K.

12 RP 2015-2016
Utility

Utility Unit:
supporting unit in the plant
preparing, supplying, and distributing supporting
materials needed for the plant
Supporting materials to handle:
1.Steam
2.Water
3.Electricity
4.Fuel
5.Refrigerant
6.(Waste treatment)

Estimation of supporting materials

supplied by Utility Unit

Steam:
There are two kinds of steam used in
the chemical plants:
a)superheated steam for reactant
and for turbine power
b)saturated steam for heating
They are both supplied at 100% rate
with allowance of 10-20%
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Water
The use of water in the chemical plants
Process
Cooling
Boiler feed
Domestik
Process
Amount of water for reaction, solvent,
absorber, etc
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Cooling

Depend on the cooling system, once through or recirculation.

Once through system: supplied at 100% and 10-20% allowance.
Recirculation system: supplied only for cooling water lost at cooling
tower.
Cooling water lost at cooling tower can be estimated as:
Evaporation loss, We = 0.00085 Wc (T1 T2)
Drift loss, Wd = 0.1-0.2% Wc
Blow down, Wb =
- Wc = circulated water, with unit of or for W, consistent unit.
- T1 and T2 = cooling water temperature at inlet and outlet cooling
tower in F.
- cycles = , usually cycles used is 3-5.
Estimation by Kurita, cooling water lost in cooling tower amounts to
1% for every 5.8C temperature drop.
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Boiler feed
Depend on the use of the steam:
a)Steam for reactant (superheated
steam) supplied at 100% rate with
allowance of 10-20%.
b)Steam
for
heating
(saturated
steam)
and/or
for
turbine
(superheated steam) supplied
only for BFW make up due to water
losses in the steam traps and blow
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Domestic
Domestik water usage
Offices
Laboratory
Public facilities
Housing
Cleaning
Offices
Amount of offices available
Water needed for one office, maybe 0.6 0.8 1.0 m3 for 3 days
Laboratory
Maybe 1 pile (15 ltr) a day, or 1 jerrican (25 ltr) a day

Public facilities
Cantine
Musholla
Cantine:
Depend on the amount of customer. The labours use
the facility may be of 75% of total labour.
Each person may need water at 5 ltr a day.
Musholla:
Depends on the amount of labour using the facility.
This might be estimated at 75% of total labour, with
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the need of 10 ltr per person a day.

Housing

Amount of houses available in the plant (for security men)

Amount of water needed for each house
Standard water needed:
200 (WHO),
150 (UNHCR),
20 (PDAM),
etc.
Cleaning
This can be estimated at 10-15% of total domestik water
needed.

Electricity
Motor:
pump,
conveyor,
elevator,
compressor,
blower,
fan,
mixing
apparatus, crusher, grinder, mills, sievers,
etc
Illumination:
degree
of
illumination,
illumination area, type of lamp used
(home
work:
electricity
needed
to
illuminate control room, housings, dan
plant area)
Instrumentation
and
control
system:
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Fuel
Energy conversion efficiency,
For boiler, = 80%
For generator,
= 25%, gas fuel
= 35%, liquid fuel
= 35%, solid fuel (coal)
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Refrigerant (home work)

of refrigerant recycled: , , , etc., converted into
Rate

i.e. Rf

Determination of the amount of refrigerant in a

refrigerator:
Assume 1 cycle, i.e. = 15 mins
Amount of refrigerant in a refrigerator = rate for 1
cycle = (15) = kg
Refrigerant is recycled some leakings
Leaking by time: 100% at service life (i.e. 20 yrs)
Supply = = =
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