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Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins
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Amino Acids, Peptides
and Proteins
The Proteins speak:
“We are the basis of structure
and function of life;
Composed of twenty amino acids,
the building blocks;
Organized into primary, secondary, tertiary
and quaternary structure;
Classified as simple, conjugated
and derived proteins.”
AMINO ACIDS
H H
R C COOH R C COOH
NH2 NH3
amino
groups – attached to the
carboxyl same carbon Atom
4 groups
3. Taste
sweet (Gly, Ala, Val)
tasteless (Leu)
bitter (Arg, Ile)
Sodium Glutamate
– salt of Glutamic Acid – flavoring agent
4. Optical Properties
- Assymetric a carbon atom is
attached to 4
different groups
4 distinct groups R
H - held by an
COOH ⍺-carbon
NH3໋
All AA except Glycine possess
optical isomers due to
asymmetric ⍺-carbon atom
CHO CHO
H C OH OH C H
CH2OH CH2OH
D-Glyceraldehyde L-Glyceraldehyde
R R
H C NH2 H2N C H
COOH COOH
Zwitter
from German word – means
“hybrid”
H໋ R C COOH H໋
NH2
H Amino Acid H
R C COOH R C COO ¯
NH3໋ H NH2
Cation H໋ H໋ Anion
(low pH) R C COO ¯ (high pH)
NH3໋
Zwitterion
(Isoelectric pH)
B. Chemical Properties
General Reactions mostly due to the 2
functional groups
2. Decarboxylation
- AA undergo decarboxylation to produce
corresponding amines
3. Reaction with Ammonia
8. Oxidative deamination
- AA undergo oxidative deamination to
liberate free ammonia
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