SPM State Trial Papers

Form 5 Chapter 1: Rate of Reaction

QUESTION 1 2013 SBP
Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show the apparatus set-up to investigate the factor that affects the rate
of reaction for Experiment I and Experiment II respectively.
Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi
kadar tindak balas masing-masing bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.

Table 5.1 and Table 5.2 show the results obtained from Experiment I and Experiment II respectively.
Jadual 5.1 dan jadual 5.2 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperoleh masing-masing daripada
eksperimen I dan eksperimen II.

Time (s)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Masa (s)
Volume of gas
released (cm)
0.00 6.50 12.50 17.80 23.50 27.20 31.80 35.00 35.00 35.00
Isi padu gas yang
terbebas (cm)

Table 5.1 / Jadual 5.1

SPMSureSkor.com 1
 Time (s)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Masa (s)
Volume of gas
released (cm)
0.00 8.50 15.50 21.00 26.80 31.50 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00
Isi padu gas yang
terbebas (cm)

Table 5.2 / Jadual 5.2

(a) (i) Name gas Y.

Namakan gas Y. [1 mark]

(ii) Describe a chemical test to verity gas Y.

Jelaskan satu ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan gas Y. [2 marks]

(b) (i) Calculate the average rate of reactions for Experiment I and Experiment II.
Hitung kadar tindak balas purata untuk tindak balas bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.

Experiment I:
Eksperimen I:

Experiment II:
Eksperimen II: [2 marks]

(ii) Compare the rate of reaction of Experiment I and Experiment II.

Bandingkan kadar tindak balas bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II. [1 mark]

(iii) Explain the answer in 5(b)(ii) with reference to the collision theory.
Terangkan jawapan di 5(b)(ii) dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran. [3 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph of volume of gas Y produced against time for both experiments on the same axis.
Lakar graf isi padu gas Y yang dihasilkan melawan masa bagi kedua-dua eksperimen di atas
paksi yang sama. [2 marks]

SPMSureSkor.com 2
Suggested Answer:

(a) (i) Hydrogen

(ii) Place / Insert a lighted splinter into a test tube. "Pop" sound produced.
(b) (i) Experiment I:
35
Average rate of reaction cm3s 1 0.25cm3s 1
140
Experiment II:
35
Average rate of reaction cm 3 s 1 0.29cm 3 s 1
120
(ii) Rate of reaction in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I.
(iii) In Experiment II:
1. Size of zinc is smaller // Total surface area of zinc in Experiment II is bigger.
2. Frequency of collision between zinc atom and hydrogen ion is higher.
3. Frequency of effective collisions between zinc atom and hydrogen ion is higher.
(c)

QUESTION 2 2014 SBP

Experiments I, II and III are carried out to investigate the factors affecting the rate of reaction. Table
6.1 shows the reactants and temperature used in each experiment.
Eksperimen I, II dan III dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak
balas. Jadual 6.1 menunjukkan bahan tindak balas dan suhu yang digunakan dalam setiap
eksperimen.

Experiment Reactants Temperature

Eksperimen Bahan Tindak Balas Suhu (C)
Excess zinc powder + 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
I 30
Serbuk zink berlebihan + 25 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3
Excess zinc powder + 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
II 40
Serbuk zink berlebihan + 25 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3
Excess zinc powder + 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid
III 30
Serbuk zink berlebihan + 25 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.1 mol dm-3

Table 6.1 / Jadual 6.1

SPMSureSkor.com 3
(a) Write the ionic equation for the reaction in Experiment I.
Tuliskan persamaan ion untuk tindak balas dalam Eksperimen I. [2 marks]

(b) Based on the experiments, state two factors that affect the rate of reaction.
Merujuk kepada eksperimen, nyatakan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.
[2 marks]

(c) Compare the rate of reaction between Experiments I and II. Explain the difference by using
collision theory.
Bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara Eksperimen I dan II. Terangkan perbezaan itu dengan
menggunakan teori perlanggaran. [4 marks]

(d) Diagram 6.2 shows the curve of the graph of total volume against time for Experiment I. Sketch
the curve obtained for Experiment III on the same axes.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan garis lengkung bagi graf jumlah isi padu gas melawan masa bagi
Eksperimen I. Lakarkan garis lengkung yang diperolehi bagi Eksperimen III pada paksi yang
sama. [1 mark]

(e) During a master chef competition, an apprentice found that a piece of meat is still not tender after
cooking for one hour.
Semasa satu pertandingan 'master chef, seorang pelatih mendapati ketulan daging yang dimasak
masih tidak lembut selepas satu jam.

SPMSureSkor.com 4
 State one method that should be taken to make the meat become tender in a shorter time. Explain
you answer.
Nyatakan satu kaedah yang boleh diambil supaya daging itu menjadi lembut dalam masa lebih
singkat. Terangkan jawapan anda. [2 marks]

Suggested Answer:

(a) Zn 2H Zn2 H 2
(b) Temperature and concentration
(c) 1. The rate of reaction in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I.
2. The temperature in Experiment II is higher.
3. The kinetic energy of hydrogen ions is higher.
4. The frequency of collision between zinc atoms and hydrogen ions is higher. // The frequency
of effective collision between zinc atoms and hydrogen ions is higher.
(d)

(e) 1. Cut the meat into smaller size.

2. Larger total surface area of meat will absorb more heat.
OR
3. Cook in pressure cooker.
4. High pressure in pressure cooker increase the temperature.

QUESTION 3 2015 PULAU PINANG

Experiment 1 is carried out to determine the rate of reaction between 25 cm 3 of 0.2 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid and excess zinc powder. Diagram 4 shows the apparatus set-up for Experiment 1.
Eksperimen 1 dijalankan untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas antara 25 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol
dm-3 dan serbuk zink berlebihan. Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi Eksperimen 1.

Diagram 4 / Rajah 4

SPMSureSkor.com 5
(a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas
released.
[Molar volume of gas at room conditions is 24 mol dm-3]
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isi padu maksimum gas hidrogen yang
terbebas.
[Isi padu molar gas pada keadaan bilik ialah 24 mol dm-3] [5 marks]

(b) The rate of reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid can be changed by using catalyst.
Kadar tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik dapat diubah dengan menggunakan
mangkin.

(i) Name one suitable catalyst that can be used in this reaction.
Namakan satu mangkin yang sesuai digunakan dalam tindak balas ini. [1 marks]

(ii) Draw the energy profile diagram for the reaction. Show in the diagram the activation energy
without the use of catalyst, Ea and with the use of catalyst, Ea .
Lukis gambarajah profil tenaga bagi tindak balas itu. Tunjukkan pada rajah tersebut tenaga
pengaktifan tanpa menggunakan mangkin, Ea dan dengan menggunakan mangkin, Ea '.
[4 marks]

(iii) Referring to the collision theory, explain how catalyst can affect the rate of the reaction.
Dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran, terangkan bagaimana mangkin boleh
mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas itu. [4 marks]

(iv) Catalysts are widely used in industries for the manufacturing of chemical based products. State
one chemical process and name the catalyst used in that industrial process.
Mangkin digunakan secara meluas dalam industri pembuatan produk berasaskan bahan kimia.
Nyatakan satu proses kimia dan nama mangkin yang digunakan dalam proses industri tersebut.
[2 marks]

(c) Experiment II is also carried out under the same conditions except using 10 cm 3 of 0.5 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid to replace 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid used in Experiment I.
Compare the rate of reaction and the maximum volume of hydrogen gas released for both of the
experiments. Explain your answer.
Eksperimen II dijalankan pada keadaan-keadaan yang sama kecuali menggunakan 10 cm3 asid
hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3 untuk menggantikan 25 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm-3 yang
digunakan dalam Eksperimen I. Bandingkan kadar tindak balas serta isi padu maksimum gas
hidrogen yang dibebaskan bagi kedua-dua eksperimen. Jelaskan jawapan anda. [4 marks]

Suggested Answer:

(a) 2HCI + Zn ZnCI2 + H2

0.2 25
No. of moles of HCI 0.005
1000
1
No. of moles of H2 No. of moles of HCI
2
= 0.0025
Volume of H2 = 0.0025 X 24 = 0.06 dm3

SPMSureSkor.com 6
 (b) (i) Copper (II) sulphate solution
(ii)

(iii) 1. Catalyst increases the rate of reaction

2. Copper(ll) sulphate / Catalyst lowers the activation energy // Copper(ll) sulphate /
Catalyst provides an alternative path with a lower activation energy
3. More zinc atoms and hydrogen ions are able to achieve the lower activation energy
4. The frequency of effective collision increases

(iv) 1. Haber process, iron

2. Contact process, vanadium(V) oxide
3. Ostwald process, platinum [Anyone]
(c) 1. Rate of reaction in Experiment II is higher than in Experiment I.
2. The concentration of hydrochloric acid / H+ ions used in Experiment II is higher than in
Experiment I.
3. The maximum volume of hydrogen gas released from both experiments is the same.
4. The number of moles of hydrochloric acid used in both experiments is the same.

QUESTION 4 2014 KEDAH MODUL 1

A group of pupils carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affecting the rate of reaction.
Table 8 shows information about the reaction in each experiment.
Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar
tindak balas. Jadual 8 menunjukkan maklumat yang digunakan dalam setiap eksperimen.

Experiment Reactants
Eksperimen Bahan Tindak Balas
I 60 cm3 of 0.25 mol dm -3 hydrogen peroxide solution
30 cm3 larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.5 mol dm -3
II 30 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm -3 hydrogen peroxide solution
30 cm3 larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.5 mol dm -3
III 30 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm -3 hydrogen peroxide solution + manganese (IV) oxide
30 cm3 larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.5 mol dm -3 + mangan (IV) oksida

Table 8 / Jadual 8

The graph in diagram 8 shows the results of these experiments.

Graf pada rajah 8 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut.

SPMSureSkor.com 7
(a) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I.
Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi eksperimen I. [2 marks]

(b) Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to oxygen gas and water. Sketch the energy profile diagram for
Experiment II and Experiment III on the same axes. Indicates clearly the activation energy for both
experiments.
Hidrogen peroksida terurai kepada gas oksigen dan air. Lakarkan gambar rajah profil tenaga bagi
Eksperimen II dan Eksperimen lll pada paksi yang sama. Tunjukkan dengan jelas tenaga
pengaktifan bagi setiap eksperimen. [4 marks]

(c) Based on Table 8 and Graph 8, compare the rate of reaction between:
Berdasarkan Jadual 8 dan Graf 8, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara:
Experiment I and Experiment II / Eksperimen I and Eksperimen II
Experiment II and Experiment III / Eksperimen II and Eksperimen III
In each case explain the difference rate of reaction with reference to the collision theory.
Terangkan perbezaan dalam kadar tindak balas bagi setiap kes dengan merujuk pada teori
pelanggaran. [10 marks]

(d) The chemical equation below shows the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan penguraian hidrogen peroksida.

2H 2O2 2H 2O O2

Calculate the maximum volume of oxygen gas produced in Experiment II.

Hitungkan isipadu maksimum gas oksigen yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen II.
[1 mole of gas occupied 24 dm -3 at room condition]
[1 mol gas menempati 24 dm -3 pada keadaan bilik] [4 marks]

SPMSureSkor.com 8
Suggested Answer:

(a) 50
Average rate = = 0.909 // 0.91 cm3 s-1
55
(b)

1. Y axis labeled energy

2. Both curve drawn correctly with label
3. Energy level labeled with reactant and products [a: exo or endo]
4. Activation energy labeled correctly
(c) Experiment I and Experiment II:
1. Rate of reaction of experiment II Is higher than experiment I.
2. Experiment II use higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide.
3. The number of Hydrogen peroxide molecules / reactant particles per unit volume in
experiment II is higher.
4. Frequency of collision between Hydrogen peroxide molecules of experiment II become
Higher.
5. Frequency of effective collision between Hydrogen peroxide molecules/reactant particles
of experiment II become higher.
Experiment II and Experiment III :
6. Rate of reaction of experiment III is higher than experiment II.
7. Catalyst that is Manganese (IV) oxide present in experiment III.
8. Manganese(IV) oxide lower the activation energy of the reaction in experiment III.
9. More colliding hydrogen peroxide molecules easily overcome the lower activation energy
in experiment III.
10. Frequency of effective collision between Hydrogen peroxide molecules of experiment III
become higher.
(d) 0.5 30
1. Number of mole of H 2O2 // 0.015
1000
2. 2 mole of H 2O2 produce 1 mole of O2
0.015
3. Number of mole of O2 // 0.0075
2
4. Volume of O2 = 0.0075 x 24 dm3 //0.18 dm3 //180 cm3 [r: answer without unit]

SPMSureSkor.com 9
QUESTION 5 2014 KEDAH MODUL 2
(a) A student carried out two experiments to investigate the effect of catalyst on the rate of reaction of
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Table 8 shows the result of the experiments.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan mangkin ke atas kadar
tindak balas pengaraian larutan hidrogen peroksida. Jadual 8 menunjukkan keputusan
eksperimen tersebut.

Experiment Reactant Time/s

Eksperimen Bahan tindak balas Masa/s
50 cm 3 of 0.05 mol dm -3 hydrogen peroxide solution
A 40
50 cm 3 larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.05 mol dm -3
50 cm 3 of 0.05 mol dm -3 hydrogen peroxide solution and 1g manganese
(IV) oxide
B 20
50 cm 3 larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.05 mol dm -3 dan 1g mangan(IV)
oksida

Table 8 / Jadual 8

(i) Write the equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solution.
Tuliskan persamaan bagi penguraian larutan hidrogen peroksida. [2 marks]

(ii) Sketch the graph of the volume of the gas liberated against time for Experiment A and Experiment
B on the same axes.
Lakarkan graf isipadu gas terbebas melawan masa pada paksi yang sama bagi Eksperimen A dan
Eksperimen B. [3 marks]

(iii) Explain briefly one method to manipulate another factor for experiment A in order to increase the
rate of reaction same as in experiment B and then give one application of that factor in everyday
life.
Terangkan secara ringkas satu kaedah untuk memanipulasikan faktor lain bagi eksperimen A
untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas sama seperti eksperimen B dan kemudian berikan satu
penggunaan faktor tersebut dalam kehidupan harian. [5 marks]

(iv) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus set- up used in the experiment.
Lukiskan gambar rajah berlabel bagi susunan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen tersebut.
[2 marks]

(c)(i) Compare the rate of reaction between Experiment A and Experiment B. Your explanation must
refer to the collision theory.
Bandingkan kadar tindak balas eksperimen A dan eksperimen B. Huraian anda mestilah
merujuk kepada teori pelanggaran. [5 marks]

(ii) Draw an energy profile diagram to show the effect of catalyst on the rate of decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide.
Lukiskan gambar rajah profil tenaga untuk menunjukkan kesan mangkin ke atas penguraian
hidrogen peroksida. [3 marks]

SPMSureSkor.com 10
Suggested Answer:

(a)(i) 2H 2O2 2H 2O O2
(ii)

(iii) 1. Increase the concentration of hydrogen peroxide

2. 0.1 mol dm-3 / any suitable higher concentration
3. Volume 25cm3 / any suitable volume to get that match the concentration
4. Any suitable application of concentration
5. How the application is used
(iv)

(c)(i) 1. Rate of reaction of experiment B is higher

2. The presence of catalyst in experiment B
3. The reaction through the alternative path // lower activation energy
4. More colliding particle can achieve the lower activation energy
5. Frequency of effective collision is higher
(ii)

SPMSureSkor.com 11
QUESTION 6 2015 PERLIS
A student carried out three sets of experiment to investigate the factors that affect the rate of reaction.
The time taken to collect 40 cm3 of hydrogen gas is recorded in Table 9.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan tiga set eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar
tindak balas. Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpul 40 cm3 gas hidrogen direkodkan dalam Jadual 9.

Time Taken To Collect

Temperature Of The
40 Cm3 Of Hydrogen Gas
Reactants Mixture
Set Masa Yang Diambil Untuk
Bahan Tindak Balas Suhu Campuran
Mengumpul 40 Cm3 Gas
(C)
Hydrogen/S
25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm -3 nitric acid
25 cm3 asid nitrik 0.2 mol dm -3
I + 30 90
Excess zinc powder
Serbuk zink berlebihan
25 cm3 of 0.4 mol dm -3 nitric acid
25 cm3 asid nitrik 0.4 mol dm -3
II + 30 55
Excess zinc powder
Serbuk zink berlebihan
25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm -3 nitric acid
25 cm3 asid nitrik 0.2 mol dm -3
III + 40 30
Excess zinc powder
Serbuk zink berlebihan

Table 9 / Jadual 9

(a) Zinc, Zn reacts with nitric acid, HNO3 to produce zinc nitrate, Zn(NO3 )2 and hydrogen gas, H2.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the maximum volume of
hydrogen gas produced in set 1.
[Relative atomic mass: Zn = 65; 1 mol of any gas occupies 24 dm3 mol-1 at room conditions]
Zink, Zn bertindak balas dengan asid nitrik, HNO3 menghasilkan zink nitrat, Zn(NO3)2 dan gas
hidrogen, H2. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isipadu
maksimum gas hidrogen yang dihasilkan dalam set 1.
[Jisim atom relatif: Zn = 65; 1 mol bagi sebarang gas menempati 24 dm3 mol-1 pada keadaan bilik]
[4 marks]

(b) Based on Table 9, compare the rates of reaction.

Berdasarkan Jadual 9, bandingkan kadar tindak balas.
(i) Between set I and set II // Antara set I dengan set II
(ii) Between set I and set III // Antara set I dengan set III
By referring to collision theory, explain your answer in 9(b)(i) or 9(b)(ii).
Dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran jawapan, terangkan jawapan anda di 9(b)(i) atau
9(b)(ii). [6 marks]

(c) Size of reactants and catalyst can also affect the rate of reaction between acid and zinc. Choose
one of these two factors and describe an experiment to show how this factor affects the rate of
reaction.

SPMSureSkor.com 12
 Mangkin dan saiz bahan tindak balas juga dapat mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara asid
dengan zink. Pilih satu daripada dua faktor ini dan huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menunjukkan
bagaimana faktor ini dapat mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. [10 marks]

Suggested Answer:

(a) Zn + 2HNO3 Zn (NO3)2 + H2

No. of moles of HNO3 = 0.2 X 25 = 0.005mol
1000
2 mol of HNO3 1 mol H2
0.005 mol 0.0025 mol H2
Max volume of H2 = 0.0025 X 24 = 0.06 dm3 = 60cm 3
(b) Rate of reaction set II higher than set I
(i) The concentration of nitric acid / HNO3 in set II higher than set I // No. of particles per unit
volume in set II is higher
Frequency of effective collision between hydrogen ions / H+ and zinc atom / Zn higher in set II
(ii) Rate of reaction set III higher than set I
The temperature in set III higher than set I // Kinetic energy of particles in set in is higher
Frequency of effective collision between hydrogen ions/ H+ and zinc atom / Zn higher in set II
(c) Size of Reactants:
1. (25-50) cm 3 of (0.1-1.0) mol dm3 of hydrochloric acid is measured and poured into a
conical flask.
2. About 5.0 g of zinc granules is weigh.
3. A burette is filled with water and inverted into a basin containing water.
4. The water level in the burette is adjusted to 50 cm mark.
5. The granulated zinc is added into the conical flask.
6. Immediately the conical flask is closed and connect it using delivery tube to the burette.
7. The stopwatch is started.
8. The conical flask is shaken steadily.
9. Record volume of hydrogen gas every 30 seconds interval.
10. The experiment is repeated using 5.0 g of zinc powder to replace 5.0 g of zinc granules.
Catalyst
1. (25-50) cm 3 of (0.1-1.0) mol dm3 of hydrochloric acid is measured and poured into a
conical flask.
2. About 5.0 g of zinc granules is weigh.
3. A burette is filled with water and inverted into a basin containing water.
4. The granulated zinc is added into the conical flask.
5. 5 cm 3 of 0.5 mol dm3 copper (II) sulphate solution is added into the Conical flask.
6. Immediately the conical flask is closed and connect it using delivery tube to the burette.
7. The stopwatch is started.
8. The conical flask is shaken steadily.
9. Record volume of hydrogen gas every 30 seconds interval.
10. The experiment is repeated without adding copper (II) sulphate Solution.

QUESTION 7 2015 KELANTAN

(a) A group of students carried out experiments to investigate the factor affecting the rate of reaction
between metal P and an acid Q.
Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan faktor yang
mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara logam P dan asid Q.

SPMSureSkor.com 13
 Table 9 shows the information about the reactants and the time taken to collect 30 cm 3 of
hydrogen gas.
Jadual P menunjukkan maklumat tentang bahan tindak balas dan masa diambil untuk mengumpul
30 cm 3 gas hidrogen.

Experiment Reactants Time Taken (s)

Eksperimen Bahan Tindak Balas Masa diambil (s)
Powdered metal P and 50 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm3 acid Q Serbuk
I 10
logam P dan 50 cm 3 asid Q 1.0 mol mol dm3
Powdered metal P and 100 cm 3 of 0.5 mol dm3 J acid Q
II 20
Serbuk logam P dan 100 cm 3 asid Q 0.5 mol dm3

Table 9 / Jadual 9

(i) Suggest the name of metal P and acid Q.

Cadangkan nama logam P dan asid Q. [2 marks]

(ii) By using the named metal P and acid Q. Write the chemical equation.
Menggunakan logam P dan asid Q yang dinamakan, tulis persamaan kimia. [4 marks]

(iii) Explain the difference in the rate of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II. Use the
collision theory in your explanation.
Terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas antara Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II. Gunakan
teori perlanggaran dalam penerangan anda. [4 marks]

(b) By using either size of reactant or temperature, describe an experiment how this factor affecting
the rate of reaction.
Dengan menggunakan faktor saiz bahan tindak balas atau suhu, huraikan satu eksperimen
bagaimana faktor berkenaan mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. [10 marks]

Suggested Answer:

(a) P : [mana-mana logam di alas Cu dalam SEK]

(i) Contoh:
Magnesium / Zink / Aluminium
[r: kalium / natrium]
Q: [mana-mana asid]
Contoh:
Asid hidroklorik / Asid sulfurik / Asid nitric
[a: asid lemah]
(ii) Mg + 2HC1 MgC12 + H2
(iii) Eksperimen I = 30 // 3 cm 3 S-1
10
Eksperimen II = 30 // 1.5 cm 3 S-1
20
1. Kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen I lebih tinggi berbanding eksperimen II.
2. Kepekalan asid dalam eksperimen I lebih tinggi berbanding eksperimen II. // Bilangan ion
hydrogen per unit isipadu dalam eksperimen I lebih tinggi berbanding eksperimen II.
3. Frekuensi perlanggaran antara ion hydrogen dan atom [P] dalam eksperimen I lebih tinggi
berbanding eksperimen II.

SPMSureSkor.com 14
 4. Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan antara zarah-zarah dalam eksperimen I lebih tinggi
berbanding eksperimen II.
(b) Saiz Bahan Tindak Balas
1. Isi sebuah besin dengan air.
2. Isi sebuah buret dengan air dan telangkupkan dalam besin.
3. Rekod bacaan awal buret.
4. Tuangkan [20-200 cm3] asid hidroklorik [0.1 - 2.0 mol dm-3] ke dalam sebuah kelalang
kon.
5. Tambah [0.5-5 g] ketulan zink // berlebihan.
6. Rekod bacaan buret pada sela masa 30 s/60 s // kumpul [isi padu tetap gas] dan rekod
masa diambil.
7. Ulang langkah 1-6 menggunakan serbuk zink dengan jisim yang sama.
8. ****Jadual
9. ****graf //
Eks. Serbuk zink
Kadar tindak balas = [isipadu gas]/masa = a Eks. Ketulan zink
Kadar tindak balas = [isipadu gas]/masa = b a>b
10. Kesimpulan: Kadar tindak balas menggunakan serbuk zink lebih tinggi.
Suhu
1. Isi sebuah besin dengan air.
2. Isi sebuah buret dengan air dan telangkupkan dalam besin.
3. Rekod bacaan awal buret.
4. Tuangkan [20-200 cm3] asid hidroklorik [0.1 -2 0 mol dm-3] ke dalam sebuah kelalang
kon.
5. Rekodkan suhu asid.
6. Tambah [0.5-5 g] ketulan zink // berlebihan.
7. Rekod bacaan buret pada sela masa 30 s/60 s // kumpul [isi padu tetap gas] dan rekod
masa diambil.
8. Ulang langkah 1-6 menggunakan asid hidroklorik yang dipanaskan pada suhu.
[> 30"C] dengan mengekalkan jisim zink, isipadu dan kepekatan asid.
9. ****Jadual
10. ****graf //
Eks. Serbuk zink
Kadar tindak balas = [isipadu gas]/masa = a
Eks. Ketulan zink
Kadar tindak balas = [isipadu gas]/masa = b
a>b
11. Kesimpulan: Kadar tindak balas menggunakan serbuk zink lebih tinggi.

QUESTION 8 2015 KEDAH MODUL 2

Table 10 shows the results of three sets of experiments to investigate the factors that affect the rate
of reaction. 50 cm3 of carbon dioxide gas is collected in each experiment.
Jadual 10 menunjukkan keputusan bagi tiga set eksperimen untuk menyiasat faktor yang
mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. 50 cm3 gas karbon dioksida dikumpulkan dalam setiap
eksperimen.

SPMSureSkor.com 15
 Time Taken To Collect
Temperature
Experiments Reactants Gas/s
Suhu
Eksperimen Bahan Tindak Balas Masa Yang Diambil Untuk
C
Mengumpulkan Gas/s
50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid +
excess marble chips 50 cm3
I 28 240
Asid nitrik 1.0 mol dm-3 + serpihan
marmar berlebihan
50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid +
excess powdered marble chips 50
II cm3 28 60
Asid nitrik 1.0 mol dm-3 + serbuk
marmar berlebihan
50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid +
excess marble chips
III 40 150
50 cm3 asid nitrik 1.0 mol dm-3 +
serpihan marmar berlebihan

Table 10 / Jadual 10

(a) Nitric acid reacts with marble chips to produce calcium nitrate, carbon dioxide gas and water.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the maximum volume of carbon
dioxide gas produced in experiment I.
[Relative atomic mass: C = 12, Ca = 40; 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm 3 at room conditions]
Asid nitrik bertindak balas dengan serpihan marmar untuk menghasilkan kalsium nitrat, gas
karbon dioksida dan air. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindakbalas itu dan hitung
isipadu maksimum gas karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan dalam eksperimen I.
[Jisim atom relatif: C = 12, Ca = 40; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]
[5 marks]
(b) Based on table 10, compare the rate of reaction between:
Berdasarkan Jadual 10. bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara:
Experiment I and experiment II / Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II
Experiment I dan Experiment III / Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen III
In each case explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to the collision theory.
Bagi setiap kes terangkan perbezaan dalam kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk kepada teori
perlanggaran. [6 marks]

(c) Catalyst can be used to increase the rate of reaction between metal and acid. By using a suitable
named of metal and acid, describe an experiment to show how catalyst affects the rate of
reaction.
Mangkin boleh digunakan untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas antara logam dan asid.
Dengan menggunakan satu logam, asid dan mangkin yang dinamakan, huraikan satu
eksperimen untuk menunjukkan bagaimana mangkin boleh mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.
[9 marks]

SPMSureSkor.com 16
Suggested Answer:

(a) CaCO33+ 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H 2O

Number of mole HNO3 = (50 X 0.1) / 1000
= 0.5 mol
2 mol HNO3 : 1 mol CO2
Number of mol of CO2 produced = 0.05 / 2
= 0.025 mol
Maximum volume of CO2 = 0.025 X 24
= 0.6 dm3
= 600cm3
(b) (i)
- The rate of reaction of Experiment II higher than Experiment I
- Powdered marble chip has higher Total Surface Area that exposed to collision with
hydrogen ions
- So, the frequency of collisions is higher
- So, the frequency of effective collisions is higher
(ii)
- The rate of reaction of Experiment III higher than Experiment I
- The temperature in experiment III is higher than experiment I
- The kinetic energy of reactants/hydrogen ions is higher the reactants move faster
- So, the frequency of collisions between hydrogen ions and calcium carbonate is higher
- So, the frequency of effective collisions is higher
(c) Zinc magnesium
Nitric acid hydrochloric acid sulphuric acid
Catalyst: copper(II) sulphate
1. Fill a burette with water, invert into a basin with water, clamp with retort stand, adjust the
meniscus to 50 cm3.
2. 50cm3 of 1.0 mol dm nitric acid is poured into a conical flask.
3. Excess zinc magnesium granules are added into the acid.
4. A stopper with delivery tube is immediately connected to collect the gas released
(consider diagram if any).
5. Start the stop watch the time taken to collect 50 cm3 of gas is recorded.
6. Step 1 to 5 are repeated by adding copper (II) sulphate in step 2.
7. The present of catalyst copper (II) sulphate will increase the rate of reaction reduced tune
taken to collect 50 cm' of gas.

SPMSureSkor.com 17