Just a Minute

Topic area Extemporaneous Speaking, Grammar, Clarity of Speech.

Students in a communications class, and those who need

Target audience
some help with spoken grammar.
Activity type Class participation "game".
Easily undertaken in one class period. Time will depend on
Time required how long it takes to describe the game, set up the rules, and
then to play several "rounds".
Attachments None
Dictionary, book of grammar may be helpful. A stop watch is
Additional materials essential, though if you have a browser operational then you
can use our timer and scorer.

Background needed to
None
complete the assignment

This is a "take-off" on a British Broadcasting Corporation

References
game show entitled "Just a Minute".
Last modified 99/05/20

A game that uses extemporaneous speaking and careful listening to emphasize good
speaking and diction, in a challenging environment where the listeners attempt to identify
a number of errors.

Goals for the activity:

To develop quick thinking, together with good speaking, good grammar, appropriate use
of words, using the right words.

Knowledge / skills / attitudes to be developed (behavioral objectives):

As above.

Procedure:

• The Rules:
1. The chosen (volunteer) speaker is given one minute to talk on a topic
chosen by the instructor/moderator.
2. Members of the audience can challenge the speaker in order to identify
errors in:
  grammar - the challenger must properly identify the error and
give the correct phraseology;
 spelling - identifying a mispronunciation, the challenger must give
the correct pronunciation;
 wrong word - the incorrect use of a word (perhaps a
Malapropism), the challenger must give the correct word;
 repeated word - more than two uses of the same word in a single
sentence, or more than four uses of the same word in 15 seconds,
the challenger must give the word [NOTE: common words such as
connectives and simple verbs should not count against the speaker,
but articles (especially "I", "we", etc.) should be included];
 junk words - ums, ahs, etc.
 hesitation - a pause of more than two seconds.
3. A successful challenge allows the challenger to take over the talk from the
speaker for the remaining time.
4. Speakers are scored by the number of seconds that they can speak without
being challenged successfully. Thus the maximum number of points is 60.
The moderator needs to keep careful check of the time. [NOTE: One
solution to this is to have two persons with stop watches, one to record the
score for each person by restarting the watch each time a new speaker
commences, and one to continue to record the total speaking time.
Otherwise use the on-line scorer, but you still need to have a person to
write down the scores.] The person with the most number of points at the
end of the allotted period wins!
• Carefully choose a number of topics for presentation before the class starts. These
might include:

o What I did last summer

o Why I am taking this class
o My career plans are ...
o If I were King, I would ...
o Last night I dreamed ...
o Why I choose [discipline] as a career choice
o etc.
 Leaving (say) 10 minutes at the end of the class summarize the activity, give a
prize the the winner, and ask for a listing of the lesson learned.

Assessing outcomes:
Do the participants get into the spirit of the game?

The major drawback of this exercise is that students who are less than willing to talk will
not challenge the speaker. Thus an alternative strategy could be to award a challenger
(say) 10 points for a correct challenge, and then allow them to continue the talk or to
nominate someone else to continue.
Additional remarks:
The on-line scorer is set up so that if you decide to use 2 minutes that option is available.

Author contact information:

J.A.N. Lee
Department of Computer Science
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg VA 24061-0106
Ph: (540) 231-5780
E-mail: janlee@cs.vt.edu
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Manual on Human Rights Education with Young People –

Council of Europe

Just a minute
Talk for ‘just a minute’ - no hesitations - no repetition!
Themes Sport, Globalisation, General human rights
Complexity Level 2
Group size Any
Time 40 minutes
Overview In this activity, people have to be quick and inventive to talk for one
minute on the relationship between sports and human rights.
Related rights All
Objectives § To share knowledge about sport and human rights issues.
§ To understand how all human rights issues are interconnected and
indivisible
§ To develop self-confidence to express personal opinions
Materials § Statements, one per participant
§ A hat
§ A watch with a second hand, or a timer
Preparation § Make a copy of the sheet below, and cut out the statements.
§ Fold the strips of paper over and put them into a hat.
Instructions
1. Ask people to sit in a circle.
2. Pass round the hat. Ask each person in turn, without looking, to dip into the hat
and
take out one slip of paper.
3. Participants then have 5 minutes to prepare to talk non-stop for one minute on the
statement written on their slip of paper. The rules are no hesitations and no
repetitions.
4. Go round the circle and ask each person in turn to give their “speech”.
5. After each “speech”, allow two or three minutes for short comments. If people
have a lot to discuss, make a note of the topic and agree to return to it at the end.
6. When everyone has had their turn, go back and finish any discussions that had to
be
cut short.
7. Then go on to the debriefing and evaluation.
Debriefing and evaluation
Start by reviewing how the activity went and then go on to talk about the issues that
were raised.
§ Was it difficult to talk non-stop on the topics for one minute?
§ Which were the toughest topics to talk about and why?
§ Which of the statements was the most controversial and why?
§ What was the most surprising piece of information people heard?
TTHEEMEESS
GGRROOUPP SSIIZZEE
CCOOMPPLLEEXIITTYY
LEVEL 2
ANY
GLOBALISATION
GEN. HUMAN RIGHTS
SPORT
TTIIMEE
40 MINUTES

Manual on Human Rights Education with Young People – Council of Europe

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151
Tips for facilitators
This activity works at many different levels and the questions may be interpreted in
different
ways. It is important to work at the level of the young people. You may wish to say
something
to provoke deeper thinking, but be aware of the danger of giving the impression that
you are
expecting a “a certain answer”.
If you think that the statements below are not of interest to your group, then
compose
others.
Encourage reluctant speakers to have a go. Suggest they try to talk for half a minute
or even
for just twenty seconds or tell them they may first confer briefly with a friend before
they talk,
or offer to let them have their go later.
Variations
In a small group you can do two or more rounds. People take one slip of paper in
each round.
If you are working with more than fifteen people, work in two sub-groups.
This technique of taking statements out of a hat can be adapted to use with any
theme.
Suggestions for follow-up
If people want to continue with the theme of sport and are feeling energetic, try the
activity
“Sport for all”, on page 214.
If one of the other themes provoked particular interest, check the index of activities
at
page 68 for to find an activity on that theme.
Ideas for action
Decide on one issue to tackle and agree the next stage in taking action. Develop a
project to
continue working on the chosen issue. Link up with a local organisation which is
working in the
field. Use the project as a learning opportunity and help people reflect on what they
have
gained in group work skills and action competencies.
Further information
“How you play the game: the contribution of sport to the promotion of human rights”,
Conference in Sydney 1 to 3 September 1999:
www.hrca.org.au/#sport_and_human_rights.
Just a minute
Key date
7 April
World Health Day
152
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Manual on Human Rights Education with Young People – Council of Europe

HANDOUTS
Sheet of statements
Sport and general human rights
Do you think that Ronaldo makes a good special representative
for the “Force for Change: World AIDS Campaign with
Young People”?
Sport and general human rights
Athletes at international level have to agree a code of conduct.
Those who then breach the code, for instance, by using a
sporting event to make a political statement are penalised.
Is this a denial of a person’s right to free expression?
Sport and general human rightsThe police have powers to stop football supporters whom
they suspect of being troublemakers from travelling to othercountries for matches. Is this a
legitimate denial of theirright to freedom of movement and association?Sport and children
What would you say to ambitious parents and trainers who force children to train for hours on
end? Who should havethe right to decide abouta young person’s health and howthey spend
their leisure time?
Sport and citizenship
Many people are born in one country, but then make theirhome and become citizens in a
secondcountry.Nonetheless, they continue to support the national team of their country of
birth, instead of that of the secondcountry. Which national team should they support?
Sport and discrimination
To what extent do the Paralympics break down prejudices
against disabled people?
Sport and discrimination
Is sex testing of athletes necessary to ensure fair competition
or is it too great an infringement of people’s human dignity
and right to privacy?
Sport and education
Do you think sports lessons should be compulsory throughout
formal schooling?
Sport and social rights
Do you think professional sportsmen and women should have
similar rights to those of other workers, for instance, the
right to form trades unions and the right not to be unfairly
dismissed?
Just a minute
Sport and environment
Golf courses are frequently criticised for being both people
and environment unfriendly because they are often
developed on land that was used by local people for farming
and forestry. They also require a lot of water, herbicides
and pesticides for their maintenance. Does this make golf
a human rights issue?
Sport and gender equality
Some people say that there are few women among the top
coaches and sports administrators because of discrimination
against women. Do you agree? If you do, what can be done
about it?
Sport and globalisation
Sports shoes and much other sports equipment are made
cheaply with exploited labour in Eastern Europe and in the
Far East. The workers want to continue working and do
not call for a boycott. What can we, as consumers, do to
avoid being party to their exploitation?
Sport and human security
China has a poor human rights record. Should they have been
chosen to host the Olympic games in 2008?
Sport and health
What can be done at a local level to combat the use of drugs in
sports?
Sports and the media
Do you think that any particular television company has the
right to buy exclusive coverage of any sporting event?
Sport and peace
To what extent do competitive sports promote co-operation
and understanding between people?
Sport and poverty
Do you think that politicians in your country use sport, or
sporting events, to distract and divert people from political
and economic issues?
Sport and poverty
In many countries, sport, but especially soccer, offers individuals
the possibility of a “passport out of poverty”. Should poor

countries, therefore, put more focus on soccer? 1. Should school students face a
mandatory drug test?

2. Should the African Union copy the European Union cooperation

model?

3. Should students be required to wear a school uniform?

4. Are the Olympic Games a waste of money? Or other debate speech

topics on huge sports events.

5. Should all African conflicts be handled by African countries

themselves, and not by third parties?

6. Is our nation still unprepared for disasters? Or other debate topic

themes about safety.

7. Should school prayer be prohibited?

8. Should skateboards be prohibited on sidewalks?

9. Should minorities be treated differentially?

10. Should the age to vote be reduced to 16?

11. Should 16 year old people be allowed to get a tattoo? Or other

speech ideas on for example ear and body part piercings?
 12. Should the Double Jeopardy Rule - nobody can be tried twice for
the same offence - be abolished?

13. Could a President serve for more than two terms?

14. Should the use of animals in sports and entertainment be banned?

15. Should there be a curfew for people under 18 years to reduce

crime?

16. Does Hollywood movies have a bad influence on the world?

17. Should homework assignments be limited to a maximum of three

nights a week?

18. Do school autorities have the right to search students’ lockers? Or

other education related debate topic issues.

19. Do adopted children have the right to know who their biological
parents are?

20. Should there be a green tax on aviation fuel?

21. Should factory farming of chickens be banned?

22. Are certain persuasive issues not appropriate for debate speech
topics?

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 ENTREPRENEURSHIP: CONCEPT AND DEFINITION
Shri Achintya Kr. Baruah, M.Com
Associate Faculty Member
Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship
(Ministry of Industry, Department of SSI & ARI)
Government of India
Basisthat Chariali, Lalmati, 37, N.H. Bypass, Guwahati - 781029

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

• A theory of evolution of economic activities.

• A continuous process of economic development.

• An ingredient to economic development.

• Essentially a creative activity or an innovative function.

• A risk taking factor which is responsible for an end result.

• Usually understood with reference to individual business.

 • The name given to the factor of production, which performs the
functions of enterprise.

• Creates awareness among people about economic activity.

• Generates Self-employment and additional employment

WHY ENTREPRENEURSHIP

• To improve backwardness of the people.

• Economic development of the region.

• To analysis resource utilization.

• Proper utilization of human potentiality.

• Special attention to take up new activities.

• To create self-employment and generation of employment opportunity.

• Eradication of regional imbalances.

• Better economic gain.

The early history of entrepreneurship in India reflect from the culture,

customs and tradition of the India people. The Baliyatra Festival of Cuttack,
Orissa reminiscence of past glory of International trade. To process of
entrepreneurship therefore passed through the potential roots of the society
and all those who accepted entrepreneurial role had the cultural heritage of
trade and business. Occupational pursuits opted by the individual under the
caste system received different meaning of value attached to
entrepreneurship. Which is based on social sanctions. Vaishyas are
considered to venture in to business pursuits. As society grew and the
process of business occupation depended and the value work tended towards
change and the various occupational role interchanged with non-role group
and sub-groups. People from different castes and status also entered into the
entrepreneurial role.
The emergence of entrepreneurship in this part of the country got localized
and spread effect, took its own time. The concept of growth theory seems to
be closely related in explaining the theory of entrepreneurship development
as well.
After the Second World War entrepreneurship received new meaning for
attaining economic development within the shortest possible time. But in the
process they were seriously handicapped by the rigid institutional setup,
political instability, marketing imperfection and traditional value system.
Britishers for their own ulterior motive destabilized the then self sufficient
Indian economy. England flourished and India had to pay for that. In the
process India suffered heavy industrial loss.
Development of business eateries is a complex phenomenon influenced by
both the internal and external factors. Internal factor originates in policies
and attitude of the entrepreneur themselves.
In controlling the business itself. External factors are beyond the control of
the business entrepreneur. They alone account for unpredictability of returns
and risks assumed by the entrepreneur. A steady growth can be observed on
the business of long cherished history of entrepreneurial development in the
country is certainly promised or the environment to be created by the state
and its agencies.
The entrepreneurial motivation is one of the most important factors which
accelerates the pace of economic development by bringing the people to
undertake risk bearing activities. In many of the developing countries a lot of
attention is being paid to the development of entrepreneurship because it is
not the proprietary quality of any caste and community.
The entrepreneurship is usually understood with reference to individual
business. Entrepreneurship has rightly been identified with the individual, as
success of enterprise depends upon imagination, vision, innovativeness and
risk taking. The production is possible due to the cooperation of the various
factors of production, popularly known as land, labour, capital, market,
management and of course entrepreneurship. The entrepreneurship is a risk-
taking factor, which is responsible for the end result in the form of profit or
loss.
According to A Schumpeter “The entrepreneurship is essentially a creative
activity or it is an innovative function”.
The economic activity with a profit motive can only be generated by
promoting an attitude towards entrepreneurship. The renewed interest in the
development of entrepreneurship to take up new venture should emphasize
on the integrated approach. The developments of entrepreneurship will
optimize the use of the unexploited resources, generate self-employment and
a self sufficient economy.
The young entrepreneur should be motivated to come out with determination
to do something of their own and also to contribute to the national income
and wealth in the economy. If the country wants to achieve the growth at the
grass root level, through social justice and the crimination of poverty, it will
have to provide institutional support and structural changes in organization of
financial institutions to promote entrepreneurship development. Industrial
development in any region is the outcome of purposeful human activity and
entrepreneurial thrust.
David Melelland emphasized the importance of achievement motivation as
the basis of entrepreneurial personality and a cause of economic and social
development through entrepreneurship by fulfilling the following needs such
as 1) Need for power 2) Need for affiliation and 3) Need for achievement.
Another school of thought says “entrepreneurship is a function of several
factors i.e. individual socio cultural environment and support system”.
Entrepreneurship is vibrant assertion of the facts that individual can be
developed, then outlook can be changed and their ideas can be converted
into action though on organized and systematic program for entrepreneurs. It
was also felt that systematic training can be given a better output and
attracting people for taking up business venture can change economic
scenario.
Basic objective in developing entrepreneurship and multiplying them in the
society has been to enable the society to generate productive human
resource, mobilize and sustain the same in subsequent process of
development. The spontaneity and continuity of the process would depend on
the kind of people that can be prompted and groomed in the entrepreneurial
career.
Socilogists, Psychologists and economists have all attempted to give a clear
picture of the entrepreneur. Sociologists analyze the characteristic of
entrepreneurs in terms of caste, family, social value and migration.
Psychologists on the other hand attempt to isolate entrepreneurs from
general population on various personality trials such as need for
achievement, creativity, propensity to take risk, independence leadership etc.
Economists, lighted situational characteristics such as occupational
backgrounds access to capital business and technological experience and
managerial skills with economic gains considered as characteristic of
entrepreneur.
As entrepreneur by implication is one who ventures out, who prefers change
as a means of growth and it the process is prepared to take a calculated risk
while taking risks he is aware of the possibilities, success as well as the
consequence of failure.

AN ENTREPRENEURIAL CAREER

Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the economic growth and

development of nation. It is a purposeful activity includes in initiation,
promotion and distribution of wealth and service. An entrepreneur is a critical
factor in economic development and an integral part of the socio-economic
transformation. It is a risk taking activity and challenging tasks, needs utmost
devotion, total commitment and greater sincerity with fullest involvement for
his personal growth and personality. The entrepreneurial career is not a one
day job nor it is bed of roses. Prosperity and success never come easily. It
takes time and needs hard work. Systematic planning and business acumen
to be successful entrepreneur.
Therefore, before choosing this path one should be very careful in knowing
about his own self. This introspection process helps him in knowing about
himself. Every person has his own potentiality and resource. How he looks in
to this aspect. If the person cans understand or identify his inner traits then it
help him choosing the right path for which he should look into his beliefs,
faith values etc. For an entrepreneur it is of great importance to know about
himself on the basis of above mentioned individual consideration. These
consideration give him ample scope to face his own self by asking the
question “Who I am?” If he can given meaning answer to this complex
question with exemplary courage and utter personal disregard to being
exposed, then it helps him in getting a fair idea about himself. On the whole
it helps him to making the right decision in choosing the right path for getting
involved for deciding the future course of action. This is nothing but a self-
identification process. After having being proper identified his strength,
weakness and ability, he can make a decision of his choice, whether he will
take up entrepreneurship as a career or not. If yes, then in which
entrepreneurial area.
Choosing entrepreneurial career is like choosing a life partner. The person
has to be there in the job forever and may have to continue in that chosen
line for generations to generation and grows in this process if it is matching;
if it mismatches it goes the other way round.
Considering this aspect he should always be governed by three basic
qualitative instincts to serve in the world of uncertainty. These are – (1) Will,
(2) Zeal, and (3) Skill.

WHO IS AN ENTREPRENUER

• He is a person who develops and owns his own enterprise

• He is a moderate risk taker and works under uncertainty for achieving

the goal.

• He is innovative

• He peruses the deviant pursuits

• Reflects strong urge to be independent.

• Persistently tries to do something better.

• Dissatisfied with routine activities.

• Prepared to withstand the hard life.

• Determined but patient

• Exhibits sense of leadership

• Also exhibits sense of competitiveness

• Takes personals responsibility

• Oriented towards the future.

• Tends to persist in the face to adversity

• Convert a situation into opportunity.

The characteristics of an unique entrepreneur are :

- Need for achievement

- High need for power

- Independence
 - Propensity to take risk

- Personal modernity

- Support

- Business enterprise

- Leadership

Entrepreneurship is not the proprietary quality of any caste or community.

Many may possess the qualities, but are baffled with too many questions
why, what and how to get about starting new venture.
Are you prepared to accept it ?
WHY ?

1. Are you prepared to put in hard work for achieving your goal ?

2. Are you possess a strong will power to face and overcome the
difficulties and setbacks and make the enterprise successful ?

3. It your family environment congenial to leaving the traditional family

occupation and undertaking a new venture ?

4. Are you prepared to wait if it take time to set the results of your
efforts ?
WHAT – Information Needed

- Prospects and scope of a particular industry or business

- Technical details

- Quantum of investment etc.

- Information about different field about the particular trade

- Purpose of being the business

- Responsibilities towards customers, employees, society etc.

- For marketing of your product be aware of strength and weakness of

your product.

- Factors offering market demand

- Cost and model of distribution etc.

- Manufacturing process

- Plant and machinery

- Availability of new materials

- Production costs’

- Manpower

- Fund requirement of working capital

- Assessment of profitability and repayment of term loan.

HOW - Implementation Plan

- Final selection of product

- Prepare project report

- Registration :

- Apply to Financial Institutions

- Provisional Registration
 - Obtain Licenses

- Apply for shed, Land and Power etc.

- Arrange your capital

- Plant Layout

- Construct shed

- Obtain utilities

- Order for NOC

- Order for raw materials supply etc.

- Recruitment and training of manpower

- Arrangements of sales network

- Trail run/sales promotion technique

- Introduction of product

- Commercials production return.

*****