By Authority Of

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Legally Binding Document

By the Authority Vested By Part 5 of the United States Code 552(a) and
Part 1 of the Code of Regulations 51 the attached document has been duly
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE and shall be considered legally
binding upon all citizens and residents of the United States of America.
HEED THIS NOTICE: Criminal penalties may apply for noncompliance.

e
Document Name:

ASTM A307: Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000

PSI Tensile Strength

CFR Section(s):

46 CFR 56.25-20(b)

Standards Body:

American Society for Testing and Materials

Official Incorporator:
THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Standard Specification for

CARBON STEEL EXTERNALLY THREADED STANDARD

FASTENERS1
This standard is issued under the flxed designation A 307; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year oflast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year oflast
reapproval.
'NOTE-Table 3, which was incorrectly retained at last revision, was editorially deleted and Table 4 renumbered to Table 3
in November 1979.

1. Scope
1.1 This specification2 covers the chemical
and mechanical requirements of two grades of
carbon steel externally threaded standard fasteners, in sizes 1/4 in. (6.35 mm) through 4 in.
(104 mm). This specification does not cover
requirements for externally threaded fasteners having heads with slotted or recessed
drives or for mechanical expansion anchors.
The fasteners covered by this specification are
frequently used for the following applications:
1.1.1 Grade A Bolts, for general applications, and
1.1.2 Grade B Bolts, for flanged joints in
piping systems where one or both flanges are
cast iron.
1.2 If no grade is specified in the inquiry,
contract, or order, Grade A bolts shall be
furnished.
.
1.3 NQnheaded anchor bolts, either straight
or bent, to be used for structural anchorage
purposes, shall conform to the requirements
of Specification A 36 with tension tests to be
made on the bolt body or on the bar stock
used for making the anchor bolts.
1.4 Suitable nuts are covered in Specification A 563. Unless otherwise specified, the
grade and style of nut for each grade of
fastener, of all surface finishes, shall be as
follows:
Fastener Grade and 'Size

Nut Grade and Style"

A, '/. to l'lz in.

A, over l'lz to 4 in.
B, '/. to 4 in.

A, hex
A, heavy hex
A, heavy hex

" Nuts of other grades and styles having specified proof

load stresses (Specification A 563, Table 3) greater than
the specified grade and style of nut are also suitable.

261

NOTE-The values stated in inch-pound units are

to be regarded as the standard.

2. Applicable Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 36 Specification for Structural SteeP
A 153 Specification for Zinc Coating (HotDip) on Iron and Steel Hardware 4
A 370 Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products7
A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy
Steel Nuts 5
B 454 Specification for Mechanically Deposited Coatings of Cadmium and Zinc
on Ferrous Metals 6
2.2 American National Standards: 8
ANSI B1.1 Unified Screw Threads
ANSI BI8.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and
Screws

3. Materials and Manufacture

3.1 Steel for bolts shall be made by the
open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace.
process.
, This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM
Committee F-16 on Fasteners, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F 16.02 on Steel Bolting.
Current edition approved Oct. 27, 1978. Published
December 1978. Originally published as A 307 - 47 T.
Last previous edition A 307 - 76 b.
2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-307 in Section II of that
Code.
:l Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 4.
4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 3.
5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Parts 1 and 4.
"Annual Book ofASTM Standards, Parts 4 and 9.
1 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Parts 1, 2, 3,4,5,
and 10.
B May be obtained from American National Standards
Institute, Inc., 1430 Broadway, New York, N. Y.10018.

A 307.

3.2 Bolts may be produced by hot or cold" the baIt makes' full-siz~testii1g imprattical,
forging of the heads or machining from bar machined sp'ecimens shall be tested and 'shall
conform to the requirements shown below:
stock.
3.3 Bolt threads may be rolled or cut.
ElongaTensile
tion in 2
3.4 When specified, galvanjzed bolts shall
Strength, ksi
in. or 50
(MPa)
be hot-dip zinc coated in accordance with the
mm,%
requirements of Class C of Specification Gra~e A,a.nd Gr;fdeBbolts 60 (4;15} min 18 min
A 153. When specified by the purchaser to be GradeB bolts only
100 (690) mme
mech~niCally galvari:izM,boIts~,o'yered by this
In the event that baits are tested'by both full
specification shall be mechanically zinc coated
size and by machine test specimen methods,
and the coating and coated fasteners shall
the full-size test shall govern if a controversy
conform to the requirements for Class 50 of
between the two methods e.xists ..
,'$pecification B 454.!<?{,tO th~ poafingtpick- .
SAPoi' Jjolts'oft'which'both hardness and
ness, adherence, and quality requirements for
tension tests are performed, acceptance based
Class C pf Specifica69~ A 153;
. on,tensile ;requirements shall'take precedence
in the event that there is contrbversy bverlbW
4. Chemical Requiremeuts
readings of hardness tests.
4.1 Steel shall conform to the following
cheinicalreqJifenients:'
6. Dimensions
Grade A
Grade B
6.1 Unless otherwise specified, threads
Bolts
Bolts
shall be the Coarse Thread Series as specified
. 0.06
Phosphorus, max, %
0.. 04
in the latest issue of ANSI B 1.1, having a
0.05
0.15'
Sulfur, max, %.. ,',
Class 2A tolerance.
'
',. ~'.2 Unless otherwise specifi~d, G~ade A
4.2 Resulfurized material is not subject to
bolts shall be hex bolts with dimensions' as
rejection bas'ed onprodilct analysis for sulfur.
gtven in theiatestissue 'of ANSI B 18.2.1.
4.3 Bolts are customarily furnished from
Unless otherwise specified, Grade B boits
stock, in which.case, individual heats of steel
shall be heavy hex bolts with 'dimensions as
cannot be identified.
given in the latestissue of ANSI B 18.2~1.
4.4 Application of heats of steel to which
6.3 Unless otherwise specified, bolts to be
bismuth, selenium, tellurium, or lead has
beendntentionally added shall not be permit- used with nuts or tapped holes which have
been. tapped oversize, 111 accordance ,with
ted for Grade B bolts.
SpeCification A 563, shall have Class 2A
threads before hot dip or mechanical gaIYan5. Mechanical Requirements
izing. After galvanizing, th6 ma~imum limit
"'5.1 Bolts'shall not' exceed the maximum
of pitch and major diameter may exceed the
hardness required in Table 1. Bolts ress than
Class
2A limit by th~ following amount:
three diameters in lepgth, or bolts with drilled
Oversize Umit, in. (mm)A
Diameter, in.
or undersize heads shall have hardness values
0.016 (0.41)
Up to 7/16, inc!
riot less tllan.themiriimuriJ nbr'more than the
0.021 (0.53)
Over 7/16 to 1, inc!
maximum hardness limits required in Table 1,
0.031 (0.79)
Oved
as hardness is the only requirement.
,\ These values are the' same as the minimum' overtap5.2 Bolts Pis ip.. in diall).eter or less, ~ther
ping required for galvanizedi riutsIn Specification A 563.
than those excepted in 4,.1 , shall be tested full
size and shall conform the reCjuireinentsf'or
6.4 The gaging limit for b.olts shall ;be
tensile strength specified in Table 2.
verified during manufacture or ,us~ by assem5.3 Bolts larger than Pis in. iIi diameter, ,bly. of a nut tapp!:d as. nearly. as Prflctical to
other than those excepted in 4,1 ,shall prefthe amount oversize shown above. In case,pf
dispute, a calibrated thread ring .gage of that
erably be tested full ~ize and when so tested,
shall conform to the requirements for tensile
same size (Class X tolerance, gage tolerance
strength specified in :Table 2. When equipplus), shall be used. Asserhblyof the gage, or
ment of sufficient capacIty,for fuH-size bolt
the nut described above, must be possible
testing is not available, or when the l~ngth of . }Vith hand effort followipg application of l,ight

to

262

~~r~
machine oil to prevent galling and damage to
the gage. These inspections, when performed
to resolve disputes, shall be performed at the
frequency and quality described in Table 3.

7. Test Methods
7.1 The material shall be tested in accordance with Supplement III of Methods and
A 370.
7.2 Standard square and hexagon bolts
only shall be tested by the wedge tension
method. Fracture shall be in the body or
threads of the bolt without any fracture at the
junction of the head and body. Other headed
boIts shall be tested by the axial tension
method.
7.3 Speed of testing as determined with a
free running crosshead shall be a maximum of
1 in. (25.4 mm )/min for the tensile strength
tests of bolts.

8. Number of Tests and Retests

8.1 The requirements of this specification
shall be met in continuous mass production
for stock, and the manufacturer shall make
sample inspections to ensure that the product
conforms to the specified requirements. Additional tests of individual shipments of material are not ordinarily contemplated. Individual heats of steel are not identified in the
finished product.
8.2 When specified in the order, the m~lO
ufacturer shall furnish a test report certified
to be the last completed set of mechanical
tests for each stock size in each shipment.
8.3 When additional tests are specified on
the purchase order, a lot, for purposes of
selecting test samples, shall consist of all
material offered for inspection at one time
that has the following common characteristics:
8.J.l One type of item.
8.3.2 One nominal size, and
8.3.3 One nominal length of bolts.
8.4 From each lot, the number of tests for
each requirement shall be as follows:

263

A 307
Number of Pieces in Lot
800 and under
801 to 8 000
8 001 to 22 000
Over 22 000

Number of Samples
1
2
3
5

8.5 If any machined test specimen shows

defective machining it may be discarded and
another specimen substituted.
8.6 Should any sample fail to meet the
requirements of a specified test, double the
number of samples from the same lot shall be
tested, in wiJich case all of the additional
samples shall meet the specification.

9. Marking
9.1 Bolt heads shall be marked (by raised
or depressed mark at the option of the manufacturer) to identify the manufacturer. The
manufacturer may use additional marking for
his own use.

10. Inspection
10.1 If the inspection described in 10.2 is
required by the purchaser it shall be specified
in the inquiry, order, or contract.
10.2 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have free entry., at all times while
work on the contract of the purchaser is being
performed, to all parts of the manufacturer's
works that concern the manufacture of the
material ordered. The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities,
without charge, to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with this
specification. All tests (except product analysis) and inspection shall be made at the place
of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall be so conducted as
not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.

11. Rejection
11.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on tests specified herein shall be
reported to the manufacturer within 30 working days from the receipt of samples by the
purchaser ..

A 307
TABLE 1 Hardness Requirements for Bolts

TABLJi: 3 sample S.izes and Acceptance Num!lers for

Inspe,\jion of Hot Dip or l,\1echanically Galvanized Thr~.l!ds

Hardness
Bolt Size,
in.

Grade

All

A
B

Brinell

Lot Siz~

RockweIlB

min

max

min

max

121
121

241A
' :212

69
69

100 A
95

2 to 90
91 to 150
151 to 280
281 to 500
Salta i 200
1 201 to 3 200
3 201 to 10 000
10 001 and over

Except when te~ted by wedge terision test.

T4BLE 2 TensiI.e Req!lirements for FuU-Size Bolts

Tensile Strength, IbfB
Bolt
Size,
in.

Stress
AreaA
in. 2

Threads
per inch

1/4

20
18
t"6
14

0.0318
0.0524
0.0775
0.1063

It.

13
12

5/8

11

3/4

10

7/S

\I

0.1419
0.182
0.226
0.334
. ,0.462

1'/8
1'/4
1'/8

8
7.
7
6

0.606
0.'763
0.969
Ll-55 '

sit.
3/8
71i.

liz

1 liz
1'/4
2
21t4, '

5
4112
4 1/,;

, (}tade~
AandB,
minc

36
45
'58
69

1.405
1.90
: ,2.50,
,,3,25

..

4
,:A

'i"

4
,'4

,,.4-

"

8.33
JM6

}1.Q~

14 190
18 200
?2 600
33 400
46200

J3,.5S0
20 050
27 700

"

3 1/z' '
, ,33/4

8 500

11 000

4'
" 4.00
'4;: ,';;'4.93'
5,97,
,4!'
3i;~" , ,4
7.10

2 11z
23 /4 "
3

3
5
7
10

350
800
150
300

"

500
000
000
000

240 000
295800:
:j ,358 200
426 000

' 400
493
597
710

000
000
000
'000

661aoo

5
7
10
14
21

60 600
76 300
<)6 900
115 500
140
' 190
250
' 325

499'800

i
2

180
240
750
630

84 300
114 000
150'000
195 000,

;579.liOO

13
20
32
50
80
125
200
315

A Sample sizes of acceptance numbers are extracted

from "Single sampling ;Plan for Normal Inspection" Table
IIA" MJL-STD-105D.
B Inspect ,all bolts in the lot if the lot size is less than the
sample size ..

Grade;
Bo,,:,
rna

1900
3 100
4 650
6'350

S,ample SizeA, B Acceptance

!,!umi:>er A

; '833 000
966 000
J 108 000
I'

'Area ;caiculated frorn the formula: "

As = 0.7854 [D - (O.9743/n)]' '

where:
As = stress are~,
D == .noiniriaHliifme\er of'l:iolt; aild '
;d'!: I =; ,thr,elld~ ~,r jnch.; /' 1 ' i '
"
"
, HLlbf=4.,448N.",', "', ""'1,,"',
.; c'~ase~lb'ri'66'1(41'4\MPa)':','"
P;: 'l"Baseildil:100,ksi (689'MPa)'.;,J

. "

: I

II'

II

.'

, .' ~ i

;!ff;()j;

:'r d1
'r ).
. ~ I!. ! i ~
r: '. '(
The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent righ;; 'a~~erted in
connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly adVised that determination of the
validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responSible technical committee and must be reviewed every five
years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or
for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration
at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received
a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa.
19103, which will schedule a further hearing regarding your comments. Failing satisfaction there, you may appeal to the
ASTM Board of Directors.

264