1

N
Neural
l IIntegrator
t t
y Neural integrator depends on a
number of connections between
several brainstem structures and
the cerebellum.
y For horizontal conjugate
j g eye y
movements:
y the nucleus prepositus
hypoglossi (NPH) and
y the adjacent medial vestibular
nucleus (MVN)
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 N
Neural
l IIntegrator
t t
y Unilateral
U il t l lesions
l i off
these regions Æacute
failure to hold horizontal
gaze and a shift in
primaryy ggaze towards the
p
side of the lesion.
y Bilateral lesions abolish
all neural integration for
horizontal conjugate eye
movements.
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(1) Cortical areas important for eye
movements

4
 (1) Parieto-Occipito-Temporal Junction

y Region of cortex
where the middle
temporal cortex (area
MT),), middle superior
p
temporal cortex (area
MST), and the
posterior parietal
cortex (PPC) lie.

5
Cortical areas
and brainstem
concernedd with
ith
generating
saccades

6
Cortical areas
involved in
smooth
th
pursuits

7
Contribution of the cerebullum to saccadic
eye movements

8
CN nuclei that ggovern eye
y movements

9
Anatomy of the Oculomotor complex

10
Oculomotor nucleus -dorsolateral
dorsolateral subnucleus

11
Oculomotor nucleus -intermediate
intermediate subnucleus

12
Oculomotor nucleus -ventromedial
ventromedial subnucleus

13
Oculomotor nucleus -medial
medial subnucleus

14
Oculomotor nucleus -caudal
caudal central subnucleus

15
Oculomotor Nucleus

16
Oculomotor Nerve components

17
Pathways involved in pupillary light reflex

18
Trochlear nerve exits at back of brainstem

19
Inputs to the PPRF
y Frontal Eye fields (FEF) neurons
send crossed projections to brainstem
reticular nuclei (PPRF) involved in
saccadic eye movements

y Superior
p Collicular neurons send
crossed projections to the PPRF

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Pathway for lateral gaze

21
22
VOR Review
VOR Review

23
Pathway for the OKN system
Pathway for the OKN system