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    Modern Computer Systems have evolved greatly over time from the abacus to today's advanced systems. Early computers used vacuum tubes and punch cards, were enormous in size, and took days to complete tasks. The introduction of transistors led to smaller, faster, and more reliable second generation computers. Third generation systems utilized integrated circuits which made computers even smaller and cheaper with new input/output methods. Today's fourth generation computers are based on microprocessors and use graphical interfaces. Future fifth generation computers may use artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and optical computing to be even more advanced.

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    Modern Computer Systems have evolved greatly over time from the abacus to today's advanced systems. Early computers used vacuum tubes and punch cards, were enormous in size, and took days to complete tasks. The introduction of transistors led to smaller, faster, and more reliable second generation computers. Third generation systems utilized integrated circuits which made computers even smaller and cheaper with new input/output methods. Today's fourth generation computers are based on microprocessors and use graphical interfaces. Future fifth generation computers may use artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and optical computing to be even more advanced.

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    10 views17 pages

    Topic 1 Compact INFORMATION

    Uploaded by

    Pulkit Munjal
    Modern Computer Systems have evolved greatly over time from the abacus to today's advanced systems. Early computers used vacuum tubes and punch cards, were enormous in size, and took days to complete tasks. The introduction of transistors led to smaller, faster, and more reliable second generation computers. Third generation systems utilized integrated circuits which made computers even smaller and cheaper with new input/output methods. Today's fourth generation computers are based on microprocessors and use graphical interfaces. Future fifth generation computers may use artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and optical computing to be even more advanced.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 17

    TOPIC-1

    Modern Computer Systems:


    Evolution of Computer Systems

    Computer

    A computer is a programmable machine designed to


    sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence
    of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular
    sequence of operations can be changed readily,
    allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of
    problem.
    Machine that can solve problems by accepting data,
    performing certain operations and presenting the
    result of those operations under the direction of
    detailed step by step instructions.

    Parts of a Computer

    Characteristics of
    Computers

    Speed
    Accuracy
    Reliability
    Storage Capability
    Reduced Cost
    Provides capability that otherwise would
    be impossible

    Primary types of Computers

    Computers for Personal Use

    Desktop Computers
    Workstations
    Notebook Computers
    Tablet Computers
    Handheld Computers/ Palmtops
    Smart Phones

    Computers for Organizations

    Network Servers
    Mainframe Computers
    Mini Computers
    Super Computers

    Use of Computers

    Society
    Home
    Education
    Business
    Government
    Health Care

    Structure of von Neumann


    machine

    Evolution of Computers

    Abacus

    Evolution of Computers

    Napiers Bones

    Evolution of Computers

    Pascaline

    Evolution of Computers

    Punched Cards
    Difference Engine
    First Programmer: Ada
    Bool

    Generations of Computers

    First Generation
    1946 - 1957
    Second Generation
    1958 - 1963
    Third Generation 1964 - 1970
    Fourth Generation
    1971 - Present
    Fifth Generation
    Future

    First Generations
    1957

    1946-

    Vacuum Tubes
    Huge
    Took several days
    Input/ output: Punch Cards, Prints
    Univac, ENIAC

    Second Generation 19581963

    Transistors
    Faster, Cheaper, Reliable, smaller
    Input/ Output: Punch Cards, Magnetic
    Tapes
    Programming Language: FORTRAN and
    COBOL
    IBM

    Third Generation
    1970

    1964-

    Silicon Chips (Integrated circuits)= IC


    Smaller, Cheaper, Faster, Reliable
    Input/ output : Keyboard, Monitor,
    Magnetic Hard Disks

    Fourth Generation 1971Present

    Microprocessors
    Input/ Output: Monitors, Keyboards,
    Printers, Magnetic Hard disk, Optical
    Disk, Flash Memory
    Network was introduced
    Apple, Xerox, Texas Instrument, HewlettPackard

    Fifth Generation Future

    Artificial Intelligence
    Nanotechnology
    Optical Computers

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