Circuit Lab Project Report

Submitted by:
Muzamil Ali
(2009-CE-35)
(Section A)
&
Sheraz Ishaq
(2009-CE-65)
(Section A)

Submitted to:
Miss Beenish Ayesha

CSE Department
UET Lahore
Circuit Lab Project Report
Objective:
To design a circuit that takes
(a) Sine wave as an input and convert it
into square wave.
(b) Square wave as an input and convert
it into triangular wave.
Components:
 Capacitor = C
 I.C 741 × 2 (two op _amps)
 Resistances
 A.C signal generator
 D.C source = VCC = 12V
 Cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO)
Circuit Theory:
Structure of 741 IC:

Differentiator:
The differentiator will convert the sine
wave into square wave. The circuit is operated on the wave having
low frequency, because high frequency will cause noise in the
output. The basic reason for this is that high-frequency noise
signals will not be suppressed by this circuit; rather they will be
amplified far beyond the amplification of the desired signal.

Integrator:
The integrator will convert square
wave into triangular wave. The circuit is operated on the wave
having low frequency, because high frequency will cause noise in
the output. As its name implies, the Integrator Amplifier is
an operational amplifier circuit that performs the
mathematical operation of Integration , that is we can cause
the output to respond to changes in the input voltage over
time and the integrator amplifier produces a voltage output
which is proportional to that of its input voltage with respect
to time. In other words the magnitude of the output signal is
determined by the length of time a voltage is present at its
input as the current through the feedback loop charges or
discharges the capacitor.
 Sources and
References

 www.ee.washington.edu/circuit _archive/
 www.mitedu.freeserve.co.pk
 www.freepatentsonline.com/6121070.html
 Electronic devices and circuits
(by Bogart)
 Electronic Circuits Fundamentals
(by Sergio Franco)