RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 “Research is a systematized effort to gain new knowledge”.      

- Redman and Mory.

 Robert Burns describes it as a systematic investigation to find

solutions to a problem.

 Is defined as highly intellectual human activity used in investigation and

deals specifically with the manner in which data is collected, analyzed and
interpreted.
NEED OF RESEARCH

 Identifying problems and opportunities

 Diagnosing and assessing problems or opportunities

 Selecting and implementing a course of action

 Evaluating the course of action

CHARACTERSTICS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

 Clearly defined purpose

 Thoroughly designed research plans
 Limitations revealed
 Systematic and controlled
 Logical with verifiable evidence
 Accuracy and precision
 High ethical standards
 Data analysis and reporting
 Unambiguously presented findings
 Justified conclusion
PROBLEMS IN RESEARCH

 Time constraint
 Financial constraint
 Availability of data
 Human tendencies
 Lack of scientific training
 Overlapping research studies
 Cost benefit analysis and cost effectiveness
CONCEPTUALIZATION AND PROBLEM
FORMULATION

“well begun is half done”- Aristotle

 Conceptualization- ex. Concept mapping

(personal interest, social problem, prior research, business
problem or opportunity etc.)
 Feasibility
 Problem formulation
 Literature review
 Reformulating the research problem
A famous quotation from Albert Einstein supports the
view that:

 The formulation of a problem is far more often essential than

its solution, which may be merely a matter of mathematical or
experimental skill.

 To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old

problems from a new angle require creative imagination and
marks real advance in science.