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Refrigerants: The Naming of Freon (Or Arcton) Refrigerants Comes From The Constituents
Refrigerants: The Naming of Freon (Or Arcton) Refrigerants Comes From The Constituents
0 (1-1)
1 (0+1)
For R22, again formed by reacting methane with flourine and chlorine. This forms a
molecule containing 1 carbon atom, 1 hydrogen atom and 2 chlorine atom
0
Refrigerant 12
R12 is halogenated hydrocarbon derived from methane (CH 4) with the hydrogen
being displaced by chlorine and fluorine. The resulting compound is
Dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2) also known as Freon 12
R12 is considered non-toxic except in high concentration producing
oxygen deficiency. However on contact with flame it breaks down to form chlorine
gas and phosgene (COCl2).
R12 escaping under pressure can cause skin damage on contact. It is
non-irritant and not considered flammable.
Working pressures and temperatures are moderate and the high
critical temperature (112oC) is well above the working range.
Methyl Chloride
CH3CL4, banned by the UK administration.
Refrigerant 11
suitable for air conditioning installations (monoflourotrichloromethane CCl3F),
production has now ceased.
Refrigerant 13
CClF3
Refrigerant 22
Is suitable for a lower temperature range than R12 because the pressure on the
evaporator side of the system is higher than atmospheric at low temperatures thus
reducing the risk of drawing air into the system. Its performance is better than
R12 approaching that of ammonia.
The chemical and other properties are similar to R12 except that it is
not miscible with oil over the whole temperature range. The compound is
Chlorodifloromethane (CHClF2)
Refrigernat 113
CCl2F/CClF2
Refrigerant 502
Composed of 48.8% R22 and 51.2% R115 (C2ClF5). It is particularly suited for use
with hermetic compressors.
Carbonic anhydride
(CO2, Carbon Dioxide)
CCl2F2- R12
CO2
NH3
Discharge pressure
0.8
72
11.7
Suction pressure
7.4
23
2.4
Critical pressure
40
73.8
113.7
Critical temperature
112
31
133
Boiling temperature
at atmos
-30
-78
-33
0.96
3.23
4.65
Corrosive (pure)
no
Toxic
no, liberates
phosgene gas in fire
no
Yes
Flammable
no
no
Yes
Explosive
no
no
Yes
Yes
no
Slightly
Refrigerant 407d
A chlorine free replacement for R12 in reefer container systems, is claimed to be
20% more efficient than R134a and able to operate at box temperatures as low as
-25oC
Refrigerant 410a
Does not have a high degree of glide, the blend facilitating a reduction in swept
volume of compressor units. The main disadvantage is that it requires a 50%
higher working pressure than R22, although compressor and plant size is reduced..
The availability of compressors for this refrigerant is thus limited, increased safety
precautions are necessary due to this increased pressure.
The blend contains R32 giving the same cost drawback as for R407c.
Refrigerant
Industrial
experience
Availability
cost/Kg R22
=1
R407C
On-going
Special
Starting
5.4
R507
Yes
Easy
Good
5.3
R410a
No
Special
Very few
7.4
R134a
Yes
Easy
World
wide
1.6
SUVA 9100
Is a near azeotropic mix of HFC 32 and HFC 125. DuPont has recently changed its
mix from 45/55 R32/R125 to 50/50 simplifying the HCFC replacement process.
Azeotropic mix-is a blend of one or more pure substances in precise
proportions. The blend specifically exhibits a boiling point temperature independent
of the boiling points of its components. Constant pressure evaporation and
condensation phase is realised at a constant temperature.
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