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2 UNDERSTANDING PRESSURE
2.1 ANALYSING LINEAR MOTION
IN LIQUID
1 (a) The tea level is high above the tap. The tea exert
1. AB a high pressure at the tap.
Motion : Constant acceleration
Displacement : 2.4 + 4.0 + 5.6 = 12.0 cm (b) When there is very little tea, the pressure exerted
Average velocity : 12.0 cm = 40 cm s-1 on the tap by the tea is very small. If the
3 x 0.1 s container is tilted, the tea level above the tap
Acceleration : u = 2.4 = 24 cm s-1 increases and hence the liquid pressure
0.1 increases.
v = 5.6 = 56 cm s-1
0.1
2 (a) Pressure = h ρ g
A = 56 – 24 = 160 cm s-2 = 8000 x 1025 x 10
2 x 0.1 = 8.2 x 107 Pa
_____________________________________________ 1.
Water from tap
-1
2. u = 30 m s , v= 0 , t = 6 s, s = ?
Using s = ½ ( u + v)t
s = ½ (30 + 0)6
= 90 m
The obstacle is 10 m from the car. sprinkler
2.2 Mastery
(i) Water flows in from the top.
1. Pave the soft ground with wooden planks of large (ii) The water column above the sprinkler exerts
pressure to the sprinkles.
surface area. (iii) The pressure forces the water sprinkling
out .
This will increase the area of contact. (iv) The higher the water column, the bigger the
When the area of contact increases, pressure pressure.
decreases.
1. (i) The air molecules in the tyre are in random 1. (a) Pascal’s Principle states that pressure applied to
motion.
an enclosed liquid is transmitted equally to
(ii) They collide all over the inner surface of the every part of the liquid.
tyre and among themselves.
W2 W1 A1 W1
(b) = therefore =
(iii) The collisions result in a change of momentum A2 A1 A2 W2
and produce force.
1
(iv) The force hence creates the gas pressure. W2 1
=3 =
W2 3
2. Pressure of gas X A1 : A2 = 1 : 3
= Atmospheric pressure + 10 cm Hg
= 76 cm Hg +10 cm Hg
= 86 cm Hg 2. Pressure at the slave cylinder
=Pressure at the master cylinder
100
=
π (0.4) 2
3.3 Challenge Yourself pg 91
625
= N cm −1
π
1. (a) (i) Air inside the hose is being pumped out.
(ii) Pressure inside the hose is reduced. Force at each slave cylinder = pressure x area
(iii) Atmospheric pressure outside is higher. 625
(iv) Atmospheric pressure then forces the = (π )(1.6)2
π
water to rise up in the hose and flow out = 1600 N
of the well.