Professional Documents
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Chapter 2
1. For the network shown in Figure P2.43, Vi t is the input and i(t) is the output. The transfer function
I(S)=V(S) of the network is
Cs
C
(b)
(a)
2
2
LCs RCs 1
LCs RCs 1
(c)
RCs2
Cs
LCs 1
(d)
RCs2
C
LCs 1
IES 1993
j(t)
Vi(t)
2. For the eld-controlled dc servomotor, as shown in Figure P2.44, the transfer function s=Es
contains
(a) Two times constants, no integration
(b) Two times constants, one integration
(c) One time constants, one integration
(d) One time constants, one integration
IES 1996
R
Ig (Constant)
L
Singular relation
J1I
3. A mechanical system consists of two mass-spring friction system, as shown in Figure P2.45. The order
of the transfer function X(s)=F(s) is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
IES 1996
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
4. Consider a multiple gear system, as shown in Figure P2.46. Which one of the following gives the
equivalent inertia referred to shaft 1?
N
B
J
N
J
B
N
J
N
N1 2
N1 N3 2
Ja
N2
N2 N4
N1 2
N1 N2 2
J3
N2
N3 N4
(a) J1 J2
(c) J1 J2
2
N2
N2 N4 2
(b) J1 J2
J3
N1
N1 N3
(d) J1 J2
N2 2
N1 N2 2
J3
N1
N3 N4
IES 2004
5. For the mechanical system, shown in Figure P2.47, the system is described as:
y2(t)
y1(t)
f(t)
M
B
(a) M
d 2 y1 t
dy1 t
K y2 t y1 t
B
dt2
dt
(b) M
d 2 y2 t
dy2 t
K y2 t y1 t
B
dt2
dt
(c) M
d 2 y1 t
dy1 t
K y1 t y2 t
B
dt2
dt
(d) M
d 2 y2 t
dy2 t
K y1 t y2 t
B
2
dt
dt
IES 2001
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Chapter 3
1. Consider a signal ow graph, as in Figure P3.12.
s1
s2
s3
K2
K1
K3
(i)
s2
s1
s3
K2
K1
K3
s1
(ii)
s2
K1
s3
K2
K3
(iii)
Signal ow graphs, which have the same transfer function, would include:
(a) (i) and (ii)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
Z2
b7
b5
b8
b3
IAS 1999
b9
b4
b10
Z6
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
IES 1998
3. Referring to Figure P3.14, match list I (signal ow graph) with list II (transfer function), and select
the correct answer using the codes given in the following list:
List I
A. Figure (i)
B. Figure (ii)
C. Figure (iii)
D. Figure (iv)
List II
P
1Q
Q
2:
1 PQ
PQ
3:
1 PQ
PQ
4:
1 P2
1:
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Codes:
(a)
(c)
A
2
3
B
3
2
C
4
1
D
1
4
A
2
3
(b)
(d)
B
3
2
C
1
4
D
4
1
IAS 2000
R(s) +
G1
G2
G3
H2
H1
R 1 G1 G2 G3 H1 G2 H2 G3 G2 H3
The value of X in the gure would be equal to
(a) H3
(c) G2 H3
(b) G3 H3
(d) G3 H3
IAS 2001
G2 s
1 G1 sG2 sHs
(b)
G1 sG2 s
1 G1 sG2 sHs
(d)
G2 s
1 G1 sG2 sHs
IAS 2001
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
6. The closed loop system shown in Figure P3.17 is subjected to a disturbance Ns.
G1 sG2 s
1 G1 sG2 sHs
(b)
G1 s
1 G1 sHs
(c)
G2 s
1 G2 sHs
(d)
G2 s
1 G1 sG2 sHs
IES 1997
O
ABC
R 1 ABC
(b)
O
ABC
R 1 AB AC
(c)
O AB AC
R
ABC
(d)
O
AB AC
R 1 AB AC
B
+
C
IAS 1998
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
8. Three blocks G1 ; G2 and G3 are connected in some fashion such that overall transfer function is
G1 G3 1 G1 G2
1 G1 G2
The blocks are connected in the following manner:
(a) G1 ; G2 with negative feedback and combination in parallel with G3
(b) G1 ; G3 with negative feedback and G2 in parallel
(c) G1 ; G2 is cascade and combination in parallel with G3
(d) G1 ; G3 in cascade and combination in parallel with G2
IAS 2004
Gs
Gs
Rs 1 GsHs
(b)
Gs
GsHs
Rs 1 GsHs
(c)
Gs
GsHs
Rs 1 GsHs
(d)
Gs
Gs
Rs 1 GsHs
IAS 1992
10. The transfer function Cs=Rs of the system, whose block diagram is shown in Figure P3.19, is
(a)
G1 G2
1 G1 H1 G2 H2 G1 G2 H1 H2
(b)
G1 G2
1 G1 H1 G2 H2 G1 G2 H1 H2
(c)
G1 G2
1 G1 H1 G2 H2
(d)
G1 1 G2 H2 G2 1 G1 H1
1 G1 H1 G2 H2 G1 G2 H1 H2
R(S) +
G1
H1
G2
C(S)
H2
IES 1993
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
11. The signal ow graph of a closed loop system is shown in Figure P3.20, wherein TD represents the
disturbance reduces by
(a) Increasing G2 s
(c) Increasing G1 s
(b) Decreasing G2 s
(d) Decreasing G1 s
IES 1997
12. The response c(t) of a system to an input r(t) is given by the following different equation:
d 2 ct 3dct
5ct 5rt
dt2
dt
The transfer function of the system is given by
(a) Gs
(c) Gs
s2
5
3s 5
(b) Gs
s2
3s
3s 5
(d) Gs
s2
1
3s 5
s2
s3
3s 5
IES 1996
13. The gain Cs=Rs of the signal ow graph, shown in Figure P3.21, is
(a)
G1 G2 G2 G3
1 G1 G2 H1 G2 G3 H1 G4
(b)
G1 G2 G2 G3
1 G1 G2 H1 G2 G3 H1 G4
(c)
G1 G3 G2 G3
1 G1 G3 H1 G2 G3 H1 G4
(d)
G1 G3 G2 G3
1 G1 G3 H1 G2 G3 H1 G4
IES 2003
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
14. The overall gain Cs=Rs of the block diagram, shown in Figure P3.22, is
(a)
G1 G2
1 G1 G2 H1 H2
(b)
G1 G2
1 G2 H2 G1 G2 H1
(c)
G1 G2
1 G2 H2 G1 G2 H1 H2
(d)
G1 G2
1 G1 G2 H1 G1 G2 H2
R(S)
G1
G2
H1
H2
IES 2003
15. From Figure P3.23, the transfer function of the signal ow graph is
(a)
T12
1 T22
(b)
T22
1 T12
(c)
T12
1 T12
(d)
T22
1 T12
IES 1992
T22
X1
T12
X2
10
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Chapter 4
1. The unit-impulse response of a system is given by ct 0:5et=2. Its transfer function is
(a) 1=s 2
(b) 1=1 2s
(c) 2=1 2s
(d) 2=s 2
IAS 1993
2. If the unit-step response of a system is a unit impulse function, then the transfer function of such a
system will be
(a) 1
(b) 1=s
(c) s
(d) 1=s2
IAS 1994
3. When a unit-step input is applied, a second-order underdamped system has a peak overshoot of OP
occurring at tmax : If another step input, equal in magnitude to the peak overshoot OP, is applied at
t tmax , then the system will settle down at
(a) 1 OP
(b) 1 OP
(c) OP
(d) 1:0
IAS 1994
4. The system shown in Figure P4.58 is subjected to a unit ramp input on close the switch (s).
(a) Steady-state error will increase and damping coefcient j will decrease.
(b) Both-steady state error and damping coefcient j will increase
(c) Both steady-state error and damping coefcient j will decrease.
(d) Steady-state error will decrease and damping coefcient j will increase.
R(s)
C(s)
K
s(s + a)
K1 s
s
IAS 1995
5. The impulse response of a system is given by
ct
1 t=2
e
2
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
11
(b) 1 et
(c) 2 et
(d) 1 e2t
IAS 1998
6. For the system, shown in Figure P4.59, the damping factor j and undamped natural frequency vn are
respectively
r
p
2 KJ
J
(a)
and
K
f
f
(c) p and
2 KJ
r
K
f
(b)
and p
J
2 KJ
r
K
J
2F
K
(d) p and
KJ
J
IAS 1999
(b) 8
(d) 4
IAS 2002
9. The system
Gs
s2
0:8
s2
IAS 2003
12
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
10. The system shown in Figure P4.60 has a unit-step unit. In order that the steady-state error is 0.1, the
value of K required is
(a) 0.1
(c) 1.0
(b) 0.9
(d) 9.0
(b) ts
4
vn
vn
2
(d) ts 4vn
IAS (EE) 1998
s2
( s + 1) 2
s+2
s ( s + 1)
2s + 3
s ( s + 3)
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
13
13. A typical control system is shown in Figure P4.62. Assuming Rs 1=s; the steady-state error is
(a)
1
1K
(b) K
(c) Zero
(d) 1
R(s)
C(s)
s + 40
s(s + 10)
1
s + 20
Rs 1 GsHs
is
s!0
s!0
s!0
s!0
14
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
s +1
s 2 + 5s + a
1
s+4
100s 5s 50
s4 s 10s2 3s 10
(b) 4 and 7
(d) 7 and 5
18. For the system shown in Figure P4.64, the state value of the output c(t) is
Input = Unit step
K
s(s + 2s)
C(s)
1 + 0.025
(a) 0
(c) 1
(b) 1
(d) Dependent on the values of K and Kt
IES (EE) 1999
19. Consider the following statements regarding system shown in Figure P4.65, where m mass,
B frictional coefcient and K spring constant:
1. It represents a conservative system.
p
2. It has a natural frequency of undamped oscillation of K=m:
3. It has a time constant of m/K of these statements.
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
15
IAS 1997
B=0
m
20. In Figure P4.66, spring constant is K, viscous friction coefcient is B, mass is M and the system
output motion is x(t) corresponding to input force F(t). Which of the following parameters relates to
the above system?
x(t)
F(t)
Here
1. The constant 1=M
p
2. Damping coefcient B= 2 KM p
3. Natural frequency of oscillation K=M
21. The step response of a system is ct 1 5et 10e2t 6e3t . The impulse response of the
system is
(a) 5et 20e2t 18e3t
(c) 5et 20e2t 18e3t
K
ss 4
IAS 2003
16
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(b) 16
(d) 2
IAS 2003
23. A unity-feedback control system has a forward-path transfer function G(s) is given by
Gs
101 s
s2 s 1s 5
t2
Ut
2
is
(a) Zero
(c) 1.0
(b) 0.5
(d) Innite
IAS 2003
24. Damping factor and undamped natural frequency for a position control system is given by
p p
K p
; K=J respectively
(a) 2 KJ; KJ respectively
(b)
2fJ
(c)
p
f
p ;
K=J respectively
2 KJ
p
J
(d) p ; KJ respectively
2 Kf
A. Peak overshoot
B. Peak time
C. Rise time
D. Settling time (2%)
Codes: A
(a)
3
(b)
3
B
2
1
C
4
4
D
1
2
A
(c) 4
(d) 4
B
1
2
C
3
3
D
2
1
26. In type I system, a constant output velocity at steady state will be possible, when
(a) There is no error.
(b) There is a constant steady-state error.
IAS 2004
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
17
(c) 5 e5t
(d) 5
IES (EE) 1996
5e10t ;
0:5e10t
(b) 51 e10t
(b) 1/11
(d) Innity
1=6e0:8t
100
p
10 2jv
100 v2
(b) 1
(d) 2
s
1+ s
y(t)
18
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
p
(a) sin(t 458)= 2
pet
(c) 2 sin t
p
(b) sin(t 458)= 2
1
1
1
Kp Kv Ka
(d)
1
1
1
1 Kp Kv Ka
IES (EE) 2004
35. The steady-state error, due to a ramp input for a type-2 system, is equal to
(a) Zero
(c) Non-zero number
(b) Innite
(d) Constant
1 Kp 2Ka
1 Kp Ka
(c)
3
3
1 Kp Ka
(d)
3
6
1 Kp Ka
IES (EE) 2005
37. The steady-state error of the type-1 second-order system to unit-ramp input is
(a) 2vn
(c) 4=vn
(b) 2=vn
(d) None of these
38. The unit-step response of a second-order linear system, with zero initial states, is given by
ct 1 1:25e6t sin8t tan1 1:333;
t0
The damping ratio and the undamped natural frequency of oscillation of the system are, respectively
(a) 0.6 and 10 rad/s
(c) 0.8 and 10 rad/s
IAS 2000
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
19
39. If a second-order system has poles at 1 j, then the step response of the system will exhibit a peak
value at
(a) 4.5 s
(b) 3.5 s
(c) 3.14 s
(d) 1 s
IAS 2001
40. In a continuous data system:
(a) Data may be a continuous function of time at all points in the system.
(b) Data is necessarily a continuous function of time at all points in the system.
(c) Data is continuous at the input and output parts of the system but not necessarily during
intermediate processing of the data.
(d) Only the reference signal is a continuous function of time.
41. A control system, having a unit damping factor, will give
(a) A critically damped response
(c) An undamped response
K
ss 1
If the gain K is increased to innity, then the damping ratio will tend to become
p
(a) 1= 2
(b) 1
(c) 0
(d) 1
IES (EE) 1993
44. The transfer system of a control system is given as
T s
K
x2 4s K
where K is the gain of the system in radians/amp. For this system to be critically damped, the value of
K should be
(a) 1
(c) 3
(b) 2
(d) 4
20
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(b) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(b) Underdamped
(d) Oscillatory
1
s1
2:
2
s2 2s 2
4:
s2
s2
s2
4
2s 4
1
s2 2s 1
3
6s 3
(b) 1, 4 and 5
(d) 1, 3 and 5
K
ss 1
If the gain K is increased to innity, then the damping ratio will tend to become
(a) Zero
(c) Unity
(b) 0.707
(d) Innite
49. Consider the following statements in connection with the differential equation
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
d 2y
36y 36x
dt2
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
21
(a) 1 and 3
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 and 4
(d) 2, 3 and 4
50. A second-order system exhibits 100% overshoot. Its damping coefcient is:
(a) Equal to 0
(c) Less than 1
(b) Equal to 1
(d) Greater than 1
d 2y
dy
4 8y 8x
2
dt
dt
(b) 0.25
(d) 0.5
s2
List II
1. Zero
2. 0.2
2. 0.3
4. Innity
22
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Codes:
(a)
(c)
A
1
1
B
2
3
C
3
2
D
4
4
(b)
(d)
A
4
4
B
3
2
C
2
3
D
1
1
s2
1
0:2s 1
For a step input, it is required that the response settles to within 2% of its nal value. The plant
settling time is
(a) 20 s
(c) 35 s
(b) 40 s
(d) 45 s
(b) 3/4 s
(d) 4 s
58. Consider the systems with the following open-loop transfer functions:
36
ss 3:6
6:25
3:
ss 4
1:
2:
100
ss 5
The correct sequence of these systems in increasing order of the time taken for the unit-step
response to settle is
(a) 1, 2, 3
(c) 2, 3, 1
(b) 3, 1, 2
(d) 3, 2, 1
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
23
59. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
Codes: A
(a)
1
(c)
4
A. s2 15s 26:25
B. s2 5s 6
C. s2 20:25
D. s2 4:55s 42:25
1. Undamped
2. Under-damped
3. Critically damped
4. Overdamped
B
2
3
C
3
1
D
4
2
(b)
(d)
A
2
1
B
3
2
C
1
4
D
4
3
C(s)
2
s2 + 7s + 2
(a) 1
(c) 6.831
(b) 5.125
(d) 10
10
ss 1s 2
(a) Zero
(c) 4
62. Consider a unit-feedback control system shown in Figure P4.69. The ratio of the time constants of
the open-loop response to the closed-loop response will be:
R(s)
2
s+4
C(s)
24
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(a) 1:1
(c) 3:2
(b) 2:1
(d) 2:3
63. Consider the following overall transfer function for a unity feedback system
s2
4
4s 4
(b) 1 and 2
(d) 1 and 3
1
1 + sT
C(s)
(b) ct T1 et=T
(c) ct 1 et=T
(d) c t Tet=T
IES (EC) 1996
16s 2
s2 s 1s 4
(b) 1
(d) 3
Cs
4
Rs s2 1:6s 4
For the unit-step response, the settling time (in seconds) for 2% tolerance band is
(a) 1.6
(c) 4
(b) 2.5
(d) 5
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
25
67. A second-order system has the damping ratio and undamped natural frequency of oscillation
vn . The settling time at 2% tolerance band of the system is
2
3
(b)
(a)
vn
vn
4
(c)
(c) vn
vn
IES (EC) 2000
68. Which of the following is the steady-state error for a step input applied to a unity-feedback system
with the open-loop transfer function
10
?
G s 2
s 14s 50
(a) ess 0
(c) ess 1
t 0
(b) 2/10
(d) Innity
r(t)
e(t)
C(t)
10( s + 1)
s 2 ( s + 2)
e(t)
10( s + 1)
s 2 ( s + 2)
C(t)
26
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
72. What is the unit-step response of a unity-feedback control system having forward-path transfer
function
80
?
Gs
ss 18
(a) Overdamped
(c) Underdamped
73. What is the steady-state error for a unity-feedback control system having
Gs
due to unit-ramp input?
(a) 1
1
ss 1
(b) 0.5
p
(d) 0:5
(c) 0.25
K
ss 4
(b) 16
(d) 2
Codes:
(a)
(c)
A
3
3
B
1
4
s2
C
2
2
D
4
1
B
4
1
C
3
3
D
1
4
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
27
(d) p
1 2
3
p
vn 1 2
(a) 0
(c) 1
25
s2 8s 25
If the system, initially at rest, is subjected to a unit-step input at t 0, the second peak in the
response will occur at
(a) s
(b) =3 s
(c) 2 =3 s
(d) =2 s
GATE (EC) 1991
80. A unity-feedback control system has an open-loop transfer function
G s
41 2s
s2 s 2
If the input to the system is a unit ramp, the steady-state error will be
(a) 0
(c) 2
(b) 0.5
(d) Innity
1
s 6s 1
(a) 1=6
(c) 0
K
ss 1
28
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(a) Zero
(c) 1/K
s2
9
4s 9
(b) 2.0
(d) 4.0
(a) Overdamped
(c) Underdamped
Ks2
s6
s6
(b) 3
(d) 6
100
s 1s 100
For a unit-step input to the system, the approximate setting time for 2% criterion is:
(a) 100 s
(c) 1 s
(b) 4 s
(d) 0.1 s
(a) Innite
(c) Zero
(b) Constant
(d) Interminate
25
ss 6
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
29
The peak overshoot in the step-input response of the system is approximately equal to:
(a) 5%
(c) 15%
(b) 10%
(d) 20%
90. If the ramp input is applied to a type-2 system, the steady-state error is:
(a) Positive constant
(c) Zero
(b) 0.153
(d) 0.173
(b) j0:5
(d) 0.5 j0:5
(a) 25%
(c) 6%
(b) 0.75%
(d) 33%
u(t) +
3
s + 15
15
s +1
v(t)
30
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
R(s) +
C(s)
K
s( s + 2)
1 + sP
t0
The steady-state value of the unit-step response of the system is equal to:
(a) 0
(c) 0.5
(b) 0.25
(d) 1.0
Codes:
(a)
(c)
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
2
2
B
4
1
C
3
4
D
3
3
(b)
(d)
A
1
1
K
1
0
1=4
B
2
2
C
3
4
K
s Js B
D
4
3
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
31
where J moment of inertia, K system gain and B viscous damping coefcient. The transient
response specication, which is not affected by variation of system gain, is the:
(a) Peak overshoot
(c) Settling time
(b) 9%
(d) Zero
t 0
The natural frequency and the damping factor of the system are respectively
(a) 10 rad/s and 0.6
(c) 6 rad/s and 0.6
p
a
a
(c) p and a2 b2
(d) p and a2 b2
2
2
2
a b
a b2
IES (EE) 2000
102. A unity-feedback control system has a forward-path transfer function
G s
101 4s
s2 1 s
(a) Zero
(c) 10
t 0
(b) 0.1
(d) Innity
32
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Chapter 5
1. If the characteristic equation of a system is s3 14s2 56s k 0 then it will be stable only if:
(a) 0 < K < 784
(b) 1 < K < 64
1
2
10
20
IAS 1994
The number of roots of the system lying on the right half of the s-plane is:
(a) Zero
(c) 3
(b) 2
(d) 4
I II III
+ +
IV
+
IAS 1996
V VI VII
+
+
The number of roots of the system lying the right half of the s-plane is:
(a) 2
(c) 4
(b) 3
(d) 5
IAS 1998
4. For the block diagram shown in Figure P5.21, the limiting values of K for the stability of inner loop
is found to be x < K < y, the overall system will be stable if and only if:
(a) 4x < K < 4y
(c) x < K < y
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
33
5. A system with the characteristic equation s4 2s3 11s2 18s 18 0 will have a closed-loop
poles such that:
(a) All poles lie in the left half of the s-plane.
(b) All poles lie in the right half of the s-plane.
(c) Two poles lie symmetrically on the imaginary axis of the s-plane.
(d) No pole lies on the imaginary axis of the s-plane.
IAS 1993
6. By properly choosing the value of K, the output c(t) of the system (as shown in Figure P5.22) can be
made to oscillate sinusoidally at a frequency (in rad/s) of:
(a) 1
(c) 3
(b) 2
(d) 4
c(t)
s(s+1)(s+4)
IAS 1993
7. Which one of the following statements is true for the system shown in Figure P5.23?
(a) Open-loop system is unstable but closed-loop system is stable.
(b) Open-loop system is stable but closed-loop system is unstable.
(c) Both open-loop and closed-loop system are stable.
(d) Both open-loop and closed-loop systems are unstable.
IAS 1993
34
8.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Codes: A
(a)
(c)
1
2
2
1
4
4
5
5
(b)
(d)
3
4
4
3
2
1
1
5
35
IAS 1995
9. Consider the following statements regarding the stability analysis by RouthHurwitz criterion.
1. For a system to be stable, all the coefcients of the characteristic equation must be present and of
the same sign.
2. If a system is to be stable, there should not be any sign change in the rst column of the Rouths
array.
3. The order of the auxillary equation obtained from the elements of the Rouths table is always
odd.
Of these statements:
(a) 1 and 2 are correct.
(b) 2 and 3 are correct.
(c) 1 and 3 are correct.
(d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
IAS 1999
10. A closed-loop system is shown in Figure P5.24. The largest possible value of for which the system
would be stable is:
(a) 1
(c) 1.2
(b) 1.1
(d) 2.3
(b) 2
(d) 4
IAS 2001
36
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
12. The characteristic equation of a feedback-control system is s3 Ks2 5s 10 0 for the system to
be critically stable, the values of K should be
(a) 1
(c) 3
(b) 2
(d) 4
13. A closed-loop system is stable when all its poles in the s-plane lie
(a) On the positive real axis
(c) In the left half
IAS 2002
14. Consider the equation 2s4 s3 3s2 5s 10 0. The number of roots this equation has in the
right half of the s-plane is:
(a) One
(c) Three
(b) Two
(d) Four
IAS 2003
15. The feedback system shown in Figure P5.25 is stable for all values of K is given by:
(a) K > 0
(c) 0 < K < 42
(b) K < 0
(d) 0 < K < 60
IAS 2003
17. While forming a Rouths array, the situation of a row zeros indicates that the system:
(a) Has symmetrically located roots
(c) Is stable
18. The characteristic equation of a closed-loop system is given by s4 6s3 11s2 6s k 0: Stable
closed-loop behavior can be ensured when the gain K is such that:
(a) 0 < K < 10
(c) 1 K < 1
(b) K > 10
(d) 0 < K 20
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
37
19. By a suitable choice of the scalar parameter K, the system shown in Figure P5.26 can be made to
oscillate continuously at a frequency of:
(a) 1 rad/s
(c) 4 rad/s
(b) 2 rad/s
(d) 8 rad/s
4. Gs
s2 s 2
2s 1
ss 2
(b) 2
(d) 4
(b) 8
(d) 12
Gs s 1s 7
For K > 6, the stability characteristic of the open-loop and closed-loop conguration of the system
are, respectively:
(a) Stable and stable
(c) Stable and unstable
38
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
K
ss 2s 4
The value of K which will cause sustained oscillations in the closed-loop unity feedback, is:
(a) 16
(c) 48
(b) 32
(d) 64
25. The characteristic equation for a third-order is q(s) a0 s3 a1 s2 a2 s a3 0: For the thirdorder system to be stable, besides that all the coefcients have to be positive, which one of the
following has to be satised as a necessary and sufcient condition?
(a) a0 a1 a2 a3
(c) a2 a3 a1 a0
(b) a1 a2 a0 a3
(d) a0 a3 a1 a2
26. For which of the following values of K, the feedback, shown in Figure P5.27, is stable?
(a) K > 0
(c) 0 < K < 42
(b) K < 0
(d) 0 < K < 6 0
(b) Two
(d) Four
IES (EE) 2005
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
39
28. When all the roots of the characteristic equation are found in the left of an s-plane, the response
due to the initial condition will:
(a) Increase to innity as time approaches innity
(b) Decrease to zero as time approaches innity
(c) Remain constant for all time
(d) Be oscillating
IES (EC) 1992
29. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists:
List I (characteristic root location)
1. Marginally stable
2. Unstable
3. Stable
Codes:
(a)
(c)
(b)
(d)
A
1
2
B
2
3
C
3
1
A
3
1
B
1
3
C
2
2
30. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the list:
List I (Roots in the s-plane)
Codes: A
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
3
2
3
2
1
3
2
4
4
4
1
1
2
1
4
3
40
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
31. How many roots of the characteristic equation s5 s4 2s3 2s2 3s 15 0 lie in the left half
of the s-plane?
(a) 1
(c) 3
(b) 2
(d) 5
32. A control system is shown in Figure P5.28. The maximum value of the gain K for which the system is
stable is:
p
(a) 3
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
IES(EC) 1993
33. Consider the following statements regarding the number of sign change in the rst column of Routh
in respect of the characteristic equation s2 2as 4 :
1. If a ", where " is near to zero, number of sign changes will be equal to zero.
2. If a 0, the number of sign change will be equal to one.
3. If a "; where " near zero, the number of sign changes will be equal to two.
Of these statements:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(c) 2 and 3 are correct
(b) 4
(d) 48
1
2
3=2
1=3
10
2
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
41
How many roots of the corresponding equation are there in the left of the s-plane?
(a) 2
(c) 4
(b) 3
(d) 5
36. The characteristic equation of a system is given by 3s4 10s3 5s2 2 0. This system is:
(a) Stable
(c) Unstable
s2 s2
k
2s 2
(a) Zero
(c) 90
38. The RouthHurwitz criterion cannot be applied when the characteristic equation of the system
contains any coefcients which is:
(a) Negative real and exponential functions of s
(b) Negative real, both exponential and sinusoidal functions of s
(c) Both exponential and sinusoidal functions of s
(d) Complex, both exponential and sinusoidal functions of s
IES (EC) 2000
39. Which one of the following characteristics equations can result in a stable operation of the feedback
system?
(a) s3 4s2 s 6 0
(c) s3 4s2 10s 11 0
(b) s3 s2 5s 6 0
(d) s4 s3 2s2 4s 6 0
(b) 1 and 2
(d) 1 and 3
s4
s3
2s 3 0 has:
(b) One root in the RHS of the s-plane
(d) Three roots in the RHS of the s-plane
IES (EC) 2001
42
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
42. A system has a single pole at the origin. Its impulse response will be:
(a) Constant
(d) Decaying exponential
(b) Ramp
(d) Oscillatory
43. Match List I (Polezero plot of linear control system) with List II (Response of the system), and select
the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (Polezero plot of linear control system)
2.
3.
4.
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Codes:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4
4
3
3
3
3
4
4
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
43
(b) 2
(d) 6
45. The closed-loop system shown in Figure P5.29 becomes marginally stable, if the constant K is
chosen to be:
(a) 10
(c) 30
(b) 20
(d) 40
44
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
47. An electromechanical closed-loop control system has the characteristic equation s3 6Ks2
K 2s 8 0; where K is the forward gain of the system. The condition for the closed-loop
stability is:
(a) K 0.528
(c) K 0
(b) K 2
(d) K 2528
(b) (2, 0)
(d) (2, 0)
49. For a second-order system, damping ratio, ; is 0 < < 1, then the roots of the characteristic
polynomial are:
(a) Real but not equal
(c) Complex conjugates
50. The number of roots of s3 5s2 7s 3 0 in the left half of the s-plane is:
(a) Zero
(c) Two
(b) One
(d) Three
(b) s 12 s 2 0
(d) 2s2 6s 5 s 12 s 2 0
GATE (EC) 1998
1
s3 s2 Ks 3
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
45
53. The characteristic polynomial of a system is qs 2s5 s4 4s3 2s2 2s 1. The system is:
(a) Stable
(c) Unstable
K
ss2 s 2s 3
s5
s4
2s3
(a) 4
(c) 3
2s2
56. A feedback system is shown in Figure P5.30. The system is stable for all positive values of K, if:
(b) T < 0
(d) 0 < T < 1
(a) T 0
(c) T > 1
K s 10s 20
s2 s 2
(b) 3
(d) 5
46
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
58. The number of roots of the equation 2s4 s3 3s2 5s 7 0 that lie in the right half of the
s-plane is:
(a) Zero
(c) Two
(b) One
(d) Three
59. The characteristic equation of a feedback control system is 2s4 s3 3s2 5s 10 0. The
number of roots in the right half of the s-plane are:
(a) Zero
(c) 2
(b) 1
(d) 3
60. First column elements of the Rouths tabulation are 3, 5, 3/4, 1/2 and 2. It means that there
is/are:
(a) One root in the left half of the s-plane
(c) Two root in the right half of the s-plane
(b) K 8
(d) K 96
K 1 s
1s
(b) K > 1
(d) K <1
63. The algebraic equation Fs s5 3s4 5s3 7s2 4s 20 is given. F(s) 0 has:
(a) A single complex root with the remaining roots being real
(b) One positive real root and four complex roots, all with positive real parts
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
47
(c) One negative real root, two imaginary roots and two roots with positive real parts
(d) One positive real root, two imaginary roots and two roots with negative real parts
GATE (EE) 2006
64. The characteristic equation of a control system is given by ss 4s2 2s 2 Ks 1 0.
What are the angles of the asymptotes for the root loci for K 0?
(a) 608, 1808, 3008
(c) 1208, 1808, 2408
65. Figure P5.64 shows the Nyquist plot of the open-loop transfer function G(s)H(s) of a system. If
G(s)H(s) has one right-hand pole, the closed-loop system is:
Figure P5.64
66. For the equation s3 4s2 s 6 0; the number of roots in the left half of the s-plane will be:
(a) Zero
(c) Two
(b) One
(d) Three
48
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Chapter 6
1. Which one of the following application software is used to obtain an accurate root locus plot?
(a) LISP
(c) dBASE
(b) MATLAB
(d) Oracle
2. Despite the presence of a negative feedback, control systems still have problems of instability
because the:
(a) Components used have nonlinearities.
(b) Dynamic equations of the subsystems are not known exactly.
(c) Mathematical analysis involves approximations.
(d) The system has a large negative phase angle at high frequencies.
GATE (EC) 2005
3. The open-loop transfer function of unity-feedback control system is
Gs
K
;
ss as b
0<ab
ab
ab
ab
ab
a
(d) 0 < K < a b
b
(b) 0 < K <
K s 2
2s 2
ss2
K s 1s 3
s2 4s 8
IAS 1993
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
49
IAS 1994
6. Which of the following are the features of the breakaway point in the root-locus of a closed-loop control
system with the characteristic equation 1 KG1 s H1 s 0?
1. It need not always occur only on the real axis.
2. At this point G1 s H1 s 0:
dk
3. At this point 0:
ds
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 2
(d) 1 and 3
K
ss 2s 4
50
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
IAS 1996
8. To improve the stability and time response of a control system, poles are often added to the system
transfer function. In this context, which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(a) Zero poles: makes the system stable and slow responding
(b) One pole: makes the system less stable and slow responding
(c) Two poles: makes the system less stable and fast responding
(d) Three poles: makes the system conditionally stable and fast responding
IAS 1997
9. Consider the following statements regarding root loci:
1. All root loci start from respective poles of G(s) H(s).
2. All root loci end at the respective zeros of G(s) H(s) or go to innity.
3. The root loci are symmetrical about the imaginary axis of the s-plane.
Of these statements:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(c) 2 and 3 are correct
IAS 1997
(b) 1, 0
(d) 0, 1
IAS 1998
11. Consider the following statements regarding the root-locus technique for analyzing linear control
systems:
1. Root-locus is the locus of the roots of the characteristic equation as the closed-loop gain K is
varied from zero to innity.
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
51
2. The number of branches of the root-loci is equal to the number of poles of the open-loop transfer
function.
3. For a particular point in the s-plane to lie on the root-locus, the angle criteria to be satised is
2I 1; where I 0; 1; 2:
Of these statements:
(a) 1 and 2 are correct.
(c) 1 and 3 are correct.
IAS 1999
12. Figure P6.25 shows root-loci of the open-loop transfer function G(s)H(s) of a system. Consider the
following inferences drawn from the gure:
1. It has no zero.
2. It is a stable system.
3. It is a second order system.
Which of these inferences are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 2
(d) 1 and 3
IAS 2000
s-plane
52
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
K s 2
;
s 1s 3s 4
k>0
Two branches (loci) of the plot directed along asymptotes are centered at a point:
(a) 3
(c) 2
(b) 4
(d) 1
IAS 2001
K s 10s 70
s3 s 100s 200
IAS 2003
16. The intersection of root locus branches with the imaginary axis can be determined by use of:
17. Which of the following is not necessarily valid for root-locus pattern?
(a) The n nite zeros and m poles are plotted on the s-plane. Then (m n) indicates the number of
non-nite zeros.
(b) The number of poles gives the number of loci.
(c) A value of s on the real axis is a point on the root locus, if the total number of poles and zeros on the
real axis to the right of the point is even.
(d) There are as many asymptotes as non-nite zeros.
IES (EE) 1992
18. The root locus of a unity feedback system is shown in Figure P6.26. The open-loop transfer function is
given by:
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
K s 1
ss 2
Ks
(d)
s 1s 2
K
ss 1s 2
K s 2
(c)
ss 1
53
(b)
(a)
K
ss 1s 2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
zero
origin
54
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(a) 0.2
(c) 3.4
(b) 1.4
(d) 4.8
21. For a unity-negative feedback control system, the open-loop transfer function is
Gs
K
ss 1s 2
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
55
K s 2
ss 4s2 4s 8
In the root-locus diagram of the system, the asymptotes of the root-loci for large values of K meet at a
point in the s-plane. Which one of the following is the set of coordinates of that point?
(a) (1, 0)
(c) (10/3, 0)
(b) (2, 0)
(d) (2, 0)
56
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
24. Consider the following statements with reference to the root loci of the characteristic equation of
unity-feedback control system with an open-loop transfer function of
K s 1s 3s 5
Gs
ss 2s 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reach locus starts at an open-loop pole and ends either at an open-loop zero or innity.
Reach locus starts at an open-loop pole or innity and ends at an open-loop zero.
There are three separate root loci.
There are ve separate root loci.
(b) 2 and 4
(d) 1 and 4
(b) 1
(d) 3
K
;
4s 20
ss 4s2
0 < K <
(b) Two
(d) Zero
(b) 1 and 3
(d) 2 and 4
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
57
(b) 1 and 3
(d) 1 and 2
5s 1
s2 4s 4
10s 1
(d)
s 22
(a)
(b)
K s 6
s 3s 5
K s 10
ss 8s 16s 72
then a closed-loop pole will be located at s 12 when the value of K is:
(a) 4355
(c) 9600
(b) 5760
(d) 9862
58
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
K
ss 1s 2
(b) s 1 and 1
(d) s 2 and 1
(b) 2
(d) 4
34. Which of the following effects are correct in respect of addition of a pole to the system loop transfer
function?
1. The root locus is pulled to the right.
2. The system response becomes slower.
3. The steady state error increases.
Of these statements:
(a) 1 and 2 are correct.
(c) 2 and 3 are correct.
35. The intersection of asymptotes of root-loci of a system with the open-loop transfer function
K
G s H s
ss 1s 3
is
(a) 1.44
(c) 1.44
(b) 1.33
(d) 1.33
36. The root-locus plot of the system having the loop-transfer function
K
Gs Hs
2
ss 4s 4s 5
has
(a) No breakaway point
(b) Three real breakaway points
(c) Only one breakaway point
(d) One real and two complex breakaway points
IES (EC) 2001
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
59
K s 1
ss 2s2 2s 2
It has:
(a) One zero at innity
(c) Three zeros at innity
38. Which of the following is the open-loop transfer function of the root loci shown in
Figure P6.30?
r1
r3
r2
K
ss T1 2
K
(c)
s T 3
K
s T1 s T2 2
K
(d) 2
s sT1 1
(a)
(b)
(b) Spirule
(d) Selsyn
K s 1
ss 3s 4
60
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
41. Figure P6.31 shows the root locus of a unity-feedback system. The open-loop transfer function of the
system is:
K
Ks
(b)
(a)
ss 1s 2
s 1s 2
K s 1
K s 2
(d)
(c)
ss 2
ss 1
IES (EC) 2003
42. The root loci of a feedback control system for large values of s are asymptotic to the straight lines
with angles u to the real axis given by the equation:
p z
2K 1
(a)
(b)
2K 1
pz
2K
z
(c) 2K(p z)
(d)
p
IES (EC) 2004
43. Consider the following statements: In root-locus plot, the breakaway points:
1. Need not always be on the real axis alone
2. Must lie on the root loci
3. Must lie between 0 and1
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(b) 1 and 2
(d) 2 and 3
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
61
62
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
47. If the open-loop transfer function is a ratio of a numerator polynomial of degree m and a denominator
polynomial of degree n, then the integer (n m) represents the number of:
(a) Break-away points
(c) Separate root loci
(a) 4
(c) 2
(b) 1
(d) 3
K
ss 2s 3
(b) (2.548, 0)
(d) (0.784, 0)
52. Given
G s H s
K
ss 1s 3
the point of intersection of the asymptotes of the root loci with the real axis is:
(a) 4
(c) 1.33
(b) 1.33
(d) 4
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
63
53. A unity-feedback system has an open-loop transfer function, Gs K=s2 : The root loci plot is:
(b) B
(d) D
64
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
K
ss 1s 2s 3
Which of the following statements regarding the conditions of the system root loci diagram is/
are correct?
1. There will be four asymptotes.
2. There will be three separate root loci.
3. Asymptotes will intersect at real axis at A 2=3.
Which of the follwing is the correct answer?
(a) 1 alone
(c) 3 alone
(b) 2 alone
(d) 1, 2 and 3
57. Match List-I with List-II in respect of the open-loop transfer function
Gs Hs
and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (Types of loci)
List II (Numbers)
A. Separate loci
B. Loci on the real axis
C. Asymptotes
D. Break-away points
1. one
2. two
3. three
4. ve
Codes: A
(a)
(c)
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
(b)
(d)
3
4
4
3
1
2
2
1
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
65
59. The characteristic equation of a linear control system is s2 5Ks 10 0: The root-loci of the
system for 0 < K < 1 is:
j
K=
K=0
K=
K = Re
K=0
K=0
K=0
Re
K=
(a)
(b)
j
K=0
K=
Re
K=
K=0
(c)
Re
K=
K=0
K=0
K=
(d)
(b) (1, 0)
(d) (3, 0)
61. Which of the following are the characteristics of the root locus of
K s 5
Gs Hs
s 1s 3
1. It has one asymptote.
3. It has two real axis intersection.
66
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Chapter 7
1. A system is described by
0
X
2
0
1
u and Y 1
x
1
3
0x
1
3s 1
1
(d) 2
3s 2s 1
(b)
2s2
[IAS 1995]
2. Consider the single-input system described by the vector-matrix state equation A t But;
and the output equation Yt Ct, where t is the state vector, u(t) is the control input and
0
0
1
A
; B
; C 1 1
1 2
1
The system is:
(a) Controllable and observable
(c) Uncontrollable but observable
[IAS 1995]
u
(b)
u
X2
X2
0 2 x2
1
0 2 x2
0
(c)
X1
X2
1
0
0
1
x1
1
u
0
x2
(d)
X1
X2
0
2
0
2
x1
2
u
2
x2
[IAS 1996]
4. A control system is represented as x AX BU, y CX. Consider the following statements in
this regard:
1.
2.
3.
The pair (AB) is controllable implies that the pair (ATBT) is observable.
The condition of controllability depends on the matrices A and B of the system.
The pair (AC) is observable implies that the pair (ATCT) is controllable.
Of these statements:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(c) 2 and 3 are correct
[IAS 1997]
5. The state representation for a second-order system is given by X1 x1 u, X2 x1 2x2 u.
Consider the following statements regarding the above systems:
1.
2.
3.
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
67
Of these statement:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(c) 2 and 3 are correct
[IAS 1997]
Y 1 0 x
[IES 1993]
[IES 1992]
8. Which of the following statements regarding the state transition matrix is correct?
(a) f0 0
(c) ft1 t2 ft1 ft2
(b) f0 0 f1=t
(d) ft1 t2 ft1 t0 ft2 t0
[IAS 2000]
9. A system G(s) is expressed in the state variable form as x JX Bu, y CX Du. Consider the
following statements with regard to the properties of Jordan canonical matrix J.
1.
2.
3.
s6
2
6 s 6s 5
fs 6
4
5
s2 6s 5
3
1
s2 6s 5 7
7
5
s
s2 6s 5
[IAS 1999]
68
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
6
0
5 6
(b)
5
0
(d)
5
6
0
5
1
6
[IAS 1998]
11. A linear second-order single-input continuous time system is described by the following set of
differential equations:
X1 2x1 4x2,
X2 2x1 x2 u(t)
where x1 and x2 are state variables and u(t) is the input. The system is:
(a) Controllable and stable
(b) Uncontrollable and unstable
[IAS 1998]
1 1
A
1
0
The values of its damping factor x and natural frequency on are respectively:
(a) 1 and 1
(c) 0.707 and 2
[IES 1996]
13. Which of the following properties are associated with the state transition matrix (t)?
1. ft f1 t
2. ft1 =t2 ft1 f1 t2
3. ft1 t2 ft2 ft1
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 2
(d) 1 and 3
[IES 1996]
14. The state variable description of a single-input single-output linear system is given by: Xt
AXt but and yt CXt; where
0
1 1
; C 1 1
; B
A
1
2 0
The system is:
(a) Controllable and observable
(c) Uncontrollable but observable
[IES 1996]
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
69
u
X2
0 2 x2
1
The state transition matrix of the system is:
2t
e
1
(a)
0 e2t
2t
1
e
(c)
0 e2t
16. The state equation of a system is
e2t
(b)
0
2t
e
(d)
0
et
1
e2t
[IES 1994]
0
0
1
u
X
X
1
20 9
[IES 1995]
described in the state variable form, is
3
0
1 5
2
[IES 1993]
18. The state representation of a second-order system is x1 x1 u, x2 x1 2x2 u. Consider the
following statements regarding the above system:
1.
2.
3.
Of these statements
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(c) 2 and 3 are correct
1
X
0
1
0
u
X
0
2
1
X
and Y
1
[IES 1993]
70
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1
s2
1
(d)
s1
(b)
[IES 2003]
20. Consider the following statements with respect to a system represented by its state space model X
AX BU and Y CX:
The static vector X of the system is unique.
The eigen values of A are the poles of the system transfer function.
The minimum number of state variables required is equal to the number of independent energy
storage elements in the system.
Which of these statements are correct?
1.
2.
3.
(a) 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3
(b) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, and 3
(a) 1
(c) 0
(b) 1
(d) None of above
[IES 2003]
21. A certain linear time invariant system has the state and the output equations given below:
x1
x
1 1
0
X1
u;
Y 1 1 1
0
1
1
X2
x2
x2
If x1 0 1; x2 0 1; u0 0 then dy
dt t0 is:
[GATE 1997]
22. A linear discrete-time system has the characteristic equation z3 0.81z 0. The system:
(a) Is stable
(b) Is marginally stable
(c) Is unstable
(d) Stability cannot be accessed from the given information
[GATE 1992]
23. A linear time-invariant system is described by the state variable model
X1
X2
1
0
0 2
x1
0
u 1
1
x2
x
2 1
x2
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
71
24. A linear second-order single-input continuous time system is described by the following set of
differential equations:
X1 t 2x1 t 4x2 t;
X2 t 2x1 t x2 t 4t
where x1 t and x2 t are the state variables and u(t) is the control variable. The system is:
(a) Controlled and stable
(c) Uncontrolled and unstable
25. A system described by
X1
X2
0
1
1
1
x1
x2
[GATE 1992]
To test its stability by Lyapunovs method, the following V-functions are considered:
V1 2x12 x22 ;
V2 x12 x22
(b) Only V2
(d) Neither V1 nor V2
[IES 1993]
27. Given
A
et
0
1
0
0
1
(b)
et
[GATE 1998]
(d)
et
0
0
et
0
et
et
0
[GATE 2004]
28. The state variable equations of a system are X1 3x1 x2 u; X2 2x1 ; Y x1 u: The
system is:
(a) Controllable but not observable
(c) Neither controllable nor observable
72
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
and
0
1 1
x2 0
x2
x2
is
te t
(a)
t
t
e
(c)
te t
t
e
(b)
t
t
(d)
te t
[GATE 2003]
30. The transfer function y(s)/u(s) of a system described by the state equations xt 2xt 2ut
and yt 0:5xt is:
0:5
s2
0:5
(c)
s2
(a)
1
s2
1
(d)
s2
(b)
[GATE 2002]
(b) 0, 1, 3
(d) 0, 1, 1
[GATE 1999]
(b)
1
s2 5s 7
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(c)
s
s2 3s 2
(d)
are:
(a) a 1; 0
(c) a 1; 0
a
a
1
1
1
s2 3s 2
73
[GATE 1995]
(b) a; 0
(d) 0; 0
[GATE 1994]
35. The matrix of any state-space equations for the transfer function Cs=Rs of the system, shown in
Figure P7.17, is
1
(a)
0
0
1
(c) 1
0
(b)
0
1
1
(d) 3
[GATE 1994]
36. The transfer function for the state variable representation X AX Bu, Y CX Du is
given by:
(a) D CsI A1 B
(c) DsI A1 B C
[GATE 1993]
37. Consider a seconds order system whose state-space representation is of the form X AX Bu. If
x1 t x2 t, the system is:
(a) Controllable
(c) Observable
(b) Uncontrollable
(d) Unstable
[GATE 1993]
38. A linear system is described by the following state equation Xt AXt BUt; where
0 1
A
1 0
74
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
cos t
sin t
(b)
sin t cos t
cos t sin t
(d)
cos t sin t
[GATE 2006]
39. A system with input x[n] and output y[n] is given as
5
yn sin pn xn
6
The system is:
(a) Linear, stable and invertible
(c) Linear, stable and non-invertible
0
1
0
0
3
0
07
7X
15
1
are:
(a) 0, 0, 0, 0
(c) 0, 0, 0, 1
41. For the system
(b) 1, 1, 1, 1
(d) 1, 0, 0, 0
2
X
0
[GATE 2002]
1
3
X
u
5
0
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
0
(c) 4 K 2
LJ
3
1
B 5
J
1
(d) 4 B
J
3
0
K 2 5
LJ
75
[GATE 2003]
43. The state transition matrix for the system X AX with initial state X(0) is:
(a) sI A1
(c) Laplace inverse of sI A1
(b) eAt 0
(d) Laplace inverse of sI A1 0
[GATE 2002]
44. The state variable description of a linear autonomous system is X AX, where X is the
two-dimensional state vector, and A is the system matrix given by
0 2
A
2 0
The roots of the characteristic equation are:
(a) 2 and 2
(c) 2 and 2
45. For the matrix
3
P 40
0
2
2
0
[GATE 2004]
3
2
15
1
one of the eigen values is equal to 2. Which of the following is an eigen vector?
2
3
3
(b) 4 2 5
1
2 3
2
(d) 4 5 5
0
3
3
(a) 4 2 5
1
2
3
1
(c) 4 2 5
3
[GATE 2005]
46. If
1
R 42
2
3
0 1
1 1 5
3
2
6 4
0 1
(b) 5 3 1
(d) 2 1 1=2
[GATE 2005]
76
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
3s 2
2s 1
4s2
1 1
1
X2
x2
[GATE 2006]
C x2
where r and C are the input and output respectively. The transfer function is:
1
1
(b)
(a)
s1
s 12
1
1
(d)
(c)
s1
s 12
[IES 1997]
49. Consider the following state equations for a discrete system:
x1 K
1=2
0
1
x1 K 1
uK ;
1=4 1=4
1
x2 K 1
x2 K
yK 1
1
x1
x2
K
4uK
K
ut
1 2 x2 t
1
x2 t
Output equation :
Ct 1
x t
1 1
x2 t
[IES 1997]
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
77
[IES 1998]
0
A
2
yt Cst
0
;
B
1
1
;
3
C 1 1
[IES 2002]
52. The state-space representation in a phase-variable form for the transfer function
Gs
is
0
(a) x
9
(c) x
9
0
2s 1
s2 7s 9
1
0
x
u; y 1
7
1
2 x
1
(b) x
9
0
0
u; y 2
x
1
7
0 x
(d) x
9
1
0
0
x
u; y 0
7
1
1 x
0
7
u; y 1 2 x
x
1
0
[IES 2002]
53. The asymptotic approximation of the log magnitude versus frequency plot of a minimum phase
system with real poles and one zero is shown in Figure P7.18.
dB
54
40 dB/dec
60 dB/dec
40 dB/dec
60 dB/dec
0.1
25
rad/sec
Figure P7.18 Closed-loop poles and response: a. stable system; b. unstable system.
78
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(c)
20s 5
ss 2 s 25
(b)
20s 5
s2 s 2 s
(d)
25
10s 5
s 22 s 25
50s 5
s2 s 2 s
25
[GATE (EE) 2001]
54. The Bode plot shown in Figure P7.19 has Gjo as:
(a)
100
jo1 j0:5o1 j0:1o
(b)
100
jo2 jo10 jo
(c)
10
jo1 2jo1 10jo
(d)
10
jo1 0:5jo10:1jo
x (t)
1
s+1
y (t)
40
20
0 0.01
0.05 0.1
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(a)
(b)
101 10s
s1 20s
(c)
3s 0:05
ss 0:1s 1
(d)
5s 0:1
ss 0:05
79
s10
s1s 100
(b)
10s1
s1s 100
(c)
102 s1
s10s 100
(d)
103 s100
s1s 10
[GATE (EC) 2004]
58. In the Bode plot of a unity-feedback control system, the value of phase of G(jo) at the gain crossover
frequency is 125 , the phase margin of the system is:
(a) 125
(c) 55
(b) 55
(d) 125
80
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
59. Non-minimum phase-transfer function is dened as the transfer function, which has:
(a) Zeros in the right-hand s-plane
(c) Poles in the right-half s-plane
60. The 3-dB bandwidth of a typical second-order system given by with the transfer function
Cs
o2n
2
Rs s t2xon so2n
is
q
(a) on 1 2x2
r
q
r
q
2
(b) on 1 2x x4 x2 1
r
q
(c) on
(d) on
61. The log-magnitude Bode plot of non-minimum system is shown in Figure P7.22.
s 10
s 100
(b) Gs
s 10
s 100
(c) Gs
s 10
1 100
(d) Gs
s 10
s 100
[IES (EC) 1997]
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
81
(b) Decreases
(d) Becomes innite
Magnitude (db)
20 db/dec
40 db/dec
3
log
(b) 1 and 2
(d) 1 and 3
65. A system with zero initial conditions has the closed-loop transfer function
T s
s2 4
s1s4
(b) 1 rad/sec
(d) 4 rad/sec
82
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
100
s2 10s100
The frequency response of the system will exhibit the resonance peak at:
(a) 10 rad/s
(c) 7.07 rad/s
p
(b) 2
(d) 3
(a)p
2
(c) 3
68. Consider the following statements associated with phase and gain margins:
1. They are a measure of closeness of the polar plot to the 1 j0 point.
2. For a non-minimum phase to be stable, it must have positive phase and gain margins.
3. For a minimum phase system to be stable, both the margin must be positive.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(d) 1 alone
69. An open-loop transfer function of a unity-feedback control system has two nite zeros, two poles at
origin and two pairs of complex conjugate poles. The slope of high-frequency asymptote in a Bode
magnitude plot will be
(a) 40 dB/decade
(c) 40 dB/decade
(b) 0 dB/decade
(d) 80 dB/decade
1
1sT 3
(b) 908
(d) 2708
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
83
71. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (Transfer functions)
List II (Description)
A.
1 s
1s
B.
1s
1s1 2s1 3s
C.
1 3s
1 4s1 2s1s
Codes A
(a)
1
(c)
3
B
3
1
C
2
2
A
(b) 3
(d) 2
B
2
1
C
1
3
72. What is the slope change at o 10 of the magnitude vs. frequency characteristic of a unity-feedback
system with the following open-loop transfer function?
Gjo
51j0:1o
jo1j0:5o 1j0:6o=50jo=502
73. The magnitude plot for a minimum phase function is shown in the given Figure P7.24.
84
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
s2
4
2s 4
(a) 4
(c) 2
75. A linear state time-invariant system is forced with an input xt A sin ot under steady-state
conditions (see Figure P7.25),
x(t)
G(s)
y(t)
76. Consider the following statements with regard to the bandwidth of a closed-loop system:
1. In a system, where the low-frequency magnitude is 0 dB on the Bode diagram, the bandwidth is
measured at the 3-dB frequency.
2. The bandwidth of the closed-loop control system is a measurement of the range of delity of
response of the systems.
3. The speed of response to a step input is proportional to the bandwidth.
4. The system with the larger bandwidth provides a slower step response and lower delity ramp
response.
Which of the statements give above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(b) 1, 2 and 4
(d) 2, 3 and 4
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
85
77. The Bode phase angle plot of a system is shown in Figure P7.26.
(b) 1
(d) 3
=1
90
180
=1
86
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
80. A minimum phase unity-feedback system has a Bode plot with a constant slope of 20 dB/decade for
all frequencies. What is the value of the maximum phase margin for the system?
(a) 08
(c) 908
(b) 908
(d) 1808
(b) o1 =o2 10
(d) None of the above
Magnitude
82. Which one of the following is the minimum phase transfer function corresponds to Bode magnitude
plot, as shown in the Figure P7.28?
20 db/dec
=2
Frequency
(a)
1
2s1
(b) 2s 1
(c)
1
s=2 1
(d)
1
s1
2
[IAS 2004]
1
s1
The bandwidth for this system, under open-loop and closed-loop operations, are respectively:
(a) 0.5 andp
1.0
rad/s
[IAS 2004]
84. The magnitude plot for a transfer function is shown in Figure P7.29. What is the steady-state error
corresponding to a unit-step input?
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
87
(a) 1=101
(c) 1=41
(b) 1=100
(d) 1=40
k<
[IAS 2002]
1
T
Which one of the following (Figure P7.30) is the Bode plot of this function?
88
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
87. The frequency response for a network function H(s) is given in Figure P7.31.
|H( j )| db
20
20 db/dec
(rad/s)
10s
s1
1
(d)
ss1
(a)
(b)
[IAS 2003]
20 log10 |G( j )|
88. Consider the following statements regarding the transfer function G(s) plotted in Figure P7.32:
40
20
0.1
10
100
(rad)
(b) 1 and 2
(d) 1 and 3
[IAS 2000]
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
89
6 db/octane
6 db
0.1
6 db/octane
10
2 (log scale)
s
4 1
2
(a)
s
s 1
10
(c)
s
4s 1
2
(b)
s
1
10
41 2s
s1 10s
(d)
4s1 2s
1 10s
[IES (EC) 1998]
90. Straight line asymptotic Bode-magnitude plot for a certain system is shown in Figure P7.34.
What will be its transfer function?
db
10
20 db/dec
40 db/dec
4s
s
s 2
1
1
4
10
0:25
(c)
s
1
1
4
10
(a)
s
4 1
4
(b)
s 2
1
10
0:25s
(d)
s 2
1
1
4
10
[IAS 1997]
90
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
91. Bode plots of an open-loop transfer function of a control system are shown in Figure P7.35.
Gain
(db)
0
Phase
(degrees)
90
180
270
(a) K
(c) 1=K
[IAS 1996]
92. For asymptotic Bode plot (dB versus log) of a transfer function with a factor of the form
1
s2 2xon ss2n
the corner frequency, slope in dB/dec and error at the corner frequency will be respectively
(a) xon , 40 and error is x dependent
(b) on , 40 and error x is dependent
(c) xon , 20 and 3 dB
(d) on , 20 and dB
[IAS 1994]
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
91
93. GA jo,GB jo and Gc jo are three transfer functions whose phase variations are shown in
Figure P7.36. The magnitude variation with respect to frequency is the same for both GA jo and
Gc jo; but the phase variation is as indicated by the curves labeled A and C in the gure. The
transfer function GB jo is such that xC jo xA jo wB jo:
[IAS 1994]
+
-
16
s(s + 4)
c(t)
The steady-state response, c(t), will exhibit a resonance peak at a frequency of:
p
(a) 4 rad=s
(b) p
2 2 rad=s
(c) 2 rad=s
(d) 2 rad=s
[IAS 1993]
92
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
95. A system has 12 poles and 2 zeros. Its high frequency asymptote in its magnitude plot has a slope of:
(b) 240 dB/decade
(d) 320 dB/decade
K s 3
ss 1
(d)
Ks
s 1s 3
Im
s-plane
3 2 1
97. The Nyquist plot of an open-loop system with the transfer function
Gs Hs
s2
s 1s 1
2
(b)
2
(c)
2
(d)
IAS 1994
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
93
98. The Nyquist plot of an open-loop stable system is shown in Figure P7.39. If (1, 0) point is as
indicated in the gure, then the closed loop system will be:
(a) Unstable with two RHP poles
(c) Unstable with one pole in RHP
(b) Stable
(d) Unstable with three poles in RHP
= 0
(1, 0)
=
=0
IAS 1995
99. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (Nyquist plot)
A.
1.
K
1 sT1 1 sT2
B.
2.
K
1 sT1 1 sT2 1 sT3
C.
3.
K
1 sT1
D.
4.
K
s1 sT1
94
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Codes:
(a)
(c)
4
4
3
1
1
2
5
5
(b)
(d)
3
1
1
2
2
3
5
4
IAS 1995
100. Consider the following Nyquist plot (Figure P7.40). The feedback system will be stable, if and only if
the critical point lies in the region:
(a) I (OP)
(c) III (QR)
(b) II (PQ)
(d) IV (R to minus innity)
(b) KT
(d) Zero
IAS 2001
102. The Nyquist plot of a system passes through the (1, j0) point in the GH plane. The phase margin of
the system is:
(a) >0
(c) <0
(b) Zero
(d) Innite
IAS 2002
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
95
103. The 3-dB cut-off frequency of a rst-order low-pass lter is oc . If the input signal is 0.5 sin oc t; the
output will have a phase shift of:
(a) 45
(c) 45
(b) 90
(d) 90
IAS 2004
107. The constant M-circles corresponding to the magnitude (M) of the closed-loop transfer of a linear
system for values of M greater than one lie in the G-plane and to the:
(a) Right of the M = 1 line
(c) Upper side of the M = +j1 line
108. Consider the Nyquist diagram (Figure P7.41) for given KG(s)H(s). The transfer function KG(s)H(s)
has no poles and zeros in the right half of the plane. If (1, j0) point is located rst in region I and then
in region II, the change in stability of the system will be from:
(a) Unstable to stable
(c) Unstable to unstable
96
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Im
Real
(b)
s2 1 sT1
(d)
s2 1 sT1 1 sT2
100
ss 10
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
97
111. Consider the following Nyquist of a feedback system having open-transfer function
s1
GHs 2
s s 2
as shown in Figure P7.42. What is then number of closed-loop poles in the right half of the s-plane?
(a) 0
(c) 2
(b) 1
(d) 3
(b) 1 and 2
(d) only 3
113. Match List I (Nyquist plot of loop-transfer function of a control system) with List II (Gain margin in
dB), and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.
List I
List II
1. >0
2. 1
98
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
3. < 0
4. 0
(a)
(c)
2
2
4
1
1
4
3
3
(b)
(d)
3
3
1
4
4
1
2
2
K s 10s 20
s3 s 100s 200
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
99
115. The effect of adding poles and zeroes can be determined quickly by:
(a) Nicholas chart
(c) Bode plot
116. The polar plot of a transfer function passes through the critical point (1, 0). The gain margin is:
(b) 1 dB
(d) Innity
(a) Zero
(c) 1 dB
10
ss 12
intercepts the real axis at o o0 . Then, the real parts and o0 are respectively given by:
(a) 5, 1
(c) 5, 0.5
(b) 2.5, 1
(d) 5, 2
1
ss 11 0:5s
119. The gain-phase plot of an open-loop transfer function of four different systems labeled A, B, C and
D are shown in Figure P7.43. The correct sequence of the increasing order of stability of the four
systems will be:
100
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(a) A, B, C, D
(c) B, A, D, C
(b) D, C, B, A
(d) B, C, D, A
120. A portion of a polar plot of an open-loop transfer function is shown in Figure P7.44. The phase
margin and gain margin will be respectively:
(a) 30 and0:75
(c) 60 and 0.75
1
120
Re G(s)H(s)
0.375
j Gjo j
Gjo
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
7.5
4.8
3.15
2.25
1.70
1.00
0.64
118
130
140
150
157
170
180
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
101
122. The type and order of the system, whose Nyquist plot is shown in Figure P7.45, are respectively:
(a) 0, 1
(c) 0, 2
(b) 1, 2
(d) 2, 1
Im
40
=0
Re
123. The radius and the center of M circles are given respectively by:
M
(a) 2
;
M 1
(c)
M2
;
M1
M2
;0
M2 1
M2
(b) 2
;
M 1
M2
;0
M1
(d)
M2
;
M2 1
M
;0
M2 1
M2
;
0
M2 1
IES (EC) 1996
124. Which one of the following is the polar plot of a typical type zero system with open-loop transfer
function
Gjo
K
1 joT1 1 joT2
102
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
126. Consider the following statements: The gain margin and phase margin of an unstable system may
respectively be:
1. Positive, positive
3. Negative, positive
2. Positive, negative
4. Negative, negative
Of these statements:
(a) 1 and 4 are correct.
(c) 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
127. The polar plot of an open-loop transfer function of a feedback-control system intersects the real axis
at 2. The gain margin of the system is:
(a) 6 dB
(c) 6 dB
(b) 0 dB
(d) 40 dB
128. Match List I (scientist) with List II (contribution in the area of), and select the correct answer using
the codes given below the lists:
List I
List II
A. Bode
1. Asymptotic plots
B. Evans
2. Polar plots
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
C. Nyquist
103
Codes:
(a)
(c)
1
3
4
1
2
4
(b)
(d)
B
2
1
C
3
3
4
2
129. The polar plot (for positive frequencies) for the open-loop transfer function of a unity-feedback
control system is shown in Figure P7.46. The phase margin and the gain margin of the system are
respectively:
(a) 1508 and 4
(c) 308 and 4
1
Re G(j)
j1
(b) x 0
(d) x 12 y2 1
131. Which of the following features is NOT associated with Nicholas chart?
(a) (0 dB,1808) point on Nicholas chart represents the critical point (1 j0).
(b) It is symmetric about1808.
(c) The M loci are centered about (0 dB,1808) point.
(d) The frequency at the intersection of the G(jo ) locus and M 3 dB locus give a bandwidth of
the closed-loop system.
IES (EC) 2000
104
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
K
1 s1 2s1 3s
(b) p
1
(d) 3
1
s1 sT1 1 sT2
The phase crossover frequency and the gain margin are respectively:
p
T1 T2
T1 T2 and
T1 T2
p
T1 T2
(d) T1 T2 and
T1 T2
1
T1 T2
(a) p and
T1 T2
T1 T2
1
T1 T2
(c) p and
T1 T2
T1 T2
(b)
134. A constant N-circle having center at 1=2 j0 in the G-plane, represents the phase angle
equal to:
(a) 180
(b) 90
(c) 45
(d) 0
IES (EC) 2001
135. The constant M-circle represented by the equation x2 2:25 x y2 1:125; where x
ReGjo and y ImGjo has the value of M equal to:
(a) 1
(c) 3
(b) 2
(d) 4
10
s2 1 0:5s1 s
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
105
137. Consider the following statements: Nichol?s chart gives information about:
1. Closed-loop frequency response
2. The value of the peak magnitude of the closed-loop frequency response Mp
3. The frequency at which Mp occurs
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(b) 1 and 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3
138. Which of the following is the Nyquist diagram for the open-loop transfer function
5
?
G s H s
s1 0:1s1 0:01s
Im
Im
Re
(b)
(a)
Im
Re
Im
Re
(c)
Re
(d)
x y2
(b) 0
(d) 90
106
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
140. Which of the following techniques is utilized to determine the actual point at which the root locus
crosses the imaginary axis?
(a) Nyquist technique
(c) Nichol?s criterion
2. Nyquist plot
4. RouthHurwitz criterion
Which of these techniques are used to determine the relative stability of a closed-loop linear system?
(a) 1 and 2
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 4
(d) 2, 3 and 4
Im G(s)
=0
=
Re G(s)
Re G(s)
=0
(b)
(a)
Im G(s)
Im G(s)
=0
=0
(c)
=
Re G(s)
Re G(s)
(d)
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
107
143. The Nyquist plot, shown in Figure P7.47, matches with the transfer function:
(a)
(c)
1
s 13
1
s2 2s 2
(b)
1
s 12
(d)
1
s1
Im
Re
=0
144. The phase margin (PM) and the damping ratio x are related by:
q
p
2
2x 1 4x4
2x
(b) PM tan1 q
(a) PM 90 tan1
p
2
2x2 1 4x4
q
q
p
p
2
4
2
4x
1 4x4
2x
2x
1
1
(d) PM 180 tan
(c) PM 90 tan
2
2
IES (EC) 2003
145. The phase angle of the system
G s
s2
s5
4s 9
varies between:
(a) 08 and 908
(c) 08 and1808
(b) 08 and908
(d)90 and1808
146. Which of the following statements is correct in respect of the theory of stability?
(a) Phase margin is the phase angle lagging, in short of 1808, at the frequency corresponding to a
gain of 10.
(b) Gain margin is the value by which the gain falls short of unity, at a frequency corresponding to
90 phase lag.
(c) RouthHurwitz criterion can determine the degree of stability.
(d) Gain margin and phase margin are the measure of the degree of stability.
IES (EC) 2004
108
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
p
(b) 2
(d) p12
1
1 s2
(b) 0 rad
(d) p rad
IES (EC) 2004
149. All the constant-N circles in the G-plane cross the real axis at the xed points. Which are these
points?
(a) 1 and origin
(c) 0.5 and 0.5
150. What is the value of M for the constant-M circle represented by the equation 8x2 18x 8y2
9 0; where x Rej Gjo j and y Iml j Gjo j?
(a) 0.5
(c) 3
(b) 2
(d) 8
151. If the gain of the loop system is doubled, the gain margin of the system is:
(a) Not affected
(c) Halved
(b) Doubled
(d) One fourth of original value
152. Which of the following methods can determine the closed-loop system resonance frequency of
operation?
(a) Root locus method
(c) Bode plot
153. For a stable closed-loop system, the gain at the phase cross-over frequency should always be:
(a) <20 dB
(c) <6 dB
(b) >6 dB
(d) <0 dB
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
109
154. Match List I (frequency response) with List II (time response), and select the correct answer using the
code given below the lists:
List I
A. Bandwidth
B. Phase margin
C. Response peak
D. Gain margin
Codes:
(a)
(c)
List II
1. Overshoot
2. Stability
3. Speed of time response
4. Damping ratio
3
3
2
4
1
1
4
2
(b)
(d)
1
1
4
2
3
3
2
4
IES (EC) 2005
1
s 13
(b) 4
(d) 16
156. The Nyquist plot of a phase transfer function GjoHjo of a system encloses the (1, 0) point.
The gain margin of the system is:
(a) Less than zero
(c) Greater than zero
(b) Zero
(d) Innity
157. The gain margin (in dB) of a system having the loop transfer function
p
2
G s H s
ss 1
is:
(a) 0
(c) 6
(b) 3
(d) 1
158. The phase margin (in degrees) of a system having the loop transfer function
p
2 3
G s H s
ss 1
is:
(a) 458
(c) 608
(b) 308
(d) 308
110
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
s
1s
is subjected to a sinusoidal input r t sin ot in steady-state, the phase angle of the output relative
to the input at o 0 and o 1 will be respectively:
(a) 0 and 90
(c) 90 and 0
(b) 0 and 0
(d) 90 and 90
IES (EE) 2000
Im
Im
Re
Re
(a)
(b)
Im
Im
Re
(c)
(d)
Re
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
111
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(d) 1, 2 and 4
1
ss2 s 1
(b) 0 dB
(d) 6 dB
163. The gain margin and the phase margin of a feedback system with
Gs Hs
s
s 1003
are:
(b) 1;1
(d) 88:5dB; 1
(a) 0 dB, 08
(c) 1; 0
164. If the Nyquist plot of an open-loop transfer function of a feedback control system is shown in the
left half of the s-plane (Figure P7.48), then the number of closed-loop poles in the right half of the
s-plane will be:
(a) Zero
(c) 2
(b) 1
(d) 3
Im
GH plane
=
Re
1
0
112
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Im
Im
=0
=0
Re
Re
(a)
(b)
Im
Im
=0
=
Re
=0
Re
(c)
(d)
166. The gain and phase crossover frequencies in rad/sec are respectively:
(a) 0.632 and 1.26
(c) 0.485 and 0.632
1s
1 4s
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
113
1
s 2s 1s 3
(b) Once
(d) Thrice
114
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
170. The polar plot of a type 1, 3 pole, open-loop system is shown in Figure P7.49. The closed-loop
system is:
171. The Nyquist plot of a loop transfer function G(s)H(s) of a closed-loop control system passes through
the point (1, j0) in the G(s)H(s) plane. The phase margin of the system is:
(a) 08
(c) 908
(b) 458
(d) 1808
172. The open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is given as
as 1
s2
The value of a to give a phase margin of 45 is equal to:
Gs
(a) 0.141
(c) 0.841
(b) 0.441
(d) 1.141
173. The gain margin of a unity-feedback control system with the open-loop transfer function
Gs
is:
(a) 0p
(c) 2
s1
s2
p
(b) 1= 2
(d) 1
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
115
174. 207. In the GH (s) plane, the Nyquist plot of the loop-transfer function
Gs Hs
pe0:25
s
175. If the compensated system shown in Figure P7.50 has a phase margin of 60 at the crossover
frequency of 1 rad/sec, then the value of the gain K is:
(a) 0.366
(c) 1.366
(b) 0.732
(d) 2.738
176. The Nyquist plot for a control system is shown in Figure P7.51
116
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
20 dB/dec
|G|
40 dB/dec
20 dB/dec
|G|
40 dB/dec
(a)
(b)
|G|
20 dB/dec
40 dB/dec
|G|
40 dB/dec
60 dB/dec
(c)
60 dB/dec
(d)
177. The Nyquist plot of the open-loop transfer function G(s)H(s) is shown in Figure P7.52. It indicates
that:
(a) The open-loop system is unstable, but the closed-loop system is stable.
(b) Both open-loop and closed-loop systems are unstable.
(c) Open-loop system is stable, but closed-loop system is unstable.
(d) Both open-loop and closed-loop systems are stable.
J Im
GH plane
=
Re
(1, j0)
= +
= 0+
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
117
178. Which of the following statements regarding the stability of a feedback control system is correct?
(a) Gain margin (GM) gives the complete information about the relative stability of the gain system.
(b) Phase margin (PM) gives the complete information about the stability of the system.
(c) GM and PM together give information about the relative stability of the system.
(d) Gain cross-over and phase cross-over frequencies give the required information about the relative
stability of the system.
IES (EC) 1998
179. Match List I (Plot/diagram/chart) with List II (Characteristic), and select the correct answer using
the codes given below the lists:
List I
A. Constant-M loci
B. Constant-N loci
C. Nichol?s chart
D. Nyquist plot
List II
1. Constant gain and phase shift loci of the closed-loop system
2. Plot of loop gain with variation of o
3. Circles of constant gain for closed-loop transfer function
4. Circles of constant phase shift of closed-loop transfer function
Codes:
(a)
(c)
3
4
4
3
2
2
1
1
(b)
(d)
3
4
4
3
1
1
2
2
118
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Chapter 8
1.
A system is described by
0
X
2
The system is
(a) Controllable and observable
(c) Controllable and unobservable
1
0
X
u
3
i
(b) Uncontrollable and observable
(d) Uncontrollable and unobservable
IAS 1995
2. Which one of the following methods is NOT used for the analysis of nonlinear control systems?
(a) Phase plane method
(b) Decreasing function method
(c) Liapunovs method
(d) Piecewise linear
IES 2003
3. The state equations of a system are given by x_ X u; y X. The system is
(a) Controllable and observable
(b) Controllable but not completely observable
(c) Neither controllable nor completely observable
(d) Not completely controllable but observable
IES 2005
IES 1993
5. The system matrix of a continuous-time system, described in the state variable form, is
2
3
x 0 0
A 4 0 y 1 5
0 1 2
The system is stable for all values of x and y satisfying
(a) x < 1=2; y < 1=2
(c) x < 0; y < 2
6. The state equation of a system is
IES 1993
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
119
(b) 1; 20
(d) 9; 20
IES 1995
1z1 1 z4
41 z1 2
(b) Zero
(d) Infinity
GATE 1999
8. The transfer function, Ys=Us, of a system described by the state equations xt 2xt 2ut
and yt 0:5xt is
(a) 0:5=s 2
(b) 1=s 2
(c) 0:5=s 2
(d) 1=s 2
GATE 2002
9. The state variable equations of a system are:
1. x1 3x1x2 2
2. x2 2x1
The system is
(a) Controllable but not observable
(c) Neither controllable nor observable
10. Given
A
1 0
0 1
(b)
(d)
5
40
2
0
3
0
et
0
0
et
0
et
et
0
3
2
05
1
GATE 2004
120
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
The inverse of A is
2
3
1
0 2
(a) 4 0 1=3 0 5
2 0
5
2
3
1=5 0 1=2
(c) 4 0 1=3 0 5
1=2 0
1
3
5
0
2
(b) 4 0 1=3 0 5
2
0
1
2
3
1=5
0 1=2
(d) 4 0
1=3 0 5
1=2 0
1
1
2
GATE 1998
the steady state value of Xss lim xt, given the initial value of X0 10; 10T , is
t!1
0
3
(b) Xss
(a) Xss
0
2
10
1
(c) Xss
(d) Xss
10
1
GATE 2002
13. The matrix of any state-space equation for the transfer function Cs=Rs of the system, shown in
Figure P8.22, is
(a)
1 0
0 1
(c) 1
(b)
0
0
1
1
(d) 3
GATE 1994
14. A system is described by the state equation XX AX BU. The output is given by Y CX,
where
4 1
1
; C 1; 0
A
; B
1
3 1
The transfer function Gs of the system is
s
(a) 2
s 5s 7
s
(c) 2
s 3s 2
1
5s 7
1
(d) 2
s 3s 2
(b)
s2
GATE 1995
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Xt
121
1
1
Xt
ut
3
0
0
0
with the initial condition X(0) 1 3T and the unit step input u(t) has the state transition matrix
2
3
2
3
1
1 t
1
1 e3t
1
e e3t
5
5
3
3
(b)4
(a)4
0
et
0
e3t
2
3
"
#
1 t
1 1 et
e e3t
1
5
3
(d)
(c)4
0
et
3t
GATE 2005
0
e
16. A state variable system
Xt
0
0
1
1
ut
Xt
0
3
with the initial condition X(0) 1 3T and the unit step input u(t) has the state transition
equation
t et
t et
(b) Xt
(a) Xt
et
3e3t
t e3t
t e3t
(c) Xt
(d) Xt
3e3t
et
GATE 2005
17. The value of matrix A in X AX for the system described by the differential equation y
2y 3y 0 is
1
0
1
0
(a)
(b)
2 1
1 2
0
1
0
1
(d)
(c)
3 2
2 1
IES 1998
18. The minimum number of states necessary to describe the network shown in Figure P8.23 in a state
variable form is
122
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(a) 2
(c) 4
(b) 3
(d) 6
IES 1998
0
1
(a) 4 0
0
6 5
2
0
0
(c) 4 0
1
6 5
3
0
1 5
2
3
1
0 5
2
0
(b) 4 0
2
2
0
(d) 4 0
2
3
0
1 5
6
3
1
0 5
6
1
0
5
0
1
5
IES 1999
(b)
(d)
e2t
0
0
e2t
cos 2t
sin 2t
sin 2t
cos 2t
IES 1999
The system is
(a) Neither controllable nor observable
(c) Uncontrollable but observable
IES 2001
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
123
Ys
1
Us 2s2 3s 1
(b)
Ys
2
Us 2s2 3s 1
(c)
Ys
1
Us s2 3s 2
(d)
Ys
2
Us s2 3s 2
IES 2001
23. A transfer function of a control system does not have pole-zero cancellation. Which one of the
following statements is true?
(a) System is neither controllable nor observable
(b) System is completely controllable and observable
(c) System is observable but uncontrollable
(d) System is controllable but unobservable
IES 2002
1v
1v
A discrete data system is unstable if any of the roots of the characteristics equation lies within the unit
circle on the complex plane.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(c) 3 only
(b) 1 and 3
(d) 2 and 3
(a) Origin
(c) 1 j0
(b) 1 j0
(d) 0 j1
IES 2003
25. For a unity-feedback system, the origin of the s-plane is mapped in the z-plane by the transformation
z eST to which one of the following?
IES 2004
26. A linear time-invariant discrete-time system is described by the vector-matrix difference equation
xk 1 Fxk Guk
where xk is the state vector, F is an n n constant matrix, G is an n r constant matrix and
u(k) is the control vector. The state transition matrix of the system is given by the Z-transform of
(a) ZI F
(c) ZI F1 G
(b) ZI FZ
(d) ZI F1 Z
GATE 1991
124
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
is
(a)
Z1
Z
(b)
Z
Z1
(c)
Z
Z 12
(d)
Z 12
Z
GATE 1998
(a)
GRz
1 GHz
(b)
GzRz
1 GHz
(c)
GRz
1 GzHz
(d)
GzRz
1 GzHz
IES 1998
29. Consider the following statements regarding hold circuits for the reconstruction of sampled signals:
1. Hold circuits are essentially low-pass lters.
2. A rst-order hold circuit introduces less phase-lag in comparison to zero hold circuit
3. A zero-order hold has a at gain-frequency response over the frequency range 0 v 2=T,
where T is the sampling period.
Which of the following is correct?
(a) 3 alone
(c) 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 2
(d) 1 alone
30. The overall pulse transfer function of the system shown in Figure P8.25 is
IES 1999
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(a)
1 exp1
Z exp1
(b)
Z1 exp1
Z 1Z exp1
(c)
1 exp1
Z exp1
(d)
Z1 exp1
Z 1Z exp1
125
IES 1999
31. The system matrix of a discrete system is given by
0
1
A
3 5
The characteristic equation is given by
(a) z2 5z 3 0
(b) z2 3z 5 0
(c) z2 3z 5 0
(d) z2 z 2 0
IES 2001