rate of reaction

M1S1
5 Table 5.1 shows the result obtained from an experiment to determine the rate of reaction between magnesium
ribbon with excess hydrochloric acid solution. The volume of gas released during the reaction was recorded
every 30 second.
Jadual 5.1 di bawah menunjukkan keputusan yang diperolehi daripada satu eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar tindak
balas antara pita magnesium dengan larutan asid hidroklorik berlebihan. Isipadu gas yang dibebaskan semasa tindak
balas dicatat setiap 30 saat.
Time second
Masa/ saat
0 30 !
0
"0 1#
0
15
0
1$
0
#1
0
#%
0
#&
0
30
0
33
0
3!0
'xperiment 1
Eksperimen (
Total of gas
volume
Jumlah Isipadu
gas cm
3
0 15 3
0
%# 5% !! &5 $% "0 "! "" "" ""
T)*+' JADUA 5.1
,a- ,i- .rite the chemical e/uation for the reaction.
!uliskan persamaan tindak balas yang terlibat.
0000000.0000000000000000000000000.11 mark2
,ii- 3raw a graph volume of gas against time on the graph paper.
ukiskan gra" isipadu gas melawan masa pada kertas gra". 13 marks2
,iii- *ased on the graph in ,b-4 determine the average of rate of reaction.
#erpandukan gra" di ,b- tentukan kadar tindak balas purata bagi tindak balas tersebut. 1# marks2
,b- ) student was carried out two experiments to determine the factor that affect the rate of reaction
between hydrochloric acid with magnesium. Table 5.# shows the result.
$eorang pelajar telah menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk menentukan "aktor yang mempengaruhi
kadar tindak balas antara asid hidrokorik dengan magnesium. Jadual 5.# di bawah menunjukkan
keputusan yang diperolehi.
Experiment
Eksperimen
Time taken for all magnesium dissolve
Masa yang diambil untuk semua magnesium
melarut/s
%0
#0
T)*+' JADUA 5.
1
'xcess hydrochloric
acid 5 # g of
magnesium ribbon.
Asid hidroklorik
berlebihan
5 # g pita
magnesium
'xcess
hydrochloric acid 5
# g of magnesium
powder
Asid hidroklorik
berlebihan
5 # g serbuk
magnesium
Experiment
Eksperimen I
Experiment
Eksperimen II
,i- 6eferring to collision theory4 explain why there is difference in result in experiment ( and
'xperiment ((.
Merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran% terangkan mengapa terdapat perbe&aan keputusan dalam
Eksperimen ( dan Eksperimen ((.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
13 marks2
,ii- State another method to /uic7en magnesium dissolving in the hydrochloric acid.
'yatakan satu kaedah lain bagi mempercepatkan magnesium melarut di dalam asid hidroklorik.
..................................................................................................................................
11 mark2
M1S#
5 'xperiment ( and (( are carried out to study the effect of total surface area on the rate of reaction.
Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II dijalankan bagi mengkaji kesan jumlah luas permukaan ke atas kadar
tindak balas.
Experiment I 8 50 cm
3
of hydrochloric acid4 0.1mol dm
93
is added to
!.0 g of marble chips.
Eksperimen I 8 50 cm
3
larutan asid hidroklorik 0.1mol dm
93
dicampur kepada
!.0 g ketulan marmar.
Experiment I 8 50 cm
3
of hydrochloric acid4 0.1mol dm
93
is added to
!.0 g of marble powder.
Eksperimen II 8 50 cm
3
larutan asid hidro7lori7 0.1mol dm
93
dicampur 7epada
!.0 g serbuk marmar.
Total volume of gas released for both experiments are recorded every 30 second. The result of experiment
as Table 5.
Jumlah isipadu gas yang terbebas bagi kedua(dua eksperimen direkod setiap )* saat. +eputusan
eksperimen seperti Jadual 5.
Time second
Masa saat
0 30 !0 "0 1#0
15
0
1$
0
#1
0
#%
0
#&
0
300
:olume
of gas
Isipadu
gas
cm
)
'xperiment (
Eksperimen ( 0 1# #3 3# %0 %$ 5! !1 !$ &% &$
'xperiment ((
Eksperimen (( 0 ## %0 5! !$ && $% $" "3 "5 "$
T)*+' JADUA 5
,a- ;ame the gas released when hydrochloric acid reacted with marble.
'amakan gas yang terbebas apabila asid hidroklorik bertindak balas dengan marmar.
00000000000000000000000000000000000..
1 1 mark2
,b- .rite a chemical e/uation for the reaction ta7e place.
!uliskan satu persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.
00000000000000000000000000000000000..
1 1 mark 2
#
,c- *y using the same axes4 draw the graph of volume of gas released against time for both experiment
( and (( on the graph paper provided.
Dengan menggunakan paksi yang sama % lukiskan gra" isipadu gas yang terbebas melawan masa
bagi kedua(dua eksperimen I dan II pada kertas gra" di halaman 1 3 marks2
,d- 3etermine the rate of reaction in experiment ( and experiment (( on 1#0 second.
,itungkan kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen I dan eksperimen II pada saat ke 1#0.
1 # marks2
,e- .hat is the relationship of total surface area of marble with rate of reaction<
Apakah hubungan antara jumlah luas permukaan marmar dengan kadar tindak balas-
00000000000000000000000000000000000...
1 1 mark2
,f- ,i- (s there any different between total volume of gas released at the end of
experiment ( and experiment ((<
Adakah terdapat perbe&aan antara jumlah isipadu gas yang
terbebas di akhir eksperimen I dengan eksperimen ((<
00000000000000000000000000000000..
1 1 mark2
,ii- =ive a reason for your answer in ,f- ,i-.
#erikan sebab bagi jawapan anda di ,f-,i-.
00000000000000000000000000000000..
1 1 mark 2
M1S3
4 Table % shows the volume and the concentrated hydrochloric acid which is use in experiment (4(( and (((.
)ll the experiment involve of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and excess calsium carbonate.
Jadual . menunjukkan isipadu dan kepekatan asid hidroklorik yang digunakan dalam
Eksperimen I% II dan III. +etiga(tiga eksperimen itu melibatkan tindak balas antara asid
hidroklorik dengan kalsium karbonat yang berlebihan.
Experiment/
Eksperimen
Volume of
hydrochloric acid/
Isipadu asid
hidroklorik ( cm
)

!oncentration of
hydrochloric acid/
"epekatan asid
hidroklorik ( moldm
()

I 50 0.1
II 50 0.#
III 50 0.3
>)3?)+ %
The volume of carbon dioxide collected in each experiment was recorded at certain time.
Isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terkumpul dalam setiap eksperimen dicatatkan
pada sela masa tertentu.
3
=raph %.1 below shows the volume of crbon dioxide gas against the tme for experiment ((.
/ra" ..0 di bawah menunjukkan isipadu gas karbon dioksida melawan masa bagi
Eksperimen II.
=6)@ %.1
,a- ;ame the product of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate
'amakan hasil tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik dengan kalsium karbonat.
0000000000000000000000000000000000.
1 1 markah 2
,b- .rite the e/uation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate.
!uliskan persamaan bagi tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik dengan kalsium karbonat.
0000000000000000000000000000000000.
1 1 markah 2
,c- Aalculate the volume of maximum carbon dioxide gas that is collected in experiment (.
11 mole gas occupied #%000 cm
3
at room

temperature and pressure2
,itungkan isipadu maksimum gas karbon dioksida yang terkumpul dalam Eksperimen I.
1/unakan maklumat 0 mol gas menempati 2.*** cm
)
ruang pada suhu dan tekanan bilik3
1 3 markah 2
,d- S7etch the shape of graph for experiment ( and (( at the same axis in =raph %.1
akarkan bentuk gra" bagi Eksperimen I dan III pada paksi yang sama di /ra" ..0. 1 # markah 2
,e- *ased on collision theory4 explain why there is different in grafh curves in experiment ( than experiment ((
at ,d-.
#erdasarkan teori perlanggaran% terangkan mengapa terdapat perbe&aan lengkungan gra" Eksperimen I
berbanding Eksperimen III di 4d5.
0000000000000000000000000000000000.
0000000000000000000000000000000000.1 # markah 2
%
:olume (sipadu
gas AB
#
cm
)
Time Masa s
Eksperimen II 1#0
,f- State one other factor which influence the rate of reaction.
$elain daripada "aktor kepekatan asid hidroklorik% nyatakan satu "aktor lain yang boleh mempengaruhi
kadar tindak balas itu.
0000000000000000000000000000000000.1 1 markah 2
M1S%
# )n experiment was carried out to determine the rate of reaction between Cinc granules and dilute hydrochloric
acid. The volume of hydrogen gas released is determined at certain time interval.
=raph of volume of hydrogen gas against time obtained as follow8
$atu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengukur kadar tindak balas antara ketulan &ink dengan asid
hidroklorik cair. Isipadu gas hidrogen yang terbebas dalam tindak balas tersebut ditentukan pada satu sela
masa tertentu.
/ra" isipadu gas hidrogen melawan masa yang diperolehi adalah seperti berikut
,a- .rite the chemical e/uation for the reaction occurred.
!uliskan persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.
000.00000000000000000000000000000000000..
1 1 mark 2
5
=raph of volume of hydrogen gas against time
/ra" Isipadu gas hidrogen melawan masa
Time
Masas
:olume of
hydrogen gas
Isipadu gas
hidrogencm
3
10
#0
30
%0
%0 $0
1#0 1!0 #00
,b- 3raw the set9up of apparatus that has been used in the experiment.
ukiskan gambar rajah susunan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini.
1 # marks 2
,c- Aalculate8
,itungkan 8
,i- )verage rate of reaction for the whole reaction.
kadar tindak balas purata bagi keseluruhan tindak balas ini
1 1 mark 2
,ii- 6ate of reaction at %0 second and at $0 second.
kadar tindak balas pada saat ke %0 dan saat ke $0
1 3 marks 2
,d- @rom the answer in ,c- ,ii-4 at which second the rate of reaction is higher< 'xplain why.
Daripada nilai yang dihitung di ,c- ,ii-4 kadar tindak balas pada saat ke berapakah yang lebih tinggi-
!erangkan mengapa.
000000000000000000000000000000000000000.
000000000000000000000000000000000000000.
00000000000000000000000000000000000 1 # marks 2
,e- Suggest one way to increase the rate of reaction.
6adangkan satu cara untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas ini.
000000.00000000000000000000000000000000.11 mark 2
M#S!
5 'xperiment ( and experiment (( have done to investigate the effect of total surface area on the rate of
reaction.
Experiment I 8 50 cm
3
of 0.1 mol dm
93
hydrochloric acid is added to
!.0 g of big crushed marble chips.
!
Experiment II 8 50 cm
3
of 0.1 mol dm
93
hydrochloric acid is added to
!.0 g of powder marble chips.
Eksperimen ( dan eksperimen (( telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan jumlah luas permukaan ke atas kadar
tindak balas.
Eksperimen I 8 50 cm
3
larutan asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm
93
dicampur kepada
!.0 g ketulan marmar.
Eksperimen II 8 50 cm
3
larutan asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm
93
dicampur kepada
!.0 g serbuk marmar.
The total volume of gas that is released for the both experiments are recorded for every 30 seconds. The
results obtained from the both experiments as in Table 5 below.
Jumlah isipadu gas yang terbebas bagi kedua(dua eksperimen direkod setiap 30 saat. +eputusan yang
diperolehi daripada kedua(dua eksperimen adalah seperti dalam Jadual 5 di bawah.
Time/s
Masa s
0 30 !0 "0 1#0
15
0
1$
0
#1
0
#%
0
#&
0
300
Volume of gas /cm
$
Isipadu gas cm
)
Experiment I
Eksperimen I
0 1# #3 3# %0 %$ 5! !1 !$ &% &$
Experiment II
Eksperimen II
0 ## %0 5! !$ && $% $" "3 "5 "$
Table Jadual 5
,a- .rite the chemical e/uation for the reaction in the both experiments.
!uliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam kedua(dua eksperimen.
0000000000000000000000000000000000000.
1 # marks2
,b- *y using the same axes4 draw a graph of volume of gas against time for experiment ( and experiment ((
in graph sheet at page 11.
Dengan menggunakan paksi yang sama% lukiskan gra" isipadu gas melawan masa bagi kedua(dua
eksperimen I dan II pada kertas gra" di halaman 11.
1 3 marks2
,c- *y reffering to the graph in ,b-4 calculate the rate of reaction for experiment ( and experiment (( at 1#0
seconds.
Menggunakan gra" di ,b-4 hitungkan kadar tindak balas bagi eksperimen ( dan eksperimen (( pada
saat ke 1#0.
'xperiment Eksperimen ( 'xperiment Eksperimen ((
1 # marks2
&
,d- *ased on the calculations in ,c-4 state the relationship between total surface area of marble with the rate
of reaction.
#erdasarkan penghitungan di ,c-4 apakah hubungan antara jumlah luas permukaan marmar dengan
kadar tindak balas<
00000000000000000000000000000000000.........
1 1 mark2
,e- ,i- (f the both experiments is carried out until no more gas is released4 is there any differences of
total volume of gas released at the end of these experiments.
Jika kedua(dua eksperimen diteruskan sehingga tiada lagi gas yang terbebas% adakah terdapat
perbe&aan pada jumlah isipadu gas yang terbebas di akhir eksperimen(ekperimen ini.
0000000000000000000000000000000000...
1 1 mark2
,iii- =ive areason for your answer in ,e- ,i-
#erikan sebab bagi jawapan anda di ,e- ,i-.
00000000000000000000000000000000...........
1 1 mark2
M#S&
5 ) student has done three experiments to determine the factor that affect the rate of reaction between
hydrochloric acid and magnesium. Table 5 below shows the result of the experiment.
$eorang pelajar telah menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk menentukan "aktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak
balas antara asid hidrokorik dengan magnesium. Jadual 5 di bawah menunjukkan keputusan yang
diperolehi.
Experiment and the set up of apparatus
Eksperimen dan susunan radas
Temperature/
o
!
Suhu/
o
C
Time taken for all the
magnesium dissolve/s
Masa yang diambil untuk
semua magnesium
melarut/s
30 %0
%0 #0
$
'xcess hydrochloric acid
1 mol dm
93
Asid hidroklorik
1 mol dm
93
berlebihan
0.3 g of magnesium ribbon
0.3 g pita magnesium
'xcess hydrochloric acid
1 mol dm
93
Asid hidroklorik
1 mol dm
93
berlebihan
0.3 g of magnesium ribbon
0.3 g pita magnesium
Experiment / Eksperimen I
Experiment / Eksperimen II
%0 10
Table Jadual 5
,a- .hat is meant by rate of reaction<
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kadar tindak balas<
0000000000000000000000000000000000000.
11 mark2
,b- .rite the e/uation for the reaction above.
!uliskan persamaan bagi tindak balas di atas.
0000000000000000000000000000000000000.1# marks2
,c- S7etch a graph of volume of gas against time for all three experiments above on the same axes.
akarkan gra" isipadu gas melawan masa bagi ketiga(tiga eksperimen di atas pada paksi yang sama.
13 marks2
,d- .ith reference to the collision theory4 explain why there are differences in the rate of reaction in
the 'xperiment ( and ((.
Merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran% terangkan mengapa terdapat perbe&aan keputusan dalam
Eksperimen ( dan ((.
0000000000000000000000000000000000000.
0000000000000000000000000000000000000.
0000000000000000000000000000000000000.
13 marks2
"
:olume of gas cm
3
Isipadu gas /cm
3
Times
Masa/s
'xcess hydrochloric acid
1 mol dm
93
Asid hidroklorik
1 mol dm
93
berlebihan
0.3 g of magnesium powder
0.3 g serbuk magnesium
Experiment / Eksperimen III
,e- State another method on how to dissolve the magnesium into hydrochloric acid in 'xperiment (((
faster.
'yatakan satu kaedah lain bagaimana mempercepatkan lagi magnesium melarut di dalam asid
hidroklorik dalam Eksperimen (((.
0000000000000000000000000000000000000.
11 mark2
M#S"
# )n experiment is carried out to determine the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and dilute
hydrochloric acid. The volumes of carbon dioxide gas evolved at fixed intervals are recorded.
$atu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengukur kadar tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat dengan asid
hidroklorik cair. Isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terbebas dalam tindak balas tersebut ditentukan pada satu
sela masa tertentu
=raph of the volumes of carbon dioxide gas against time are shown below.
/ra" isipadu gas karbon dioksida melawan masa yang diperolehi adalah seperti berikut
,a- .rite an e/uation for the above reaction.
!uliskan persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.
000.00000000000000000000000000000
1 # marks 2
10
=raph of the volumes of carbon dioxide gas
against time
/ra" isipadu gas karbon dioksida melawan masa
Time
s
Masa
/s
:olume of
carbon dioxide
gas cm
)
Isipadu
karbon dioksida
/cm
)
10
#0
30
%0
%0 $0 1#0 1!0 #00
,b- 3raw a labeled diagram to show the set9up of the apparatus in the experiment.
ukiskan gambar rajah susunan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini.
1 # marks 2
,c- Aalculate ,itungkan 8
,i- the average rate of reaction
kadar tindak balas purata bagi keseluruhan tindak balas ini
1 1 mark 2
,ii- the rate of reaction at %0 second and $0 second.
kadar tindak balas pada saat ke .* dan saat ke 7*
1 3 marks 2
,d- *ase on the answer in c,ii-4 which have the higher rate of reaction. 'xplain your answer.
Daripada nilai yang dihitung di 4c5 4ii5% kadar tindak balas pada saat ke berapakah yang lebih
tinggi- !erangkan mengapa.

00000000.00000000000000000000000000000
00000.00000000000000000000000000000000
000000..0000000000000000000000000000000
1 # marks 2
,e- Suggest another way to increase the rate of above reaction
6adangkan satu cara untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas ini.
0000000...000000.00000000000000000000000
11 mark 2
M3S10
11
%& ,a- ) student carried out two experiments to investigate the effects of the factors
influencing the rate of reaction. Table 10 shows the results of the experiments.
$eorang pelajar telah menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk menyiasat kesan "aktor(
"aktor yang menpengaruhi kadar sesuatu tindak balas. Jadual 0* menunjukkan keputusan
eksperimen.
Experiment
Volume of
hydrogen gas /cm
$
I !0
II !0
T)*+' 10 JADUA 10
,i- .rite the chemical e/uation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.
!uliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara magnesium dan asid hidroklorik.
1# marks2
,ii- Aalculate the average rate of reaction for 'xperiment ( and ((
,itungkan kadar tindak balas purata untuk Eksperimen ( and ((
1# marks2
,iii- S7etch the graphs of the volume of hydrogen gas against time for 'xperiment ( and ((
akarkan gra" isipadu gas hidrogen melawan masa bagi Eksperimen ( and ((
1# marks2
,iv- Aompare the rate of reaction between 'xperiment ( and 'xperiment ((. *y referring to the
Aollision Theory4 explain why there are differences in the rate of reaction in the
experiment.
#andingkan kadar tindak balas antara Eksperimen ( dan Eksperimen ((. Dengan merujuk
kepada !eori 8erlanggaran% terangkan kenapa terdapat perbe&aan dalam kadar tindak
balas dalam eksperimen itu
1% marks2
1#
3 minutes
1 g magnesium ribbon
1g pita magnesium
Dydrochloric acid 1 mol dm
93
in excess
acid hidroklorik 0 mol dm
()
berlebihan
5 minutes
1 g magnesium ribbon
1g pita magnesium
Dydrochloric acid 0.5 mol dm
93
in excess
acid hidroklorik *.9 mol dm
()
berlebihan
,b-
,i- 3escribe how you can carry out an experiment to determine the rate of liberation of carbon
dioxide gas at !0 seconds.
,uraikan bagaimana anda menjalankan eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas
pembebasan gas karbon dioksida pada saat ke !0.
1$ marks2
,ii- State two ways to increase the rate of reaction in the experiment but the maximum volume
of carbon dioxide gas collected remains unchanged.
'yatakan dua cara untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen itu tetapi
isipadu maksimum gas karbon dioksida yang dibebaskan tidak berubah
1# marks2
M3S11
5. 3iagram 5 shows the set up of the apparatus for a reaction between 50 cm
3
of 0.# mol dm
93
hydrochloric acid
and excess solid calcium carbonate.
:ajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk tindak balas di antara 9* cm
)
asid hidroklorik%
*.2 mol dm
()
dan pepejal kalsium karbonat berlebihan.
3iagram :ajah 5
The gas produced is measured at 30 second intervals. Table 5 shows the results obtained.
/as yang terhasil diukur pada selang 30 saat. Jadual 5 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperolehi.
Time Masa , s- 0 30 !0 "0 1#0 150 1$0 #10
:olume of gas produced
Isipadu gas terhasil ,cm
3
-
0 3# 5$ $0 "$ 110 11! 11!
,a- .rite the chemical e/uation for the reaction ta7es place.
!ulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.
0000000000000000000000000000000000
11 marks 2
13
Marble reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to liberate carbon dioxide gas
Marmar bertindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik membebaskan gas
karbon dioksida
Dydrochloric acid Asid
hidroklorik
Aalcium carbonate
kalsium karbonat
.ater air
,b- 3raw the graph of volume of gas produced against time.
ukis gra" isipadu gas yang terhasil melawan masa.
13 marks 2
,c- @rom the graph4 calculate the rate of reaction at the time !0 seconds.
Dari gra"% kira kadar tindak balas pada masa ;* saat.
1 # marks 2
,d- The experiment is repeated using a small amount of copper ,((- sulphate solution as catalyst. *ased on the
collision theory4 state how catalyst acts as a factor that affects the rate of reaction.
Eksperimen diulangi menggunakan sejumlah kecil kuprum 4II5 sul"at sebagai mangkin. #erdasarkan teori
perlanggaran% nyatakan bagaimana mangkin bertindak sebagai satu "aktor yang mempengaruhi kadar
tindak balas.
0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
1% marks 2
1%
M#S"E3
% )n experiment is carried out to study the rate of reaction. ) #50 cm
3
conical flas7
contained %5 cm
3
of sodium thiosulphate solution4 ;a#S#B3 0.# mol dm
93
is placed
on a white paper mar7ed with the FGH sign as shown in the figure below.
5 cm
3
sulphuric acid of l.0 mol dm
93
was added to the sodium thiosulphate solution and the
mixture swirled. )t the same time the stopwatch was started. The time is ta7en
as soon as the FGH sign is no longer visible.
The experiment is repeated using the different concentration of sodium thiosulphate.
The table below shows the results of experiment with the different concentration of sodium
thiosulphate solution.

Experiment !oncentration of sodium
thiosulphate (mol dm
'$

Time(s %/time
(s
'%

1 0.0% 55
# 0.0$ %$
3 01# %#
% 0.1! 3&
5 0.#0 33
,a- ,i- Aomplete the table above and draw the graph of concentration against 1time on the
graph paper next page.

13 marks2
,ii- *ased on the graph in ,a-,i-4 state the relationship between rate of reaction with
concentration.
00000000000000000000000000000000000.
15
eye
IGJ sign
.hite paper
Sodium thiosulphate
5 sulphuric acid
13 marks2
,b- Kredict the time when the FGH sign no longer visible if the same experiment is
repeated by using 0.1 mol dm
93
of sodium thiosulphate.
0000000000000000000000000000........000000
13 marks2
,c- Aomplete the table below based on the experiment
(ame of variables )ction to be taken
,i- Manipulated variable8

0000000000000
,ii- 6esponding variable8
000000000000
,iii- Aontrolled variable
000000000000.
,i- The way to manipulate variable
000000000000000
000000000000000.
,ii- .hat to observe in the responding
variable
00000000000000
00000000000000
,iii- The way to maintain the controlled
variable
000000000000..
0000000000000
13 marks2
,d- State the hypothesis for the experiment.

0...000..00000000000..............0000000000000000
000.. 00000.0000000000000000000000013 marks2

M1S#
* ,a- .hat is meant by rate of reaction<
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kadar tindak balas-
1 1 mark2
,b-
'xplain the statement above.
!erangkan pernyataan di atas.
1!
@ood stored in refrigerator is last longer than stored in
room temperature.
Makanan yang disimpan dalam peti sejuk tahan lebih lama
berbanding yang dibiarkan pada suhu bilik.
1# marks2
,c- =raph ( is obtained from the result of an experiment involving reaction between 10 g of Cinc
powder with 50 cm
3
of hydrochloric acid4 0.5 moldm
93
at 30
0
A.
/ra" I diperoleh daripada keputusan satu eksperimen yang melibatkan tindak balas antara 0* g
serbuk &ink dengan 9* cm
)
asid hidroklorik *.9 moldm
()
pada suhu 30
0
A.
:olume of gas
Isipadu
gas cm
)
( ((
t
t1 t# Time
Masa s
,i- .rite the chemical e/uation for the reaction between Cinc and hydrochloric acid.
Aalculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced.
1 molar volume 8 *4 dm
3
mol at room condition 2
!uliskan persamaan tindak balas &ink dengan asid hidroklorik.
,itungkan isipadu maksimum gas hidrogen yang terhasil.
1 Isipadu molar gas < *4 dm
)
/mol pada keadaan bilik 2
,ii- .hat are three changes that need to be done towards the experiment to form graph (((<
Apakah tiga perubahan yang perlu di buat ke atas eksperimen itu untuk menghasilkan gra"
((<
,iii- Aompare and contrast the graph for experiment ( and experiment ((.
#anding dan be&akan /ra" bagi eksperimen I dan eksperimen ((.
1 " marks2
,d- Temperature4 catalyst and total surface area are factors that can affect the rate of reaction. ?sing
Aollision Theory4 explain how one of the factor affect the rate of reaction.
$uhu% mangkin% kepekatan dan jumlah luas permukaan adalah "aktor("aktor yang boleh
mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Menggunakan !eori 8erlanggaran% terangkan bagaimana
salah satu "aktor itu mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.
1 % marks2
,e- Bswald Krocess is a chemical manufacturing process in industry. 3escribe briefly how the process
is carry out in the industry.
8roses =stwald merupakan proses pembuatan bahan kimia dalam industri. ,uraikan dengan
ringkas bagaimana proses itu dijalankan dalam industri.
1&
V
M1S5
%& ,a- .hat is the meaning of catalyst< =ive one example of catalyst and its uses.
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan mangkin- #erikan satu contoh mangkin dan
kegunaannya.
1 # marks2
,b- *ased on the collision theory4 explain how the following factors affect the rate of reaction8
#erdasarkan teori perlanggaran% terangkan bagaimana "aktor("aktor berikut mempengaruhi
kadar sesuatu tindak balas <
,i- SiCe of reactant
sai& bahan
,ii- Aoncentration
kepekatan
1 $ marks2
,c-
6eaction between sulphuric acid and calcium carbonate powder is faster than with calcium
carbonate granules.
!indakbalas antara asid sul"urik dengan serbuk kalsium karbonat lebih cepat berbanding
dengan ketulan kalsium karbonat.

3escribe an experiment how you can prove the statement above.
(n your description4 include the diagram of set9up of apparatus and chemical e/uation
involved.
,uraikan satu eksperimen bagaimana anda dapat membuktikan kebenaran pernyataan di
atas. Dalam huraian anda% sertakan gambar rajah susunan radas dan persamaan yang
terlibat.
1 10 marks2
M#S$
& ,a- The e/uation below represent the reaction between hydrochloric acid with calcium
carbonate
8ersamaan bagi tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik dengan kalsium karbonat
adalah seperti berikut <
AaAB
3
5 #DAl L AaAl
#
5 AB
#
5 D
#
B
,i- *ased on 7inetic theory4 explain how the concentration of hydrochloric acid influent in the
rate of reaction with calcium carbonate
#erdasarkan teori perlanggaran% terangkan bagaimana kepekatan asid hidroklorik boleh
mempengaruhi kadar tindak balasnya dengan kalsium karbonat.
1 % markah2
,ii- 3escribe an experiment to study the effect of concentration of hydrochloric acid into the
rate of reaction with calcium carbonate. Mour answer must include set9up of apparatus
used.
,uraikan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan asid hidroklorik ke atas kadar
tindak balas dengan kalsium karbonat. Dalam huraian anda sertakan gambar rajah
susunan radas yang digunakan.
11# markah2
,b- Aontact process is a industry process to produce one substances. ;ame the substances produce and
state the condition re/uired to produce optimum product.
1$
8roses $entuh merupakan suatu proses industri untuk menghasilkan suatu bahan. 'amakan bahan
yang di hasilkan dan nyatakan keadaan yang diperlukan supaya penghasilan yang optimum.
1 % markah2
M#S"
+ ,a- Meat stored in refrigerator can last longer than meat stored in an open 7itchen cabinet. 'xplain this
phenomenon.
Daging yang disimpan dalam peti sejuk tahan lama berbanding yang dibiar pada suhu bilik. !erangkan
keadaan ini.
1% marks2
,b- ) group of students carried out 3 experiments to investigate the factors affecting the rate of reaction.
Table $.1 shows the information about the reactants and the temperature used in each of the experiment.
$ekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan ) eksperimen untuk mengkaji "actor yang mempengaruhi kadar
tindak balas.
Jadual 7.0 menunjukkan keadaan bahan tindak balas dan suhu yang digunakan dalam setiap eksperimen
T)*+' >)3?)+ $.1
The results of these 3 experiments are show in the figure below.
,i- .hat is meant by rate of reaction for this experiment<
Apakah yang dimaksudkan kadar tindakbalas untuk eksperimen ini-
1# marks2
,ii- *ase on table $.1 and figure $.#4 compare the rate of reaction between
'xperiment ) and 'xperiment *
'xperiment * and 'xperiment A
#erdasarkan Jadual $.1 dan :ajah $.# % banding kadar tindakbalas antara
Eksperimen A dan Ekspeimen #
Eksperimen # dan Eksperimen 6

Experiment
Eksperimen
,eactant
Bahan Tindak balas
Temperature (
o
!
Suhu (
o
C)
)
'xcess magnesium ribbons and #5 cm
3
of
0.5 mol dm
N3
hydrochloric acid
8ita magnesium berlebihan dan 29 cm
)
*.9 mol dm
>)
asid hidroklorik
#5
*
'xcess magnesium ribbons and #5 cm
3
of
0.5 mol dm
N3
hydrochloric acid
8ita magnesium berlebihan dan 29 cm
)
*.9 mol dm
>)
asid hidroklorik
35
A
'xcess magnesium powder and #5 cm
3
of
0.5 mol dm
N3
hydrochloric acid
$erbuk magnesium berlebihan dan 29 cm
)
*.9 mol dm
>)
asid hidroklorik
35
1"
:
o
l
u
m
e

o
f

g
a
s

p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d

c
m

I
s
i
p
a
d
u

g
a
s

t
e
r
k
u
m
p
u
l

/


c
m

3
time masa s
) * A
@(=?6' :AJA, $.#
(n each case4 explain the difference in the rate of reaction by using the collision theory.
*agi setiap kes% terangkan perbe&aan dalam kadar tindakbalas berdasarkan teori perlanggaran
110 marks2
M3S1#
+ ,a- State three factors affecting the rate of reaction.
'yatakan tiga "aktor yang mempengaruhi kadar suatu tindak balas. 13 marks2
,b- )n experiment is carried out to study the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. The time ta7en by
magnesium to dissolve in acid in each experiment is recorded in Table $.
$atu eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara magnesium dan asid hidroklorik. Masa
magnesium larut di dalam asid dalam setiap eksperimen dicatat seperti dalam jadual $
'xperiment
Eksperimen
6eactant
#ahan tindak balas
Temperature
suhu
,
0
A-
Time
masa
,s-
(
#0 cm
3
of 0.5 mol dm
93
hydrochloric acid 5
# g of magnesium strip
2* cm
)
asid hidroklorik *.9 mol dm
()
?
2 g pita magnesium
30 1#0
((
#0 cm
3
of 1.0 mol dm
93
hydrochloric acid 5
# g of magnesium strip
2* cm
)
asid hidroklorik 0.* mol dm
()
?
2 g pita magnesium
30 !0
(((
#0 cm
3
of 1.0 mol dm
93
hydrochloric acid 5
# g of magnesium powder
2* cm
)
asid hidroklorik 0.* mol dm
()
?
2 g serbuk magnesium
30 %0
(:
#0 cm
3
of 1.0 mol dm
93
hydrochloric acid 5
# g of magnesium strip 5
5 drops of copper,((- sulphate solution
2* cm
)
asid hidroklorik 0.* mol dm
()
?
2 g pita magnesium ? 9 titik larutan kuprum4II5 sul"at
30 %5
T)*+'JADUA $
,i- .rite an ionic e/uation for the reaction between magnesium and acid.
!uliskan persamaan ionik yang berlaku antara magnesium dan asid.
11 mark2
,ii- Aompare the rate of reaction for
experiment ( and experiment ((4
experiment (( and experiment (((.
experiment (( and experiment (:
'xplain your answer based on the collision theory.
#andingkan kadar tindak balas antara
eksperimen ( dan eksperimen ((
eksperimen (( dan eksperimen (((
eksperimen (( dan eksperimen (:
!erangkan jawapan andaberdasarkan teori perlanggaran 1" marks2
,iii- (f experiment (( is repeated at %0
0
A4 predict the time ta7en for the # g
magnesium to dissolve completely. 'xplain your answer.
Jika eksperimen II diulangi pada suhu .*
*
6% cadangkan masa yang diambil untuk 2 g magnesium larut
sepenuhnya. Jelaskan jawapan anda. 13 marks2
,c- *ased on the collision theory4 explain why we need to store fresh mil7 in a refrigerator.
#erdasarkan !eori 8erlanggaran% terangkan mengapa kita perlu menyimpan susu segar dalam peti sejuk.
1% marks2
#0