=i Section A [40 marks) Anawer all questions in tis section 4. (a) What ie meant by centripetal force? "1 Contripetal force, F= 2" m=mass, v= veloc, F Wtenables an object of mass m fo move with speed vin a cifelar motion of radius randis lays drected towards the centre of the ciclo. (@) Calculate the centripetal acceleration of an object a the equator due to folation of Earth. The radius of fe Earth is 64 x 10m. Mass ol ihe Earth m= 60% 10" kg ay Tit mst 2 (a). Afiywhee! of radiue 0.4 m with moment of neti D:14 kom? rotates ati 80 Tevslutions per minute. A tangential force fe applied on therm ofthe ipwheel and it ‘stops after 12 revolutions {a}. Determine the initial regular velocity ofthe tywhet in ads m wyatt %_= 19rd (0f Wo 18.85 rad s* (b) Caleuiate the angular deceleration. B(6) Calculate the magritude ofthe tangential force. ae BB Or ATTN or 1.788 3 (@) Define stress and strain Stress : Tansion per unt eross sectional area Strain : Extension per unit ongine! length " (0) A ship of mass 3.0 x 10° kg moves with uniform voloty cf 2.0 me". The ship ‘needs a chained steel anchor to stop the ship ina distance of 20 m aftr the anchor is dropped. Ifthe breaking stress of steel is 6.0x 10° Pa, calculate (the average tension ofthe chained anchor a vous 1 0 =10'+20(20) ~O-t ms a> 0025s fae max (30x10) (0025) $5" W 75x. 1 ORs Average tensio 32 affective minimum cross-sectional area of the chained anchor 0 a Average ; iminiman creas sectional area Breaking stress = Minimum eross-eectonal 4 (@) The power cable for an electrical heater caries a current of6.0 A. Ifthe live ‘and neuiral wires are separated by 3.0 mm, whal isthe force per unit length bbetwaen them? a 2xS.DaI A107 Nie Afo] 1 a (b) Is the foros tractive or repulsive? Ropuleive because the curent are flowing n opposite direction (©) Sketeh the reeuting magnetic field patter 5 (a) A metal rod moves perpendicularly through a 1.5 T uniform magnetic fet at 4 speed of 2 ems" the length ofthe rod is 40cm and its resistance is 3 0 Calculate co) (@) The induced emt B= By : 4 19x 40% 108x210 4 = 00RV . 1 (@) The induced current, poe 0012 RS P 2 400084 6. 0.7 Hinductor and a 150 0 resistor are connected in series to an AC ‘Source of me wattaget 230 V and frequency 50 He. Calculate 6 (2) The reactance ofthe inductor X,=29L 2r 5007 5 = 2190 i *(&) The impedance of the circuit, a(R eke 22 Js 2199" 2= 26620, 7 (@) Determine the smallest permissible radius of the electron orbit ofthe hydrogen atom. 8 ‘smatest rit, pues 1 = fasut0 x(66o00%)) ef x10 x(L.6x10%)* = 530 10"%m zt (8) Calculate the kinetic energy ofthe electron in the smalest orbit of the hydrogen atom. a ‘ mee 1 E ‘ 0.610)? r Ieee" I anos 1 {8 (a) Sketch a graph to show the vation of binding energy per nucleon with mass number of a stable nuclide, Explain the shape obtain forthe region of the graph for heavy nucides One ofthe axis bebe. eed Core eawing Seale 1 Pe(0) The fusion of two deuteron can produce a hellum isctops, ?#s. Write the equation fr this nuclear fusion and show how this occurence can be explained from the greph. Te Hes 1 From the graph, the binding energy per nuceon for 3s more than twice than the binding energy for 3#, whore as the mass for 7H ess than tne the mase for ua 4 This causes the fusion of the two les stable deuterons to form a moro stable ‘sotope. Seaton B [60 marks) ‘Answor any four questions inthis section 8 (2) () State the conditions of equilibrium fora rgd body. a ‘The resultant force acting on the rigid body is zero ‘The resultant forque acting on the rigid body fe zara 20 (b) Figure | chow 20.2 kg eraser being pressed against a whiteboard by a force F inclined at §2" tothe whiteboard, The cceficient of sla fiction, between the eraser and the whiteboard is 0:3, (Draw all tne forces acting onthe eraser. 4 Fe fo 1 mark foreach fores/ 4 marke(i) Calculate the force F needed just to Keep the eraser from sling down. [5] x= ens: N=Fsn §2=0-+ N= sin 2 1 yoni: + Foos 2-mg=0-» f =-Feos62+mg fe uN= uF sin 2 eam ans cos 024981 * sins2-+e0552 = 230N 4 (Gi) What wil happen tothe eraser if stronger force F; I exerted atthe same angle? Give @ reason for your answer. a 1 The eraser wil side upwards. 1 Since F; ) F--» Net upward force ovis Figure 2 shows 2.0.3 kg wooden disc launches into the air with an ital velocity of 30 ms, at an angle 30" to the horizontal ic} () Why does the disk folow a parabotc path? Thee motion ofthe die is @ resutent of a downward acceleration dus to gravy and zero horizontal acceleration, 1 A bullet of mass 0.016 kg taveling at 200 me vertically upward colided withthe dige when the diec was athe highest point. Dus tothe coision, the bullet remains embedded ince the dec. Calculate the extra heighi, ‘8y gained by the aise 18i 0y= 308i 90 = 15s" 4 ‘Conservation of momentum: y-axis: (0.3) (0) * (0.018) (200) = (0.3 + 0015) vy 1 (Cvaoe ae}? = (W atecoson 24 (8y) 1 ost ; 293i ay = 462m : 1 10, (2) (I) Define temperature and heat. n Temperature Is 2 measure of average kineic nergy of individual ‘molecules. Heats the enargy tat fs being transferred cue to temperature dference. 4 (0) State the frst law ef thermodynamics. Ry Q=au+an (Q: Heat supplied or dissipated from the gas systom ‘AU: Change of intemal energy ‘A8": work coe by o On the system 20 (0) Sketch onthe same xis a p-V graph foreach of he folowing process isotherms (i) Iscbare ti) Aaiabate 8 Pp(©) 2 mol of a gas is heated ata constant volume and is temperature increases. ‘rom 239 K 10400 K. What is the incroase in energy? Why i there no work is done? rey AU=A0, 8O= nC, AK .. 4 00% 20.8161 = 6700 1 No works done because the gas doss not expend Volume is constant 2 ool @) 45:mol of gas ie heated at a constant presoure of 1.6 x 10" Pa and the gas ‘expands by 1.5 m°. I the temperature incroasce by 330 K what i the Increase inthe internal energy? a aQ=ncak. 1 4S xQaix 330 43x00 4 an = pay 4 2 16x 10x18 24x 10d Pl ¥ {fr is negative because the gas expand aU =ag+ar 4 43000 — 24000 19x10s a 7 11.(a) A batter of emt Is connected to three capacitors as in Figure 6. The potential dflerance across the 2sF capacitors 12 V. HFCalculate (i) the equivalent capacitance y+ C8 STP 3uP = 4 ur Co = par 4 wh ne 1 (i) the voltage across the 8 F capactior a Q3= C2 Va #2 whay = 244 4 Ginseries 1 Qa 2 gy ye BME eave 1 (il) the total energy stored in the capacitors 8 Eo den sons?) Yonioye) senna oye] 1 216x104) - is 4 (©) A voltage of240 v, 50 Hz is connected in series ta 100 mH inductor and a 300 0 esistor. Caleulate the (i) peak voltage a Ve= JE Vme= 7 (240)= 3384 (9 reotmean square cent ine cet 8 pee loig 4 £2 (9100x109) ae Tien 2 = (Rok? RO TTA 20100 2 ie 1 ana — GW) onc eee a (ti) V Tne he Peay ‘Les = cayere) on okra Le 1¢338-4) o5V=10- 12.2). Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of mage of a parallel beam of light incident an a convex mior 2 Reflected rays with arow from F (with 2 abel sigram ih Retrested rays 4 (©) () What is meant bi light difraction? i Light ciraction isthe separstion light wave 9s it passes through single itor obstacle, 1 (i) A taser beam of wavelength 625 nm iluminates a single-sit of with 5.7 X10 +m which is placed infront ofa screen. Calcviate the width of the central maximum formed on the screen. 4 ‘Separation grating = 2 0 0.1256" pe ieaie 4 22 _1825x10") a STa10 1910 rad 1 (ii) What wit happen tothe afraction pattem in i ifthe size ofthe slits ‘docraased”” i Contra! maximum increases 1“ue (6) (0 terference of to light waves can only takes place i heir sources are coherent. Explain the meaning of interference and coherent i is statement, 81 Intererence fs the superpasition of two or more wees f0 produce destoctve or construcve interference, 1 Coherent: Two wave rar have constant phase difterence at each point of interference a! Sits S, and Se receive monochromatic ight trom same ight source, Zi (i) Two sits are tuminated by consisting of two wavelength 600 nm and 2. The second-order dark fringe of the BOO nm ight is formed atthe same position on a screen as the the-ordor bright fringe ofthe 2, ight, Determine i, 13 (@) Ima photoelectric etfect experiment, a beam of light i incident on a sodium surface. f the wor function of sodium i 2.28 eV, ealoulate (0) the theesnold wavelength of sodium, ry he 6:63%10 34108 221.10 = 545x107 m2 (i) the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectron fhe wavelength of incident fight is 400 nn a sel 0" eee 4 $00x10 x1 6x = 083 eV or 1.3310") 4 i) the stopping potential of the photcelecton fo) Koa =€ Ve 4 2 08" (iv) No photoelectron is emited even though light is iluminated on the target ‘metal. Vil photoelectron be ejected from the metal by increasing the Intensity of the ight source? Explain your answer. a Na. Photon doss not depend cn intensity 4 (©)A particle has a de Brogle's wavelength 2. Calculate the new de Broglie ‘wavelength ofthe particle in terms of 2if (the kinetic energy is quadrupled? a eis Eleier :ha (i) The momentum is quadrupled? a Bm get oy 1 Poms Sra’, 1 mie 14 (2) Whats the dilrence between fusion and fission? a Diflerences between fusion and fission FUSION FISSION ‘Combination awa fight nuclei To arm @ | Breaking up of@ heavy nocieus ho Wo Shgle heavier nucieus Ighter nucle | | For fight tement at th ToworZ end af | Occurs for heavy elements af tha higher | the periodic fable Zend of he pero tablo ‘Occurs af a very high temperature Cecurs at any tonporatare “Any tw marks (b) Whats an alpha docay? a ‘Nucleus loses 2 proton and 2 neutron Or Nand Z decrease by 2 and & decrease by 4 2 (©) Cateulate the energy released nthe folowing fesen reaction dre BU Bat EKr 43} Mass of 2U = 236.043003 4 Mass ofa = 140,914400 u Mass of Sr =91.926300u Mass of jn = 1.008664 u Am=(m, +m, )—(m,, + my +3m,) 4 Enema Aine? 4 = ((235.043823 u + 1.096664 1) ~(140.914400 u + €7.926500 0+ 3(1,008664 u )}x8.31 MeV 4 1732 Mev ‘ae ().odine isotope with half fe 8 cays and the mass number 131 is used ina thyroid diagnosis, Ifa patient ingested 600 jg ofthe isotope, calculate the acthity ofthe isotope immediately afi ingestion, m1 20883 a 0.695 3 Beats 3600 = tee 4 Ny = OME SMS HNO” 2.76010" male. 4 ria al Immediately ater ingestion, A=iNe-*=2N, 1 102.7610" ss = 2.1610" deo