inbmhyXnbm\w eLphnhcWw

inbm¡fpw IzpÀB\pw:
kzlm_nIÄ apgph³ IÅw ]dbp¶hcmbncp¶psh¶p hnizkn¡p¶ ioCIÄ IÅw Hcp
Bcm[\bmsW¶p hnizkn¡p¶p. AXn\v AhÀ XIzn¿¯v F¶p t]À \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp.
XIzn¿¯nsâ ASnØm\¯n temIapkvenwIfpsS Bdmbnc¯nÂ]cw Bb¯pIfpÅ
IzpÀB³ Xs¶bmWv X§fptSXpw F¶hÀ ]dbmdpnv. F¶m AhcpsS {KÙ§fnÂ
AhcpsS hnizmkw adn¨msW¶v hyàamIp¶p. bYmÀ° IzpÀB\nse [mcmfw Bb¯pIÄ
A_q_¡À(d), DaÀ(d), DYvam³(d) F¶nhÀ \in¸n¨p Ifªphs{X! Aen(d)hpw
CamapIfpaÃmsX bYmÀ° IzpÀB³ apgph\pw Adnbp¶hcnÃs{X! Ct¸mÄ bYmÀ° IzpÀB³
DÅXv BImi¯v taL]mfnIÄ¡nSbn Pohn¡p¶psh¶v AhÀ k¦Â]n¡p¶ ]{´nmas¯
Camw alvZnbpsS ]¡emWpÅXs{X!

bYmÀ°IzpÀB³ `qapJ¯nsö hnizmk¯neqsS PqXtem_nIfpsS hymP{]NmctheIsf

klmbn¡p¶ ChcpsS hnizmkw IzpÀB\n 17000 Bb¯pIÄ Dsn¶mWv. AÂDkzqep
an\ÂIm^nbnse ^ZmCep IzpÀB³ F¶ A[ymb¯n ϢϬϧ΃ϭ ΔϤ΋Ϸ΍ϻ· ϪϠϛ ϥ΁ήϘϟ΍ ϊϤΠϳ Ϣϟ Ϫϧ΃ ΏΎΑ
ϪϠϛ ϪϤϠϋ ϥϮϤϠόϳ (CamapIfÃmsS bYmÀ° IzpÀB³ kamlcn¨n«nÃ, XoÀ¨bmbpw AhÀ
IzpÀB\nsâ apgph³ hnÚm\hpw Adnbp¶p) Fs¶mcp ΏΎΑ (D] A[ymbw) Xs¶bpnv.
AXn ]dbp¶p:
ϪψϔΣϭ ϪόϤΟ Ύϣϭ Ώ΍άϛ ϻ· Ϳ΍ Ϫϟΰϧ΃ ΎϤϛ ϪϠϛ ϥ΁ήϘϟ΍ ϊϤΟ Ϫϧ΃ αΎϨϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΪΣ΃ ϰϋΩ΍ Ύϣ :ϝϮϘϳ (ω) ήϔόΟ ΎΑ΃ ΖόϤγ :ϝΎϗ ήΑΎΟ Ϧϋ
ϩΪόΑ ΔϤ΋Ϸ΍ϭ ΐϟΎσ ϲΑ΃ ϦΑ ϲϠϋ ϻ· Ϳ΍ Ϫϟΰϧ΃ ΎϤϛ
“IzpÀB³ Pn_vcoÂ(A) apl½Zv(k)¡v F¯n¨p sImSp¯ {]Imcw `qanbn \nehnepsn¶v
hnizkn¡p¶h³ s]cpw \pWb³ am{XamWv” (AÂDkzqep an\ÂIm^n 1/147). asämc[ymb¯nÂ
C§s\ ImWmw: ϲϓΎϜϟ΍) Δϳ΁ ϒϟ΃ήθϋ ΔόΒγ (ι)ΪϤΤϣ ϰϟ· (ω) ϞϳήΒΟ ϪΑ ˯ΎΟ ϱάϟ΍ ϥ΁ήϘϟ΍ ϥ· :ϝΎϗ (ω) Ϳ΍ΪΒϋ ϲΑ΃ Ϧϋ
(671 ι
"\nÝbw, Pn_vcoÂ(A) apl½Zv \_n(k)¡v F¯n¨p sImSp¯ bYmÀ° IzpÀB³
]Xnt\gmbncw Bb¯pIfmWv' (AÂIm^n t].671)

ISp¯ ioCuhnizmknbmb Aen icoA¯nbpsS aebmf¯nte¡v hnhÀ¯\w sN¿s¸«

“F´p sN¿Ww FhnsS XpS§Ww” F¶ IrXnbn C§s\ ImWmw: “C\n Hcp
DĸcnhÀ¯\w hgn Ime¯nsâ XS椀 X«n \o¡n B AhØbnse¯m³ Ignªp F¶p
sh¡pI. At¸mÄ asämcp {]iv\w ‘GXp IzpÀB\nte¡mWv \mw aSt§nXv?’ Izpssdin
{]`pXzs¯ ]p\Øm]n¡pIbpw A_qZÀdns\ sImÃpIbpw sNbvX aq¶mw Jeo^ DYvamsâ
sIm«mc¯nep]tbmKn¨ IzpÀB\ntet¡m? {]hmNIsâ ]ÅnbpsS Hcp aqebn Xmakn¨
im´{]IrXnbmb Camw AenbpsS sIm¨p IpSnen D]tbmKn¨ IzpÀB\ntet¡m? hwiob
hmgvNtbbpw {]`pXzt¯bpw kwc£n¡p¶Xn¶pw Aaho cmPhwis¯ klmbn¡p¶Xn¶pw
thnn Awdp_v\p Bkv Ip´¯n Ip¯nbpbÀ¯nb IzpÀB\ntet¡m? Chbn GXp
IzpÀB\nte¡mWv \mw aSt§nXv? (“F´p sN¿Ww FhnsS XpS§Ww, t]. 51)

AtX ]pkvXI¯nse asämcp hmNIw ImWpI. “HcnkvemanI kaql¯n Fs´¦nepw e£yw

km[n¡Wsa¦n IzpÀB\nte¡v aSt§nXpnv, Camw Aen a\Ênem¡nb IzpÀB\nte¡v
F¶ Imcyw AbmÄ¡v t_m[yambn«pnv F¶v \mw {]Xo£n¡p¶p. Ahkm\ambn \½psS
_p²nPohn kplr¯v, \½psS ImeL«¯n AenbpsS IzpÀB\nte¡pÅ aS¡w ‘hnizmkw,
kn²m´w, sFIyw, \oXn, t\XrXzw’ F¶ hfsc ASnØm\]camb ap{ZmhmIyw
DÄs¡mÅp¶XmWv F¶v AwKoIcn¡psa¶pw \mw {]Xo£n¡p¶p” (t]. 52) .

DYvam³(d)hnsâ IzpÀB\pw Aen(d)hnsâ IzpÀB\pw H¶söp hyàam¡p¶tXmsSm¸w

DYvam³(d) A_qZÀdv(d)hnsâ LmXI\msW¶ s]cpw \pW {]Ncn¸n¡m\pw ioCut\Xmhv
[mÀãyw ImWn¨ncn¡p¶p. \DuZp _nÃmlv!

‘AIzmCZpioA’ F¶ ]pkvXI¯n C§s\ ImWmw:

ξόΑ Ϫϔ˷ϟ΃ ϱάϟ΍ ϥ΁ήϘϟ΍ ϲϓ ϑάΤϟ΍ϭ ϒϳήΤΘϟ΍ ϊϗϭ Ϫϧ΃ ϊϣ ,ϞϳΪΒΗ ϭ ήϴϴϐΗ Ϫϴϓ ϊϘϳ Ϣϟ ϲ
˷ ϠλϷ΍ ϥ΁ήϘϟ΍ ϥ΃ ΪϘΘόϧ ϥ΃ ΐΟ΍Ϯϟ΍ϭ
(27 ι ,Δόϴθϟ΍ Ϊ΋ΎϘϋ) ϪΟήϓ Ϳ΍ ϞΠϋ ήμόϟ΍ ϡΎϣ· ΪϨϋ ΩϮΟϮϣ ϲϘϴϘΤϟ΍ ϲϠλϷ΍ ϥ΁ήϘϟ΍ϭ ϦϴϘϓΎϨϤϟ΍
"bYmÀ°IzpÀB\n amätam Xncp¯tem kw`hn¨n«nsöv hnizkn¡Â \ap¡v \nÀ_ÔamWv.
AtXmsSm¸w Nne ap\m^nIzpIÄ t{ImUoIcn¨ amä§Ä hcp¯pIbpw Bb¯pIÄ
Hgnhm¡pIbpw sNbvXn«psn¶pw \mw hnizkn¡p¶p. bYmÀ° IzpÀB³ ImeL«¯nse
Camamtcm AbmfpsS ssIbn am{XamWpnmhpI' (t].27) ChnsS ap\m^nIzpIÄ F¶p

Page 1
]dªXv, A_q_¡À(d), DaÀ(d), DYvam³(d) F¶nhcpÄs¸sSbpÅ {]apJ
kzlm_¯ns\¡pdn¨mWv!

AÃmlp apl½Zv \_n aptJ\ \ÂInb IzpÀB³ Xs¶bmWv Cdm\nse inB¡Ä¡pÅsX¶pw

AhÀ¡v hyXykvX IzpÀB³ Csöpw Nne aebmf {]t_m[\hmcnIIÄ FgpXmdpsn¦nepw
bmYmÀ°y¯ns\XncmWsX¶v t_m[yambtÃm.

ioCu IzpÀB\nse hymP Bb¯pIfn NneXv:

1. (t].264 Δόϴθϟ΍ Ϊ΋ΎϘϋ) "ΎϨϴΒϣ ΍έϮϧ ϲ
͈ Ϡϋ ϲϓ ΎϨϟΰϧΎϤΑ ΍ϮϨϣ΁ ΏΎΘϜϟ΍΍ϮΗϭ΃ Ϧϳάϟ΍ΎϬϳ΃Ύϳ"
2. ϥ΍έϮϧ Ϣϴψϋ ϡϮϳ Ώ΍άϋ ϢϜϧ΍έάΤϳϭ ϲΗΎϳ΁ ϢϜϴϠϋ ϥ΍ϮϠΘϳ ΎϤϫΎϨϟΰϧ΃ ϦϳέϮϨϟΎΑ ΍ϮϨ˶ϣ΁ ΍ϮϨϣ΁ Ϧϳάϟ΍ΎϬϳ΃Ύϳ ϢϴΣήϟ΍ ϦϤΣήϟ΍ Ϳ΍ ϢδΑ"
(180 ι ΏΎτΨϟ΍ Ϟμϓ) "ϢϴϠόϟ΍ ϊϴϤδϟ΍ Ύϧ΃ϭ ξόΑ Ϧϣ ΎϤϬπόΑ
3. ϪϳΪϳ ϢϟΎψϟ΍ ξόϳ ϡϮϳ F¶ ϥΎϗήϔϟ΍se Bb¯n ϢϟΎψϟ΍ F¶m A_q_¡À(d)hpw ϥϼϓ F¶Xv
DaÀ(d)hpw BWp t]mepw! (113/2 ϲϤϘϟ΍ ϪϳϮΑΎΑ ϦΑϻ ϲϤϘϟ΍ ήϴδϔΗ)
4. ΍ήϴδϳ Ϳ΍ ϰϠϏ ϚϟΫ ϥΎϛϭ .....΍ϮϣΎχϭ ΍ϭήϔϛ Ϧϳάϟ΍ ϥ· F¶ Bb¯nepw ϥϭήΒϤΘδΗ...ϥϮϤϟΎψϟ΍Ϋ· ϯήΗϮϟϭ F¶
Bb¯nepw ϢϬϘΣ ΪϤΤϣ ϝ΁ F¶v inbm¡Ä Iq«nt¨À¯v Jeo^amÀ A{IanIÄ F¶p
hymJym\n¡p¶p. (125/2 ϲϤϘϟ΍ ήϴδϔΗ,ΔΠΤϟ΍ ΏΎΘϛ 424/1 ϲϓΎϜϟ΍)
5. 25:74Â ΎϣΎϣ· ϦϴϘΘϤϠϟ F¶Xv Bibw amäm³ thnn ϦϴϘΘϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ F¶m¡n amän (AtX X^vkoÀ
t].152)
6. 5:67 ϢϜΑέ Ϧϣ F¶Xn\p tijw ϲ ˷ Ϡϋ ϲϓ F¶p tNÀ¯p. Cu Bb¯nd§nb tijamWs{X
Aen¿nsâ Cama¯v ad¨p sh¡m³ \_n(k)¡v IgnbmsX t]mbXv.
7. AenbpsS t]cv 4:170, 7:172, 2:23, 2:159, 2:90, 70:2, 43:13 XpS§n \nch[n Bb¯pIfnÂ
A\ymbambn Iq«nt¨À¯p.

kqd¯p hnemb¯v, kqd¯p¶qssd³ XpS§n \nch[n kqd¯pIfpw Hgnhm¡s¸«psh¶v

AhÀ PÂ]n¡p¶p.

inbm¡fpw lZoYpw:
Aen IpSpw_hpw aqt¶m \mtem kzlm_nIfpsamgnsI aäp kzlm_m¡sfÃmw {]hmNIsâ
acW¯n\p tijw A_q_¡À(d)hn¶v ss_A¯v sN¿pI hgn Im^ndpw apÀX±pambn
amdnsb¶mWv inbm¡Ä hnizkn¡p¶Xv. AXpsImnv Xs¶ kzlolpÂ_pJmcnbpw kzlolv
apkvenapw DÄs¸sS AlvepÊp¶¯n hÂPamA¯v AwKoIcn¡p¶ lZoYv{KÙ§tfm
lZoYpItfm inbm¡Ä AwKoIcn¡p¶nÃ. adn¨v CamapIfnte¡v A\ymbambn tNÀ¡s¸«
PqXNn´mc {]Ncn¸n¡pIbpw \ymboIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ Ir{Xna ]c¼cIÄ krãn¨p
sImnpÅ hymPlZoYpIfmWv inbm¡fpsS Ahew_w. IzpÀB\n¶pw kp¶¯n\pw
LSIhncp²amb Bib§Ä Ip¯n \nd¨ "AÂIm^n'bmWv inbm¡fpsS ASnØm\
Ahew_{KÙw. AXpsImnp Xs¶ \_n(k)bpsS Ncy inbm¡Ä¡v {]mamWnIamb Hcp
kwKXntb AÃ. ^e¯n IzpÀB\pw kp¶¯pw \ncmIcn¡p¶ inbm¡Ä CkvemanI
hncp²hnizmk§fpsS hàm¡fmhpIsb¶Xv kzm`mhnIw am{XamWv. F¶n«pw inbm¡fnepw
Cdm\nepw bYmÀ°Ckvemans\ Isn¯m³ NneÀ {ian¡p¶Xv F{X thZ\mP\IamWv!

auZqZn FgpXp¶p: "Jpssa\nbpsS hn¹hw XnI¨pw CkvemanI hn¹hamWv. hn¹h¯n\v t\XrXzw

\ÂIp¶Xv CkvemanI kwLS\bpw Ahcn \n¶v ]cnioe\w t\Snb bphm¡fpamWv.
AXpsImnv apkvenwIÄ s]mXphnepw kwLS\IÄ {]tXyIn¨pw Cu hn¹hs¯ ]n´p
W¡pIbpw FÃm amÀK§fpap]tbmKn¨v Cu hn¹hs¯ klmbn¡pIbpw sNt¿nXmWv'
(aPïp±Avh: 1979 BKÌv, e¡w 39). tIcf¯nse auZqZnÌpIfpsS Hcp {]kn²oIcWmebw
Jpssa\nbpsS ‘lpIqas¯ Cemln’ F¶ t]Àjy³ ]pkvXIw "CkvemanI Kh¬saâv' F¶
t]cn hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXp {]kn²oIcn¡pIbpnmbn. AXnsâ {]km[I¡pdn¸v Bcw`n
¡p¶Xp ImWpI: "Cdm\n C¶v aXw kaqlt¯bpw PohnXt¯bpw apgph\mbn `cn¡p¶p. 1979
s^{_phcn 11\v hnPbn¨ CkvemanI hn¹hamWv AXn\pÅ kmlNcyw krãn¨Xv' (t]. 9).

"Jpssa\nbpsS hntbmKw Ckveman\p Xocm\ãw' F¶ Xes¡«n PamAs¯ Ckveman

AJnte´ym Aaodmbncp¶ A_pssÃkv kmln_nsâ {]kvXmh\ {]t_m[\¯n h¶Xp
ImWpI: "Cdm³ CkvemanIv dn¸»n¡nsâ Bßob t\Xmhv Bb¯pÃm dqlpÃm(?)
Jpssa\nbpsS \ncymW¯n C´y³ PamAs¯ Ckveman t\Xmhv A_pssÃkv Ckvemlo
\Zvhn Akm[amb Zp:Jw tcJs¸Sp¯n.............. alm\mb Hcp hn¹hImcnbmWp temI¯n\p
\ãs¸«s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv. Cdm¶p am{XaÃ, apkvenw temI¯n\msIbpw(!) I\¯ \ãamWp
kw`hn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. AaoÀ ]dªp. Xsâ A\ptimN\ ktvi¯n Jpssa\nbpsS ]p{X³

Page 2
k¿nZv AlvaZv Jpssa\nbptSbpw Cdm³ P\XbptSbpw Zp:J¯n ]¦ptNÀ¶ auem\m
A_pssÃkv Jpssa\nbpsS ]ctemI im´n¡p thnn {]mÀ°n¨p' ({]t_m[\w hmcnI 24/6/1989
t].33). ISp¯ ioCu ]£]mXnIfmb Jpssa\nkväpIsf cm{ãobambà BZÀi]cambmWv
ChnsS ]T\hnt[bam¡p¶Xv, {]tXyIn¨pw AhÀ¡v bYmÀ° Ckvemansâ Omb \ÂIm³
t_m[]qÀhw {iaw \S¡p¶ ]mÝm¯e¯nÂ.
inbm¡fpw XuloZpw:
Clhpw ]chpw Caman\pÅXv:
Cl¯ntâbpw ]c¯ntâbpw DSa AÃmlphmsW¶v hnip²IzpÀB³ hyàam¡p¶pnv.
ϚϠϣ Ϫϟ (ϢΠϨϟ΍) ϰϟϭϷ΍ϭ ΓήΧϵ΍ ϪϠϠϓ (ΓήϘΒϟ΍) νέϷ΍ϭ Ε΍ϮϤδϟ΍ ϚϠϣ Ϳ (ϑ΍ήϋϷ΍) ˯Ύθϳ Ϧϣ ΎϬΛέϮϳ Ϳ νέϷ΍ ϥ·
(ϚϠϤϟ΍) ϚϠϤϟ΍ ϩΪϴΑ ϱάϟ΍ ϙέΎΒΗ (ΪϳΪΤϟ΍) νέϷ΍ϭ Ε΍ϮϤδϟ΍
F¶m CXn¶p hncp²ambn Clhpw ]chpw Caman\pÅXmsW¶mWv inbm¡Ä
hnizmkn¡p¶Xv. AÂIm^nbnse Hc[ymb¯nsâ t]cpXs¶ "`qan apgph³ Caman¶pÅXmWv'
F¶mWv. AXn \ap¡n§s\ ImWmw.
ΏΎΑ) Ϳ΍ Ϧϣ Ϫϟ ΰ΋ΎΟ – ˯Ύθϳ Ϧϣ ϰϟ· ΎϬόϓΪϳϭ ˯Ύθϳ ΚϴΣ ΎϬόπϳ ϡΎϣϺϟ ΓήΧϵ΍ϭ ΎϴϧΪϟ΍ ϥ΃ ϝΎϗ (ω) Ϳ΍ ΪΒϋ ϲΑ΃ Ϧϋ
(372/1 ϲϓΎϜϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϝϮλϷ΍) (ϡΎϣϹ ΎϬϠϛ νέϷ΍ ϥ΃
"\nÝbw, Clhpw ]chpw Caman¶pÅXmWv. At±lw Xm\pt±in¡p¶hÀ¡v Dt±in¡p¶
{]Imcw AXv \ÂIpw. AÃmlphn \n¶v AXn\pÅ A\paXnbpnv'. (A Dkzqep an\ Im^n
1/372).

Aen(d)hn\v AÃmlphnsâ hntijW§Ä hIsh¨p sImSp¡p¶p:

(138 ι ϲθϛ ϝΎΟέ) νέϷ΍ Ιέ΍ϭ Ύϧ΃ϭ ϦσΎΒϟ΍ Ύϧ΃ϭ ήϫΎψϟ΍ Ύϧ΃ϭ ήΧϵ΍ Ύϧ΃ϭ ϝϭϷ΍Ύϧ΃ .... :ϲϠϋ ϝΎϗ
Aen(d) ]dªp: "Rm\mWv BZna\pw A´na\pw ]tcm£\pw {]Xy£\pw. Rm\mWv `qanbpsS
A\´cmhImin' (cnPmep Iin¿v t].138). bYmÀ°¯n Cu hmNIw Aen(d)hnsâ t]cnÂ
inbm¡Ä sI«nbpnm¡nbXmWv. IzpÀB\n AÃmlphn¶pÅ hntijW§fmWv AhÀ
hymPhN\§fpsS t]cn Aen(d)hn¶v NmÀ¯s¡mSp¡p¶Xv. BZna\pw A´na\pw
AÃmlphmsW¶v IzpÀB³ Ak¶nKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pnv.
(ΪϳΪΤϟ΍) νέϷ΍ϭ Ε΍ϮϤδϟ΍ Ι΍ήϴϣ Ϳϭ (ΪϳΪΤϟ΍) ϦσΎΒϟ΍ϭ ήϫΎψϟ΍ϭ ήΧϵ΍ϭ ϝϭϷ΍Ϯϫ
Camans\ dºm¡p¶p:
(ήϣΰϟ΍) ΎϬΑέ έϮϨΑ νέϷ΍ Ζϗήη΃ϭ F¶ Bb¯n\v ioCu ap^ÊnÀ aIzv_q AlvaZv Xsâ
X^vkodn \ÂIp¶ hymJym\w ImWpI: "PAv^dpÊzmZnIzv ]dªp: \nÝbw, `qanbpsS dºv
CamamIp¶p. Camw ]pd¯p hcpt¼mÄ `qan¡v Bhiyamb {]Imiw DnmIpw. ]n¶oSv
P\§Ä¡v kqcyt\m N{vt\m BhiyanÃ' (t].339) apl½Zv \_nbpw Aenbpw
^m¯nabpsaÃmw {]Imi¯m krãn¡s¸«XmsW¶ ]ng¨ hmZw inbm¡fn \n¶mWv
\½psS \m«n ISs¶¯nbXv. ioCu t\Xmhv AenicoA¯nbpsS ^m¯na F¶ IrXnbpsS
F³.Un.F^nsâ tXPkv ]_vfn¡j³ ]pd¯nd¡nb hnhÀ¯\¯n ^m¯nam_ohn
]Ånbn Ibdnbm AhnsS ]ns¶ hnf¡nsâ Bhiyapnmbncp¶nsö \pW FgpXn sh¨Xp
ImWmw (t].?). apl½Zv \_nsb¡pdn¨v \½psS \m«n {]Nmc¯nepÅ ]e ame¸m«pIfnepw
]ng¨ Cu ioCu Bibw Øm\w ]nSn¨n«pnv.

"inÀ¡p h¨m IÀaw s]mfnbpw' F¶p hyàam¡p¶ kpadnse Bb¯n\v AÂIm^n \ÂIp¶
hymJym\w ϲ ˷ Ϡϋ Δϳϻϭ ϲϓ ϢΘϛήη΃ ϦΌϟ (Aen¿nsâ hnemb¯n \n§Ä ]¦ptNÀ¯mÂ) F¶mWv.
AXpsImnmWv kzlm_nIfpsS IÀa§Ä s]mfnªpsh¶pw aq¶p Jeo^amcpÄs¸sSbpÅhÀ
i]n¡s¸«hcmsW¶pw AhÀ apÀX±msW¶pw inbm¡Ä hnizkn¡p¶Xv. bYmÀ¯n Cu
hymJym\w PAv^dpÊzmZnIznsâ t]cn sI«n¨a¨XmWv. "Rm³ kzÀK¯n\pw \cI¯n\panSbnÂ
AÃmlphnsâ Hmlcnhbv]pImc\mWv' F¶ asämcp inÀ¡³ hmZhpw (A Dkzqep an\Â
Im^n 1/372) At±l¯nsâ t]cnepnv. asämcp hmNIw ImWpI: "Camw apl½Zv _mJnÀ ]dªp:
R§Ä AÃmlphnsâ apJhpw AÃmlphnsâ I®pw ImcpWyw sImnv Xsâ ASnbmdpIfps\s
t\sc \o«s¸« Ahsâ ssIbpamWv ...... R§Ä Ahsâ \mhmWv' (A Dkzqep an\ Im^n
1/83).

CamapIÄ¡v AZriyadnbpw:
1. AÂIm^nbn ϢϫέΎϴΘΧΎΑ ϻ· ϥϮΗϮϤϳϻ ϢϬϧ΃ϭ ϥϮΗϮϤϳ ϰΘϣ ϥϮϤϠόϳ ΔϤ΋Ϸ΍ ϥ΃ (CamapIÄ¡v AhÀ
acn¡p¶sXt¸mgmsW¶dnbmw, AhcpsS Dt±iy{}ImcaÃmsX AhÀ acWs¸SpIbnÃ} F¶
t]cn Hcp A[ymbw Xs¶bpnv. (AÂIm^n, t].158).
2. ϲϓΎϜϟ΍ bnse asämc[ymb¯nsâ t]cv ˯ΎϴΒϧϷ΍ϭ ΔϜ΋ϼϤϟ΍ ϰϟ· ΖΟήΧ ϲΘϟ΍ ϡϮϠόϟ΍ ϊϴϤΟ ϥϮϤϠόϳ ΔϤ΋Ϸ΍ ϥ΃ ΏΎΑ
ϡϼδϟ΍ ϢϬϴϠϋ Ϟγήϟ΍ϭ (ae¡pIÄ¡pw A¼nbm¡Ä¡pw dkqepIÄ¡pw \ÂInb apgph³
hnÚm\hpw CamapIÄ¡dnbmw) F¶mWv. A¼nbm¡Ä¡pw ae¡pIÄ¡psam¶pw Adnbn¨p

Page 3
 sImSp¡m¯Xp t]mepw AÃmlp CamapIÄ¡v Adnbn¨p sImSp¡psa¶v ioCIÄ
hnizkn¡p¶pnv.
IqSmsX \qlv(A)s\ I¸en c£n¨Xpw eqXzv(A), C_vdmlnw(A), lqZv(A) F¶nhsc
c£n¨Xpw Aen(d)hnsâ apAvPnk¯pIfnÂs]«sX¶v AhÀ hnizkn¡p¶p. AhÀ AÃmlp
AÃm¯hsc hnfn¨p tXSpIbpw Iz_vÀ]qP \S¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p.
\½psS \m«n Iz_vÀ ]qPmkwkvImchpw DdqkpÕh§fpw NmhSnb´nc§fpw IS¶p
h¶Xv inbm¡fn \n¶mWv. Huenbm¡Ä¡pw _o_namÀ¡pw A¼nbm¡Ä¡pw
ssK_dnbmsa¶pw AhcmWv {]]©w \nb{´n¡p¶sX¶pw AhtcmSv CkvXnKmY
\S¯msa¶psams¡bpÅ hnizmkw IS¶p h¶Xpw Chcn \n¶p Xs¶.
"Ϯϫ ϻ· ΎϬϤϠόϳ ϻ ΐϴϐϟ΍ ΢ΗΎϔϣ ϩΪϨϋϭ " " Ϳ΍ ϻ· ΐϴϐϟ΍ νέϷ΍ϭ Ε΍ϮϤδϟ΍ ϲϓ Ϧϣ ϢϠόϳϻ Ϟϗ "
˯ΎϤδϟ΍ ϲϓ ϻϭ νέϷ΍ ϲϓ Ίϴη ϪϴϠϋ ϰϔΨϳ ϻ Ϳ΍ ϥ·
inbm¡fpw XIzn¿¯pw
hyàamb Ifhpw \n^mIzpw \ymboIcn¡m³ ioCIÄ Isn¯nb t^mÀapebmWv
teJ\¯nsâ XpS¡¯n kqNn¸n¨ XzIzn¿¯v. kXyw ad¨psh¨p {]hÀ¯n¡pI F¶À°w.
aäpÅhcn \n¶v ioCIsf thÀXncn¡p¶ {][m\ khntijXbpw CXs{X. ]pd¯p
{]Jym]n¡p¶ APnbpsS adhn CkvemanI hncp²amb {]XnImc{]hÀ¯\§fpsS clky
APnIqSn \ne\ndp¯p¶ \½psS \m«nse ]e Xo{hhmZkwLS\Ifpw ioCk¯nsâ
XIzn¿¯v hnizmkamWv ]n´pScp¶Xv. kXyw ad¨p sh¡p¶Xpw \pW ]dbp¶Xpw KpcpXcamb
IpäambmWv Ckvemw ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv. F¶m \pW ]db Zo\nsâ `mKamsW¶v {]Ncn¸n¡m³
inbm¡Ä¡v bmsXmcp aSnbpanÃ. Nne DZmlcW§Ä ImWpI.
1. Ϫϟ ΔϴϘΗ ϻ ϦϤϟ ϦϳΩϻϭ ΔϴϘΘϟ΍ ϲϓ ϦϳΪϟ΍ έΎθϋ΃ ΔόδΗ ϥ· ήϤϋ ΎΑ΃ Ύϳ (ω) Ϳ΍ ΪΒϋ ϮΑ΃ ϲϟ ϝΎϗ ϝΎϗ ϲϤΠϋϷ΍ ήϴϤϋ ϦΑ΍ Ϧϋ
(482 ι ϲϓΎϜϟ΍) ϦϴϔΨϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΢δϤϟ΍ϭ άϴΒϨϟ΍ ϲϓ ϻ· Ίϴη Ϟϛ ϲϓ ΔϴϘΘϟ΍ϭ
"Camw A_qAÐpÃ(A) C_v\p Dssadnt\mSv ]dªp: A_q DaÀ, \nÝbw, Zo\nsâ
sXm®qdp iXam\hpw XIzn¿¯nemIp¶p. XIzn¿¯v CÃm¯h¶v Zo\nÃ. \_oZnsâbpw
Jp^v^bn XShp¶Xntâbpw hnjb¯nsemgnsI FÃm Zo\ohnjb¯nepw XIzn¿¯v
(kXyw ad¨p sh¡Â) Dnv. (AÂIm^n t].482)
2. (484 ι ϲϓΎϜϟ΍) Ϫϟ ΔϴϘΗ ϻ ϦϤϟ ϥΎϤϳ· ϻϭ ϲ΋ΎΑ΁ ϦϳΩϭ ϲϨϳΩ Ϧϣ ΔϴϘΘϟ΍ :(ω)ήϔόΟϮΑ΃ ϝΎϗ
"Camw A_qPAv^À(A) ]dªp: XIzn¿¯v Fsâbpw Fsâ ]nXm¡fptSbpw Zo\mIp¶p.
XIzn¿¯v CÃm¯h¶v kXyhnizmkanÃ'(AÂIm^n t].484)
3. ΔΌϴδϟ΍ ϻϭ ΔϨδΤϟ΍ ϱϮΘδΗϻ (\·bpw Xn·bpw kaamhpIbnà F¶Xnse ΔΌϴγ \v Δϋ΍Ϋ· (kXyw
Xpd¶p {]Ncn¸n¡Â) F¶pw ΔϨδΣ \v ΔϴϘΗ (kXyw ad¨p sh¡Â) F¶pamWv inbm¡Ä
\ÂIp¶ hymJym\w. (AÂIm^n t]. 482)
4. (484 ι ϲϓΎϜϟ΍) ϦϣΆϤϟ΍ ΔϨΟ ΔϴϘΘϟ΍ ϥ· (\nÝbw, XIzn¿¯v kXyhnizmknbpsS kzÀKas{X
(AÂIm^n t].484))
IpSneamb NXn{]tbmKw Zo\nsâ `mKamsW¶v hnizkn¡p¶ ChcpsS sIWnIfn \n¶v
IcIbdm³ \mw {]tXyIw Pm{KX ]peÀ¯Ww. F{]ImcamWv AhcpsS hnizmkmNmc§Ä
\½psS \m«nse hnhn[ {]Øm\§tfbpw Nn´m[mcItfbpw kzm[o\n¡p¶sX¶pw \mw
Xncn¨dnbWw.

AÂ_ZmAv F¶ A_²hnizmkw
Nne ]pXnb kw`h§fpnmIpt¼mÄ AÃmlp Xsâ Xocpam\w ]p\:]cntim[n¡pIbpw amäw
hcp¯pIbpw sN¿psa¶ hnizmkamWv AÂ_ZmAv. AÃmlphn\p sXäp ]ämsa¶p kmcw. AhÀ
FgpXp¶p: (1417 ϯήΧϷ΍ΩΎϤΟ ϦϴϠϘΜϟ΍ ΔϟΎγέ) Ϳ΍ ΕΎϔλ Ϧϣ ˯΍ΪΒϟ΍ "_ZmAv (A_²w kw`hn¡Â)
AÃmlphnsâ hntijW§fn s]«Xs{X' (cnkme¯pÊIzsse³. Pp.Du. 1417)

Bdmas¯ Camw PAv^dpÊzmZnIzv Xsâ aq¯ aI³ CkvamCuens\ "AÃmlphnsâ

Xocpam\{]Imcw' Ggmas¯ Camambn \nÝbn¨p. F¶m AbmÄ apgpIpSnb\mbncp¶p.
PAv^À Pohn¨ncns¡ AbmÄ acn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. At¸mÄ Abmsf amän Ggmas¯ Camambn
cnmas¯ aI³ aqk ImZnans\ \nÝbn¨p. A¶v PAv^dpÊzmZnIzv ]dªphs{X: ΍ΪΑ ΎϤϛ Ϳ ΍ΪΑ Ύϣ
ϲϨΑ΍ ϞϴϋΎϤγ· ϲϓ "Fsâ aIsâ hnjb¯n AÃmlphn\p sXäp]än icn shfns¸«Xpt]mse asämcp
hnjb¯nepw AÃmlphn\p sXäp ]än, ]ns¶ icn shfns¸SÂ Dnmbn«nÃ'. (CkvemanIv
F³sskt¢m]oUnb 3/439). Cu IY \ymboIcn¡m\mWv AhÀ BZyambn ˯΍ΪΒϟ΍ F¶ hnizmkw
sImnp h¶Xv. AÂIm^nbnepw CXp ImWmw.

AÂIm^nbn ˯΍ΪΒϟ΍ Fs¶mcp A[ymbw Xs¶bpnv. AXn ImWmw: ΖόϤγ :ϝΎϗ ΖϠμϟ΍ ϦΑ ϥΎϳήϟ΍ Ϧϋ
(265/1 ι) ˯΍ΪΒϟΎΑ ͿήϘϳ ϥ΃ϭ ήϤΨϟ΍ ϢϳήΤΘΑ ϻ· ΎϴΒϧ Ϳ΍ ΚόΑ Ύϣ :ϝϮϘϳ (ω) Ύοήϟ΍

Page 4
"AÃmlp Hcp \_ntbbpw aZyw ldmam¡msXbpw AÃmlphn¶v _ZmAv Øncs¸Sp¯msXbpw
\ntbmKn¨n«nÃ' (AÂIm^n 1/265)

AÃmlphnsâ kÀhÚXtbbpw iànhntij§tfbpw ]cnanXs¸Sp¯n AÃmlphnsâ

]ca]cnip²nsb If¦s¸Sp¯pIbmWv ChÀ sN¿p¶Xv. PqXXmÂ]cy§Ä kwc£n¡m³
_m[yXbpÅhÀ CXne¸pdhpw {]Ncn¸n¨nsænte AXv`pXapÅq. AÃmlphnsâ hlvbv
e`n¡p¶ \_n(k) Hcp kv{XobpsS kz]v\¯nsâ hymJym\ambn AhcpsS `À¯mhv acn¨psh¶v
AÀ°w \ÂInbXv, CXns¶Xncmbn A_q_¡À(d) \ÂInb hymJym\a\pkcn¨v AhcpsS
`À¯mhv Xncn¨p h¶Xpamb hymPIYIÄ t]mse ChnSps¯ aueqZv In¯m_pIfn ImWp¶
]e IYIfpw Cu _ZmAv F¶ A_²hnizmks¯ \ymboIcn¡m³ inbm¡Ä ]S¨pnm¡nb
IYIfpsS A\pIcWw am{XamWv.

ap¯vA:bpw ssewKnI AcmPIXzhpw

Ckvemw \ntcm[n¨ Xm¡menI hnhmlk{¼Zmbw ap¯vA: hnhmlw F¶t]cn hensbmcp
]pWyIÀaambn inbm¡Ä IW¡m¡pIbpw {]Ncn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. hen¿pnmbncn¡pI,
]ckys¸Sp¯pI, ISaIÄ \nÀhln¡pI, Ipªp§sf kwc£n¡pI XpS§nb hnhml¯nsâ
]hn{XXbpw \nb{´W§fpw ]mtS \ntj[n¡p¶ hy`nNmcamWnXv. Hcp kv{Xobpw ]pcpj\pw
hmSI \nÝbn¨v ssewKnI _Ô¯nteÀs¸Sm³ ioCu ]ptcmlnX·mÀ \ÂInb A\phmZw
am{Xw. CXn Ipªp P\n¨m AXnsâ _m[yX t]mepw D¯chmZn GsäSpt¡nXnÃ. Htc
kabw F{X ap¯vAbnepw GÀs¸Smw! Cu tXm¶nhmk¯n\v inbm kaqlw ImWp¶
alXzsa{Xsb¶p t\m¡q. \_nbpsS t]cn AhÀ D²cn¡p¶ Hcp IÅlZoYv ImWpI
ϪΘΟέΩ ϥΎϛ Ε΍ήϣ ΙϼΛ ϊΘϤΗ Ϧϣϭ (ω)ϦδΤϟ΍ ΔΟέΪϛ ϪΘΟέΪϓ ϦϴΗήϣ ϊΘϤΗ Ϧϣϭ (ω)ϦϴδΤϟ΍ ΔΟέΪϛ ϪΘΟέΩ ϥΎϛ Γήϣ ϊΘϤΗ Ϧϣ
(356ι ϲϧΎηΎϛ Ϳ΍ ΢Θϓ ϼϤϟ ϦϴϗΩΎμϟ΍ ΞϬϨϣ ήϴδϔΗ) ϲΘΟέΪϛ ϪΘΟέΪϓ Ε΍ήϣ ϊΑέ΃ ϊΘϤΗ Ϧϣϭ (ω)ΐϟΎσ ϲΑ΃ ϦΑ ϲ
˷ Ϡϋ ΔΟέΪϛ
"Bsc¦nepw Hcp XhW Xa¯pAv sNbvXm AhÀ¡v lpssksâ ]ZhnbmWv. Bsc¦nepw cnp
XhW Xa¯pAv sNbvXm lksâ ]Zhnbmbncn¡pw. Bsc¦nepw aq¶p XhW Xa¯pAv
sNbvXm AbmfpsS ]Zhn AenbpsS ]Zhnbmbncn¡pw. \mep XhW Xa¯pAv sNbvXmÂ
AhcpsS ]Zhn Fsâ ]Zhnbmbncn¡pw' (X^vkodp a³lPpÊzmZnIzo³, apl½Zv apÃm Imim\n,
t].356)

\_n(k) ]dªphs{X: "ap¼v Hcp {]hmNI\pw apXvAXv A\phZn¨n«nÃ! apXvA¯n\mbn

kt½fn¡pt¼mÄ ae¡pIÄ AhÀ¡v ImhepnmIpw! Hcp apXvA¯v \S¯nbm AhÀ
kzÀKmhIminbmIpw! hncepIÄ ]ckv]cw kv]Àin¡pt¼mÄ ]m]§Ä sImgnªp hogpw!
Npw_n¡pt¼mÄ lÖntâbpw DwdbptSbpw Iqen! thgvNbnteÀs¸«m h³]ÀhX§tfmfw \·!
]n¶oSv Ipfn¡pt¼mÄ Cänhogp¶ XpÅnIÄ Hmtcm¶pw AÃmlpsh {]IoÀ¯n¡p¶
ae¡mbn¯ocpw. B {]Xn^ew ChcpsS t]cn A´y\mÄ hsc tcJs¸Sp¯s¸Spw!' (AtX
]pkvXIw)

apXvA¯nsâ dpIv\pIfpw lpIvapIfpw t]mepw ioCu{KÙ§fn ImWmw. ssewKnImhbhw

hmSIs¡Sp¡Â ChÀ¡v A\phZ\obamWv. kv{XoIfpambn ktZmanbn GÀs¸Sp¶Xpw
lememsW¶v ChcpsS ]ptcmlnX·mÀ hn[n \ÂInbncn¡p¶p (AÂCkzvXn_vkzmÀ 3/243)

hnip²IzpÀB³ kXyhnizmknIfpsS tbmKyXbmbn FSp¯p ]dbp¶p:

(˯΍ήγϹ΍) ϼϴΒγ ˯Ύγϭ ΔθΣΎϓ ϥΎϛ Ϫϧ· Ύϧΰϟ΍΍ϮΑήϘΗ ϻϭ , (ϥϮϨϣΆϤϟ΍)ϥϮψϓΎΣ ϢϬΟϭήϔϟ ϢϬϨϳάϟ΍ϭ
CsXm¶pw C¡q«À¡v _m[IaÃ.

{]hmNIt\bpw kzlm_¯nt\bpw \nvn¡p¶p:

Aen(d)hns\ AanXambn {]iwkn¨v ssZhnIX hsc Btcm]n¡mdpÅ inbm¡Ä bYmÀ°¯nÂ
Aensbbpw {]hmNIt\bpw \nvn¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. ap¯vA: F¶ hy`nNmc¯n\v
\_nbptSbpw AenbptSbpw ]Zhnbpsn¶v {]Ncn¸n¡p¶hÀ Ahsc \nvn¡pIbmsW¶XnÂ
kwibsa´v? {]hmNIs\bpw Aentbbpw Ahtlfn¡m³ AhÀ {]Ncn¸n¡p¶ asämcp kwKXn
{i²n¡pI: "Camw alvZn hcpt¼mÄ At±ls¯ AÃmlp ae¡pIsfs¡mnv {]_eam¡pw.
At±l¯n BZyw ss_A¯v sN¿pI apl½Zv \_n(k)bmbncn¡pw. ]ns¶ Aen(A)Dpw.
At±lw hcp¶Xv \Kv\\mbn«mbncn¡pw' (lIzp bIzo³, apl½Zp _mIzndp aPvekn,
t].347)
"Hcn¡Â \_n(k)bpsS AcnIn Pn_vco h¶n«v ]dªp: Hm apl½Zv, ^mXznabn \n¶v Hcp
Ipªp P\n¡m\psn¶pw Ah³ \nsâ D½¯nsâ ssIbm¯s¶ acWs¸Spsa¶pw AÃmlp
Xm¦sf kt´mhmÀ¯bdnbn¡p¶p. At±lw ]dªp:. (Ϫϴϓ ϲϟ ΔΟΎΣ ϻ)A§s\sbmcp Ipªns\
F\n¡mhiyanà Pn_vcoÂ(A) BImit¯¡p Ibdnt¸mhpIbpw Cd§n hcnIbpw ]gbXv
BhÀ¯n¡pIbpw sNbXp. \_n AtX adp]Sn Xs¶ \ÂIn. honpw BImi¯p t]mbn h¶
Pn_vco BZyw Adnbn¨Xn\p ]pdsa C§s\ ]dªp: XoÀ¨bmbpw AÃmlp Xm¦fpsS a¡fnÂ

Page 5
Cama¯pw hnemb¯pw hkzn¿¯pw \nÝbn¡msa¶v kt´mhmÀ¯bdnbn¡p¶p. At¸mÄ
At±lw ]dªp: XoÀ¨bmbpw Rm³ Xr]vXns¸«p. ]ns¶ At±lw Pn_vcoÂ(A) BZyw ]dª
hnhcw ^m¯na(d)sb Adnbn¨p. Ahcpw BZyw A§s\sbmcp Ipªn\p thsn¶p ]dªp.
Cama¯pw hnemb¯pw hkzn¿¯pw Ahcnepsn¶v ]dªt¸mÄ AXv Xr]vXns¸SpIbpw
Ipªp§sf s\m´p {]khn¡m³ k¶²amhpIbpw sNbvXp......... ^m¯nam_ohn Hcn¡Â
t]mepw lpssk³(d)hns\ apebq«nbn«nÃ. Hcp kv{Xobpw At±ls¯ apebq«nbn«nÃ. adn¨v,
\_n(k) hcpt¼msgÃmw At±l¯nsâ s]cphnc Ipªnsâ hmbn AÂ]t\cw sh¨p
sImSp¡pw. ctnm aqt¶m Znhkt¯¡v AXp Xs¶ [mcmfw aXnbmIpw'. (AÂIm^n t].294)

ap\m^nIzmb AÐpÃmln_v\p D_¿p_v\p kpeqen¶p thnn AÃmlp hne¡nbn«pw {]hmNI³

a¿n¯v \akvIcn¨psh¶v AhÀ FgpXn. DaÀ XSªt¸mÄ Dadns\ At±lw iImcn¡pIbpw
Ahsâ \cI¯n¶mWv ZpB sNbvXsX¶v ]dbpIbpw sNbvXphs{X! \akvIcn¨tXm P\§sf
ImWn¡m\pw! {]hmNI\pw \n^mIzv ImWn¨psh¶v! \DuZp _nÃmlv! (^pdqDÂ Im^n t].188)

{]hmNI]Xv\namsc \nvn¡p¶p:
inbm¡Ä¡v _ZmAv t]msebpÅ asämcphnizkamWv _dmAv (HgnhmIÂ). AhÀ FgpXn:
"X_ÀdpCse R§fpsS hnizmkw CXs{X: "\mep hn{Kl§fn \n¶v R§Ä HgnhmIp¶p.
A_q_¡À, DaÀ, DYvam³, apBhnb F¶nhcn \n¶v. \mep kv{XoIfn \n¶pw R§Ä
HgnhmIp¶p. BCi, l^vkz, lnvv, D½pÂlIw F¶nhcn \n¶v. AhcpsS ]n´pSÀ¨¡mcnÂ
\n¶pw A\pbmbnIfn \n¶pw. XoÀ¨bmbpw AhscÃmw AÃmlphnsâ Cu `qapJs¯
krãnIfnse \nIrãcs{X! AÃmlphnsâ Cu i{Xp¡fn \n¶v X_ÀdpAv BImsX
AÃmlphnepw Ahsâ dkqenepw CamapIfnepapÅ Cuam³ ]qÀ¯nbmhpIbnÃ' (apl½ZpÂ
_mIzndp aPvekn, lIzp bIzo³, t]Pv 519) CamapIfnse hnizkw Cuam³ Imcy§fnÂ
Iq«nt¨À¯Xpw {i²n¡pI.
"Camw apl½Zv _mIznÀ ]dbp¶p: "Camw alvZn h¶m Bbnisb Pohn¸n¡pIbpw
^m¯nam_ohnsb ]oUn¸n¨Xnsâ in£mhn[n \S¸nem¡pIbpw sN¿pw' (AtX ]pkvXIw
t].378)
"Pa bp²¯n _kzdssk\y¯nsâ t\Xmhmbncp¶ Bbnim(d) hyàamb Ipäw
sNbvXn«pnv' (XÀPpa¯p IzpÀB³, DÀZp, kq:Alvkm_v / aIv_q AlvaZv t].840)

F¶m {]hmNI]Xv\namsc¡pdn¨v hnip²IzpÀB³ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯nbXv AhÀ

kXyhnizmknItfmSv Gähpw _ÔapÅhcmsW¶mWv. kXyhnizmknIfpsS amXm¡Ä F¶mWv
IzpÀB³ Ahsc hntijn¸n¨Xv.
ϢϬΗΎϬϣ΃ ϪΟ΍ϭί΃ϭ ϢϬδϔϧ΃ Ϧϣ ϦϨϣΆϤϟΎΑ ϰϟϭ΃ ϲΒϨϟ΍
΍ήϴϬτΗ ϢϛήϬτϳϭ ΖϴΒϟ΍ Ϟϫ΃ βΟήϟ΍ ϢϜϨϋ ΐϫάϴϟ Ϳ΍ Ϊϳήϳ ΎϤϧ·
F¶n«pw adn¨v {]Ncn¸n¡p¶hÀ Ckvemansâ ISp¯ i{Xp¡fmImXncn¡m³ Xcaptnm?

^m¯znam_ohnsb \nvn¡p¶p
dkqensâ \mep s]¬a¡fn ^m¯nam_ohn HgnsIbpÅhÀ {]hmNI¶pÅhcsömWv
inbm hmZw. (AÂIm^n t].278)
...ϦϴϨϣΆϤϟ΍ ˯Ύδϧϭ ϚΗΎϨΑϭ ϚΟ΍ϭίϷ Ϟϗ ϲΒϨϟ΍ ΎϬϳ΃Ύϳ Cu Bb¯n {]hmNIsâ s]¬Ip«nIsf¡pdn¨v
_lphN\ {]tbmKamWv \S¯nbsX¶Xn \n¶p Xs¶ Hcp s]¬Ip«n am{XaÃ
{]hmNI\pÅsX¶v hyàamWv.
AenbpsS Zmcn{Zyhpw alvdnse Ipdhpw ImcWw ^m¯na AenbpambpÅ hnhmlw
shdp¯ncp¶p t]mepw! "dkq ^m¯nam_ohnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSp¯t¸mÄ ^m¯na
tNmZn¨p: ˮβϴδΨϟ΍ ήϬϤϟΎΑ ϲϨ˴Θ˸Οϭί (Cu XpÑamb alvdn\mtWm Fs¶ AbmÄ¡v hnhmlw sNbvXp
sImSp¡p¶Xv?)At¸mÄ {]hmNI³ ]dªp: \ns¶ Rm\Ã hnhmlw sN¿n¨Xv. adn¨v
BImi¯p \n¶v AÃmlphs{X.' (^pdqDÂ Im^n 2/157)
"^m¯nam_ohnsb Hcp cm{Xn IgpX¸pd¯v sImnp t]mIpt¼mÄ Aen(d) A³kmdpItfmSpw
aplpPndpItfmSpw At±ls¯ klmbn¡m\mhiys¸«t¸mÄ \mep t]scmgnsI Bcpw
klmbn¡m³ k¶²cmbnÃs{X! AhÀ kÂam\p ^mcnkn, A_qZÀdv, anIzvZmZv,
kpss_dp_v\p AÆmw F¶nhcmbncp¶p. (A ClvXnPmPv, Xz_vdkn, t].157) Cu

Page 6
kzlm_nIfpw AenIpSpw_hpsamgnsI aäp apgph³ kzlm_nIfpw Im^ndpIfpw
apÀX±pIfpamsW¶v ioCIÄ hnizkn¡p¶p.
Aºmkv, AÐpÃmln_v\pAºmkv, DssIzep_v\pAen F¶nhsc \nvn¡p¶p
AhÀ Dd¨ Xocpam\anÃm¯hcpw icocw timjn¨hcpsas¶ms¡ ioCIÄ FgpXn (apl½ZpÂ
_mIzndp aPvekn, lIzp bIzo³ t].347)
ϼϴΒγ Ϟ
˷ ο΃ ϭ ϰϤϋ΃ ΓήΧϵ΍ ϲϓ ϮϬϓ ϰϤϋ΃ ϩάϫ ϲϓ ϥΎϛ Ϧϣ F¶ Bb¯v AÐpÃmln_v\p Aºmknsâbpw
]nXmhntâbpw Imcy¯n AhXcn¨XmWp t]mepw! (lbm¯p Izpeq_v 2/865)
aq¶p Jeo^amscbpw A³kzmdpItfbpw aplmPndpItfbpw \nvn¡p¶p
ϱέΎϔϐϟ΍έΫ ϮΑ΃ ϭ ΩϮγϷ΍ ϦΑ Ω΍ΪϘϤϟ΍ :ϝΎϘϓ ˮΔΛϼΜϟ΍ Ϧϣ :ΖϠϘϓ-ΔΛϼΛ ϻ· (ι)ϲ
˷ ΒϨϟ΍ ΪόΑ Γ˷Ωέ Ϟ
˵ ϫ΃ αΎϨϟ΍ ϥΎϛ :(ω)ήϔόΟ ϲΑ΃ Ϧϋ
(115 ι ϲϓΎϜϟ΍ ωϭήϓ) ϲγέΎϔϟ΍ ϥΎϤϠγϭ
"\_n(k)bpsS tijw aq¶p t]scmgnsI apgph³ t]cpw aÀX±pIÄ (aX{`ãÀ) BWv. anIzvZmZp
_v\p AkvhZv, A_qZÀdp Kn^mcn, kÂam\p ^mcnkn F¶nhcs{X AhÀ' (^pdqDÂ
Im^n t].115)
Aen¿p_v\p lpsskt\mSv A_q_¡À, DaÀ F¶nhsc¡pdn¨p tNmZn¨t¸mÄ \ÂInb adp]Sn:
Ύπϳ΃ ήϓΎϛϮϬϓ ΎϤϬΒΤϳ ϱάϟ΍-ϦϳήϓΎϛΎϧΎϛΎϤϬϧ·(XoÀ¨bmbpw AhÀ cnp t]cpw AhnizmknIfmWv, Ahsc
kvt\ln¡p¶hcpw AhnizmknIfmWv' (apl½Zp _mIzndp aPvekn, lIzp bIzo³ t].367)
asämcn¡Â Ahsc ^nÀHu\pw lmam\pw F¶mWv hntijn¸n¨Xv. (AtX ]pkvXIw t].522)
Dadnsâ Øm\w kmancnbptSXpw A_q_¡dntâXv ]ip¡p«nbptSXpamWs{X (AtX ]pkvXIw
t].393)

inbm¡fpsS kzlm_ohnaÀiw {]Ncn¸n¡p¶ ]pkvXI§fpw teJ\§fpw aebmf¡cbnepw

thnpthmfw hnXcWw sN¿s¸Sp¶pnv. sF.]n.F¨v, CkvemanIv ^utnj³, tXPkv
]_vfnt¡j³ F¶nhbpsS {]hÀ¯IÀ C¡mcy¯n ap¶n«p \n¡p¶p. aXcm{ãhmZ
Nn´Ifpw inbmNn´Ifpw X½nepÅ At`Zyamb _ÔamWv CXn¶hsc t{]cn¸n¡p¶sX¶p
a\Ênem¡m³ Hcp {]bmkhpanÃ. Nne DZmlcW§Ä ImWpI.

PamAs¯ Ckveman t\Xmhmbncp¶ Sn..apl½Zv kmln_nsâ AhXmcnItbmsS CkvemanIv

^utnj³ ]d¯nd¡nb ISp¯ inbm hnizmknbmb AenicoA¯nbpsS "càkm£yw'
F¶ ]pkvXI¯n DYvam³(d)s\¡pdn¨v FgpXp¶p: "Ckvemans\ h©n¡m³ thnn h¶
On{ZiànIÄ¡v CkvemanI {]Øm\¯ntâbpw `cWIqS¯ntâbpw tI{v§fn At±lw
Øm\w \ÂIn BZcn¨p. Ckveman\pw Pmlnen¿¯n\panSbnse Hcp CS¡®nbmbn«mWv DYvam³
hÀ¯n¨sX¶p ]dªm AsXmcÀ°¯n icnbmbncn¡pw' (t].37). hr¯nsI«
Zpjv{]`pXz¯n\v IS¶phcm³ At±lw kuIcysamcp¡nsb¶mWv asämcp Btcm]Ww.
DYvam³(d) Ad _nIfpsS ssIbnse shdpsamcp D]IcWw am{Xambncp¶pht{X. am{XhpaÃ,
At±lw Aen(d)hns\bpw Ckvemanse icnbmb hn¹hImcnItfbpw CÃmXm¡m³ ISp¯
KqVmtemN\IÄ \S¯nsb¶pw AbmÄ FgpXp¶p: "CkvemanI hn¹h¯nsâ hnPb¯n\p
thnn JUvK§Ä Nen¸n¨ hnizkvXcmb hn¹hImcnIÄ ]ecpw DYvamsâ A\phmZt¯msS
aÀ±IcptSbpw P\§fpsS AhImi hn[zwkIcptSbpw ssI Ifm hIhcp¯s¸SpI
bmWpnmbXv. DYvamtâbpw {]Xnhn¹h¯neqsS Pmlnen¿¯ns\ Xncn¨p sImnp hcm³ X¡w
]mÀ¯ncp¶hcptSbpw ssI H¶maXmbn \onXv AenbpsS t\À¡mbncp¶p'(t].37).

kzlm_¯n inÀ¡pw Ip^vdpw Btcm]n¡p¶pnv AbmÄ. "bmYmÀ°y¯nsâ aqSp]SaWnªv

CkvemanIcoXnbpsS {]tWXm¡fmbn {]Xy£s¸SpIbpw A§s\ {]Øm\¯nsâ lrZb¯nÂ
IS¶p IqSpIbpw sNbvX Cu ]pXnb Pmlnen¿¯n¶pw ]p¯³ Zpjv{]`pXz¯n¶pw FXnsc {]
Xntcm[¯nsâ Dcp¡ptIm«bmbn \nes¡mnp Aen(A). XuloZnsâ thjan«v cwK ¯nd§nb
inÀ¡nt\mSmbncp¶p At±l¯nsâ [ocbp²w. Ckvemansâ Xe¸mhWnª Ip^vdnt\mSv.
IzpÀB³ Ip´¯n DbÀ¯n¸nSn¡p¶ hn{Klmcm[ItcmSv' (AtX ]pkvXIw) AÐpÃmln_v\p
DaÀ(d)hns\t¸mepÅhÀ càkm£nXz¯neqsS kzÀK]Zhn t\Sm³ sImXn¨ncp¶nsöpw
AbmÄ Btcm]n¡p¶p (t].48,49). apBhnbbpsS sIm«mc¯nse kpJ§Ä¡mbn
{]apJkzlm_nIÄ Zo³ I¨hSw sNbvXncp¶psh¶pw ss_¯p amen I®pw \«p
IgnbpIbmsW¶pw hsc AbmÄ B tcm]n¡p¶p. "A_p±ÀZmAv, A_qlpssdd, A_qaqk
F¶nhÀ¡v lZoYv \nthZ\ ¯n\v I½oj³ \nÝbn¡s¸«p. lZosYm¶n\v Hcp Zo\mdp
hoXambncp¶phs{X I½oj³' (t]. 49).
I.P.H. ]pd¯nd¡nb k¿nZv IzpXzp_nsâ "Ckvemanse kmaqly \oXn' F¶ ]pkvXI¯nÂ
bYmÀ°¯n kzlm_¯ns\ A\oXn¡mcmbn Nn{XoIcn¡p¶XmWv \mw ImWpI. {]hmNIsâ
\mhpsImnv kzÀK¯nemsW¶v {]Jym]n¡s¸« DYvam³(d)hns\¡pdn¨v At±lsagpXp¶p:
"A{]Imcw Xs¶ DYvamsâ arZpe{]IrXnbpw Xo{hamb IpSpw_kvt\lhpw kzlm_nIfnÂ
A[nI t]cptSbpw Bt£]¯n\nS \ÂInb Nne A\mimky kw`h§Ä¡v hgnsbmcp¡n.
Zqchym]Iamb {]XymLmX§fmWv Ah krãn¨Xv'(t].283). CXn¶p sXfnhmbn DYvam³(d) Xsâ
PmamXmhn¶v kv{Xo[\ambn s]mXp JP\mhn \n¶v cnp e£w ZnÀlw \ÂInsb¶

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IÅ¡Ybpw Cu ]pkvXI¯n FgpXn¸nSn¸n¨n«pnv. AXp tNmZyw sNbvX JP\mhp
kq£n¸pImcs\ DYvam³(d) A\ymbambn ]ncn¨p hnSpIbpw sNbvXphs{X! (\DuZp _nÃmlv!)
C{]Imcw A\ymbambn kpss_dn¶v Bdp e£w cnbmepw XzÂl¡v cnp e£w cnbmepw,
aÀhm\p_v\p lIan¶v B{^n¡bn \n¶pÅ \nIpXnZmb¯nsâ 1/5Dw \ÂInbs{X!
DtZymKaÞe¯nepw DYvam³(d) kzP\]£]mXnbmbncp¶psh¶v sF.]n.F¨pImc³
{]Ncn¸n¡p¶p. kzlm_ohnaÀi¯nsâ inbm`mjyw auZqZn Jp¯p_o {]Øm\§sf
kzm[o\n¨Xnsâ DZmlcW§fmWnh.

\_n(k) ]Tn¸n¨p: "\n§Ä Fsâ kzlm_¯ns\ iImcn¡cpXv. \n§Ä DlpZv aetbmfw

sNehgn¨mepw AhÀ Hcpapt±m AXnsâ ]IpXntbm sNehgn¨Xn¶v XpeyamhpIbnÃ' (kzlolv
apkvenw)
ήϔϜϟ΍ ϢϜϴϟ· ϩ˷ήϛϭ ϢϜΑϮϠϗ ϲϓ ϪϨ˷ϳίϭ ϥ
˴ ΎϤϳϹ΍ ϢϜϴϟ· ΐΒΣ (4 ϰϨδΤϟ΍ Ϳ΍ ϩΪϋϭ ϼϛϭ(3 Ύ˷ϘΣ ϥϮϨϣΆϤϟ΍ Ϣϫ ϚΌϟϭ΃(2 Δϣ΃ ήϴΧ ϢΘϨϛ (1
ϪϨϋ ΍Ϯοέϭ ϢϬϨϋ Ϳ΍ ϲοέ (6 αΎϨϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ˯΍ΪϬη ΍ϮϧϮϜΘϟ (5 ϥΎϴμόϟ΍ϭ ϕϮδϔϟ΍ϭ
CsXÃmw kzlm_¯ns\¡pdn¨v hnip² IzpÀB³ \ÂIp¶ km£y]{X§fmWv. \nch[n
hN\§Ä thsdbpapnv.

inbmhyXnbm\§fnse ASnØm\hnjb§fn {][m\s¸«hbmWv ta kqNn¸n¨Xv.

CXpIqSmsX \nch[n ]ng¨ PqX\nehmc¯nepÅ hnizmk§Ä inbm¡Ä h¨p ]peÀ¯p¶pnv.
Iznbma¯v \mfn¶p ap¼v ]p\cp°m\apnmIpsa¶pw A¶v A_q_¡À(d), DaÀ(d) F¶nhsc
AhÀ Im¯ncn¡p¶ alvZn Xq¡nteäpsa¶pw Bbnim_ohnsb hy`nNmc¯n\p
in£n¡psa¶psaÃmw AhÀ hnizkn¡p¶p. kzÀKmhIminIsf kzÀK¯nse a®p sImnpw
\cImhIminIsf \cI¯nsâ a®psImnpamWv ]S¨sX¶ hnNn{Xhnizmkhpw AhÀ¡pnv.
Npcp¡¯n IzpÀB\pw kp¶¯pw XÅpIbpw kzlm_¯nsâ amXrIsb \ntj[n¡pIbpw
AenIpSpw_¯n ssZhnIX IW¡m¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ Ckveman\v ISIhncp²amb \nch[n
hnizmk§Ä DÄs¡mÅpIbpw {]Ncn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ ioCu kaqlw AÃmlphn¦Â
kzÀK¯n¶Àlam¡p¶ AlvepÊp¶nsâ hnizmkmZÀi§sf ]msS \ncmIcn¡p¶hcs{X.
AXpsImnv Xs¶ inbmhnizmk§fpw BZÀi§fpw {]Ncn¸n¡pIbpw inbm¡sf
\ymboIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶hsc Cu KuchhmØ t_m[ys¸Sp¯m\pw \mw _m[yØcmWv.
kÀhià³ A\p{Kln¡pamdmIs«.

***************

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