Configuring DHCP

Benefits of Using DHCP

DHCP
DHCP reduces
reduces the
the complexity
complexity and
and amount
amount of
of administrative
administrative work
work
by
by using
using automatic
automatic TCP/IP
TCP/IP configuration
configuration

Manual TCP/IP Configuration Automatic TCP/IP Configuration

• IP addresses are entered • IP addresses are supplied

manually
• IP address could be entered
incorrectly
• Communication and network
issues can result
• Frequent computer moves
increase administrative effort
automatically
• Correct configuration
information is ensured
• Client configuration is updated
automatically
• A common source of network
problems is eliminated
New DHCP Features in Windows Server 2008

New DHCP features include:

• Windows Server 2008 Support for DHCPv6

• Support for advanced network security

configuration using NAP

• DHCP on Server Core

How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses

DHCP Client2:
Non-DHCP Client: IP configuration
Static IP from DHCP server
configuration

Lease Renewal

Lease Generation

DHCP Server

DHCP Client1: DHCP

IP configuration Database
from DHCP server
IP Address1: Leased to DHCP Client1
IP Address2: Leased to DHCP Client2
IP Address3: Available to be leased
How DHCP Lease Generation Works
DHCP
Server2

DHCP DHCP
Server1 Client

1 DHCP client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER packet

2 DHCP servers broadcast a DHCPOFFER packet

3 DHCP client broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST packet

4 DHCP Server1 broadcasts a DHCPACK packet

How DHCP Lease Renewal Works

DHCP
DHCP
DHCP
Server2
Server2
Server2

DHCP Client
DHCP
DHCP Client
Client
DHCP
DHCP
DHCP
Server1
Server1
Server1

50%
100%
87.5%
50% ofof
of lease
of lease
lease
87.5%
50% of
duration of lease
has
duration
lease
duration
lease
duration has
duration
has
duration
has
expired
expired
has
expired
expired
has
expired
expired

11 DHCP Client
1 DHCP
DHCP client sends
Client sends aa DHCPREQUEST
DHCPREQUEST packet packet
If
If the
the client
client fails
fails to
to renew
renew it’s
its
its lease,
lease, after
lease, after 50%
after 87.5%
50% of
of of
the
thethe
lease
lease
lease
duration
has
duration has expired, then the DHCP lease renewal process will
expired,
has then
expired,
the then
DHCP the
lease
DHCPgeneration
lease renewal
process process
starts will
begin
over2
begin DHCP
again
again
DHCP Server1
with
aftera
Server1
again Server1
22 DHCP 87.5%
DHCP sends
client
sends
after 87.5%
sendsof aa
the
of athe DHCPACK
DHCPACK packet
broadcasting
lease durationa
packet
lease duration
DHCPACK DHCPDISCOVER
has expired
packet has expired
 DHCP Server Authorization
DHCP
DHCP authorization
authorization is
is the
the process
process of
of registering
registering the
the DHCP
DHCP Server
Server service
service
in
in the
the Active
Active Directory
Directory domain
domain to
to support
support DHCP
DHCP clients
clients

If DHCP
DHCP Server1
Server1 checks
finds with
its IPthe
address
domain
controller
on the list,tothe
obtain
service
a list
starts
of authorized
and
DHCP servers
supports DHCP clients

Domain
Domain
Controller
Controller DHCP
DHCP Server1
Server1

Authorized
Active
Active Services DHCP
Directory
Directory requests

DHCP
DHCP Server2
Server2
DHCP
DHCP Client
Client
Unauthorized
Does not service
If DHCP
DHCP Server2
Server2
checks
does with
not find
the its IP DHCP requests
DHCP client receives IP address
domain controller
address on the list,tothe
obtain
service
a list
does
of not
from authorized DHCP Server1
authorized
start and support
DHCP servers
DHCP clients
What Are DHCP Scopes?
A
A scope
scope is
is aa range
range of
of IP
IP addresses
addresses that
that are
are available
available to
to be
be
leased
leased

DHCP
DHCP Server
Server

LAN A LAN B

Scope
Scope A
A Scope
Scope B
B

Scope Properties

• Network ID • Lease duration • Scope name

• Subnet mask • Network IP • Exclusion range

address range
What Are DHCP Options?
DHCP
DHCP options
options are
are values
values for
for common
common configuration
configuration data
data that
that
applies
applies to
to the
the server,
server, scopes,
scopes, reservations,
reservations, and
and
class
class options
options

Common scope options are:

• DNS Servers

• DNS Name

• Default Gateway
• WINS Servers
• WINS Servers
What Is a DHCP Reservation?
A
A reservation
reservation is
is aa specific
specific IP
IP address,
address, within
within aa scope,
scope, that
that is
is
reserved
reserved permanently
permanently forfor lease
lease to
to aa specific
specific DHCP
DHCP client
client

Workstation 1 File and Print

Server

Subnet
Subnet A
A Subnet
Subnet B
B

DHCP Server
Workstation 2

IP Address1: Leased to Workstation 1

IP Address2: Leased to Workstation 2
IP Address3: Reserved for File and Print
Server
How a DHCP Database Is Backed Up and Restored
DHCP Offline
Server Storage
Restore

DHCP

Back up Restore

DHCP Back up

In the
If the original
event that
database
the server
is unable
hardware
to load,
fails,
thethe
DHCP service
The administrator
DHCP service automatically
moves a copy backsof theupbacked
the DHCP
up DHCP
automatically restores
administrator can restore
from only
thefrom
backup
the directory
offline storage
on the
database to an theoffline
backup storage
directory
location
on the local drive
local drive
location
Moving a DHCP Database

DHCP
Database

Backup
Media

DHCP
Database
Old DHCP
Server

New DHCP
Server