Questions to ask yourself before you write:

 What's special, unique, distinctive, and/or impressive about you or your life story?
 What details of your life (personal or family problems, history, people or events that
have shaped you or influenced your goals) might help the committee better understand
you or help set you apart from other applicants?
 When did you become interested in this field and what have you learned about it (and
about yourself) that has further stimulated your interest and reinforced your conviction
that you are well suited to this field? What insights have you gained?
 How have you learned about this field—through classes, readings, seminars, work or
other experiences, or conversations with people already in the field?
 If you have worked a lot during your college years, what have you learned (leadership
or managerial skills, for example), and how has that work contributed to your growth?
 What are your career goals?
 Are there any gaps or discrepancies in your academic record that you should explain
(great grades but mediocre LSAT or GRE scores, for example, or a distinct upward
pattern to your GPA if it was only average in the beginning)?
 Have you had to overcome any unusual obstacles or hardships (for example,
economic, familial, or physical) in your life?
 What personal characteristics (for example, integrity, compassion, and/or persistence)
do you possess that would improve your prospects for success in the field or
profession? Is there a way to demonstrate or document that you have these
characteristics?
 What skills (for example, leadership, communicative, analytical) do you possess?
 Why might you be a stronger candidate for graduate school—and more successful and
effective in the profession or field than other applicants?
 What are the most compelling reasons you can give for the admissions committee to
be interested in you?

General advice

Answer the questions that are asked

 If you are applying to several schools, you may find questions in each application that
are somewhat similar.
 Don't be tempted to use the same statement for all applications. It is important to
answer each question being asked, and if slightly different answers are needed, you
should write separate statements. In every case, be sure your answer fits the question
being asked.

Tell a story

 Think in terms of showing or demonstrating through concrete experience. One of the

worst things you can do is to bore the admissions committee. If your statement is
fresh, lively, and different, you'll be putting yourself ahead of the pack. If you
distinguish yourself through your story, you will make yourself memorable.

Be specific
  Don't, for example, state that you would make an excellent doctor unless you can back
it up with specific reasons. Your desire to become a lawyer, engineer, or whatever
should be logical, the result of specific experience that is described in your statement.
Your application should emerge as the logical conclusion to your story.

Find an angle

 If you're like most people, your life story lacks drama, so figuring out a way to make it
interesting becomes the big challenge. Finding an angle or a "hook" is vital.

Concentrate on your opening paragraph

 The lead or opening paragraph is generally the most important. It is here that you grab
the reader's attention or lose it. This paragraph becomes the framework for the rest of
the statement.

Tell what you know

 The middle section of your essay might detail your interest and experience in your
particular field, as well as some of your knowledge of the field. Too many people
graduate with little or no knowledge of the nuts and bolts of the profession or field
they hope to enter. Be as specific as you can in relating what you know about the field
and use the language professionals use in conveying this information. Refer to
experiences (work, research, etc.), classes, conversations with people in the field,
books you've read, seminars you've attended, or any other source of specific
information about the career you want and why you're suited to it. Since you will have
to select what you include in your statement, the choices you make are often an
indication of your judgment.

Don't include some subjects

 There are certain things best left out of personal statements. For example, references to
experiences or accomplishments in high school or earlier are generally not a good
idea. Don't mention potentially controversial subjects (for example, controversial
religious or political issues).

Do some research, if needed

 If a school wants to know why you're applying to it rather than another school, do
some research to find out what sets your choice apart from other universities or
programs. If the school setting would provide an important geographical or cultural
change for you, this might be a factor to mention.

Write well and correctly

 Be meticulous. Type and proofread your essay very carefully. Many admissions
officers say that good written skills and command of correct use of language are
important to them as they read these statements. Express yourself clearly and
concisely. Adhere to stated word limits.
Avoid clichés

 A medical school applicant who writes that he is good at science and wants to help
other people is not exactly expressing an original thought. Stay away from often-
repeated or tired statements.

Statement #1

My interest in science dates back to my years in high school, where I excelled in physics,
chemistry, and math. When I was a senior, I took a first-year calculus course at a local college
(such an advanced-level class was not available in high school) and earned an A. It seemed
only logical that I pursue a career in electrical engineering.

When I began my undergraduate career, I had the opportunity to be exposed to the full range
of engineering courses, all of which tended to reinforce and solidify my intense interest in
engineering. I've also had the opportunity to study a number of subjects in the humanities and
they have been both enjoyable and enlightening, providing me with a new and different
perspective on the world in which we live.

In the realm of engineering, I have developed a special interest in the field of laser technology
and have even been taking a graduate course in quantum electronics. Among the 25 or so
students in the course, I am the sole undergraduate. Another particular interest of mine is
electromagnetics, and last summer, when I was a technical assistant at a world-famous local
lab, I learned about its many practical applications, especially in relation to microstrip and
antenna design. Management at this lab was sufficiently impressed with my work to ask that I
return when I graduate. Of course, my plans following completion of my current studies are to
move directly into graduate work toward my master's in science. After I earn my master's
degree, I intend to start work on my Ph.D. in electrical engineering. Later I would like to work
in the area of research and development for private industry. It is in R & D that I believe I can
make the greatest contribution, utilizing my theoretical background and creativity as a
scientist.

I am highly aware of the superb reputation of your school, and my conversations with several
of your alumni have served to deepen my interest in attending. I know that, in addition to your
excellent faculty, your computer facilities are among the best in the state. I hope you will give
me the privilege of continuing my studies at your fine institution.

(Stelzer pp. 38-39)

Statement #2

Having majored in literary studies (world literature) as an undergraduate, I would now like to
concentrate on English and American literature.

I am especially interested in nineteenth-century literature, women's literature, Anglo-Saxon

poetry, and folklore and folk literature. My personal literary projects have involved some
combination of these subjects. For the oral section of my comprehensive exams, I specialized
in nineteenth century novels by and about women. The relation ship between "high" and folk
literature became the subject for my honors essay, which examined Toni Morrison's use of
classical, biblical, African, and Afro-American folk tradition in her novel. I plan to work
further on this essay, treating Morrison's other novels and perhaps preparing a paper suitable
for publication.

In my studies toward a doctoral degree, I hope to examine more closely the relationship
between high and folk literature. My junior year and private studies of Anglo-Saxon language
and literature have caused me to consider the question of where the divisions between
folklore, folk literature, and high literature lie. Should I attend your school, I would like to
resume my studies of Anglo-Saxon poetry, with special attention to its folk elements.

Writing poetry also figures prominently in my academic and professional goals. I have just
begun submitting to the smaller journals with some success and am gradually building a
working manuscript for a collection. The dominant theme of this collection relies on poems
that draw from classical, biblical, and folk traditions, as well as everyday experience, in order
to celebrate the process of giving and taking life, whether literal or figurative. My poetry
draws from and influences my academic studies. Much of what I read and study finds a place
in my creative work as subject. At the same time, I study the art of literature by taking part in
the creative process, experimenting with the tools used by other authors in the past.

In terms of a career, I see myself teaching literature, writing criticism, and going into editing
or publishing poetry. Doctoral studies would be valuable to me in several ways. First, your
teaching assistant ship program would provide me with the practical teaching experience I am
eager to acquire. Further, earning a Ph.D. in English and American literature would advance
my other two career goals by adding to my skills, both critical and creative, in working with
language. Ultimately, however, I see the Ph.D. as an end in itself, as well as a professional
stepping stone; I enjoy studying literature for its own sake and would like to continue my
studies on the level demanded by the Ph.D. program.

Writing the Personal Statement: Top 10 Rules

1. Strive for depth rather than breadth. Narrow focus to one or two key themes, ideas or
experiences
2. Try to tell the reader something that no other applicant will be able to say
3. Provide the reader with insight into what drives you
4. Be yourself, not the 'ideal' applicant
5. Get creative and imaginative in the opening remarks, but make sure it's something that no
one else could write
6. Address the school's unique features that interest you
7. Focus on the affirmative in the personal statement; consider an addendum to explain
deficiencies or blemishes
8. Evaluate experiences, rather than describe them
9. Proofread carefully for grammar, syntax, punctuation, word usage, and style
10. Use readable fonts, typeface, and conventional spacing and margins

Writing the Personal Statement: Top 10 Pitfalls

1. Do not submit an expository resume; avoid repeating information found elsewhere on the
application
2. Do not complain or whine about the "system" or circumstances in your life
3. Do not preach to your reader. You can express opinions, but do not come across as fanatical
or extreme
4. Do not talk about money as a motivator
5. Do not discuss your minority status or disadvantaged background unless you have a
compelling and unique story that relates to it
6. Do not remind the school of its rankings or tell them how good they are
7. Do not use boring clichéd intros or conclusions
o "Allow me to introduce myself. My name is..."
o "This question asks me to discuss..."
o "I would like to thank the admissions committee for considering my application."
o "It is my sincere hope that you will grant me the opportunity to attend your fine
school."
o "In sum, there are three reasons why you should admit me..."
8. Do not use unconventional and gimmicky formats and packages
9. Do not submit supplemental materials unless they are requested
10. Do not get the name of the school wrong
11. Do not incorporate technical language or very uncommon words

Re: Medical Clerkship

Dear Madam or Sir,
I am a 4th year medical student at Mainz University in Germany. I would like to apply for
an elective period (one month) at Banting University Medical School, preferably in the
paediatrics department.
The clinical subjects that I studied during the last three semesters were the physical
examination of patients, emergency medicine, general pathology, clinical chemistry,
pharmacology, microbiology, public hygiene, industrial medicine, forensic science, and
internal medicine.
Paediatrics is, however, my preferred branch because it includes nearly all major medical
fields, and, besides, I enjoy working with children. I have already gained more than
average experience in this area, having worked in the University's paediatrics department
as a part-time auxiliary nurse since November 2002. I have already completed elective
periods in gynaecology and obstetrics at another Mainz hospital (Hildegardis Hospital),
where I attended and assisted at several births.
As I am seriously considering specializing in paediatrics after I qualify as an M.D., I am
keenly interested in acquiring more theoretical knowledge and practical skills in this area,
especially in the taking of medical histories and nursing care. I would hope to being given
the opportunity to learn a great deal from clinical staff at Banting University Medical
School, helping with history taking and P.E., also being present at rounds and when
various medical procedures are performed. In addition, I would hope to be able to take
part in appropriate programmes of further education, should these be on offer.
It might be appropriate to mention that I am reasonably familiar with laboratory work.
Experimental work is required for my doctoral thesis which is under way at the institute of
human genetics.
It is my hope learn more about medical education and health care systems in other
countries, and to experience other methods of hospital organisation and provision of
medical care. Canada is my first choice as a foreign country for my clerkship, both
because fellwo students have spoken very highly of medical education there, and because
I visited Canada in summer 1996 and fell in love with the country. I am very eager to
return, if possible, this summer.
I enclose a curriculum vitae and a reference from the Dean of the Mainz University
Medical School. Please contact me if you require any further details or documents (e.g.
certificates for courses I passed). I hope to hear from you in the near future.
Yours faithfully,
Pre nego što počnete da pišete prvu verziju, razmislite malo o sebi, svojim ciljevima i svojim
znanjima. Možete početi tako što ćete navesti svoje ciljeve u uvodu. Oblikujte razradu
rukovodeći se prethodnim napomenama. Počnite od činjenica - studija, šta i gde studirate i
kako se to može uklopiti u program.

U drugom delu biste mogli navesti vaše profesionalne ciljeve i njihovu vezu sa vašim
studijama. Navedite, ukoliko imate, vaš dugoročni plan, i naznačite kako bi program mogao
da se uklopi u sve to. Cilj SP-a jeste da se predstavite kao jedinstvena osoba, upravo onakva
kakvu bi oni želeli u svom programu, tako da dobro razmislite kako će izgledati vaš Statement
of Purpose.

Struktura SP-a nije tako komplikovana, i to ne bi trebalo da vas mnogo brine. Niko neće
od vas očekivati da zadovoljite određenu formu pisanja, kao što se to očekuje prilikom pisanja
CV-a. Pišite jasno i logično, nemojte preterivati navodeći svoje ciljeve. Male laži jesu
dozvoljene, ali vi ste ipak student i niko od vas ne očekuje listu visoko postavljenih ciljeva.

Zapamtite, da će vaš SP biti jedan od stotinu koje selekciona komisija treba da pročita, tako
da dobro pregledajte SP pre nego što ga pošaljete. Jedna od strategija može biti da nakon
pisanja prve verzije, nakon nekoliko dana napišete još jedan SP i onda probajte da objektivno
ocenite oba pisma i zatim upoređujući ih, napišete najbolju verziju.

How to write a motivation letter

The Cover Letter (CL) is the document that accompanies your CV when you are applying for
a job. For academic purposes, the document used is typically called statement of purpose, and
is laid out after somewhat different rules. The CL is short (200-250 words), with a quite rigid
structure and has the layout of a letter. Its goal is to introduce the CV, to bring to attention
aspects of your activity that can help your application and are not listed or not presented in the
proper light in the CV. In short, its goal is to answer the recruiter's question: "Why should I
hire this person?".

Layout. The layout is that of a formal business letter: your address and contact details come
under your name, in the upper right corner of the page. Underneath, aligned left, write the
name, function, organisation and address of the person you are writing to. It is a lot better to
know the name of the person who is going to read your letter. You should address the letter
directly to him or her. In the case you do not know the name, an email, a little digging in the
net or a phone call should help you get that name, in case it is not mentioned in the official
announcement. Under the receiver's address, but aligned right, write the date of the day when
you are writing the letter. You should spell the name of the month and use four digits for the
year. You can put in front of the date the location, like Sofia, 2nd December 2000.

If you do know the name of the addressee, start with Dear Mr (Mister), Ms (Miss), Mrs
(Mistress), Dr (Doctor), without the full stop that you might expect to follow the abbreviation,
and the surname of the addressee, followed by comma (Dear Dr Smith,). In this case, you
should end the letter with the salutation Yours sincerely. If you do not know the name, start
with Dear Sirs, or Dear Sir or Madam and close with Yours faithfully. In American business
correspondence, Yours truly is acceptable in both cases. Do not start the body of the mail with
a capital letter, since it follows a comma.

Structure. Ideally, a cover letter has no more than four paragraphs. The goal of the first is to
specify what you are applying for and how did you find out about that opportunity. The last
one outlines your availability for an interview, suggesting in this way a concrete follow-up for
your application.

The second paragraph should list your skills and qualifications that make you the right person
for the position you are applying for. Read carefully the announcement, identify the
requirements and see how your skills match those required. Do not simply state you have
them, prove it. Ideally, you should start from your experience and show how you have
developed those qualifications by doing what you have been doing/learning. Same as in the
case of your CV, the result should portrait you as an independent, creative person that can
take initiative and deal with responsibilities, apart from the specific skills needed for the job.
In short, the second paragraph should show why you are good for the job.

The third should point out why you want it. You should outline your interest for the skills you
are going to learn if you get the job. The impression left should be that you can make a
genuine contribution to the company's operations, while simultaneously deriving satisfaction
from your work.

After the fourth paragraph leave a blank space, same as you should do in the beginning, after
the salutation (Dear). Write the proper closing, as described above and your name. Do not
forget to leave a blank space between the closing and your name and to sign the letter in that
space.

Enclosure. It is customary for formal letters to mention whether you have enclosed any
documents accompanying the letter. Simply mention enclosure, or write curriculum vitae
under the heading enclosure at the end of the letter.

Print the letter on A4 white paper same as that on which your CV was printed, and put both
documents in an A4 envelope of matching color. If you are emailing it request a notification
that your documents have been received. Wait at least two weeks since the day you sent your
application or after the deadline before writing again in the case you did not get any answer.

Job application advice : Power words

More in this section

1. Selling your skills

2. Application forms
3. Example questions
4. Online applications
5. Speculative job applic…
6. Power words
7. Common mistakes
8. Contacts and resources
Print all pages in this section

Recruiters have to trawl through many applications, including some that seem
indistinguishable and unremarkable. Help them to find what they want by using direct,
positive and appropriate language in your application. Know your audience.

Subheadings and bullets

Subheadings and bullet points are used in both CVs and personal statements and allow the
reader to pick up the information with ease.

If possible, reflect the employer’s terms in the headings.

Make the first word in a bullet point an active verb such as ‘organised’, or ‘delivered’.

Be positive

When writing in the first person on application forms, be positive and affirmative.

Avoid saying: ‘I feel that I am a good communicator’, or: ‘I believe in diversity and equal
opportunities.’ Say rather: ‘I am a good communicator’, and: ‘I am committed to diversity and
equal opportunities.’

Do not invite the employer to question the strength of your skills.

Themed paragraphs

On application forms, use themed paragraphs. Do not intertwine separate criteria in the same
paragraph - the recruiter may miss one of your points.

Revise and edit

Revise and edit your text so that it is clear, precise and convincing. That way, the employer is
more likely to understand the message you want to put across.

Words to use

These words and phrases may be useful in job applications:

Experience

 Demonstrated skills in…

 Extensive academic/practical background in…
 Experienced in all aspects of…
 Knowledge of/experienced as/proficient in…
 Provided technical assistance to…
Ability

 Trained in…
 Proficient in/competent at…
 Initially employed to…
 Expert at…
 Working knowledge of…
 Coordinated…
 Organised…

Success

 Promoted to…
 Succeeded in…
 Proven track record in…
 Experience involved/included…
 Successful in/at…
 Instrumental in…
 Delivered…

Responsibilities

 In charge of…
 Supervised/delegated…
 Now involved in/coordinate…
 Familiar with…
 Employed to/handle…
 Assigned to…
 Project managed…

Roles

 Analysed/evaluated…
 Established/created/designed…
 Formulated…
 Initiated…
 Orchestrated...
 Managed…
 Presented…

Personal attributes

 Committed to…
 Confident
 Enthusiastic user of…
 Thorough...
 Actively sought…