Sets

1. Definition: A set is an unordered collection of objects.

Ex. the set V of all vowels, v = {a ,e ,i, o, u}

N ={0,1,2,3,4,…………..} , the sets of natural numbers.

Z = {…..-2,-1,0,1,2………..}, the sets of integers .

Z + = {1,2,3,……… }, the sets of positive integers.

Q = {p/q : p ϵ Z , q ϵ Z , q≠ 0}, the sets of rational numbers.

R = the set of real number .

2. definition: Two sets are equal if and only if they have the same elements.

Ex. if A={3,5,1} and B={1,5,3}

Then, A=B.

3. definition: There is a special set that has no elements . this set is called the empty set , or null set ,
and is denoted by Φ. The empty set can also be denoted by { } .

4. definition: the set A is said to be a subset of B if and only if every element of A is also an element of
B . we use the notation A B to indicate that A is a subset of B .