GUIA N°1

CRITERIO DE LAS SUMAS PARCIALES

Ejemplo para desarrollar en clase:

Determinar la convergencia de la serie:

∞
1
∑ 2n
a. n=1

1
S1=
2

1 1 3
S2= + =
2 4 4

1 1 1 7
S3= + + =
2 4 8 8

1 1 1 + 1 15
S4= + + =
2 4 8 16 16

1 1 1 +1 1 31
S5= + + + = CONVERGE
2 4 8 16 32 32

∞
1
∑ 1+ 2n
b. n=0

S1=2

3 7
S2=2+ = 3.5
2 2

3 5 19
S3==2+ + = 4.75
2 4 4

3 5 9 47
S4=2+ + + = 5.87
2 4 8 8

3 5 9 17 111
S5=2+ + + + = 6.93 DIVERGE
2 4 8 16 16
Ejercicios:

Determine por sumas parciales si las series convergen o divergen:

∞
1
∑ n+1
a. n=1

1
S1= 0.5
2

1 1 5
S2= + = 0.83
2 3 6

1 1 1 13
S3= + + = 1.083
2 3 4 12

1 1 1 1 77
S4= + + + = 1.283
2 3 4 5 60

1 1 1 1 1 29
S4= + + + + = 1.45 DIVERGE
2 3 4 5 6 20

b.
∞
1
∑ n2
n=1

S1= 1

1 5
S2= 1 + = 1.25
4 4

1 1 49
S3= 1 + + = 1.36
4 9 36

1 1 1 1 205
S4=1+ + + + = 1.42
2 4 9 16 144

1 1 1 1 1
S5=1+ + + + + = 1.46 CONVERGE porque se aproxima a 2.
2 4 9 16 25
 c.

1
S1= = 0.1
10

1 1 11
S2= + = 0.11
10 100 100

1 1 1 111
S3= + + = 0.111
10 100 1000 1000

1 1 1 1 1111
S4= + + + = 0.1111
10 100 1000 10000 10000

CONVERGE a 0.12

CRITERIO DE LAS SERIES GEOMETRICAS

a.
∞
3 n−1
∑ 4) (
n =1

S1= 1

3
S2= 0.75
4

9
S3= 0.5625
16

27
S4= 0.4218
64

81
S5= 0.316
256
 1
S= 3 = 4 CONVERGE
1−
4

∞
1 ❑
b. ∑ ( n )
n =1 2

1
S1= 0.5
2

1
S2= 0.25
4

1
S3= 0.125
8

1
S4= 0.0625
16

1
S5= 0.0125
32

1
2
S= = 1 CONVERGE
1
1−
2

Ejercicios
∞ n
a. ∑ πen+1
n=0

1
S1=
π
 e1
S2=
π2

e2
S3= 3
π

e3
S4=
π4

e4
S5=
π5

3
Q=
4

e
R=
π

11
ππ 1
S= = = = 2.36
e π−e π −e
1−
π π

∞
2n +3n
b. ∑ 5n
n =1

CRITERIO DE LAS SERIES TELESCOPICAS

∞
a. ∑ ( n+1)(1 n+2)
n =1

1 A B
= +
( n+1 ) ( n+2 ) (n+1) (n+ 2)

1 A ( n+2 ) +B (n+1)
=
( n+1 ) ( n+2 ) ( n+1 ) ( n+2 )

1= An+2A+Bn+B
1= n(A+B)+ (2A+B)
A+B =0

2A+B =1
(-1)2A+B =1

A+B =0
-2ª-B= -1
-A=-1

A=1
B=1
∞
1 1
∑ ( n+1) +
(n+2)
n =1

lim 1
n=1 −1
2 (n+2)

1
S= 0.5 CONVERGE
2

1 1
S1= −
2 3

1 1
S2= −
2 4

1 1
S3= −
2 5

∞
1
b. ∑ n(n+1)(n+2)
n =1

1 A B C
= + +
n ( n+1 ) ( n+2 ) ¿ ¿ (n+1) (n+ 2)

1 A ( n+1 )+ Bn C
= +
n ( n+1 ) ( n+2 ) n(n+1) (n+ 2)

1 ( A ( n+1 ) +Bn ) ( n+2 ) C+(n (n+1))

=
n ( n+1 ) ( n+2 ) n (n+1)
 1= (An+ABn) (n+2) +Cn (n+1)

1=An2 + An +Bn2 +2An+2Bn+Cn2+Cn

1= n2(A+B+C) +n(3A+2B+C)+2A

1
A+B+C=0 -2B-2C=1 +B=-A-C
2
3 1 1
3A+2B+C=0 2B+C= - - -
2 2 2
1
2A=1 -C=-
2
1 1
A= C= B=-1
2 2

1 1
∞
2 1 2
∑ − +
n n+1 n+ 2
n =1

∞
2 ( n+ 2 )−2 n 4 n+ 4
∑ 21n − n+1
1
+
1
2(n+ 2)
=
4 n(n+2)
=
4 n 2+ 8 n
n =1

1 1 1 1
S1= - + =
2 2 6 6

1 1 1 1 1 1 5
S2= - + + - + =
2 2 6 4 3 8 24

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
S2= + - + + - + =
6 4 3 8 6 4 10 40

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
S3= - + + + + - + =
6 3 8 16 10 8 5 12 30

CRITERIO DE COMPARACION
 ∞
1 ∞
∑ n+3 ∑ 1n
1. an= n=1 bn = n =1 diverge

an ≤ bn

1 1
≤
n+3 n

GUIA 2
CRITERIO DE LA INTEGRAL

∞
1. ∑ 1n
n =1

∫ 1x dx
1

∫ dxx
1

lim [lnb−ln 1]
b=∞

lim [lnb=∞]
b=∞

b ∞

∫ dxx Diverge = ∑ 1n diverge.

1 n =1

∞
n
2. ∑ n+1
n =1

∫ x+x 1 dx dv= x , u=x+1

1

x2
(X+1) - ∫ x +1 dx
x

x3 x2 x2
+ - –x
2 2 2

x3
−x bl1
2

n3 ¿
lim ( −n)¿
n=∞ 2
3
= ∫ x2 −x dx diverge
 ∞
3. ∑ n12
n =1

b b
1
∫ n2 = ∫ 12 dx = ∫ x −2 dx
x 1 1

1
lim ( +1)
b=∞ b

1
-2 (lim −lim 1)
b=∞ 6 b=∞

-2(-1)
∞

∑ n12 Converge a 2
n =1

Ejercicios
∞
1. ∑ n21+1
n =1

∫ x 2x+1 dx du= x2 +1
1

2 x3 1 x3
X3 +x - = +x
3 3

1
lim ( x 3 + x)
b=∞ 3

x3 n3
lim ( + x) = lim ( + n) diverge porque tiende a infinito
b=∞ x b=∞ n
 ∞
2. ∑ n2n+1
n =1

du du
u= x2+1 dx, du= 2xdx, = 2x, =¿dx
dx dx
b

∫ x 2x+1 dx
1

b
1
∫ ux 2dux = 2 ln u
1

1
lim (ln ⁡(b2 +1) ln ⁡(2))
2 b=∞
∞
1 x n
2dx
2∫ x2
+ Diverge = ∑ 2 diverge
n =1 n +1

∞
n2
3. ∑ n3 +1
n =1

∞ 2 2
du 1 du
∫ x 3x+ 1 dx = ∫ xu 3x 2 =
3 ∫ u
1

1 1
ln (u) = ln ( x 3+ 1)
3 3

1
lim ( ln ( b 3+ 1 )−ln2)
3 b=∞
2
∫ x 3+x1dx Diverge

∞
4. ∑ e−n
n =1

∫ e−n dx
e−n=lim (−e−b−e−1 ) =0 converge
b=∞
 CRITERIO DEL COCIENTE

∞ 2
1. ∑ 2nn!
n =1

2n 2 2 n2
an= an+1=
n! (n+1)!

2 n2
( n+ 1 ) n ! lim 1
lim ( ) = n=∞
n=∞ 2 n2 n+1
n!
∞ 2
∑ 2nn! Converge 0<1
n =1

∞
22 n!
2. ∑ n
n =1 n

22 n !
an= an+1= 2n 2 ( n+ 1 )( n ) ! = (n+1)n(n+1)
nn
∞
2 n2
∑ n ! Converge 0<1
n =1

3.
∞
3n n2
∑ nn
n =1

3n n2 3n+1 n2 n 3n 3 n 2 3n n
an= an+1= = n = n
nn nn +1 n n n

3n n
nn 3n
lim ( n 2 ) = lim ( n )
n=∞ 5 n n=∞ n
n
n
 ∞
3n n2
∑ nn Converge 0<1
n =1

4.
∞
2

∑ e−n
n =1

2 2
an= e−n an= e−(n+1)
2 2

e−n e−n 1
lim ( −(n+ 1) ) = lim ( −n 2 ) = lim ( 2 )
2 2
❑
n=∞ e
❑
n=∞ e n=∞ e e
∞
2

∑ e−n Converge 0<1

n =1

5.
∞ 2
∑ nn !
n =1

n2 (n+ 1)2 (n+1)

an= an+1= =
n! (n+1) n ! n!

lim ¿ ¿) = lim n+1

2
n=1 n=1 n

∞ 2
∑ nn ! Converge 0<1
n =1

∞
(−1)n n !
6. ∑
n =1 nn
 n
(−1)n n! (−1 )n (n+1)n ! (−1 ) (n+1)n ! (−1 )n n !
an= an+1= = =
nn n+1
(n +1)
n+1n (n+1) n+1n

(−1)n n !
nn n+1 n
lim ( n
) =lim n
n=1 (−1 ) n! n=∞ n
n
(−1 ) n!
∞
(−1)n n !
∑ nn Diverge >1
n =1

7.
∞
nn
∑ n!
n =1

nn (n+1)n +1 ( n+1 )n (n+1) (n+1)n

an= an+1= = =
n! (n+1) n ! (n+1)n ! n!

(n+1)n
n!
lim ( )
n=∞ nn
n!
∞
nn
∑ n ! Diverge >1
n =1

CRITERIO DE P-SERIES

1.
∞

∑ n1e p= 6 converge 6>1

n =1

2.
∞
1
∑ n sen(45 °) p= sen 45°=0.8 diverge 0.8<1
n =1
CRITERIO DE LA RAIZ

1.
∞
1
∑ 2
n =1 ( ln ( n+1 ) )

lim √ 1
lim 1(ln ⁡( n+1))2 = lim √ 1 √ n(n+ 1)−n = n =∞
n=∞ n=∞
ln ⁡(n+1)
∞
1
∑ 2 Converge 0<1
n =1 ( ln ( n+1 ) )

2.
∞ n
∑ 2nn
n =1

2n lim 1
lim
n=∞ √
n

n n
= n=∞
n
∞
2n
∑ nn Converge 0<1
n =1

3.
∞
n2
∑ nn
n =1

n
n lim √ n2
lim n2 n−n = lim √n 2 √n n−n = n=∞
n=∞ n=∞
−n

∞ 2
∑ nnn Converge 0<1
n =1
4.
∞

∑ e−n
n =1

n lim 1
lim √ e−n = n=∞
n=∞ 1
e
∞

∑ e−n Converge 0<1

n =1

CONVERGENCIA ABSOLUTA

1.
∞

∑ (−1)n 1n
n =1

1 1
an= an+1=
n n+1

1 1
=¿
n n+1

N+1 > n tiene convergencia absoluta

lim 1
n=∞ Su límite es 0.
n
Por el criterio de la integral no hay convergencia absoluta.

2.
∞
(−1)n n !
∑ nn
n =1
 n! ( n+1 ) n ! n!
an= an+1= n+1 =
nn (n+1) (n+1)

n! n!
< n
(n+1) n

No se cumple la primera condición entonces no hay convergencia

absoluta.

3.
∞
(−1)n +1
∑ nn
n =1

1 1
an= an+1=
nn (n+1)n+1

1 1
n+1 <
(n+1) nn

No se cumple la primera condición entonces no hay convergencia

absoluta.

Series de potencias
∞
n+1 x 2 n−1
1. ∑ (−1 )
n =1 ( 2 n−1 ) !

x 2 n−1
a n=
( 2n−1 ) !

x 2(n+1)−1
a n+1=
( 2(n+1)−1 ) !

x2 n +2−1 x 2 n+1
a n+1= =
( 2 n+2−1 ) ! ( 2 n+ 1 ) !

x 2n x
a n+1=
( 2 n+1 ) (2 n−1)!
 x2 n x
( 2 n+1 ) ( 2n−1 ) ! x x2
lim = =
n→∞ x 2 n x−1 ( 2 n+1 ) x −1 2 n+1
( 2 n−1 ) !

x2 1
lim | |
n → ∞ 2n+ 1
2
=¿ x lim
n → ∞ 2n+ 1
¿ | |
x 2 .0=0
CONVERGE

∞
( x−3 )n
2. ∑ 4 n .3 n
n =1

( x −3 )n
a n=
4 n . 3n

( x−3 )n+1 ( x−3 )n+1

a n+1= =
4 ( n+1 ) . 3n +1 ( 4 n+ 4 ) .3 n+1

( x−3 )n . ( x−3 )
a n+1=
4 ( n+1 ) .3 n .3

( x−3 )n . ( x−3 )

lim
n→∞
| |
4 ( n+ 1 ) . 3n .3
( x−3 )
4 n .3 n
n

( x−3 )n . ( x−3 ) .4 n. 3n
lim
n→∞ | 4 ( n+1 ) .3 n .3 . ( x −3 )n |
( x−3 ) .4 n ( x−3 ) . n
lim
n→∞ | 4 ( n+1 ) .3 ||
=
3 ( n+ 1 ) |
lim n
x−3 n →∞ x −3
= .0=0 0<1 CONVERGE
3 n+1 3
∞
n+1 xn
3. ∑ (−1 ) ¿
n =1 n¿¿¿
xn
a n=
n ¿¿ ¿
 x n+1
a n+1=
(n+ 1) ¿ ¿ ¿

xn x
¿ lim ¿
n → ∞ (n+1)¿ ¿ ¿

¿ lim x n (n+1)¿ ¿ ¿
n→∞

¿−1< x<1
¿ c=0 y r =1

Si x= -1
DIVERGE POR EL CRITERIO DE LA INTEGRAL
∞
n+1 x2 n
4. ∑4 n+3
n =1

n+1 x2 n
a n=4
n+3

n+2 x 2n +1
a n+1=¿4 ¿
n+ 4

n x2 n x2
a n+1=16∗4
n+4

x2 n
lim 4 n+1
n+3
¿ n→ ∞ 2n 2
x x
16∗4 n
n+ 4

lim 4 x 2 (n+3)
= n →∞
n+ 4

4 x2 <1
1 1
¿− < x <
2 2
1
¿ c=0 y r =
2

∞
5. ∑ (−1)n+1 x n
n =1
a n=x n
lim x n = ∞
n→∞
DIVERGE