Example 1

A rope was tied around the equator of the Earth, which is assumed to be a perfect sphere.
How much in metres should the length of the rope be increased by if the rope were to be
elevated 5 m above the ground? (𝜋 = 3.14)

Practice 1
The perimeter of a rectangle is 50 m. The length and breadth of the rectangle are each
increased by 3 m. How much, in m2, did the area of the rectangle increase by?

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Practice 2
There are 2 groups of numbers, 𝐴 and 𝐵, such that there are less than 10 numbers in each
group. The average of the numbers in 𝐴 is 12.8, while the average of the numbers in 𝐵 is
10.2. Given that the average of all the numbers is 12.02, how many numbers are there in
𝐴?

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Practice 3
Rice is packed into 3 types of packages – type 𝐴, type 𝐵 and type 𝐶. The worker can either
use 2 packets of 𝐴 and 1 packet of 𝐵, or 2 packets of 𝐵 and 1 packet of 𝐶 to fill a container.
! !
If " of a packet of 𝐴 and " of a packet of 𝐵 are used to fill an empty container, how many
more packets of 𝐶 are required to fill it to the brim?

Example 2
On Tree Planting Day, each boy in 𝐴𝐵𝐶 Primary School is to plant 10 trees, while each girl
is to plant 8 trees. The total number of students involved was 300. On that day itself, 20%
of the boys were reassigned for another school project. How many trees were planted by
the remaining students?

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Practice 4
If Mark walked for 10 minutes and then jogged for 2 minutes, he would have arrived at
school on time. If he walked for 6 minutes and jogged for the remaining distance, he would
have arrived at school 2 minutes and 24 seconds earlier. What is the ratio of Mark’s jogging
speed to his walking speed?

Example 3
There are 2 candles of different radii and length. One will finish burning in 3.5 hours, and
the other will finish burning in 5 hours. The 2 candles were lit at the same time and burnt
to the same height after 2 hours. Given that each candle burns at a constant rate, find the
ratio of the lengths of the 2 candles.

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Practice 5
An empty water tank has 3 inlet pipes 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are turned on at the same
time, when 𝐴 has filled 18 tons of water, the tank is full. If 𝐴 and 𝐶 are turned on at the
same time, when 𝐴 has filled 27 tons of water, the tank is full. Given that the rate of flow
#
of 𝐵 is ! times that of 𝐶, determine the capacity of the tank.

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Practice 6
Candles 𝐴 and 𝐵 are of the same length. 𝐴 takes 5 hours to finish burning, while 𝐵 takes 4
hours to finish burning. Both candles are being lit at the same time. Given that each of them
burns at a constant rate, how long, in hours, would it take for 𝐴 to be thrice the length of
𝐵?

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Practice 7
Car 𝐴 left Town 𝐴 at the same time when Car 𝐵 left Town 𝐵, both cars travelling towards
each other. The 2 cars met after 8 hours. Car 𝐴 then took another 4 hours to reach Town
𝐵. Given that Car 𝐴 is faster than Car 𝐵 by 35 km/h, find the distance between Town 𝐴 and
Town 𝐵.

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Example 4
When a certain amount of water was added to a glass of saline solution, the saline
concentration becomes 3% (3 g out of a 100 g solution is salt). When the same amount of
water was added again, the saline concentration becomes 2%. If the same amount of
water was added yet again, what would the saline concentration be?

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Practice 8
𝐴 contains 400 g of saline solution with a salt concentration of 20%. 𝐵 contains 600 g of
saline solution with a salt concentration of 10% . 𝑥 g of solution is taken each from
𝐴 and 𝐵 separately, and then poured into the other solution simultaneously. It is found
that the resultant solutions in both 𝐴 and 𝐵 have the same concentration after mixing. Find
the value of 𝑥.

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Try These!

1. Before the avian flu hit, there were an equal number of oxen, sheep, horses and rabbits
in Mr Simmon’s farm. 3 farmers were heard chatting after the pandemic.

𝐴: 1 out of 5 oxen died.

𝐵: The number of sheep which survived is the same as the number of horses which
died.
$
𝐶: The number of rabbits which survived made up %! of all remaining livestock.

Find the ratio of the number of rabbits before the pandemic to that after the
pandemic.

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2. The area of the shaded region is given to be 25 cm2. Find the area of the ‘ring’, given
that 𝜋 = 3.14.

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