Awarded

Florence Nightingale
the
Order of
Merit
“Nightingale
in the East” Improvement of
sanitary conditions
Author
Theorist

“Lady
with the
Leader lamp”

Improved Nurse
sanitation

No man, not even a doctor, ever gives any other definition of what a nurse should be than
this -- 'devoted and obedient.' This definition would do just as well for a porter. It might
even do for a horse. It would not do for a policeman. [1859]
 Nightingale’s Theory
• Florence Nightingale was known as being the first nurse in history. She
was a nurse in the Crimean War and helped to develop better sanitation and
decreased the mortality rate among soldiers. She strived to advanced the
practice of nursing and to train other nurses. She was from a wealthy
family and passed on a life of wealth to help others. She was very
dedicated to nursing and would do anything for the better good.
• I am very inspired after reading about Florence Nightingale. She was so
dedicated to nursing and gives everyone something to strive for. She
helped with the war and helped save thousands of peoples lives. She never
quit and stood strong for what she believed in. I would be lucky to be even
half the nurse she was.
 Peplau’s Theory
Interpersonal Relations in Nursing

Orientation Phase
Analyzation
Problem identification
Becoming comfortable

Working Phase
Termination Phase
Collaboration
Independence
Problem solving
Needs met
Goal setting
Success
 Peplau’s Theory
I chose to develop my theory presentation in this
manner because Peplau’s theory is about the relationship
between the nurse and the patient. I show the nurse along
with the patient and family with the phases of their
relationship between them. Their relationship goes
through the orientation, working and termination phases.
She defined these phases as overlapping and interrelating.
I depicted this with the overlapping, interconnecting circles.
Each circle is a phase of Peplau’s theory. The phases are
displayed along with possible accomplishments and goals
for each.
 Henderson’s Nursing Process:
1. Breath normally
2. Eat and drink adequately
3. Elimination of body wastes
4. Move and maintain posture
5. Sleep and rest
6. Suitable clothing, dress/undress
7. Maintain body temperature
8. Keep body clean and well groomed
9. Avoid environmental hazards
10. Communication
11. Worship according to faith
12. Work accomplishment
13. Recreation
14. Learn, discover, or satisfy curiosity.

…the Nursing process as “really the application of the logical approach to the
solution of the problem”
-Virginia Henderson, Nursing Theorist
 Henderson’s Nursing Theory
• Virginia Henderson took a very structuralized and methodic approach to nursing. Her goal when
developing her theory was so each person can receive more individualized care and she felt that this was
the result of her nursing process. In order for others to understand Henderson’s ideas, I structured her 14
components of nursing into an easy to grasp list, with pictorial examples. Henderson broke her theory into
physiological, sociological and spiritual components. Her physiological components such as rest, eating
and drinking, suitable clothing and maintaining body temperature I felt were the best examples. She also
felt that allowing patients to worship according to one’s faith was very important in developing
individualized care. Overall, Henderson felt like caring for someone included doing things for them that
they would do for themselves if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge (George, 2011).
 DOROTHEA ELIZABETH OREM
EDUCATION BASED NURSING CARE
UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE

ENTRANCE: NURSE-PATIENT
ASSESSMENT ASSESS SELF-CARE
DEFICIT
 
GRADUATE
PATIENT IS BACK
TO SELF CARE
CARE PLAN FOR
PATIENT
 
TEACH PT HOW TO BEGIN
TO CARE FOR SELF EVALUATE EFFECT
OF CARE
TEACH PATIENT WHAT RESOLVES
SELF CARE DEFICIT
 I chose this simplified business card version of Dorothea Orem’s Theory
because I feel that her theory is simple at first glance. However, just like
entering a university to get a college degree, her theory is in reality a
multifaceted, education based work which may take years to accomplish.
Just like getting a nursing degree, one is faced with many ways to accomplish
the goal of self care, after being injured or ill.

It will take many “teachers” ie healthcare professionals to bring the

patient back to the ability to care for himself. It will also require the effort of
the patient to learn from his health care providers the tools he needs to help
bring himself to the end goal of “Graduation” or the level of self care and
health and wellbeing.

As Orem discusses, the education has many levels, thus bringing the
patient from a “self-care deficit, to self care, health and wellbeing, using the
nursing system to accomplish the goal.
 Johnson’s Theory

Johnson’s Theory
Behavioral

Biological

Seven subsystems and equilibrium

 Johnson’s Theory
Johnson’s theory looks at an individual as behavioral
entity , which comprises seven behavioral systems, and
each subsystem is composed of four structural
characteristics. There are three main protections
against all these systems and subsystems. Any change
in any of these components leads to in equilibrium. It is
Nurses’ responsibility to return the client to normalcy.