ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

Andres Bonifacio Campus

Senior High School Department

Physical science
“Biological Macromolecule”

Prepared by: MR. KENNETH MARU SALANSAN

 Objectives

• Distinguish between carbohydrates, lipids,

proteins & nucleic acid
• Determine the properties and function of
each biological macromolecule
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE
 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE

CARBOHYDRATES
• primary energy source of human
body.
• made up of Carbon, Hydrogen and
Oxygen.
• Divided into two types: Simple
Carbohydrates and Complex
Carbohydrates
 Biological Macromolecules

SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES

• small and may be easily

decomposed into basic units,
• provide an instant source of
energy.
 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE

EXAMPLES OF SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES

GLUCOSE
• the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of
energy for the body's cells

FRUCTOSE
• Found in fruits and honey

GALACTOSE
Found in milk and milk products
 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE

COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES

• serves as structural materials for cell.

• Insoluble in water.
 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE

EXAMPLES OF COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES

STARCH / AMYLOSE
• storage form of glucose in plant

GLYCOGEN
• storage form of glucose animal: stored in the liver
and muscles
CELLULOSE
• Structural material in plants
 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE

PROTEIN

• complex molecules of one

or more chains of amino
acids
• composed of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen.
 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE

FIBROIN

• A protein found in silk.

• Silk has smooth and soft
texture.
• one of the strongest natural
fibers that have high
resistance to deformation.
 Biological macromolecules

COLLAGEN

• a major fibrous protein found in

connective tissues such as
tendons, ligaments, skin cartilage
and cornea of the eye.
• Provide elasticity to the organs
and vascular system
 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE

MYOGLOBIN

a polypeptide that stores

oxygen in muscles
 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE

ENZYMES
• Its’ function is to catalyze chemical
reaction.
Examples of enzymes:
1. Lipase- help in digestion of fats
2. Pepsin- help in breaking down
proteins into smaller parts called
peptides
3. Sucrase – help in digestion of
sugars and starches
 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE

LIPIDS

• organic molecules that are

insoluble in water
• serves as storage of energy
 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE

TRIGLYCERIDES

consist of glycerol and fatty acid. It is one

the most reliable energy reserves of the
human body.

a. FATS refers to solid triglyceride rich in

saturated fat usually from animal sources
such ad meat, milk, butter, margarine,
eggs and cheese

b. OIL refers to liquid triglycerides rich in

unsaturated fat from plant sources
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PHOSPHOLIPIDS

Phospholipids contains glycerol, two fatty acids and phosphate.

Phospholipids are what makes up the cell membrane
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WAX

• long chain saturated fatty acids and

a long chain
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STEROID

• consist of fused carbon ring.

• used to increase muscle growth and
bone development.
• Example includes cholesterol
 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE

NUCLEIC ACID

• involved in the storage, transfer

and expression of genetic
expression.
• Made up of nucleotides which
consists of sugar, phosphates
and nitrogenous bases that
covalently bonded together
 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE

TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACID

DNA is a double stranded
RNA is single nucleic acid that can
stranded Nucleic replicate. DNA makes up
acid which is genes which code for
made from the protein is passed from on
DNA template generation to another
molecule
 SUMMARY

• There are four general classification of molecules that

makes up the living systems
• CARBOHYDRATES are the primary source of energy in
the human body
• PROTEINS complex molecules of one or more chains of
amino acids
• LIPIDS is a macromolecules that serves as one of the
storage of energy
• NUCLEIC ACIDS are involved in the storage, transfer and
expression of genetic expression.