IS 4722:2001

Indian Standard

ROTATING ELECTRICAL
MACHINES SPECIFICATION
( Second Revision)

ICS

621,313-13

0 BIS 2001

BUREAU
MANAK

August

/I

2001

OF

IN DIAN

STANDARDS

BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR

NEW DELHI 110002

MARC

Price Group

Rotating Machinery

Sectional Committee,

ET 15

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized
by the Rotating Machinery Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electrotechnical Division Council.
In the first revision of this standard following contents have been brought out in separate independent standards:
a) Type of duty and classes of ratings assigned to rotating electrical machines covered in IS 12824:1989,
and
b) Temperature-rise

measurements

of rotating electrical machines covered in IS 12802:1989.

In this revision, a number of editorial corrections have been incorporated and in addition, some changes have
also been incorporated based on experience for operation of this standard.
The requirements of rotating electrical machines covered in this standard have been updated in line with current
international practices.
While revising this standard, assistance has been derived from the IEC Pub 34(1983) now designated as IEC
60034 Rotating electrical machines, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960 Rules
for rounding off numercial values (revised). The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value
should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

--

IS 4722:2001

Indian Standard

ROTATING ELECTRICAL
MACHINES SPECIFICATION
(Second Revision)
1 SCOPE

3 TERMINOLOGY

1.1 This standard covers requirements for rotating

electrical machines without distinction of output and
voltage but excluding:

3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following

definitiofis shall apply. The definitions of general
terms used in this standard are given in IS 1885
(Part 35).

a)
b)

Traction equipment, and

Motors covered by IS 996:1979 Single phase
small ac and universal electric motors (second
revision).

1.1.1 Attention is drawn to certain other standards

listed below which may apply when machines are
required for particular applications. The rating plate
of machines built to comply with these standards
indicate the number of the Indian Standards invoked:

325:1996

Three-phase
induction
~ourth revision)

2635:1975

DC electric
welding
(second revision)

motors
generators

Textile motors:
2972
(Part 1): 1979 Loom motors (/irst revision)

frame

motors

ac motors

(@

3682:1966

Flameproof
mines

5422:1996

Turbine
revision)

7538:1996

Three-phase squirrel cage induction

motors for centrifugal
pumps for
agricultural application

type

3.2 Rated Value

for use in

generators

value of a quantity

included

in the

value of the output included

in the

3.3 Rated Output

The numerical
rating.
3.4 Load

(Part 2): 1979 Card motors (@f revision)

(Part 3): 1979 Spinning
revision)

The whole of the numerical values of the electrical and

mechanical
quantities
with their durations. and
sequence assigned to the machine by the manufacturer
and stated on the rating plate, the machine complying
with the specified conditions.

The numerical
rating.

Title

IS No.

3.1 Rating

(/h?

8151:1976

Single-speed three-phase
motors for driving lifts

induction

9283:1995

Motors for submersible

pumpsets

9628:1980

Three-phase induction
type of protection n

motors with

All the numerical

values of the electrical
and
mechanical quantities that signify the demand to be
made on a rotating machine by an electrical circuit or
a mechanism at a given instant.
3.5 No-Load (Operation)
The state of a machine rotating with zero output power
(but under otherwise normal operating conditions).
3.6 Full Load
The highest value of load specified
operating at rated output.

for a machine

3.7 Full Load Power

The highest. value of power specified
operating at rated output.

for machine

NOTE This concept also appliesto torque,current, speed,ete.

2 REFERENCES

3.8 Rest and De-energized

The Indian Standards listed in Annex A are necessary

adjuncts to this standard.

The complete absence of all movements

electrical supply or mechanical drive.

and of all

,*-u_
..

.
IS 4722:2001
3.9 Duty

3.18

The statement of the load(s) to which the machine is

subjected, including, if applicable, starting, electric
braking, no-load and rest andde-energized
periods,
and including their durations and sequence in time.

A method by means of which heat resulting from

Iossesoccurnng
in a machine is given up first to a
primary cocdant by increasing its temperature.
The
heated primary coolant may be replaced by a new
coolant at a lower temperature or may be cooled by a
secondary coolant in some form of heat exchanger.

3.10 Duty Type

A continuous short time or periodic duty, comprising
one or more loads remaining constant for the duration
specified, or a non-periodic duty in which generally
load and speed vary within the permissible operating
range.

Cooling

3.19 Coolant
A medium (liquid or gas) by means of which heat is
transferred.
3.20

3.11 Thermal Equilibrium

Primary

Coolant

A medium (liquid or gas) which, by being at a lower

temperature than a part of the machine and in contact
with it, removes heat from that part.

The state reached when the temperature rises of the

several parts of the machine do not vary by more than
2 K over a period of 1 h.

3.21 Secondary

3.12 Cyclic Duration Factor

Coolant

The ratio between the period of loading, including

starting and electric braking, and the duration of duty
cycle, expressed as a percentage.

A medium (liquid or gas) which, by being at a lower

temperature than the primary coolant, removes the
heat given up by this primary coolant by means of a
heat exchanger.

3.13 Locked Rotor Torque

3.22 Direct Cooled (Inner

The minimum measured torque which the motor

develops with the rotor locked and rated voltage
applied at rated frequency.

A winding in which the coolant flows through hollow

conductors, tubes or channels which form an integral
part of the winding inside the main insulation.

3.14 Locked Rotor Current

3.23

The measured steady-state root-mean-square current

taken from the line with the rotor locked with rated
voltage and frequency applied.

A winding
of 3.22.

Indirect

Cooled) Winding

Cooled Winding

cooled

by any other method

than that

NOTE In all cases when indirect or direct is not stated, an

indirect cooled winding is implied.

3.15 Pull-up Torque (of an ac Motor)

3.24 Supplementary
The smallest torque which the motor develops
between zero speed and the speed which corresponds
to the breakdown torque when the motor is supplied at
the rated voltage and frequency.

An independent insulation applied in addition to the

basic insulation in order to ensure protection against
electric shock in the event of faihtre of the basic
insulation.

NOTES
1 This definition does not apply to those asynchronous motors
of which the torque continually decreases with increasein speed.

3.25 Moment

2 This value applies to the usual mean torque characteristic

which excludes transient effects.

3.16, Breakdown

Insulation

of Inertia

The (dynamic) moment of inertia of a body about an

axis is the sum (integral) of the products of its mass
element and the square of their distances (radii) from
the axis.

Torque (of an ac Motor)

The maximum torque which the motor develops with

rated voltage and frequency applied at operating
temperature without an abrupt drop in speed.

NOTE This quantity is designated by the letter symbol J and

is exrmased
in K~m2
.

3.26

NOTES
1 The definition does not apply to those asynchronous motors
of which the torque continually decreases with increase in speed.

Thermal Equivalent

Time Constant

The thermal equivalent time constant is the time

constant replacing several individual time constants,
2 This value applies to the usual mean torque characteristic
which determines approximately
the temperature
which excludes transient effects.
course in a winding after step-wise current change.
3.17 Pull-out Torque (of a Synchronous Motor)
3.27 Encapsulated Winding
The maximum torque which the synchronous motor
A winding which is completely enclosed or sealed by
develops at operating temperature and at synchronous
moulded insulation.
speed with rated voltage, frequency and field current.
2

IS 4722:2001
3.28

Routine

Tests

Tests carried out on each machine to check the

essential requirements which are likely to vary during
production.

b)

3.29 Type Tests

NOTE If temperatures below those given in this standard are

to be expected the manufacturer should be informed of the
minimum ambient temperature and it should be specified
whether this applies only during transport and storage or also
after installation. Temperatures below those given shall be the
subject of an agreement between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.

Tests carried out to prove conformity

with the
requirements of this standard. These are intended to
prove the general quality and design of a given type of
machine.
4 OPERATING

CONDITIONS

4.1 Altitude, Temperature

4.1.2.3 Characteristics
of
hydrogen-cooled machines.

and Coolant

4.1.1 Altitude

4.1.2.1

and Temperature

in

NOTE For safety reason, the hydrogen content should at all

times be maintained at 90 percent or more, it being assumed that
the other gas in the mixture is air.

Height above sea level not exceeding 1000 m.

For machines intended for operation on a site where
the altitude is in excess of 1000 m (see 6.3 of
IS 12802).
Temperature

gas used as coolant

Hydrogen-cooled
machines
shall be capable of
operating at a rated output underrated conditions with
a coolant containing not less than 95 percent hydrogen
by vohtme.

Machines
shall be designed
for the following
operating site conditions, unless other conditions are
specified by the purchaser.

4.1.2 Ambient
Coolant

bearings.
For these machines the minimum
ambient temperature is +5C; and
Machines having water as a primary or secondary coolant. The minimum ~emperature of the
water and the ambient air is +5C.

For calculating efficiency in accordance with IS 4889

from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles),
the standard composition of the gaseous mixture shall
be 98 percent hydrogen and 2 percent air by volume,
at the specified values of pressure and re-cooled
temperature, unless otherwise agreed between the
manufacturer and the purchaser. Windage losses shall
be calculated at the corresponding density.

of the

Maximum ambient and coolant temperature

The temperature of the air at operating site (which may

be the primary or the secondary coolant, depending on
the ventilation system of the machine) is subject to
seasonal variation, but does not exceed 40C.

4.2 Electrical Conditions

4.2.1 Electrical Supply

For machines intended for operation on a site where

the coolant temperature is low, by reason of high
altitude, see 6.3 of IS 12802.

ac machines within the scope of this standard shall be

suitable for three-phase 50 Hz, with voltage derived
from the nominal voltages given in IS 12360.

Machines intended for operation with a maximum

ambient temperature other than 40C are covered by
5.3 of IS 12802.

In deriving rated voltages for machines, it is necessary

to take into consideration the differences between
distribution and utilization system voltages.
NOTE For large high-voltage ac generators, the voltage may
be selected for optimum performance.

For machines having water-cooled heat exchangers,

the temperature of the water at the intake to the heat
exchangers shall not exceed 25C (see 6.1.4 of
IS 12802).
4.1.2.2

4.2.2 Form and Symmetry of Voltage and Currents

Machines shall be so designed as to be capable of
operating under the conditions detailed in 4.2.2.1,
4.2.2.2 as appropriate (see also 4.2.2.3).

Minimum ambient and coolant temperatures

The minimum temperature of the air at the operating

site (which may be the primary or the secondary
coolant, depending on the ventilation system of the
machine) is15C, the machine being installed and in
operation or at rest and de-energized.

4.2.2.1 In the case of an ac motor, the supply voltage

is assumed to be virtually sinusoidal as defined in item
(a) below. In the case of a polyphase motor, the supply
voltages are also assumed to forma virtually balanced
system as defined in item (b) below. Should the limits
in items (a), and (b), occur simultaneously in service
at the rated load, this shall not lead to any deleterious
temperature in the motor and it is recommended that
the excess resulting temperature rise or temperature
related to the limits specified in 13.2 should be not
more than 10C.

This applies to all machines except the following:

a)

ac machines with rated outputs exceeding

3300 kW (or lcVA) per 1000 r/rein, machines
with rated outputs less than 600 W (or VA) and
all machines having a commutator or sleeve

IS 4722:2001
a)

b)

+
b)

The voltage is considered

to be virtually
sinusoidal. If, when supplying an ac motor at
rated load, the waveform is such that the difference between the instantaneous value and
the instantaneous value of the fundamental
component does not exceed 5 percent of the
amplitude of the latter;
In temperature-rise
testing, as specified in
IS 12802 such amplitude difference shall not
exceed 2.5 percent.
A polyphase voltage system is deemed to
form a virtually balanced system of voltages
if the negative sequence component does not
exceed 1 percent of the positive-sequence
component of the system of voltages over a
long period, or 1.5 percent for a short period
not exceeding a few minutes, and if the voltage
of the zero-sequence
component does not
1 percent of positive-sequence
exceed
component.

4.2.2.3 In the case of a dc motor supplied from a static

power converter, the pulsating voltage and current
affect the performance of the machine. Losses and
temperature rise will increase and the communication
is more difficult compared with a dc motor supplied
from a pure dc power source.

In order to obtain a proper combination of dc motor

and static power converter, the motor manufacturer
should be consulted.
4.3 Voltage
Operation

In temperature-rise testing as, specified in IS 12802,

negative-sequence
component shall be less than 0.5
percent of the positive sequence component of the
system of voltages, the influence of zero-sequence
system being eliminated.
By agreement between
manufacturer and purchaser, the negative-sequence
component of the system of currents maybe measured
instead of the negative-sequence
component of the
voltages, and this shall not exceed 2.5 percent of the
positive-sequence
component
of the system of
currents.

and Frequency

Variation

During

4.3.1 Generators complying with these requirements

shall be capable of suppl ying their rated output at rated
speed (and at rated power factor where separately
controllable) at a voltage that may vary between
95 percent and 105 percent of their rated voltage.
4.3.2 Motors complying with these requirements
shall be capable of providing their rated output with:
a)

NOTE In the vicinity of large single-phase loads (for

example, induction furnaces), and in rural areas particularly on
mixed industrial and domestic systems, supplies may be
distorted beyond the limits set out above. Special
arrangements will then be necessary between the manufacturer
and purchaser.

b)
c)

The terminal voltage differing from its rated

value by not more than * 6 percent, or
The frequency differing from its rated value by
not more than i 3 percent, or
Any combination of (a) and (b).

In the case of continuous operation at the extreme

voltage limits specified above, the temperature-rise
limits stated in Table 1 and Table 2 of IS 12802 shall
not exceed by more than:

4.2.2.2 In the case of an ac generator, the circuit which

it supplies is assumed to be virtually non-deforming
and virtually balanced as defined in items (a) and (b)
below. Should the limits defined in items (a) and (b)
occur simultaneously in service at the rated load, this
shall not lead to any deleterious temperature in the
generator and it is recommended
that the excess
resulting temperature rise of temperature related to the
limits specified in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3 of
IS 12802 should be not more than 10C.

a)
b)

10C for machines

of outputs up to and
including 1000 kW (or kVA), and
5 C for machines of outputs exceeding 1000
kW ( or kVA).

Motors, when operated at the extreme conditions of

voltage and frequency variation, may not necessarily
have their performance
specified in the relevant
standard.

A circuit is considered to be virtually nondeforttiing if, when supplied by a sinusoidal,

that is to say, none of the instantaneous values
differ from the instantaneous value of the same
phase of the fundamental wave by more than
5 percent of the amplitude of the latter.

NOTE Machines should not be operated in service at loads

in excess of their rated load or under conditions differing from
the rated conditions unless it is known that they are suitable for
such use.

,,...

Thus it is necessary for motors intended for static

converter supply to be designed to operate under these
conditions and it is often necessary to provide a dc
motor with an external inductance for reducing the
pulsation.

NOTE Motors shall be able to operate with a negative

sequence component of voltage of 2 percen~ but this
may involve very severe conditions which could affect
the life of motors.

a)

A polyphase circuit is considered to be virtually balanced if, when supplied by a balanced

system of voltage, the system of currents is
virtually balanced, that is to say, neither the
negative-sequence
component nor the zerosequence component
exceeds 5 percent of
the positive sequence component.

IS 4722:2001
Table 1 Weighting Factors
(Clauses 4.2.2.2 and 9.1,2)
Frequency
Hz

Weighting
Factor

Frequency
Hz

Weighting
Factor

(2)

(3)

(4)

2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
2400

2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
3100
3200
33tXl
3400
3500
3600
37Mt
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000

1.79
1.81
1.82
1.84
1.86
1.87
1.89
1.90

1.91
1.93
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.96
1.97
1.97
1.97
1.97
1.97
1.94
1.89
1.83
1.75
1.65
1.51
1.35
1.19
1.04
0.890
0.740
0.610
0.4%
0.396
0.316
0.232
0.199
0.138
0.125
0.100

(1)
16.66
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1550
1600
1650
1700
1750
.1800
1850
1900
1950
2000

4.4 Machine

0.00000117
0.0000444
0.00112
0.00665
0.0223
0.0556
0.111
0.165
0.242
0.327
0.414
0.505
0.585
0.691
0.790
0.895
1.000
1.10
1.21
1.32
1.40
1.46
1.47
1.49
1.50
1.53
1.55
1.57
1.58
1.60
1.61
1.63
1.65
1.66
1.68
1.70
i.71
1.72
1.74
1.75
1.77

mm2
(1)
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
4txl

4.4.1 ac machine shall be suitable for continuous

operation with the neutral at or near earth potential.
They shall also be suitable for operation on unearthed
systems with one line at earth potential for infrequent
periods of short duration; for example, as required for
normal fault clearance.
If it is intended to run the
machine continuously or for prolonged periods in this
condition, a machine with a level of insulation suitable
for this condition will be required and the condition
shall be defined in operating instructions.

NOTE The earthhrg of interconnection of machine neutral

points should not be undertaken without consulting the machine
manufacturers because of the danger of zero-sequence
components of currents of all frequencies under some operating
conditions and the possible mechanical damage to the winding
due to line-to-neutral fault conditions.

5 TYPES OF ENCLOSURES
Machines covered by this standard shall have one of
the degree of protection as given in IS 4691.
6 METHOD

OF COOLING

The methods of cooling of rotating electrical machines

and their designations shall be in accordance with
IS 6362.
7 ASSIGNMENT

OF RATINGS

7.1 The ratings assignment to the electrical machines

shall take into account the class and type of duty
covered in IS 12824 and as marked on the rating plate
(see 3.1).
7.2 Preferred

Voltages

For the purpose of this standard, the preferred voltage

shall be in accordance with IS 12360.
7.2.1 The voltages preferred for three-phase 50 Hz
machines are 415 V, 3.3 kV, 6.6 kV, and 11 kV.
NOTES
1 The voltages above 11 kV are subjeet to mutual agreement
between the manufacturer and the user.
2 The coordinationof voltage and output ratings of ac machines
is given in 10.1.

t%ss-Seetional Area of the

Earth of Protective
rnrr?
(2)
4
6
10
16
25
25
25
35
50
70
70
95
120
150
185

7.3 Frequency

and Number

For ac machines the frequency

frequency of 50 Hz.

of Phases
shall be the standard

7.3.1 The standard number of phases for ac machines

shall be three.
7.4 Preferred Rated Output
The rated output of the various types of rotating
electrical machines should be assigned in accordance
with IS 12824.

/I

Earthing

If the windings do not have the same insulation at the

line and the neutral ends, this shall be defined in
operating instructions.

Table 2 Cross-Sectional Areas of Earth Conductor

(Clauses 4.2.2.2 and 12.1.6)
Cross-SectionalArea of
the Live Condrretor

Neutral

IS 4722:2001
7.4.2 The output ratings above 110 kW shall follow
the R20 series covered in IS 1076.

Table 3 Overspeed
(Clauses 4.2.2.2 and 17.1)
Item
Machine Type
No.
(1)
(2)
1 ac machines:
All machines except
those specified beiow:

@ Water-turbine driven
genera
tors, any
auxiliary machines
connected
directly
(electrically
or
mechanically) to the
main machine
b) Machines which may
certain
under
circumstances
be
driven by the load
c) Series and universal
motors

dc machines:
and
O Shunt-wound
separately
excited
motors
b) Compound-wound
motors having speed
regulation of 35 percent
or less
c) Compound-wound
motors, having speed
regulation greater than
35 percent and serieswound motors
d) Permanent-magnet
excited motors -

e) Generators

7.5 Machines with More Than One Rating

OverSpeedRequirements

7.5.1 Ratings for Multi-speed

(3)

For multi-speed motors,

assigned for each speed.

1.2 times the maximum rated

speed
Unless otherwise specified, the
runaway speed of the set but not
less than 1.2 times the maximum
rated speed

7.5.2 Rating
Quantities

The specified runaway speed of

the set but not less than 1.2 times
the maximum rated speed
1.1 times the no-load streed at
rated voltage. For motors
integrally attached to loads that
cannot become accidentally
disconnected, the term no-load
speed shall be interpreted to
mean the lightest load condition
possible with the load

Machines

8 MACHINES
FOR
VOLTAGES,
FREQUENCY
PHASES

rating shall be

with

Varying

NON-STANDARD
AND NUMBER OF

Machines within the scope of this standard for use on

systems complying voltages, frequencies and phases
other thun standard shall be considered as complying
with this standard provided they comply with this
standard in all other respects. The voltages, frequency
and number of phases for which they are designed
shall be stated on the rating-plate.

1.2 times the highest rated speed

or 1.15 times the corresponding
no-load speed, whichever is
greater
1.2 times the highest rated speed
or 1.15 times the corresponding
no-load speed, whichever is
greater but not exceeding 1.5
times the highest rated speed
As per mutual agreement
between the manufacturer and
purchaser

IRREGULARITIES

OF WAVEFORM

9.1 The requirements of this clause apply only to

synchronous machines of 300 kW or (kVA) or above,
intended for connection to power networks operating
at rated frequencies of 16 2/3 Hz 100 Hz inclusive,
with a view to minimizing interference between power
lines and adjacent circuits.

Overspeeds as spmitied in item

2(a), unless the motor has a
series winding and, in such a
case, they shall withstand the
overspeeds specified in item 2(b)
or 2(c) as appropriate
1.2 times the rated soeed

..

9.1.1 Requirements
When tested on open circuit and at rated speed and
voltage, the telephone harmonic factor (THF) of the
line-to-line terminal voltage as measured according
to 9.1.2 shall not exceed the following value:
Rated Output

The preferred output ratings for dc motors and ac

induction motors up to and including 110 kW are:
kW
1.1
1.5
2.2
3.7
5.5
7.5
11
15

a definite

When a rated quantity (output, voltage, speed, etc)

may assume several values or vary continuously
within two limits, the values shall be stated at these
limits. This provision
does not apply to voltage
variation of N percent or to star-delta connections
intended for starting.

7.4.1 Preferred Outputs of Motors

kW
0.06
0.09
0.12
0.18
0.25
0.37
0.55
0.75

for

Motors

kW
18.5
22
30
37
45
55
75
90
110

THF,
percent

300 kW (or kVA) e P S 1000 kW (or kVA)

1f)CtOkW(orkVA)<PS5000

5000 kW (or kVA) < P

kW (or kVA)

1.5

NOTES

1 Limiting values of individual harmonics are not specified as

it is considered that machines which meet the above
requirements shall be operationally satisfactory,
2 Where the synchronous machine is to be connected to the
system in an unusual manner (for example, where the star point
of machine is connected to earth and the machine is not linked
to the system via a transformer), the waveform requirements
should be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

IS 4722:2001
9.1.2 Tests conformity with 9.1.1, shall be verified by
type tests on ac generators. The range of frequencies
measured
shall cover all harmonics
from rated
frequency up to 5000 Hz. Either the THF may be
measured directly by means of a meter and associated
network specially designed for the purpose or each
individual harmonic shall be measured and from the
measured values the THF shall be computed using the
following formula:
THF (percent)=
100
E12klz+
7{

Ez2~z2+Es

2ks2+

.....+E.2

11 DUTY AND RATING

The type of duty and class of rating of rotating
electrical machine shall be in accordance
with
IS 12824.

12.1

where
=

rms value of nth harmonic

terminal voltage,

line-to-line

rms value of line-to-line

voltage of machine, and

terminal

An =

weighting
factor
for frequency
corresponding to nth harmonic.

1.8
1.6

12.1.3 The earth terminal shall be designed to ensure

a good connection with the earth conductor without
any damage to the conductor or terminal. Accessible
conducting parts which are not part of the operating
circuit shall have a good electrically
conducting
connection with each other and with the earth terminal.
The shaft need not be electrically connected to the
earth terminal unless the bearings are insulated and the
accessible parts of the shaft and of these insulated
bearings can be subjected
to dangerous
contact
voltages under fault conditions.

1.4
1.2
1.0
008
1.6

0.4
0.2
0

12.1.4 When an earth terminal is provided in the

terminal box, it shall be assumed that the earth
conductor is made of the same metal as the live
conductors.

AND

12.1.5 When an earth terminal is provided on the

frame, the earth conductor may, by agreement, be
made of another metal (that is, steel). In this case, in
designing the terminal, proper consideration shall be
given to the conductivity of the conductor.

0
FREQUENCY
FIG.

Iiz

1 WEIGHING CURVE

10 CO-ORDINATION
OUTPUTS

OF VOLTAGES

In the case of ac machines, the rated output should be

greater than the limits given below in terms of the rated
voltage:
Rated Voltage (UtJ
kV

100

3.3< u. <6.6

200

<11

12.1.6 The earth terminal

shall be designed to
accommodate an earth conductor of crosssectional
area in accordance with the Table 2. If an earth
conductor larger than the size given in the Table 2 is
used, it is recommended that it should correspond as
nearly as possible to one of the other sizes listed.

Minimum Rated Output

kW or kVA

2< U. <3.3

6.6<U.

Earth Terminali

12.1.2 Machines for rated voltages higher than 1000

V ac or 1500 V dc, shall have an earth terminal on the
frame, for example, an iron strap and in addition a
means inside the terminal box for connecting cable
armour, if any.

2.0

if
*
~
+
x
g

12.1.1 In the case of machines having rated voltages

above 42 V, but not exceeding 1000 V ac or 1500 V
dc, the terminal for the earth conductor shall be
situated in the vicinity of the terminals for the line
conductors,
being placed in the terminal box if
provided. Machines having rated outputs in excess of
100 kW shall have, in addition, an earth terminal fitted
on the frame.

Numerical values of the weighting factor for different

frequencies shall be obtained from Table 1. The curve
in Fig. 1 may be used as an aid to interpolation.

m
o
g

REQUIREMENTS

Machines shall be provided with means for connecting

a protective conductor or an earth conductor, such
means being identified by the appropriate symbol or
legend. This requirement does not apply to machines
with supplementary insulation, to machines with rated
voltages up to 42 V, or to machines for assembling in
supplementary insulation.

kf12

En

,.$,
,-.

12 CONSTRUCTIONAL

1000
7

,$

..

IS 4722:2001
14.1 Occasional Excess Current for ac Generators

12.1.7 For other cross-sectional

areas of the live
conductors, the earth protective conductor shall have
cross-sectional areas at least equivalent to:
a) that of the live conductor for cross-sectional
b)

areas less than 25 mm2,

25 mm2forcross-sectional

c)

mm2 and 50 mm2,

50 percent of that of the live conductor

d)

ac generators having rated outputs not exceeding 1200

MVA shall be capable of withstanding a current equal
to 1.5 times the rated current for not less than 30s.
14.1.1 ac generators having rated outputs above 1200
MVA shall be capable of withstanding a current equal
to 1.5 times the rated current for a period which shall
be agreed between
the manufacturer
and the
purchaser, but this period shall not be less than 15s.

areas between25
for

cross-sectional areas exceeding 50 mm2, and

the
earth
terminal shall be identified by
symbol_!_.
=

12.2 Mounting

14.2 Occasional Excess Current for dc Machines

and ac Motors (Except Commutator
Motors)

Arrangements

The designation
for types of construction
mounting arrangements
shall be in accordance
IS 2253.
12.3 Shaft Extension

Three-phase ac motors having outputs not exceeding

315 kW and rated voltage not exceeding 1 kV shall be
capable of withstanding a current equal to 1.5 times
the rated current for not less than 2 min.

and
with

NOTE For three-phasemotors having rated outputs above

315 kW and all single-phasemotors, no occasional excess

Key

currentis specified.
When the machine shaft extension is provided with
keyway, it should be provided with a full key of normal
shape and length.

14.3 Occasional Excess Current

and ac Commutator
Motors

NOTE The use of shaft extension key for the purpose of

vibration measurement is covered in IS 12075.

dc motors and generators and ac commutator motors

shall be capable of withstanding
at the highest
full-field speed (rated speed of a generator) and
corresponding armature voltage. A current equal to 1.5
times the rated current for not less than 1 min.

13 TEMPERATURE-RISE
13.1 The determination
of temperature-rise
of
rotating electrical machine delivering rated output
under the rated condition of voltage, frequency and
power factor shall be in accordance with IS 12802.

14.3.1 For large machines, a shorter time may be

agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser
but this shall be not less than 30s.

13.2 The limits of temperature-rise

applicable to
rotating electrical machines shall be in accordance
with Table 1 to Table 3 of IS 12802.
14 OCCASIONAL
EXCESS
ROTATING
MACHINES
The excess current capability of
the purpose of co-ordinating
control and protective devices.
these capabilities
are not a
standard.

CURRENT

for dc Machines

15 MOMENTARY
MOTORS

EXCESS

15.1 Polyphase Induction Motors

(Excluding Motors in 15.2)

FOR

TORQUE

FOR

and dc Motors

The motors
shall,
whatever
their duty and
construction, be capable of withstanding for 15 s,
without stalling or abrupt change in speed (under
gradual increase of torque), an excess torque, of 60
percent of their rated torque, the voltage and frequency
(induction motors) being maintained at their rated
values. For dc motors, the torque maybe expressed in
terms of overload current.

machines is given for

these machines with
Tests to demonstrate
requirement
of this

The heating effect in the machine windings varies

approximately as the product of the time and the
square of current. A current in excess of the rated
current will result in increased temperattrte.
Unless
otherwise agreed between the manufacturer and the
purchaser, it can be assumed that the machine will not
be operated at the excess currents specified for more
than a few short periods during the lifetime of the
machine.

15.1.1 Motors for duty Type S9 (see IS 12824) shall

be capable of withstanding momentarily an excess
torque determined according to the duty specified.
NOTE For an approximate determination of the change of
temperature due to the course of the current-related losses,
thermal equivalent time constant, determined according to
IS 12S02 maybe used. In addition in the case of commutator
machine, attention, should be given to the limits of commutation
capability.

When an ac machine is to be used both as generator

and a motor, the excess current capability should be
the subject of agreement between the manufacturer
and the purchaser,

15.2 Induction Motors for Specific Applications

For motors intended for specific application which
require high torque (for example, for hoisting), excess
8

IS 4722:2001
torque shall be the subject of agreement between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.

17 OVERSPEED
17.1 Machines shall be designed
speeds specified in Table 3.

15.2.1 For cage-type

induction motors specially
designed to ensure a starting current less than 4.5 times
the rated current, the excess torque can be below the
figure of 60 percent given in 15.1, but not less than
50 percent.
15.2.2 In the case of
with special inherent
motors intended for
value of the excess
agreement
between
purchaser.
15.3 Polyphase

17.1.2 An overspeed test shall be considered

as
satisfactory if no permanent abnormal deformation is
apparent subsequently,
and no other deficiency is
detected which would prevent the machine from
operating normally, and provided the rotor windings
after the test comply with the required dielectric tests.
The duration of any overspeed test shall be 2 min.

Motors

15.3.1 Unless
otherwise
agreed,
a polyphase
synchronous motor irrespective of the duty, shall be
capable of withstanding an excess torque as specified
below for 15s without falling out of synchronism, the
excitation
being
maintained
at the value
corresponding
to rated load.
When brushless
excitation is used, the limits of torque shall be the same
value with the excitation equipment operating under
normal conditions:
Synchronous (wound rotor)
induction motors

35 percent excess
torque

Synchronous
motors

(cylindrical

35 percent excess
torque

Synchronous
motors

(salient pole)

rotor)

17.1.3 Due to settling of laminated

rotor rims,
laminated poles held by wedges or by bolts, etc, a
minute permanent increase in the diameter is natural,
and is not to be considered as an abnormal deformation
indicating that the machine is not suitable for normal
operation.
17.2 During commissioning of a hydraulic turbine
driven synchronous generator, the machine shall be
driven at the speed it can reach with the overspeed
protection operating, so as to ascertain that the balance
quality is satisfactory up to that speed.
18 UNBALANCED
CURRENTS
SYNCHRONOUS
MACHINES

50 percent excess
torque

The momentary
excess torque for single-phase,
commutator and other motors shall be the subject of
agreement
between
the manufacturer
and the
purchaser.

and
capable of operating with the product of (12/ln)2
time in second (t) not exceeding the value in Table 4.

TORQUE

16.0 Unless otherwise specified, the pull-up torque of

cage induction motors under full voltage shall be at
least equal to the following values.
16.1 Sbgle Speed Three-Phase

For output less than 100 kW:

0.5 times the rated torque, and
0.5 times the locked rotor torque.

b)

For output equal to or greater than 100 kW:

0.3 times the rated torque, and
0.5 times the locked rotor torque.
Multi-Speed

Three-Phase

19 SHORT-CIRCUIT

CURRENT

19.1 Unless otherwise specified, the peak value of the

short-circuit current for synchronous machines, and
turbine-type machines not covered by IS 5422. In case
of short-circuit of all phases during operation at rated
voltages, shall not exceed 15 times the peak value or
21 times therms value of the rated current.

Motors

a)

16.2

OF

18.1 Unless otherwise

specified,
three-phase
synchronous machines shall be capable of operating
continuously on an unbalanced system such that, with
none of the phase currents exceeding the rated current,
the ratio of the negative sequence component of
current (12) to the rated current(L) does not exceed the
values in Table 4 and under fault conditions, shall be

15.4 Other Motors

16 PULL-UP

the

17.1.1 An overspeed test is not normally considered

necessary but can be performed when this is specified
and has been agreed to between the manufacturer and
the purchaser
(For turbine-type ac generators see
also IS 5422).

special types of induction motor

starting properties, for example
use at variable frequency, the
torque shall be the subject of
the manufacturer
and the

Synchronous

to withstand

19.1.1 For three-phase

IS 5422.

turbine-type

machines, see

19.1.2 The check may be carried out by calculation or

by means of a test at a voltage of 50 percent of the rated
voltage or above.
8

Motors

0.3 times the rated torque.

9

IS 4722:2001
20.1.2 The test is considered
satisfactory
if no
harmful deformation occurs and if the requirements of
the applied voltage dielectric test (see 30 and Table 6)
are met after the short-circuit test. For three-phase
(see IS 5422).
Maxtmum (12/1.)Maximum (lz/1n)2t turbine-type-machines

Table 4 Unbalanced Operating Conditions for

Synchronous Machines
(Clause 18.1)
Item

Machine Type

No.

(1)

for Continuous
Operation
(2)

(3)

1 Salient pole machines

Indirectly cooled:
motors
generators
synchronous condensers

0.1
0.08
0.1

20
20
20

0.08

15
15
15

2 Directly cooled (innercooled) stator

and/or field
motors
generators
synchronous condensers
cylindrical rotor synchronous
machines

0.05

3 Indirectly cooled rotoc

air-cooled
hydrogen-cooled

0.1

0.08

20.2 Excitation
20.2.1

15
10

0.08
see Note 1
see Note 1
0.05

8
see Note 2
5
5

NOTES
1 The operating conditions stated above are only intended to
ascertain that the reserve excitation is sufficient and are not
associated with any temperature-rise condhion. However, if the
test is carried out after a temperature-rise test, it is recommended
that its duration be limited in order to prevent winding
temperatures from exceeding the limits of temperature resulting
from the values specified in Tables 1 to 3 of IS 12802.
2 The above requirement shall not apply to compound
generators without any voltage regulation system.
3 If the operating temperatureof field winding is not known, it
shatl be considered to be 75C for windkrg of Classes A, E and
B and 115Cfor Classes F and H.

NOTES

1 Forthesemachines,the@ue of12/1.k calculatedasfollows:

12/1. = 0.08-

[1

s -350

3 x 104

2 For these mach:nes, the ~alue of (12/1,,)is calculated as

follows:
(12/[.)2[= (84.005 45) (S. - 350)
Where
S,,is the ratedapparentpowerin MVA

Withstand

The ceiling voltage shall not be less than 1.4 times the
rated excitation voltage for a minimum of 10s.
20.2.2

AND
20 SHORT-CIRCUIT
WITHSTAND
EXCITATION
OF SYNCHRONOUS
MACHINES
20.1
Short-Circuit
Synchronous
Machines

Generator Reserve Excitation

When running at the rated operating temperature and

at rated speed, generators
shall be capable of
developing for a short time their rated voltage and a
current eqtrat to 125 percent of the rated current
(at rated power factor for ac generators).
For
separately excited or self excited machines, the field
winding shall be designed accordingly. For machines
with direct coupled exciter, the exciter shall be capable
of supplying the required excitation voltage.

0.1

4 Directly cooled (innercooled) rotor

<350 MVA

>350 <900 MVA

>900<1250MVA
>1250< 1600 MVA

for Oswatfon
Und& Fault
Conditions
(4)

Test

for

The three-phase short-circuit test for synchronous

machines shall be carried out only at the request of the
purchaser. In this case, the test shall be carried out on
the machine running on no load with an excitation
corresponding to the rated voltage unless otherwise
The test shall not be cat-tied out with an
agreed.
corresponding
to
excitation
greater than
that
1.05 times the rated voltage at no load.
20.1.1 The test excitation, as determined, may be
reduced by agreement between the manufacturer and
the purchaser,
in order to take into account the
impedance of the transformer which may be placed
between the machines and the system. In this latter
case, it may also be agreed that the test be made on the
operating site with the over-excitation
device in
operation. The short-circuit shall be maintained for
3 s.

Ceiling Voltage (Up)

The ceiling voltage of the excitation

system of
non-compounded
synchronous
condensers is the
maximum voltage at which the excitation system is
capable of operation, with field windings of the
machine at their operating temperature.
20.2.3 Initial Excitation System Response
The initial excitation system response is the initial rate
of increase in the excitation voltage expressed by its
relative value in relation to the excitation voltage for
the rated conditions
of the main machine,
the
temperature being the ceiling voltage to be attained in
the shortest possible time.
The conventional expression
system response is:
up Ufn
Ufn

x tt

of the initial exciatioti

P1
=

tt

where

10

Ufn =

Excitation
voltage
for the
conditions of the main machine;

up =

Excitation ceiling voltage;

rated

IS 4722:2001
P

tl =

24 POWER

Q; ~n~
Uflr
The time required for the excitation
voltage
U. to
increase
from
Ufn to ( Ufn + 0.632 (UP - Ufn)).

The reciprocal of the initial excitation system response

shall be less than 2s.
NOTE If the operatingtemperatureof field windingis not
known,it shallbeconsideredto be 75Cforwindingsof Classes
A, E and B and 115Cfor ClassesF and H.

20.2.4 Excitation Response Ratio

FACTOR

If a statement of power factor is required for an

induction motor the purchaser shall specify at the time
of enquiry the loads on which the statement is to be
based. Tolerances are given in Table 5.
25 TOLERANCES
Unless otherwise specified, tolerances shall be in
accordance with Table 5. Where a tolerance is stated
in only one direction the tolerance in thi other
direction is considered unimportant.

The excitation response ratio is the initial excitation

system response
(see 20.2.3) as calculated
by
replacing the actual change in voltage by a linear
variation leading to the same mean value as measured
during the first half second unless otherwise agreed.

26 TERMINAL

In the case of a measurement made during the first

halfsecond,
the excitation response ratio will be
expressed by:

27.1 Every electrical machine shall be provided with

a rating plate (or rating plates), containing
the
following appropriate information which shall be
easily legible and durable. This complete information
need not be on the same plate. As far as possible, the
rating plate(s) shall be fixed to the frame of the
machine and, unless otherwise specified, located in
such a way as to be easily legible in the position of use
as determined by the type of construction of the
machine.
a) Reference to this Indian Standard, that is,
IS 4722;
b) The manufacturers name;
number
of
c) The manufacturers
serial
identification mark and year of manufacture;
d) Frame reference in accordance with IS 1231,
if applicable;
e) Type of machine, a motor or generator, shunt,
series, compound, cage, etc;
0 The class of rating or the duty type according
to IS 12824;
The
rated voltage;
g)
h) The rated output in kW or kVA;
j) The rated curren~
k) Type of current(dc or at);
m) Rated speed or speed range in revolutions per
minute;
n) The class of insulation or the permissible
temperature-rise;
P) For hydrogen-cooled machines, the hydrogen
pressure at rated output
if the
q) The maximum ambient temperature
machine is designed for a maximum ambient
temperature other than 40C, or the maximum
water temperature if the machine is designed
for a maximum water temperature other than
25C;
r) The altitude, if the machine is designed to be
used at altitude exceeding 1000 m;

41 Ufn (0.5) Ufn 1

Ufn
Where
Ufn

Ufn (0.5)=

Excitation
voltage
for the rated
condition of the main machine; and
Mean value of the excitation
during the first half-second.

21 LIMITS OF VIBRATION

voltage

SEVERITY

Unless otherwise specified, the limits of vibration

severity for the machine shall be within the limits
specified in IS 12075.
22 COMMUTATION
Commutation of dc machines and ac Commutator
Motor (Excluding
those of the Brush Shifting
Type)
The machine shall work with brush fixed setting from
no load to the momentary overload specified in 14
and 15 without injurious sparking or injury to the
commutator or brushes.
Annex B gives the details of the grades of sparking that
may be used in specifying the degree of sparking.
23 EFFICIENCY
If a statement of efficiency is required, the purchaser
shall specify at the time of enquiry the load and in
the case of ac generators and synchronous motors,
the power factor to which the statement shall apply.
The method of arriving at the efficiency shall be as
set out in IS 4889.
Tolerances are specified in
Table 5.

. 4
..

MARKINGS

Terminal markings, when used, shall be in accordance

with IS 4728.
27 RATING

11

PLATES

IS 4722:2001
Table 5 Schedule of Tolerance
(Clauses 23,24 and 25)
Tolerance
(3)

S1No.
Item
(1)
(2)
1 Efficiency
a) By summation of losses:
Machines up to 50 kW
Machines above 50 kW
b) By input-output test
2 Total losses (see Note 1) applicable to machines
above 50 kW
3 Power factor for induction machines
4

-15percentof(l
-q)
-lOpercentof(l
-q)
-15 percent of (1 - q)
+ 10percent of the total losses
-1/6 of (1 - cos $ )

a) Speed of dc shunt and separate excitation motors (at full load and
at working temperature)

b)

Speedof dc seriesmotors (at full load and at working temperature)

c) Speed of dc compound excitation motors (at full load and at working

temperature)
5

6
7

a) Slip of induction motors (at full load and at working temperature):

1) machines having output 1 kW(or kVA) or more
2) machines having output less than 1 kW (or kVA)
b) Speed of ac motors with shunt characteristics (at full load and at working
temperature)

inherent voltage regulation of dc generators, shut or separately excited at any

point on the characteristic
Inherent voltage regulation of generatcxswithcompoundexcitation (at the rated
powerfactor in the case of alternating current)

Locked rotor current of cage induction motors with short-circuited rotor and
with any specified starting apparatus
9 Peak values of short-circuit of ac generator under specified conditions
10 Steady short-circuit current of an ac generator under specified conditions
11 Variation of speed of dc shunt-wound and compound wound motors
(from no-load to full load)
12 Locked rotor torque of induction motors
13 Pull-up torque of induction motors
14 Pull-out torque of induction motors

15 Moment of inertia
16 Locked rotor torque for synchronous motors
17 Pull-out torque for synchronous motors

18 Locked rotor current for synchronousmotors

19 Voltage balance test at no load

12

:kfin 0.02

:Max0.07
f 15 percenL if (kW/l CN30
rev/rein)< 0.67
+ 10 percent, if [0.67 < (kW/l 000 rev/rein)< 2.51
+ 7.5 percent, if [2.5s (kW/ 1000 rev/rein)< 10]
+ 5.o pement, if (kW/100 rev/rein) ~ 10
&20 percent, if (kW/l COOrev/rein)< 0.67
f 15 percent, if [0.67s (kW/l 000 revlmin) <2.51
+ 10 percent, if [2.5 S (kW/ 1000 rev/rein)< 101
f 7,5 percent, if (kW/100 rev/rein) 210
Tolerances as per item 4 (b) unless otherwise
agreed between the manufacturerand the purchaser.
i 20 percent of the guaranteed slip
i 30 percent of the guaranteed slip
On the highest speed:
-3 percent of the synchronous speed
On the lowest speed:
+ 3 percent of the synchronous speed
f 20 percent of the guaranteed regulation at that
point
f 20 percent of the guaranteed regulation, with a
minimum of +3 percent of the rated voltage
(TMs tolerance appfies to the maximum deviation
at any load between the observed voltage at that
load and a stmightlinedrawn between the points of
guaranteed no-load and full-load voltage)
+20 percent of the guaranteed current (no lower
limit)
* 30 percent of the guaranteed value
* 15 percent of guaranteed value

.+20 percent of the guaranteed variation

with a minimum of i 2 percent of the rated speed
-15 percent +25 percent of the guaranteed torque
(+25 percent may be exceeded by agreement)
+15 percent of the guaranteed torque
-10 percent of the guaranteed torque except that
after allowing for this tolerance, the torque shall be
not les rJran1.6or 1.5tis therated torque (see 15)
t 10 percent of the guaranteed value
-15 percent +25 percent of the guaranteed value
(+25 percent may be exceded by agreement)
10 percent of the guaranteed value except that after
allowing for this tolerance, the torque shall be not
less than 1.35or 1.5timesthe ratedtorque (see 14)
+20 percent of the guranteed value (no lower limit)
+1%

IS 4722:2001
s)

The mass of the machine shall be indicated, if

greater than 30kg when this indication is of
interest; and
t) Additional information required, if any see
27.2.
NOTE The above items are numbered for convenient
referencebut the order in wh]chthey appearon the ratingplate
is not standardized.
27.2 Additional
27.2.1

Information

on Rating Plate

dc Machines

a)
b)

c)

Frequency in Hz;
Number of phases and winding connections
designated by appropriate symbols in accordance with IS 4728; and
For wound-rotor
(slipring) machines, open
circuit rotor voltage and full load rotor current.

28 INFORMATION
TO BE GIVEN
ENQUIRY AND ORDER

WITH

The details are given in Annex C.

The rating plate shall carry the following particulars

in addition to &ose given in 27.2:
Rated field current and voltage, if separately excited.

29 TESTS

27.2.2

The tests specified in these clauses shall normally be

carried out at manufacturers works.

ac Generators

The rating plate shall carry the following particulars

in addition to those given in 27.1:
a)
b)
c)

d)

e)

Rated frequency in Hz and number of phases;

Power factor;
Winding connectors designated by appropriate
symbols in accordance with IS 4728;
Rated field (excitation) current and voltage at
rated output; and
The permissible overspeed, if applicable (for
example,
turbine-type
generators
and
hydraulic-turbine driven generators).

27.2.3 Synchronous Motor or Synchronous Induction

Motor or Condensers

29.1 General

29.2 Test Certificates

29.2.1 Unless otherwise specified when inviting
tenders,
the purchaser
if so desired
by the
manufacturer, shall accept manufacturers certificate,
as evidence of the compliance of the machine with the
requirements of temperature-rise test (see IS 12802),
14 and 15 on a machine identical in essential details
with the one purchased, together with routine tests on
each individual machine. In the case when a batch of
20 or more similar machines is supplied on one order,
type
.- tests, as specified, shall be made on one of these
machines, if the purchaser so requires.
29.2.2 Certificates of routine tests shall show that the
machine purchased has been run and has been found
to be electrically and mechanically
sound and in
working order in all particulars.

The rating plate shall carry the following information

or rating plate, in addition to those given in 27.1:
a)

Rated frequency in Hz and number of phases;

b)

Winding
connections
designated
by appropriate symbols in accordance with IS 4728;

c)

Rated input in kVA or MVA, in case of

synchronous condensers;
Rated current in amperes or rated output (for
motors) and input (for condensers)
Rated field (excitation) current and voltage at
rated input for separately excited machines;
Power factor;
For asynchronous motor intended to be started
as an induction motor, standstill voltage between the sliprings (or secondary terminals) in
starting condition;
Secondary current for synchronous induction
motOrs; and
Permissible overspeed, if applicable.

d)
e)
f)
g)

h)
j)
27.2.4

29.2.3 If so specified, at the time of enquiry, tests shall

be carried out at the manufacturers
works in the
presence of the purchaser or his representative to
ensure that the machine complies in every respect with
the requirements given in this draft standard and
agreed to earlier at the time of agreement.
29.2.4 Certificates of all type tests together with a
record of any alterations, whether essential or not,
which have been made to the machine since the type
tests were carried out, shall be kept available by the
manufacturer for inspection.
29.3 Classification

of Tests

NOTE Impulse tests on windings of rotating electrical

machines are under consideration.

29.3.1

Irrduction Motor and ac Commutator Motor

29.3.1.1

The following information, in addition to 27.1, shall

be given on the rating plate:

Induction Motors and Generators

Type tests

The following shall constitute the type tests:

13

c. ,

,
A

IS 4722:2001
a)
b)
c)
d)

e)

Measurements of stator resistance and rotor

resistance of slipring motors;
No load running of motor and reading of voltage, current, power input and speed;
Open circuit voltage ration on slipring
motors:
Reduced voltage running up test at no load (for
squirrel cage motors only)

d)

To check the ability of the motor to run up to

full speed on no load, the value of reduced
voltage in case of motors up to 37 kW shall be
I/@of the rated line voltage in each direction
of rotation of motors.

j)
k)
m)

For motors above 37 kW, the value of reduced

voltage shall be l/~ of rated line voltage of
less but only in the specified direction of
rotation of motov
Locked rotor readings of voltage, current,
power input and torque of squirrel cage
motors;

P)

e)
f)
g)
h)

n)

@
r)
s)

NOTE This test may be made at a reduced voltage.

f-) Full load values of voltage,

input and slip;
g) Temperature-rise test;
h) Momentary excess torque;
j)
k)
29.3.1.2

current,

power

Insulation resistance test (both before and after

the high Dielectric tests); and
Dielectric tests.

t)

29.3.2.2

b)
c)
d)
e)

f)

29.3.2

Routine tests

29.3.2.1

Insulation resistance tests (before Dielectric

test only);
Dielectric test;
No load running of motor and reading of
current in the three-phase and voltage;
Locked-rotor
readings of voltage, current
power input at a suitable reduced voltage;
Reduced voltage running up test at no load to
check the ability of the motor to run up to full
speed on no load in each direction of rotation
with l/fi of the rated line voltage applied to
the stator terminals (for squirrel cage motors
only); and
Open circuit voltage ratio (for slipring motors
only).
Synchronous

Routine tests

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Measurement of winding resistance;

Insulation resistance test;
Phase sequence test;
Regulation test (for generators only);
Measurement
of open-circuit
characteristic
(for generators only);

f)

Measurement
of short-circuit characteristic
(for generators only)(see Note 1);

@
h)

Dielectric test;
Measurement of bearing currents for machines
above 1000 kW; and
Pressure test on coolers
for closed-circuit
cooling.

j)

29.3.3
29.3.3.1

de Motors and Generators

Type tests

The following shall constitute the type tests:

a)
b)
c)

Motors and Generators

;ype tests

The following shall constitute the type tests:

d)
a)
b)
c)

Occasional excess current test;

Overspeed test
Insulation resistance test (both before and after
Dielectric test);
Dielectric tes~
Starting
current
and torque
test (for
synchronous motors);
Determination of deviation of voltage wageform from sinusoidal (for generators only);
Measurement of bearing current for machines
above 1000 kW;
Short-circuit withstand test and measurement
of reactance and time constants (for generators
above 1000 kW only); and
Pressure test on coolers for closed circuit
cooling.

-.

The following shall constitute the routine tests:

The following shall constitute the routine tests:

a)

Measurement of leakage reactance and potier

reactance (for generators only);
Measurement
of open-circuit
characteristic
(for generators only);
Measurement
of short-circuit
characteristic
(for generators only);
Efficiency test;
Temperature-rise test;

Measurement of winding resistance;

Phase sequence test;
Regulation test (for generators only);
14

Measurement of winding resistance;

Measurement of insulation resistance;
Determination of open-circuit characteristics
(subject to agreement between the purchaser
and the supplier);
Determination
of regulation characteristics
(subject to agreement between the purchaser
and the supplier);

..

IS 4722:2001
e)

f)
.9
h)

Determination of external characteristics( for

generators only) this test shall be applicable for
generators
having
output ratings above
150 kW and shall be subject to agreement
between the purchaser and the supplie~
Temperature-rise test;
Commutation-rise
test;
Determination of efficiency of machines;
NOTE For sliprings alternators these tests are
conducted with respect to main field current and for
brusbless these tests are carried out with respect to field
current.

j)
k)

m)
n)
29.3.3.2

c)
d)

30.1.5 During the routine testing of quantity produced

machines, the one-minute test may be replaced:
a)

Load saturation characteristics (for exciters

only);
Nominal
exciter response
for dc exciters
(subject to agreement between the purchaser
and the supplier);

b)

Overspeed test; and

Dielectric test.

Measurement of winding resistance;

Measurement of insulation resistance,
and after high voltage test;
Commutation test; and
Dielectric test.

30 ELECTRIC

STRENGTH

30.1 Dielectric

Test

for machines up to 200 kW (or kVA) and with

rated voltages up to 660 V, by a test of
approximately 5 s at the normal test voltage
specified in Table 6; and
for machines up to 5 kW (or kVA) by a test of
approximately 120 percent of the normal test
voltage in Table 6.

The test voltage being applied by means of probe.

Routine tests

The following shall constitute the routine tests:

a)
b)

30.1.4 The test shall be commenced at a voltage of not

more than one half of the full test voltage. The voltage
shall then be increased to the full value steadily or in
steps of not more than 5 percent of the full value, the
time allowed for the increase of the voltage from half
value being not less than 10 s. The full test voltage
shall then be maintained for 1 minute in accordance
with the value as specified in Table 6.

before

30.1.6 The high voltage test at full voltage made on

the windings on acceptance shall not be repeated. If,
however, a second test is made at the request of the
purchaser after further drying if considered necessary,
the voltage shall be 80 percent of the voltage specified
in Table 6.
30.1.7 Completely rewound windings shall be tested
at the full test voltage for new machines.
30.1.8 When a user and a repair contractor have
agreed to carry out dielectric tests in cases where
windings have been partially rewound or in the case
of an overhauled machine, the following provisions
are recommended:

30.1.1 The high voltage shall be applied between the

windings under test and the frame of the machine with
the core and the windings not under test connected to
the frame. It shall be applied only to a new and
completed machine with all its parts in place under
conditions equivalent to normal working conditions
and shall be carried out at the manufacturer works.
When the temperature-rise
test is carried out, the
dielectric test shall be carried out immediately after
this test.

a)

b)

30.1.2 In the case of polyphase machines with rated

voltage above lkV having both ends of each phase
individually
accessible,
the test voltage shall be
applied between each phase and the frame, with the
core and the other phases and windings not under test
connected to the frame.

Partially rewound
windings are tested at
75 percent of the test voltage for a new
machine. Before the test, the old part of the
winding shall be carefully cleaned and dried;
and
Overhauled
machines
after cleaning and
drying are subjected to a test at a voltage equal
to 1.5 times the rated voltage with a minimum
of 1 000 V if the rated voltage is equal to or
greater than 100 V and a minimum of 500 volt
if the rated voltage is less than 100 V.

30.2 Insulation

Resistance

Test

30.2.1 The procedure for determination of insulation

resistance of insulated parts of the machines given in
IS 7816 shall be followed. The value of recommended
dc voltage at which the test may be carried out are
given in Table 7.

30.1.3 The test voltage

shall be
of powerfrequency and shall be as near as possible to sine wave
form.

15

IS 4722:2001
Table 6 Dielectric Tests
(Clauses 30.1.4,30.1.5 and 30. 1.6)
sl

Machine or Part

Test Voltage (rms)

No.
(1)

(2)

(3)

1)Insulated windings of size less than 1kW (or kVA)and of rated

voltage less than 100V with the exception of those S1No. (d)
to (h)

500 V + twice the rated voltage

2) Insulated windings of rotating machines of size less than 10000

kW (or kVA) with the exception of those in item (a) and S1No.
(d) to (h) (see Note 2)

1000 V+ twice the rated voltage with a minimum of 1500 V (see

Note 1)

3) Insulated windings of rotating machines of size 10000 kW

(or kVA) or more with the exceptionof drme in S1No. (d) to (h)
(seeNote2)
Rated voltage (see Note 1):
Upto24W30V
above24CMlV

1000 V+2U,where U is the rated voltage

Subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser
1000 V+ twice the maximum rated circuit voltage with a minimum
of1500v

4) Separately excited field windings of dc machines

5) Field windings of synchronous generators, synchronousmotors
and synchronous condensers:
a) Rated field voltage Up to 500 V
Above 500 V
b) When a machine is intended to be started with field winding
short-circuited or connected across a resistance of the value
less than ten times the resistance of the winding
c) When the machine is intended to be started either with the
field winding connected across a resistance of value equal
to or more than ten times the resistance of the winding or
with the field windings on open circuit with or without a
field dividing switch

Ten times the rated field voltage with a minimum of 500 v

4000 V+ twice the rated field voltage
Ten times the rated field voltage with a minimum of 500 V and
maximum of 3500 V
1 000V + twice the maximum value of the rms voltage which can
occur under the specified starting conditions between the terminals
of the field winding or in the case of a sectional field winding
between the terminals of any section with a minimum of 1500 V
(see Note 3)

6) Secondary (usually rotor) windings of induction motors or

synchronousinductionmotorsis not permanentlyshort-circuited
(for example, if intended for rheostaticstarting):
a) For non-reversing motor or motor reversible from standstill
only; and

1 000V+ twice the open-circuit standstill voltage as measure

between siiprings of secondary terminals with rated voltageapplied
to the primary windings
1000V+four times the open-circuit standstill secondary voltage as
defined in S1No. 6(a)

b) For motors to be reversed or braked by reversing the

primary sLIpplywhile the motor is running
7) Exciters (except as below)
Exception 1 Exciters of synchronous motors (Including
synchronous induction motors) if connected to earth or
disconnected from the field windings during starting.
Exception 2 Separately excited field windings of exciters
Isee S1No. (4)]

As per the windhrgs to which they are connected

1000 V + twice the rated exciter voltage with at minimum of

8) Assembled group machines and apparatus

A repetition of the test in S1No. 1 to 6 above should be avoided, if

possible, but if a test on an assembled group of several pieces of
new apparatus each one of which has previously passed its high
voltagetest, is made the test voltage to be applied to such assembled
group shall be 80 percent of the lowest test voltage appropriate for
any part of the group (see Note 4)

1500V

NOTES

1 For two-phase windings having one terminal in common, the voltage in the formula shafl be the highest rms voltage arising between
any two terminals during operations.
2 High-voltage tests on machines having graded insulation should be the subject of an agreement between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.
3 The voltage occuring between the terminals of the field windings, or sections thereof under the specified starting conditions maybe
measured at any convenient reduced supply voltage and the voltage so measured shall be increased in the ratio of specified starting
voltage to the test supply voltage.
4 For windings of one or more machines connected together elcctnca\Iy the voltage to be considered is the maximum vohage that
occurs in relation to earth.

16

..-.! L

------

-.. .

1s 47LL : Z(JU1

Table 7 Test Voltages for Insulation Resistance

(Clause 30.2.1)
Rated Voltage
ac

Test Voltagefor Insulation

32 OVERSPEED

Resistance, dc
(2)

(1)
Up to 660
Above 660 up to and
includhrg I 100

5MIv
1000 V or higher value as agreed
between the manufacturer and the
mer

30.2.2 The minimum values of insulation resistance

shall be determined
by the following empirical
relationship:
Rm=kV+l
Where
R.

standard. In case of type test, this is to be carried out

at the conclusion of the temperature-rise
test of the
machine.

Minimum
insulation
resistance
in
megaohms at 40C of entire machine
windings; and

Rated voltage of the motor, in kilovolts.

NOTE Rm at 40 C is in effectone megaohmper 1000 volts
plus one megaohm.

TEST

The test, if agreed, shall be made,

requirements of 17 of this standard.

to verify

33 UNBALANCED
CURRENTS
SYNCHRONOUS
MACHINES

the

OF

The test, if agreed, shall be carried out to verify the

provisions of 18 of this standard.
34 SHORT-CIRCUIT

CURRENT

TEST

The test, if agreed, shall be carried out to verify the

provisions of 19 and 20 of this standard.
35 OCCASIONAL

EXCESS

CURRENT

kv =

30.2.3 ac machines rated above 3.3 kV and having

output more than 1 000 kW may also be tested for
polarization index (PI) of insulated windings. The
method for measurement of polarization index shall be
in accordance with IS 7816. The minimum values of
PI (lRlornin/lRl rein) shall be 1.5 for Class A, 2.0 for
Class B and 1.75 for Class E insulation systems.
NOTE The recommended minimum value of PI
(!~=vhq~~)shall be 1.3 for all classes of insulations of the
windings.

31 COMMUTATION

TEST

31.1 The commutation test shall be made to verify the

machine meets the requirements specified in 22 of this

This test shall be carried out to verify the provisions

of 14 of this standard.
36 MOMENTARY

EXCESS

TORQUE

This test shall be earned out to verify the provisions

of 15 of this standard.
37 PULL UP TORQUE

FOR MOTORS

This test shall be carried out to verify the provisions

of 16 of this standard.
38 LIMITS

OF VIBRATION

If agreed between the user and the manufacturer, this

test may be arranged to verify the specified limits of
vibration according to IS 12075.

ANNEX

(Clause 2)
LIST OF REFERRED
IS No.

INDIAN STANDARDS

Title

Title

IS No.

1076:1985

Preferred number (second revision)

4691:1985

1231:1974

Dimensions
of three-phase
mounted induction
motors
revision)

Degrees of protection provided by

enclosures
for rotating electrical
machines (tlrst revision)

4728:1975

Terminal marking and direction of

rotation
for rotating
electrical
machinery (first revision)

4889:1968

Method
ficiency
machines

5422:1996

Turbine type generators

foot(third

1885
(Part 35) :
1993

Electrotechnical vacabulaty: Part 35

Rotating machinery (first revision)

2253:1974

Designation for types of construction

and mounting arrangement of rotating electrical
machines
(tirst
revision)
17

of determination
of efof rotating
electrical

.f -,

IS 4722:2001
IS No.
6362:1995
7816:1975
12075:1987

Title
Designation of methods of cooling
for rotating electrical machines
Guide for testing insulation resistance of rotating machines
Mechanical
vibration of rotating
electrical
machines
with shaft
heights 56 mm and higher-measurement, evaluation and limits of vibration severity

IS No.
12360:1988

12802:1989
12824:

1989

Title
Voltage bands forelectrical installation, including preferred voltages and
frequency
Temperature-rise
measurement
of
rotating electrical machines
Types-of
duty classes of rating
assigned
machines

ANNEX

to rotating

electrical

(Clause 22.1)
GRADES OF SPARKING
B-1

GRADES

B-1,1

B-1.O The following grades of sparking maybe used

to specify the degree of sparking.

No blackening of commutator

No.1

and burning of brushes.

No.2

E!ln
ABSENCE OF SPARKING
(BLOCK COMMUTATION)

No. 1+

SLIGHT
UNDER

No. 1 and No. 2

MODERATE SPARKING
THE BRUSHES

ON ALL

No.3

PIN POINT SPARKING

SOME OF THE BRUSHES

HEAVY SPARKING
THE BRUSHES

No.1+

ON ALL

No.4

B
SLIGHT SPARKING
OF THE BRUSHES

UNDER

MOST

VICIOUS SPARKING ON ALL

BRUSHES WITH STREAMERS
OR GLOWING

18

THE

-,

.,
,. . ..*

,.

,---

.
IS 4722:2001
B-1.2

No.1

B-1.4

Traces of black spots on commutator which can be

removed by petrol. Traces of burning on brushes.
B-1.3

No. 2

Permitted only for short time overloads.

Trace of
black spots on commutator which cannot be removed
by petrol. Traces of bums on brushes.

No.3

Permitted only for direct on load starting and for the

starting period.
Easily spottable blackening
of
commutator
which cannot be removed by petrol.
Burning and slight damaging of brushes.
B ~ ~ No d
-

To much blackening of commutator which cannot be

removed by petrol. Damaging of brushes.

ANNEX C
(Clauses 28 and 31.3)
INFORMATION

TO BE GIVEN WITH ENQUIRY

Rated voltages. If the voltage at rated load is

required to be different from no-load voltage,
full particulars should be given;
c) Current, in amperes;
d) If required for 3-wire operation, full details of
requirements;
e) Speed, in revolutions per minute at no-load and
at rated load;
f-) Direction of rotation;
!3) Method of excitation, whether shunt, series,
compound or separately excited. If separately
excited, indicate excitation voltage.

b)

C-1 GENERAL
When enquiring for an ordering an electrical machine
to comply with this standard, the following particulars
should be supplied:
a) Site operating conditions;
b) The number of Indian Standard;
c) The type of enclosure;
d) The type of duty;
e) The maximum temperature of the cooling air,
if it exceeds 40C or of the cooling water, if it
exceeds 25C at the place where the machine
is intended to work under ordinary service;
f) The altitude of the place at which the machine
is intended to work in ordinary service, if it
exceeds 1000 m;
@ If the machine is required to operate between
various limits of voltage, current, frequency or
speed, the corresponding values of the voltage,
current, frequency and speed respectively;
h) System of earthing, if any, to be adopted;
j) Particulars of tests required and where they are
to be carried out;
as to whether voltage-limiting
k) Particulars
devices will be employed;
m) Whenever a motor or generator is associated
with a reciprocating machine, any information
regarding the associated machine which will
enable the natural frequency of torsional
resonance of the combined unit to be determined; and
n) The additional information required by the
following clauses of this Annex where applicable.

c-2 ADDITIONAL
DIRECT CURRENT

AND ORDER

INFORMATION
GENERATOR

NOTE Unless otherwise specitied, the series winding

of a compound generator will be connected on the
negativeside of the armature.

h)

When a dc generator is required to operate in

parallel with others, the following details of
existing machines should be given:
1) Voltage at no-load and-at rated load;
2) kW or current at rated load;
3) Resistance of series winding including
diverter, if any;
4) Diagram of connections;
5) Nominal response ratio of the excitec
and
6) Whether
the exciter is required to
operate as a shunt machine on hand
control.

C-3 ADDITIONAL
DIRECT CURRENT

INFORMATION
MOTOR

FOR

When enquiring for and ordering a direct current

motor, the following particulars shall be supplied in
addition to the requirements of C-1:
a) Mechanical output, in kilowatts;
b) Rated voltage;
c) Speed, in revolutions per minute, at rated output;
d) Direction of rotation;
e) Method of excitation, whether shunt, series,
compound or separately excited. If separately
excited, indicate excitation voltage;

FOR

When enquiring for and ordering a direct current

generator, the following particulars should be supplied
in addition to the requirements of C-1.
a) Electrical output at the terminals, in kilowatts;

19

.-.

$,

IS 4722:2001
0
g)

f) Direction of rotation of machine and phase

Breakaway torque required; and

Any information regarding the driven machine
which has a bearing upon the torque required
during the accelerating period, the kinetic
energy of the moving parts to be accelerated,
and the number of starts during a specific
period.

C-4 ADDITIONAL
GENERATOR

INFORMATION

FOR

/3)
h)
j)

ac
k)

When enquiring for and ordering an ac generator, the

following particulars should be supplied in addition to
the requirements of C-1:
a) Frequency, in Hz;
b) Number of phases and in the case polyphase
machines, the interconnection
between the
phases, if any;
c) Electrical output, in kVA or MVA;
d) Rated voltage;
e) Power-factor, if other than 0.8;
f) Current, in amperes;
g) Speed, in revolutions per minute, at no-load
and at rated load;
h) Direction of rotation;
j) Whether the machine is to have its own exciter,
and if so, the methods of drive or whether the
excitation is to be obtained from a separate
source;
k) Excitation voltage, if the generator is not to be
provided with its own exciteq
m) Conditions
to be met in cases of parallel
operation;
n) Whether the neutral point is to be brought out
to a terminal to deal with current in the neutral
line in normal service, and, if so, the magnitude
of current in amperes to be carried;
P) Short-circuit ratio; and
q) Under excited MVAR.

m)

n)

When enquiring for and ordering an induction motor,

the following
particulars
should be supplied in
addition to the requirements of C-1:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)

FOR
j)
k)

When enquiring for and ordering a synchronous

motor, the following particulars should be supplied in
addition to the requirements of C-1:
a) Frequency, in Hz;
b) Number of phases and, in the case of polyphase
machine, the interconnection
between the
phases, if any;
c) Mechanical output, in kilowatt;
d) Rated voltage;
e) Speed, in revolutions per minute;

m)

n)

20

/I

C-6 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR

INDUCTION MOTOR OR ac COMMUTATOR
MOTOR

NOTE Similar information should be furnished for

synchronouscondensers.

C-5 ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
SYNCHRONOUS
MOTOR OR
SYNCHRONOUS
INDUCTION MOTOR

sequence of supply;
Method of starting to be employed;
Breakaway torque required;
Nature of the load and any information regarding the driven machine which has a bearing
upon the torque required during the accelerating period, the kinetic energy of the moving
parts to be accelerated, and the number of
starts during a specified period;
Any information having bearing on the use of
the motor for supplying wattless current.
Unless otherwise specified, the machine will
be designed for unity power factor at its rated
mechanical output;
Whether the machine is to have its own exciter
driven through the motor shaft, or whether the
excitation is to be obtained from a separate
source; and
Excitation voltage, if the motor is not to be
provided with its own exciter.

Frequency, in Hz;
Number of phases;
Mechanical output, in kilowatt;
Rated voltage;
Speed in revolutions per minute, at the rated
output;
Direction of rotation;
Rotor, whether squirrel cage or slipring;
Type of slipring gear, whether continuously
rated or for starting purposes only and whether
to be fitted with brush lifting and/ or shortcircuiting arrangements and if inler-iocks are
required;
Method of starting to be employed;
Breakaway torque in terms of the rated load
torque and the corresponding breakaway starting current which may be taken from the
supply with the starting apparatus in circuit;
Nature of load and any information regarding
the driven machine which has a bearing upon
the torque required during the acceleration
period, the kinetic energy of the moving parts
to be accelerated, and the number of starts
during a specified period; and
Where possible, fault capacity of the system to
which the motor is connected.

Bureau of Indian Standards

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