A presentation on

Intelligent train engines to avoid accidents

Under the guidance of

Mr. C. Ramesh Kumar
Reddy
Associate Professor

By,
B. Srikanth
(11591A0405)
A. Chandra shekar (11591A0401)
S. Snehitha
(11591A0439)
B. Prem kumar
(11591A0406)

CONTENTS

AIM

Description

Block Diagram

Component Description

Working Principle

Schematic Diagram

Software used

Advantages & Applications

Conclusion & Future scope

AIM:

The main objective of this project is to avoid train accidents

DESCRIPTION:

Now-a-days public is facing many threats from the railway department by which
they are hesitating to plan a train journey.

The main reason for this is due to the accidents that occur due to negligence of train
drivers.

This project is introduced to monitor drivers condition and to alert him.

This system also checks for the stop signal or red light signal irrespective of drivers
action and status and stops the train.

we can say that this system proves to be a very useful tool for the railways
department to reduce the accidents rate.

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Transmitter Section

Receiver Side

Components Description
POWER SUPPLY

It basically consists of a Transformer to step down the 230V ac to 18V ac

followed by diodes. Here diodes are used to rectify the ac to dc.
After rectification the obtained rippled dc is filtered using a capacitor Filter. A
positive voltage regulator is used to regulate the obtained dc voltage

LPC2148

The LPC2148 microcontrollers are based on a 16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-CPU with

real-time emulation and embedded trace support, that combine microcontroller with
embedded high speed flash memory ranging from 32 kB to 512 kB.
A 128-bit wide memory interface and unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit
code execution at the maximum clock rate.
Various 32-bit timers, single or dual 10-bit ADC(s), 10-bit DAC, PWM channels and
45 fast GPIO lines with up to nine edge or level sensitive external interrupt pins
make these microcontrollers suitable for industrial control and medical systems.

RF Transmitter
The STT-433 is ideal for remote control applications where low cost and longer range is
required.
The transmitter operates from a1.5-12V supply, making it ideal for battery-powered
applications.
The transmitter employs a SAW-stabilized oscillator, ensuring accurate frequency control
for best range performance.

RF Receiver
The data is received by the RF receiver from the antenna pin and this data is available on
data pins.
Two Data pins are provided in the receiver module. Thus, this data can be used for further
applications

the

RF Encoder
The encoder used here is HT12E from HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTORS INC.
The HT 12E Encoder ICs are series of CMOS LSIs for Remote Control system
applications.

They are capable of Encoding 12 bit of information which consists of N

address bits and 12-N data bits.

Each address/data input is externally trinary programmable if bonded out.

RF Decoder
Similarly, as the transmitter requires an encoder, the receiver module requires a decoder.
The decoder used is HT12D from HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC.

DC Motor

A DC motor is designed to run on DC electric power. It is used to control the

closing/opening of the door using L293D IC.

The motor works as per the voltages given by the L293D IC, either in clockwise
direction or in anti-clockwise direction

BUZZER:
A buzzer or beeper is a signalling device, usually electronic, typically used in
automobiles, household appliances such as a microwave oven, or game shows

Working Principle
The RF transmitter, fixed to the train, continuously transmits the data to the RF
receiver.

Another RF transmitter will be fixed at the signal which continuously transmits the
signals. The RF receiver is also fixed to the train to receive the different values of the
signals like red and green signal. This receiver continuously receives these signals
and controls the train as per the signal received.

The RF receiver section fixed at the railway gate, as soon as it receives the data from
the transmitter, closes the railway gate by rotating the stepper motor fixed to the gate
and opens it after a predetermined delay.

 Now, there may be a chance that when a vehicle is trying the cross the railway gate, the
gate may close as the train is approaching nearby.
the person may be injured severely due to this. To avoid this, an rf pair is arranged at the
gate. The rf transmitter and receiver will be arranged in such a way that they face each
other at either side of the gate.
When a vehicle is trying to cross the railway crossing and at the same time, if the receiver
system receives a signal that the train is approaching, at this situation, the gate has to be
closed but cannot be closed.

The gate will be opened till the vehicle moves away from the railway crossing and also
the train will be stopped as it detects the vehicle as the obstacle at the railway crossing.

SHCEMATIC DIAGRAM
Transmitter side

Receiver side

SOFTWARE USED
KEIL COMPILER:
keil compiler is the software used where the machine language code is written and
compiled.
After compilation, the machine source code is converted into hex code which is to be
dumped into the microcontroller for further processing. KEIL compiler also supports C
language code.

PROLOAD:

Proload is a software which accepts only hex files. Once the machine code is converted
into hex code, that hex code has to be dumped into the microcontroller placed in the
programmer kit and this is done by the Proload.

ADVANTAGES
Industries are using RF solutions for monitoring, control, process, inventory tracking,
data links and bar code reading devices.
Commercial wireless applications such as door announcers, security and access
systems, gate control, remote activation, score board and paging systems.

APPLICATIONS
Not blocked by common materials: can penetrate most solids and pass through walls
Longer range
Not light sensitive
Not as sensitive to weather/environmental conditions

CONCLUSION
This project presents to avoid railway accidents and railway gate control using RF
communication and it is designed and implemented with LPC 2148 in embedded system
domain.
Experimental work has been carried out carefully. The result shows that higher efficiency
is indeed achieved using the embedded system.

FUTURE SCOPE
Since this arrangement can be used in remote areas where the power supply cant be
expected for the motor operation, sensors, buzzer and signal lights, solar power can be
the solution there. It can be used directly during the daytime and by charging the battery
during night.