MOBILE IP

Mobile IP is the underlying technology for support of various mobile data

and wireless networking applications.
It is designed by IETF.
 Why Mobile IP ?
Need a protocol
Protocol to enable mobility must not require
massive changes to router software, etc.
Must be compatible IPv4 networks/hosts.
Confine changes to mobile hosts and a few
support hosts
Just hacking DNS won’t work
– DNS updates take time
– Hooks for normal users to update DNS won’t be
accepted by administrators.
– After DNS lookup, raw IP address is used by TCP,
UDP.
 Mobile IP Operation
→Sending and Receiving Packets
→Discovering the care-of Address
→Registering the care-of address
→Tunneling to the care-of address
→Deregistering the care-of address
 IP within IP Tunnling
New IP Header
IP Header Old IP Header
IP Payload IP Payload

Version IHL Type of Total length

service
Identification Flag Fragment Offset

TTL(home Count) Protocol Checksum Header

Source Address

Destination Address

Options Padding
 Roles of Mobile IP

• The Foreign Agent

• The Home Agent

• The Mobile Node

 Routing in Mobile IP
Corresponding Triangular Routing
Node
Packet from mobile
CN

Global Packet to mobile

Internet
Mobile
Node

Home
Network
Visited
Network Home Agent

Foreign Agent
Mobile IP forward tunnel
Care of Address
 Routing in Mobile IP
Corresponding Reverse Routing
Node
Packet from mobile
CN

Global Packet to mobile

Internet
Mobile
Node

Home
Network
Visited
Network Home Agent

Foreign Agent
Mobile IP forward & reverse
Care of Address tunnel
 Security
Bogus registration
????

Send Packet To ME

Evil
Thing

Home Agent

Registration Request
 Security
Replay Attack

????
Home Agent
diges
t

Captured Registration is
retransmitted
 Issues with Mobile IP
Inefficient Routing

Mobile node and correspondent node are on

the same sub-network.
packets in Mobile IP to mobile host are
routed through Home Agent.
packets travel a longer path
Routing in Mobile IP is asymmetric and is
termed as triangular routing
Mobile Node to any Internet host can be
routed directly but all the packets to Mobile
Node go through Home agent. 
 ARP Resolution

→ IP is logical address for communication link level

address is required.
→ Link level Address is also Called MAC Address.
→ IP addresses are resolved into physical address
using ARP (Address Resolution Protocol).
→ To resolve the problem of ARP uses two Cases
I. Proxy ARP
II.Gratuitous ARP
 Ingress Filtering

→Mobile IP results in triangular routing .

→Many Firewalls deploy ingress filtering.
→If the reply path is not same then packet
will be Drop So answer Of this problem is
Reverse tunneling.
→The mobile Node are tunneled back to
Home Agent after Foreign Agent receives
them.
 Abbreviations and Concepts

3GPP 3GPP2 AAA

BGP CDMA 2000 DIAMETER

DHCP DMZ FA

FW
THANK YOU