
,
, .
, ,
, : "
; - ."1157

, 1158,
", ,
', , ',
, , ,
1154

. 1898, 74.

,
, ,
.
1156
, ,
" ,
, . , ,
. ,
.
,
." . 1996, 452-453.
1157
. 1898, 75.
1158
. 1996, 375, 450-451
1155

310

 ."1159 ,
, . ,

,
,
,
! , ,

, ,
,
.
:
, ,
,

' '.
, ,
, , , .
, . "
, ,
(. . 94). , . 97.
, ,
, , . 97. ,"
.1160 , , ,
"
."1161
, .

.
1159

. . 1980, 256.
. 1996, 375.
1161
. . 1980, 256.
1160

311

,
. ,

, ,
, .
,
.

,
,
. ,

, .
,

.1162
: , ,
, .
,
,
. ,
, , ,
, ,
,
.
( ),
1162

. ,

, ?
.

312

 , .
,
,
.
, ,
.

. ,

,
,
. ,
.

;
, ,
,
. ,


.
,
,
,
. , ,
.
,
,

, .

,

313


. -
. 1163


( , ,
, ) .
, , ,

,
. (
)
, .1164 ,
,
.

,

1163

, ,

, . ,
, , . ,
, , ,
,
.
1164
,
. 71. (
) " , .
."
, .
. , , 1890, 40.
, -,


, . ,
" ",
( ),
. ,
, 1939. ,
, ,
. Ibid., 198-201, 214.

314

 .1165
: "
, ."1166
, "
,
,
"1167,
. ,
- ..1168 ,
1169, :
" ,
, , ,
,
. ,
, ,
,
."1170
,
, , ,
,
, .
, ,
XIX XX 1171,

,
() ,
1165

. 2002, 58-61.
Ibid., 59.
1167
Ibid., 60.
1168
Ibid., 60-73.
1169
ibid., 62 90.
1170
Ibid., 72-73. ,
,
( ) ,
. . 1996, 380-381.
1171
S. Djoritch 1910, 261-262.
1166

315

 ,
.
,
,
,
.1172 (
)
,

.1173

, ( )
.
"sploni znak neke
primitivne stopnje narodnega, socialnega in kulturnega razvoja."1174
,
, ,
: .
(
) 1175
. , ,
,
.1176

1172

Ibid., 266-267.
Ibid., 266.
1174
Metod Dolenc, "Kolektivna odgovornost za kazniva dejanja pa nae narodno pravo", Ljubljana,
, 4.
1175

() . . . 1996, 365-366
, " ",
1-3/1972, 169-171.
1176
. Dolenc, "Kolektivna odgovornost", 12-13.
. "Predmeti
kaznovanja so bile posamezne osobe, pa tudi "kue" in sela, primerno temu, kakor je bila odrejena
individualna ali kolektivna odgovornost,"
. Metod Dolenc, Duanov zakonik, Ljubljana 1925,
141. , ,
1173

316

 , .
,

. ,
,


. ,
, "dobilo naelo kolektivne
odgovornosti isto drugo lice, moderno pravno obliko."1177
:
, , , ,
,
, .1178
, 52. 71. 1179

(, , ),
,
,
.1180 ,
" ",
: 99. 100;
,

,
, . . ibid., 151-152.
1177
. Dolenc, ""Kolektivna odgovornost", 13.
1178
. 1996, 377-381.
1179
, , . 52. : "
i , , , 'i -i
, i , -i ; '-i i ;
." . 1898, 45. 71. : "
, ; ." Ibid., 58.
1180
. 1996, 378-379.

317

, ,
(, .) .1181
, , :
,
,
.1182
, 1183
. ,
, , ,
. 1184
,
1185,
" ,
."1186 ,
,
.1187

, ,

" ,
."1188

. "
, ,
100 , ,
," .1189 (

1181

Ibid., 379-381.
. . 1928, 145-148.
1183
, , .
1184
. , 167-169.
1185
. 1996, 553.
1186
Ibid., 554. .
1187
. 2008, 226-227.
1188
. 2000, 147.
1189
Ibid., 150.
1182

318

 )
, .
" "
,
(,
) ,
.
,
,
. 1190

, 1191; ,
, (
) .1192
, (
), ,
.
,
,
; , ,
, (
, )

1190

. 2011, 416-420. ( 99. 100.

), ( 199,
),
( 169.) ( 145-147.
149.); ,
inquisitio terrae generalis,
, ,
. . 1996, 458 . . 1980, 294.
1191
. 2011, 420-421.
( 92.),
( 126. 158.) ( 191.).
1192
. 2011, 421-423. (
20.), ( 58. 144.),
( 77.), ( 111.) ( 159.).

319

 .1193

,
.

,
.
1302. .
, : "
. , .
, ."1194 ,

, .
,
,
,
. ,
, .

, .

. , 1195


.1196

1193

Ibid., 423-426.
,
.
1194
. , . , . , 345.
1195

.
1196
. 1923, 45-48.
XIV ,

320


( ,
, , ), ,
, . 1197
, ,
,
,
,
.
1198,
,
, . ,
, ,
. , ,
: ,
.1199

,
,

. ,
,
, ,
( , ),
" ." Ibid., 48.
1197
", , , furtum, ignis, aqua, mala custodia
. vis maior
, "" ." , "
", , 2003, 704.
,
, XV ,

. ,
,
,
.
1198
, , ,
.
1199
,
.

321


.

. ,
,
, ,
.
:
, ,
, ,
. ,
, .
,
( ),
,
, . " $ ,
$ , $
; , ."

1200

: , ,
, , " ",
, , .1201
.

,
: ,

1200

. , . , . , 346.
,
,

, ,
. ( .) ,
.
,
.
1201

322

 .1202
,
, ,
,
.
, .
, :
,

. ,
. "
$ ", ,
.
, . Ratio

, , ,
,
,
.

.

, . ,
, , .1203

1202

. 2011, 416-424.
" ",
. , 1222.
1228. , 1228. 1205. . , ,
,
, . .
1929, 40. , , , .
, " ", ,
3/1955, 54-55. "",
, ( .
1971, 179, . 48),
1203

323

 : " .
, , ."1204
1205,
:
, ,
,
.

25. 1326. . "
, . ,
."1206 ,
. , ,
.
, ,
,
, . ,

.
,
, ,

.

. ,
, ,

,
, . . , . , . , 453-454.
1204
. , . , . , 454.
1205
,
191. . (" ,
; , , ." . 1898, 144.)
. 2011, 422.
1206
. 1912, 163.

324


- . :
" , : ,
,
. ,
; ,
."1207

. , ,

.

: ( ) ,
.
,
: ,
.1208 , ,
, .

,
. , 126. : "
; - ."1209 ,
: ""
. , ,
.
,
1207
1208

. 1912, 163-164.
" , , , ,

, ." . 1912, 164.

1209
. 1898, 97.

325

 , . ,
, ,
,
, .

;
, .
"",
( ''
),
, "" 1302.
. ,
,
dampnum.1210 , ,
, :

.1211
, , .1212
. ,
,
() , , , ,
, .1213
,
1210

: "Item quod omnes mercatores de

Ragusio cum eorum mercationibus et rebus per totam terram domini regis erunt salvi et securri et si
aliquod dapnum (sic) factum fuerit alicui mercatori illud casale quod erit proximus (sic) illi loco ubi
factum fuerit dampnum illud solvere debeat et si illud casale non solveret, dominus rex solvere debeat de
sua camera." . , . , . , 346.
( , ) damnum.
, , : -, , 1864, 337.
1211
,
Lex Aquilia de damno,

.
1212
, ,
, .
1213
" "
, ( )
. . 2011, 417.

326


.
,
, 158. : "
, - , ;
, - , , ,
, ."1214

. , ,
, , ,
. ''


,
. , , , ' '
.
.
,
, ,
. ,
.1215 99.
: " , , , ; -
; , - ."1216
1214

. 1898, 124.
, , : . 1996, 379-380.
1216
( ,
) , " i
1215

-i ." . 1898, 76-77.

. ( , , 7 . 1907, 262.)
, (
"" ""), ,
. : . .
1980, 257. , . 100 ( )
.

327

 100. : "
, , ."1217


(
)
. 1218 ,
, .
,
,
, ( )
,
. ,
.
92. . "
, ; ,
, ; ; ,
-."1219 ,
,
. 1220
:

. , ,
;

1217

. 1898, 77.
, ,
. . 2002, 60-61
. 1996, 379.
1219
. 1898, 72.
1220
,
, .
1218

328

 . , ,
. 1221
,
,
. 71. : "
, ;
."1222 ,

, .
, ,
,
. 52, , ,
71, -
, 1223 : "
, , , ' -
, , - ; -
; ."1224

, ( )
,
.
, 52.
.

1221

. 1898, 201-202, . 1996, 379, . . 1980, 252 .

2011, 418.
1222
. 1898, 58.
1223
, 71. .
, "
... ". . 1898, 190. , ,
" , ,
,
." . . 1980, 235.
1224
. 1898, 45.

329

, . 1225 ,
,
.

,
. ,
,
.
:


, ( )
.
()

, (
)
. ,

. ,
.
, ,
,


. 160. , ,
, : "
1225

" ,
, .
, ,
. ,
.
, , , ." .
, 378.

330

 , , ;
- , ;
, ,
, , ,
; ,
'- -
."1226

(, , )
,
.1227
,


. ,
, ,
, ,
.
,
, .
,


, .
, , ,

. ,

1226

. 1898, 125-126.
; .
1872, 68.
1227

331

 ,
,
.

,
, ,
, .
( )
1228,
. , ,
,

.
118, " " :
" , ,
; , ;
, , ."1229

1230,

1228

Constantin Jireek, Die Bedeutung von Ragusa in der Handelsgeschichte des Mittelalters, Wien
1899, 11-30.
1229
. 1898, 91. "",
"", "
sballare, . , (balla, )." . .
1980, 274.
1230
" - ,
." 119. , .
1898, 92.

332

 1231,
1232,
1233.

, ,
.
1234, ,

, "
."1235 ,
. ,
,

" , , ;
, ." 120. ,
. 1898, 92-93.
1232
" ; ,
." 121. , .
1898, 93.
1233
" , ; ,
." 122. , . 1898, 94.
1234

, , ,
. . 1872, 65-67.
1235
. 1996, 164. 120,
" ". "
[ , . . .],
(tiers tat),
, , ,
." Ibid. .
, , , ;
.
( )
, ,
, ,
.
,

. ,
. ""
,
, ,
,
.
1231

333


, ,
,
, .

27. 1186. .
: "Et quod secure Ragusei per totam terram
illorum nominatim portum Narenti mercando, laborando, pascendo et sua reposita
recipiendo et ligna incidendo pergant sine ullo contrario, secundum antiquam
consuetudinem et ut tollatur decima qua ex nouo super Raguseos posita fuit. Et ut uas
antiquum de uinieis tollatur per quas antea acceptum fuit. Et quod solidos nullo
unquam tempore super Raguseos querant aut accipiant sicut per uim retro tempore
acceperunt pro nulla culpa quorumlibet hominium. Item et Sclaui ut aput Ragusinum
sint salui et nullum malum sit eis a Raguse is per terram aut per mare, et nullam
captionem habeant sine iustitia"1236 ,
:
.
,
,
, ( ),
,
. , ,
, .
,
, 1190. 1194.
.1237 , ,
: " $ $
$ $ $$ $ $
$
1236

. , . , . , 47 . 1912, 133.
,
. . , . , .
, 63.
1237

334

 ."1238
,
( ),
. ,
,

. ,
,
.
, ,
. ,
""
,
, .
,
.
, ,
.

,
1214. 1217. .1239 " $ $
, , $$ ;
$ . $;
$ , $ , ,
."1240

1238

. , . , . , 64.
: "Az veli xupan nemana pustaiu Splechiani da si izlaze suobodno u moiu zemgliu i snami
rastachaiu u Humschu zemgliu i snami Vlacha u Zetu id a si ine suobodno choigod chupi a da ima ne
pacosi nichore bez praude na stoye prauda zarine da dayu a colico ima im kato ispacosi da se necaxe."
Ibid.
1239
. , . , . , 86.
1240
Ibid., 87. . 1912, 137.

335

 . ,
, () ,
.
,
(
),
.

.
,
4. 1234. .1241
, ,
, : "
,
, ,
,
, ."1242
, , ,

.
:
,

. ,
, , ,
" ": , ,
. , ,

. , ,
1241
1242

. , . , . , 129.
Ibid., 130.

336

, ,
. , ,
, ,


, ,
,
(
),
,
.

, , ,

,
.1243
,
I.
14. 1243. : "Et vestri mercatores et vestri
homines sani non disforciati ut veniant libere, stamdo eundo, comperamdo et vendemdo
per meam terram damdo illud quod est consuetude damdi. Et si aliquis vester concivis
vel de terra vestra de quocumque iniusto coram me quesierit iustitiam, ego faciam illam
sibi. Et ubicumque in quocumque loco in regno meo vel in alio aliquo loco ego ipse vel
mei homines qut meus exercitus invenerint vestros mercatores aut vestras causas in
meas scientia ut non sit eis molestia set ut salvemus eos a malo quantum possumus. Et
si aliquis civis Ragusii fugerit in terram meam et de terra mea ceperit molestare vestre
civitati vel homini, vel causis vestris et ego sciero illum, aut illum ipsum, vel habere
quod devastaverit dabo."1244 ,

1243

"... $ $ , $, $

. , $
$." . , . , . , 138.
1244
. , . , . , 174.
() , .

337

 ,
" " ,
, (
) .
,
,
.1245
, 13. 1252. ,
, ,
, . :
"... $ , . ,
$ $$ $ $ $ $, $
, .
$ , $
. $ ,
.
, $ , $ $
$ . $ ,
$ $, $ $, $ $
$ $ $ .
$, $ , $ $ , $ $."1246
, "",
.
,
1245

.
, ,

,
, ( )
.
1246
. , . , . , 188.

338

 , "" 1247: , ,
" ".1248

, ( )
,
,

, .
,
,
.
, 23. 1254,
. ,
,
.

1249

"

, $. $
$ . [...] $ ,
, $ $ ,
$ . $ ,
. $ ."1250
, , ,
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. " " ,
1247

, . . , " ",
689.
1248

, (
), , , ,

,
?
1249
, ,
, (), ..
1250
. , . , . , 213.

339

XIII ,
, , ,
. ""
, ,

. ""
, ,
. , ,
, ,
,
. ,

,
,
.
, ,
1251,
. ,
, ,
1252,
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1251

, ,
, . ,
" ", ,
1 (. ), , , 1959, 283, , "" .
2010, 59-60 . , " ", 690.

, " . 1282. 1283.", , LXII, 2. ,
51/1925, 61-69.
1252
, 1265. 1266.

, . . , . , . , 235-236.

340


,
,
.
.1253
,
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.

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1254, .
,
,
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1253
1254

. , "" . 2010, 59.

. . , 97.

341

 , ,
, .1255
" ", ,
, .1256
,
. , 1252.
,
, , ,
, ,
.
,
, 1254.
,
: " $ ,
, $
$ $."1257
, 1258,
. , ,
,

1255

: . . 1980, 275.
. " ", 272.
1256
" ",

, ,
. , "
, , ",
,
. . . , 57.
(
), , ,
, , , .
, , ,
. , " ",
, , 2003, 99.

. C. Jireek 1899, 22-24.
1257
. , . , . 216.
1258
ibid., 212-216. , .

342


.
1281. ,
, : "
$ $ .
, , $ $
."1259 , ,
,

.1260
. ,
, 1276.
, " $
$ '
$ ' ..."1261,

. ,

,
, ,
. ,
,
: ,
, . ,
,
. ,

1259

. , . , . , 266.

, .
1261
. , . , . , 263-266.
1260

343

 ,
.
,
1277. 1281. ,
.
: "
$ $ $ $ $ $
. $ $ $
. , $ $
$ $ ."1262 , ,
,
.1263
,
,
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.
,
1264, , ,
: " $ $ $ , $ $ ,

1262

. , . , . , 272.
" $ $ "
,
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1264
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1263

344

 $ , $, $
."1265 , ,
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: " ,"1266
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II ,
1282. ,
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.
$ , $.
, ,
."1268 ,
,
,
1265

. , . , . , 274.
. , . , . , 274.
1267
. 1940, 11.
1268
. , . , . , 276.
1266

345



, (.
), .

,
.1269
1289.
I: ,
,
.1270 , ,
.1271
,
, 1282. 1289. 1272,
: " $ (sic)
, , .
$ $ $ ,
. $
$ ."1273 ,
,

1269

, ,
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,
. ,
, ,
,
.
1270
" $ $$: $ $
, $ ,
. , , ,
." . , . , . , 286.
1271
. , . , . , 287-288.
1272
,
. . , . , . ,
289-290. , 1283. . 1912, 156.
1273
. , . , . , 290.

346

 .1274 , ,
,
XIV .1275 ,
,
. 1276 ,

. ,
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.
,
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. ,
,
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$ $, , , , , $
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, " "
.
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1275
. , " ", 690.
1276
,
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1277
, ; ,
, 1301.
, 1302. . , .
, . , 343-344. , 1308. .
. 1912, 161.
1274

347

 $$ . $
, $, $. $ ."1278
,



.1279 ,
, ,
. ,

, exempli causa,
. ,
,
. .

, ,

.
, ,
?
?

,
: " $."1280 , , ,

.
,

1278

. , . , . , 344-345.
, ,

, , ,
.
1280 1280
. , . , . , 345.
1279

348


, ,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.1281
, " $
, $ $,
."1282 ,
,
: " $ $ $ $ $.
, $ $ ."1283 ,
"", , (comes)
. ,
,
,
.1284
,
, "
(sic) $, "1285,

1281

,
: . 1996, 161.
1282
. , . , . , 345.
1283
Ibid., 346.
1284
, "" . 2010, 245-247 . ,
" ", 264-265.
.
1285
: " $ $ , $ , $
$, $ . $ , ; , (sic)

349

 1286, ...

: " $ $
:
."1287 ,
,
,

.1288
, 1313. 1316.
,
: "
. .
, , ."1289
, ,
,

, .
25. 1326.
: " (sic!)
,
,
(sic) $, ." . , . , . , 345.
,
,
.
1286
.
1287
. , . , . , 346.
1288
.
, ,
, , , ( )
, ,
.
1289
. , . , . , 454.

350

 , , ."1290

, ,
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,

.


1291, : " ,
, , ,
, ."1292 ,
,
.
.
:



.
:
, ,
.
,
.
1290

. 1912, 163.
.
1292
. 1912, 164.
1291

351


. ( ) ,
1332. ,
: " ,
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. , , .
, ,
, ."1293


,
.
,
?
,
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, ""
,
.1294
,
, .
,
1295,
1293

. 1912, 166.
, , ,
, . ,
,
.
1295
, "
", 10/2011, 23-27.
1331. ,
. .
1294

352

, . ,
,
,
. " $,
.
$ , $ $,
, $ $ $,
$ $, ,
, , $ $ $ ,
$ , .
$ , $, ."1296

,
1297,

, ,
, 2012, 111-113.
1296
Ibid., 22. . 1912, 166-167.
1297
,
1345. , .
, (
)
, .
, ,
. ",
, ",
,
,
, . . 1912, 167168. ,
1349. ,
. Ibid., 168-169. , ,
" , ,
." . , "
", 707. , , ,
, ,
, , ,
1349. ,
, . , "
", , 5/2006, 88. ,
, 1349.

353

 .1298 ,
.
, " ,
,
."1299 ,
, ,
.
, .

,

, .
. 118,
,
,
,
.
( ,
) .
, ,

, ,
.
119. ,
.
. " , ,
, , 1345, . . 2001, 118-119.
. . 2012, 173-186.
1298
, , ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
, , , ,
.
1299
. 1996, 158.

354

 ,
, ," .1300 , ,

: 1301
1234. 1235.
1302
1302. . , ,
, , exempli causa,
. ,
, "
" 1303 ,
, . , , ,
. ,
: " -
, ."1304 "
" ,
, " ."1305
" "
, " ,

1300

. 1996, 164, . 1.

, .
, . . 1923,
216. , , . , "
", , 2003, 727. ,
,
.
1302
" , $ ,
1301

. $ : ;
$ , ." . , . , .
, 135. ( ) 1237.
( . 1912, 139),
, 1235.
, , ( 1371), 1922, 224 . ,
. , . , 134.
1303
. 1898, 218.
1304
. 1898, 92.
1305
. 1898, 218.

355

 ."1306
, , 1307,
1254. ,
.
, ,
, . ,
, "
" " ."
,
, . ,
,
. ,
,
. ,
( ), (
) , .1308 ,
, ,
,

, . ,
,
,

.
120. 121.
" , ,
; ' ,

1306

Ibid.
. . 1980, 275.
1308

. , , :
, , .
. 2010, 193 , "" . , . , 741-745.
1307

356

 ," .1309 ,

. , ,
, 118, ,
.1310
, ,
,
. 121.
: " ; ,

."1311 , , ,

, ,
.1312
,
. ,
,
, ,
.
1332. :


.
1309

. 1898, 92-93.
, ,
,
, , .
, "" ., . 1999, 792-794.
. . 2012,
390-401.
1311
. 1898, 93.
1312

; ,
, .
, ,
.
1310

357

, ,
,
,
,
.
,
1302.
. ,
,
,
( ),
.
. ,
.1313
,
1332.
. ,
"
."1314
, , : ,
.


.
. ,
1334.

120. ,
1313

, : " :
, ,
, . 121.
:
." . .
1980, 276.
1314
. 1898, 219.

358

 . ,

" " , ,
,
.1315

.
, : "
, -
, ,
."1316 , ,
118, ,
.
,

. ,
.
,
, 122. :
.1317 .
.
,
.
: 118.
,
, . ( , ,
1315

, , ,
. ,


. . 1923, 218-219. . . 1980, 275.
,
.
1316
. 1898, 218.
1317
" , ; ,
." . 1898, 94.

359


, , .) 120. 121.
,
,
.

, ,
. , ,
,


. ,

, ,
.1318

:
,
' ' (
,
) ,
.
,
.1319
1318

A. M. Godfrey, 1-3 . 1996, 675-676.

(, )
. 1902, 486-504.
1319

360

 ,
, , . ,
,

.
, " ,
, ,"
" ,
,
, ,
."1320 ,


123. , ,
.1321
,
, . ,
, ,
. ,
,



. ,

,
, , . 1322

1320

. 1996, 676-677.
. 2009, 151-152 .
1322


" " . . 1996, 677-678
. 12. , : "
; ; .. ;
1321

361


; ,
.
, ,
:
" , ,
;
."1323

,
,
.1324 ,
.

;
.

, ,
1325,
( )
.1326 ,
, ,

." . 1898, 16. ,

, . .
1960, 92.
1323
. 1912, 601.
1324
. 1996, 683.
1325
" , $
, , , $
, ... ." . , . , . , 92,
95, . 1912, 575.
1326
" ,
,
,
. , , ." . .
2002, 86-87.

362


.1327

( ),
: " ,
, , ,
,
, ."1328

,

.

. ,
"
,
, ."1329
() ,
"
1330,
."1331

.
1327

, (.
), ,
.
1328
. 1912, 387.
,
" ". , , ,
, , ,
,
,
.
1329
. 1996, 684.
1330
. . .
1331
Ibid., 685.

363

 ,
: "
,
."1332 " "
.
,
. , ,
, .
.
, , ,
"
, ' , , , ."1333
: "
,
. , ."1334

: "
, , ,
,
."1335
. " ."1336

: "...

1332

. 1912, 609.
. 1912, 616. , ,
.
1334
Ibid.
1335
. 1912, 617.
1336
. 1912, 619.
1333

364

..."1337 ,
.
, ,
,
.1338 : "...
, ,
, ."1339 ,
1340
,
,
.

: " ,
."1341 , ,
, , . , ,
: " , ,
, , ."1342 , ,
,
( !) . ,
: " ."1343
( ),
.
, , ,
, ,
.
1337

. 1912, 487.
. 1895, 385-388.
1339
Ibid.
1340
. 1912, 390-395.
1341
. 1912, 699.
1342
Ibid.
1343
Ibid.
1338

365


. . 33.
: "
; ,
; , ,
."

1344

,
, ,
.1345 , ,

, ,
. ,
,
, .
, ,
, .
, ,
, ,
, , ,
,
, , . ,
" "

, .
, ,
,
; , ,
.
1344

. 1898, 31.
, ,
, . . . 1980, 198-199.
1345

366

 ,
ad hoc, , ,
, , .1346 ,
,
. ,
, 1347
, ,
. ,
, ,
, ,
, .1348
, ,
( ),
,

.

1349 ,

"
" ,
1350
,

1346

; . 1996, 690.

, .
1348
ibid., 692.
1349
,
,
. " , , , ,
1347

, ' , '
." , 6 .
. 1907, 229-230; . 1888, i V, 160.
1350
. . . 1980, 199.

367

 ,
. 1351


. ,
,
, . ,
,
. (
)
,
.1352 , ,
,

. ,
() .
, ,

1351

: "
, ,
." . 1898, 166. ,

,
. , , "

, ,
,
." . 1996, 689.
(, , ,

, .)

, "
,
. " . 1898, 166.
, , ,
.
,
,
.
1352
, -
, .

368

 . ,
,
. 178. ,
,
: " ; ;
-
- ; ,
."1353 , ,
,
( ),
. , , ,

(, ) . ,

, (
)

.
, () 33.
,
.1354

1353

. 1898, 138-139. 129,

() , 136,
, 148,

. ( . 1898, 98, 103, 115.)

.
1354
, ,
, .
""
, , ?
( ,
), 33.
.

369

 a
,
, ,
,
, , .
, ,
. , ,


,
. (
) ,
.

I : "
, , ,
."1355
,
,
.
(
) : " , ,
, , , ."1356
,
.
"
, ." . 2010, 197.
, "
" ( - (.),
, 2004, 218-245), ,
(214-245), ,
,
.
1355
. , . , . , 230, . 1912, 596.
1356
. 1912, 609.

370

 . ,

: "
; ."1357
" ",
,
: "...
, , , , ,
, ."1358
()
,
: " ,
, , i,
, .
, , ,
, , , ,
, ."1359
,
,

.
.
" ,"
.1360 ,

. , ,
1357

. 1912, 619.
. 1912, 614.
1359
. 1912, 616.
1360
. 1912, 617.
1358

371

 , (
,
1361)
: " , ,
, ."1362 , ,
" , ,
,
, ."1363 , ,
,
" ."1364
,
,
.1365 ,
, ;
.
" ", , , ,
.
,
? , ,

,
. , ,


.

1361

. . 1925, 20.
. 1912, 620.
1363
. . 1925, 20.
1364
. . 1925, 20.
1365
, ,
.
.
1362

372


: " , ."1366
: "
, , , ."1367

,
.

1330. . "
i , , , ,
, , ,
, i
."1368 ,
. ,

, .1369 , ,
, "
"1370, .
,
. ,
;
.

1366

. 1912, 628.
. 1912, 636.
1368
, " III
", 1/2002, 58 . 1912, 644.
1369
, ,
. 2002, 61-63. ,
. ,
" . ", , , ,
I, 1-2/1929, 1-18, .
1370
Ibid., 63.
1367

373

 : "
,
, , , ,
, , , , ,
, , , ."1371 ,
,
. ""
. ,
,
, , , , . ,
, . ,
(
) ( ) .
, .
"
, , , ,
, , ."1372
exempli causa ,
,

.
: "
, , , ,
, , , ."1373
,
, : "

1371

. 1912, 652.
. 1912, 671.
1373
. 1912, 659.
1372

374

 , ,
, , , ,
, , , , ,
, ."1374 "
, , ."1375
,
,
.
,
,
, . 1376
, ,
. ,

.
: "
, ."1377
, ,
,
, ,
.
(,
)

. ,
: "

1374

. 1912, 659-660.
. 1912, 660.
1376
. 1996, 679.
1377
. 1912, 699.
1375

375

."1378
: " ,
, ."1379 ,
, ,
,
.1380 : "
, .
."1381
,
: " ,
, ."1382
(
iura regalia) ,
.1383
,
; ,

.1384 ,
(,
), ,
,
.
194, ,
: " .

1378

. 1912, 617.
. 1912, 659.
1380
. 1912, 671.
1381
. 1912, 680.
1382
. 1912, 699.
1383
. 2009, 158.
1384
. 2009, 158; 154-156.
Mark C. Bartusis, "Aerikon", y A. P. Kazhdan 1991, volume 1, 28.
1379

376

, .
,
,
."1385
, "
" .1386 , .
,
I
,
, , , . ,
, ,
,
, .
, , ,
.
.1387
, ,

. ,

( )
,
, .
, ,
, .
,
. " "
1385

. 1898, 145.
, ,
,
.
1387
, , " ,
". . . 1980, 330.
1386

377

 ,
. "
"
; , ,
,
.

,
.

,

,
.1388
, ,
1389, ,
, .1390 ,
(,
)

.1391
.

: " ,

1388

, " ", . , .
, 613-614.
1389
. A. Harding 2002, 16-22 48-54.
1390
. , " ", 613-614 . 2009, 158-159.
1391
,
, .
, .
. 2002, 4-9 16-18.

378

 , , ..."1392
, ,
.
, ,
,
.1393 (, ),
1394, ,
,
,
. , ,
, .
, ,

.1395

,
: "
."1396
,
.

: " $ $, $, : $
$ $ $ ."1397 ,
.
1392

. 1912, 387.
,
. ,
. , ,
,
. , ,
, .
1394
. 1996, 499-500.
1395
. . 1996, 706.
1396
. , . , . , 503.
1397
. , . , . , 345-346. . 1912, 162.
1393

379

 ,
, 20. 1349. ,
.
: "
: , ,
."1398
, . ,
, ,

? . ,
,
.1399
,
,

1400; ,
, .
; , , .
, ,
,
; ,

.1401 , .

,
1398

. 1912, 170.

.
,
. , "de
infedeltade, de homecidio, de servo, de serva et de cavallo robbado o morto." .
1912, 48.
1400
. 1996, 438-442 445-446. ,
. . 1980, 329.
1401
. 1912, 48.
1399

380

 , , , .
, ,
, ,
21.
.1402 ,
, ,
-,
, .
,
, ,
: " ,
, , , ."1403 ,

.
.
, ;
, , ,
.
,
,
.
103, , : "
, ;
, , , , , ."1404

" "; ,

1402
1403

. 1898, 24.
. 1912, 699. : "

." Ibid.
1404
. 1898, 79.

381

(, ) " ".1405
, , ,
(
) ,
1406,
?
,
183. : " ;
, , , , , ."1407
1408,
,
( ) . 1409

.
, ,

183. .1410
,
103. , .
", ." 1411
. ,
,
, ,

1405

Ibid.
.
1407
. 1898, 141.
1408
, ,
,
( . 1864, 163 . 1996, 692),
, (. 1898, 256-258);
, .
1409
. . 1980, 322-323.
1410
. 1996, 693.
1411
. 2010, 219.
1406

382

 , .
, ,

.
, ,
. , ,

,
. ,
,
,
.1412
, .
, 192. , " ",
, : " ,
."1413 ,
, .
, , , : "
.

."1414 "
",
.1415
,
( ,

1412

. 1996, 705-706 . . 2002, 9-10.

. 1898, 144.
1414
. 1898, 262. ,
. ,
, ,
,
, , "".
1415
. 1996, 706.
1413

383

), " ''." 1416

,
, ()
, , ,
. , .
, .
: "
:
(), ,
, , '', .
."1417
:
.
(
) ,
,
.
, , . ,
, ; ,
,
,
. , ,
, .

, ?
.
"" ,
, " "
1416

. . 1980, 329.
. . 1980, 329.
, , , .
, : " 192 ,
."
, , 1959, 9.
1417

384

 ( 1418) .1419
54. .
() ,
: "
, , ."1420 ,
"" " "1421,
; ,

192.1422 " Rak
, ,"
.1423 , ,
, , .1424
,
. 54.
, (, -)
.1425 ,
. ,
,
,
.1426
1418

( ), : , ,
()
. Robert Mills, Suspended Animation: Pain, Pleasure and Punishment in
Medieval Culture, London 2005, 90-91 James A. Brundage, Law, Sex and Christian Society in
Medieval Europe, Chicago and London 1987, 149, . 106, 213.
, .
1419
. 2010, 222.
1420
. 1898, 46.
1421
. 1898, 47; . 1997, 276.
1422
89. . 1997, 276.
1423
. 2010, 222.
1424

. , ,
;
,
.
1425
. 1898, 47.
1426
-, " ", . 1997, 289-295.

385

 , 53, ,
. :
" (sic) , $ $ $, ;
$, ; $ $ , $
$ $, $."1427
(
),
, ,

!

1428,
53.
, .
.
, ""
54. .
, .
, 192. ,
. , ,
, .
, , ,
.

1427

. 1997, 240 . 1898, 46. ,

, "" "$"
" " " $". Ibid.
1428
14. , 13. ,
, ( ),
.
. 1907, 107-108.
, 38. : " $ $ ,
, , :~" . 2007, 85.
. . 1928, 1855-186.

386


103. 183.
,
,
,
.
,
183. ,
.
,
, .

. ,
,
.
( , )
,


.
, , ,
.1429
, , ,
. ,
( ), ,
, , , ,
.
,

,
( ) .
1429

387

 :
( )
,

, , .
192. , ,

.

1430,
,
.

.1431 , ,
,
.


62. , ,
. " ,

,"

.1432

, ,
.
. "
, $
, ,

1430

.
1431
. . Brundage, 107, 119-120 Eve Levin, Sex and Society in the World of the Orthodox Slavs,
900-1700, New York 1989, 215-218.
1432
. 1898, 51.

388

, $ , ... ."1433
,
.
,
() ,

.
, , ,

.
, (
), :
, ,
.
:

, .


, ..
, , ,
, ,
. , ,

.
, ,

1433

,
, . . , . , . , 92, 95,
. 1912, 575.

389

 . ,
. 1434

,
. ,
.
: " ,
."1435
,

.
,

.
, , "
i ."1436
,
, ,
,
.
: , ,
, ,
. ,
, : ,
, ,
, . ,
1434

, ,
.
, ,
.
1435
56. ; . 1898, 48.
1436
. 1912, 619.
, .

390




, .
, , ,

. ,
, 1437,
,
1438, .
,
, ,
.
,
:
, , . ,
.

,
,
.
1439 ,
,

. ,

( ) ,
1437

,
. 94. 154. , .
1898, 73-74 120-121.
1438
,
.
1439
,
( ) ,
.

391

 . ,

.

84. :
"... , ; ."1440
, , ,
.

,
.1441
, ,
,

,
.
, ,
,
. 1442
,
.1443
,
, .1444
1440

. 1898, 66. "" "",

. Ibid., 67.
1441
" , , , ,
, , , ." Ibid., 197.
1442
. . 1980, 246. , , " ,
", "
- ." . . 1928, 218.
1443
. 1996, 732-733.
1444
Ibid. , ,
. "
, ,"
. Ibid., 734. , , ,
, ,

392

 .
, ,
(
,
1445),

" "1446

"absque placito" 1447,

, . 1448

: "

." 1449

, ,
. ,
,
,

. ,
. ,
, . , ,
,
,
.
1445
, "", , XI-1/1970, 346-348.
,
, ,
, , .
" ( .
. .) .
, . ,
, .
""
"",
. XIV . '' ,
, ,
." Ibid., 348.
1446
Ibid., 349. . 1996, 737.
1447
. 1970, 349-350.
1448
Ibid., 350-351.
1449
Ibid., 351.

393


() ,
, , ''
. ,
,
, ,
. 1988.
1450,

,
,
.1451 , ,
,
, 1452,
,
.
, ,
. " ''
,

1450

, " ''",
, 1-2/1988, 129-135.
1451
Ibid., 131.
1452
,
. (
, , 2009, 82 ,
, 2010, 64. ,
.)
" "
. . . ,
: , , 2007, 31;
. ,
,
,
, ! ,
, 2005, 133, . 210. ,
( "
"),
, .
, , , 1997, 47. ,
, , ,
, .

394

 , '',
,
," .1453 ,

,
, ,
.
,

.
,
, : " $
, $ , , ,
, $ $ $ ."1454
,
, , .
,
,
, .
, ,
: " ,
, ."1455 , " "
,
.

1302. . ,
, : " ,

1453

. , " ...", 159.

. , . , . , 317.
1455
. 1912, 617.
1454

395

 ..."1456
" $
$ $ $$ $ ".1457 , ,
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
,

, , ,
,
.

, , , : "
, , , , ,
, , , ."1458
exempli causa,
,
.
, .1459 ,
,
1456

. 1912, 160.
. , . , . , 344.
1458
. 1912, 659-660.
1459

1428. . (. 1912, 236.)

, . . . 1930, 173174. , , ,
: "
, . ,
.
, . ,
,
, , ." . 1996, 159-160.
1457

396

 , .
,
,
,
.1460

. 84,
, : " ;
, ; , ;
."1461 106. : "
, ; ,
; , ."1462
.
,
, , ,
, : "
, , ."1463
6. 1328. ,
,
: " ."1464
: "
, ."1465

. , ,
1460

''
.
1461
. 1898, 66.
1462
. 1898, 81.
1463
. 1912, 616.
1464
. 1912, 401.
1465
. 1912, 699.

397

 "" "" ,

.1466
84. . "
,
, , :
(...), '' .
,
, . ,
. , ."1467
,
( ,
) , ,
. ,
, ,
.
,
( )
.
(
, , ..,
1468),

.

,
" ." , 151,

1466

. 1996, 755.
. , 330.
1468
, ,
. 1924, 118-124.
1467

398

, : " ;
; ; ; -
, , ;
; ;
, - ."1469 " "
"",
, ,
, .1470
152. . "
; ,
; ,
, ."1471 , , 153.
: " , ,
."1472
, 154.
. " - , - - ;
- ; -
; ."1473
1469

. 1898, 118.
. 1996, 773-778; . . 1980, 297.
, ,
. , , 1921, 53-56.
. , "
( )", , LIV/ 1894, 1-36,
, , ( 1537), 1923, 30 . , 3239.
1471
. 1898, 119.
1472
. 1898, 120. , , ,
, .
: " ,
.
, ." . 1898, 238.
1473
. 1898, 120-121.
1470

399

 .
" ' ' . 1354
.
, ."1474
152,


.
"

."1475
,
. "
",
,
. ,
,
, .
106. : " ,
; ,
; , ."1476
,
,
152.
, ,

.
132. ,
()
1474

. . 1928, 209.
Ibid., 219.
1476
. 1898, 81.
1475

400

: " , , ;
- , ;
- , ..."1477
, " ",

, .
, ,
,
,
1354. , ,
, .
.
" , ",
.1478
,

:
.1479
1480
20. 1349. ,
.
: " ,
; ,
1477

. 1898, 100.
. 1912, 616.
. . . 1925, 20.
, , .
1479
,
, . . 1996,
773.
1480
,
. , ,
( )
. , , ,
. , " (
)", , XXIV/1977, 11-15.
1478

401

 ,
, ."1481 ,
,
.

.1482
.1483
, ,
,
.
, ; ,
,
, ,
.

1481

. 1912, 170.
1301. : "Item
si aliquis Raguseus habuerit aliquam questionem cum aliquo Sclavo, quod illa questio non poscit diffinire
per curiam regalem nisi per unum Raguseum et unum Sclavum, judices in ipsa questione." .
1912, 159. 1302. : "
$ , (sic) $ $
$$ (sic). $ . $ $,
1482

$, : $ $ $ $ ." . , .
, . , 345-346. ",
' '; ,
,
." . 1996, 703. ,
.
1483
, : "
, , . ,
, ." . 1912, 160 .
1929, 34. , " ",
I, , , II
1971.
. ,
, , ,
"
" , ,
, . , "
", , , , 37/1971,
208212. , " III
1321. , , 5/2006, 45-46.

402



.
.

,
.
,
, " "

"
, ' ( )
( ) '."1484 ,

, "
' '". 1485

,
.1486
,
: " ,
, . ,
."1487 ,
,

-. , .

1484

. 1996, 772-773.
Ibid., 773.
1486
. . , 298-299.
1487
. 1912, 171.
1485

403

 .1488 ,
(
) ,
,
,
, .
"
"1489,

, .1490 ,
,
,
.
, ,
, " ",
. , ,
, ,
1491
, .
, (
),
,
,

" ,
, , , ." .
1912, 171.
1489
. 1898, 237.
1490
. 1898, 238.
1491
,

,
, ,
( )
. . , 19-31 43-50.
1488

404

 . 1492
" ", ,
: ,

, ,
,
, " ,
, "!1493 , ,

1494,
" " 1495
, ,
. ,
,
?
,
, .

. ,
.1496 , ,
1492

.
,
" ",
"
." , , , .
. , 63 .
1493
. , 115.
1494

,
, (
) ''-
, ''
,
. Ibid., 83-85.
1495
Ibid., 115.
1496

. , ,
80. "
'..." (. , 15.),
"

405


1497, , ,

, ,
?1498
, " .."

,
,
. 1499
,
, . ,

.
, ,
, ,
.
1500,
,

! 1501
,

.1502

,
..." (. 1898, 194.)
1497
. , 51.
1498
. , 52.
1499
. , 53-55.
1500
. , 61-62.
1501
Ibid., 62.
1502
Ibid., 69, 72.
, ,

,
?

406

 ,
,
,
.

"
() ."1503

1504 ,
. , "

",
.1505
" " ,

.1506 ,
,
.
, , ,
. ,
, 152, ,
153.

.
, "
, ' ', (sic!) ,
,
, , ."1507 ,
1503

. , 332.
, , .
1505
. , 333.
1506
. , 333.
1507
. 1996, 778.
1504

407

 ,
(
), ,
,
,
.
153.
,
,
.
, ,
,

. :

.

. ,

,
, . ,

. ,
, ,
,
, ,
.
,
,
. " ",

, . ,

408

 , ,

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, .
,
,
.
,


.
,
,
. ,
,

, .1508


" ",
1302.
153. .1509
''
, ,
,
. , . ,
1508

, ,
, ,
"",
.
1509
"
.
.
.
.
. , 1302. 153.
." . 2000, 44.

409


.

.
, .

,
, ,
.
-
. , 107,
1510 ,
,
, : "
, , , ."1511

, ,
" ," 1512
.
, ,
1510

,
, . ( .
. 1912, 614, 627, ibid.,
652.) , ,
.
1511
. 1898, 82. "" "",
" ." Ibid., 82-83.
, , , .
, ,
. Ibid.
, .
, ,
. . 1898, 211. ,
. .
. , " ", 650
, 2000, 231.
1512
. .1898, 211-212.

410

 ,
. , ,
, ,


, , .1513

. .

"colonus qui tributum dictum pendere tenebatur."1514
, ,
, , ,
.1515 -,
, 1516, , ,
,
.1517 ,
, , , ,

,
.1518
, "
",
1513

Ibid., 211.
Franz Miklosich, Lexicon Palaeoslovenico-graeco-latinum: emendatum auctum, Vindobonae
1862-1865, 868 . , 1864, 136-137.
1515
. 1898, 211. ,
. . 1923, 23.
1516
, " ,
",
, 30/1875, 62-63.
1517
, ; . ,
, 1923, 61.
. , 4-6.
1518
. . 1937, 33-41 54-60.
,
. Ibid., 94-112 .
( )
. Ibid., 135-138. (
) . . 1941.
1514

411


1519,
, "" .1520
"
", " ,
, ."1521
"
(sic!) ,
",
,
,
.1522
, ,
,
.
" ,
", "
, ." 1523
, ,
,
, ,
,
.1524 ,
1525,
,

1519

. . 1980, 264-265.
, " ",
, , I/1938, 124-125 .
1521
. 1961, 36.
1522
,
. . 1996, 91.
1523
, "", , 2003, 417.
1524
. 1990, 102-108.
1525
. , 18-22.
1520

412

 ,
" '' ."1526
,

"
."1527


.
, , ,
,
,
,
. , , ,
, ,
,
.
107. . , ,
,

" , ,
."1528 "
",
, ,
" ,
, ."1529
, , " , ,
,

1526

Ibid., 26.
. 2006, 214.
1528
. . 1980, 264.
1529
. 1996, 491.
1527

413


, ."1530 ,
,
.1531
,
.
,
. ,
,

.

1532

,
,
,
,
. ,

, , ,
, . ,
( )
1533,

,
. ,
,

,
1530

Ibid., 120.
Ibid., 491.
1532
, , ,
.. . . 2002, 26-27.
1533
, ,
, ,
,
, ,
" ".
1531

414

 ,
,
.

, , : " $ , $
, , $ ,
..."1534
, ,
,
, .
, ,
() , .
, , ''
,
,
,
.

: "
..."1535 "
".1536 , " "
, .
, ,
.
, ,
, . "
, ,

1534

. , . , . , 127.
. 1912, 616.
1536
. 1912, 617.
1535

415

 ."1537 ,
1538,
.

,
,
.
,
,
( ) ,
.
, ( )

, .
, ,
, .
, .
,
( )
,
. ,

,
, ,
.

.

,
,
1537

. , . , . , 464.

, .
1538

416

 ( ) ,
?
,
.1539 ,
,
.
(. 1369.
, )
, ,

,
.
,
,

. , ,
.
,
: ,
,
,
,
.
,
,
: " ,

1539

,
. ,
,
. , ,
, ,
,
.

417

 ."1540

.

, ,
.
, , ,
. "
,
, (
, ) , , (
.)"1541
,
. , ,
" , ,
, - ,
( 1542
), ,
, ."1543 ,
,
, , .
,


, . 1544
,
(
) ,
1540

. 1912, 698.
. , 27.
1542
.
1543
. , 27.
1544
.
1541

418


.
, , , ,

. ,
, . ,
(, , )
1545 . ,
(
),
. ,


( ),
,
. , ,
.

,
,
? ,
,
,
107.

1545

419



.


.


. ,
,
, .
,
, ,
.
,
, ,
,

,
.
(
)
,
.
( )
,
, .
, ,

,

420

 ,
.
.
,
,
, .
( ,
),
,
, .
, . ,

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, .
,
,
, ,
. ,

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, , .
,
, ,
. ,
, ,

; ,

. ,

,
,

421

 .
,
.
,
.

,
, ,
.1546 ,
. ,
,
,
,

. , "
" ,
. ,
,
. ,
, .
,
.
, ,
,
, ,

.
,

,
1546

,
.

422

 . ,
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,

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, ; ,

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.
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. ,

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(

423

 ),
, ,
,
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, .
. ,
.
,

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. ,

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:
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,
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424

 1547, ,
( ) ,
,
. ,
,
. , ,
;

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(
)

, .
,
,
.
,
. ,
, , ,
, ,
.
1547

, ,
( ) ,
, ,
. ,
,
( ) , . , ,
(
!) ,
, , (
) . . . , 192, 100 .
( )
, ,
" ."
Ibid., 133.
; , "
", IV: , 2004, 19-59.

425

 ,

(
),

,
. , :

.
( , ,
.)
, ,

, I , ,
,
.1548
. ,



. , ,
, ( )
,
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,
,
. , , ,
,
, ,
.

1548

, .

426

, :
,

;
. ,
, .
,

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( ),

. , ,

,
. ,
(
),
.
,

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( ),
,
,
.1549
( )
. , ,
, ,
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(
1549

, ,
.

427

 ,
, ,
), , ,
.

,
,
.
, ,
,
.

428


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