Parallel operation of the DGs:

The parallel operation of generators are done to supply power from several small units rather than from
a single large unit,so that the number of working generators at any time can be varied according to the
magnitude of the load on the station.In the way efficiency also sets higher.

Whenever the generators are in parallel,their +ve and –ve terminals are respectively connected to the
+ve and –ve sides of the bus bar.These bus-bars are heavy thick copper bars and they acts as
+ve and –ve terminals for the whole power station.If polarity of the incoming generator is not the same
as the line polarity,as serious short-circuit will occurs when switch is closed.

Moreover,paralleling a generator with reverse polarity effectively short-circuits it and results in

damaged brushes,a damaged commutator and a blacked-out plant.Genertor that have been tripped off
the bus-because of a heavy fault current should always be checked for reversed polarity before
paralleling.

Conditions for parallel operation:

 The polarity of the both machines should be same.

 The terminal voltage of both generators must be approximately equal.

Procedure For Parallel operation:-

 Close the disconnect switch of the incoming generator.

 Start the prime-mover and adjust it to the rated speed of the machine.
 Adjust the voltage of the incoming machine a few volts higher than the bus voltage.
 Close the breaker of the incoming generator.
 Turn the shunt field rheostat of the incoming machine in the raise-voltage direction and that of
the other machines already connected to the bus in the lower-voltage direction till the desired
load distribution.

Advantages of parallel operation:

 Increased stability.
 More convenient and economical repairing.
 Small cost of standby unit.
 Possibility of installation of an additional unit when required with the growth of the load.

Starting of polyphase Induction Machine:-

Starting of Squirrel Cage Motor:-

For cage motor,starting method is dependent upon

 Size and design of motor
 Capacity of power lines
 Driven load
a. Direct on line starting(D.O.L): In this method the motor is directly fed from the main
supply,taking 5 to 7 times the full load current, at start. This causes drops across the supply lines
for small moments.
If supply system is of sufficient power supply capacity,then not objectional voltage dip
causes.
b. Stator Resistor Starting:- A resistor or a reactor is inserted between motor and supply mains.
c. Auto-Transformer Starting:- By means of auto-transformer, at the time of stating a fraction xV1
of the voltage v1 is applied to the stator.This reduces the motor current and also current from
supply.
d. Star-Delta Starting: this method of starting is used for motor designed to operate normally in
delta.