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PUBLISHED BY
VOVI LED Publications

Cover Designed by AT Graphics

ISBN 1-931245-06-1
Copyright 2002
by Do Thuan Hau
and VoVi Friendship Association of Northern California,
VoVi Association of Canada,
VoVi Charitable Trust of Australia
website: http://www.vovi.org
All Rights Reserved
Printed in the United States of America
August 2002
First Edition, Set in San Jose, California

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