Xmfp-I-Fnâ: K¿NZV Kav À KZMZNJV K¿NZV Kav À KZMZNJV K¿NZV Kav À KZMZNJV K¿NZV Kav À KZMZNJV

plÙfU agUlpdX Yeilvd vgUujH
Xmfp-I-fnÂ
1 apJhpc 4
2 aq¶mw ]Xn¸nsâ apJhpc 8
3 c£nXmhnsâ \ma¯nÂ 12
4 hoSvIqSpt¼mÄ `mcytbmSv A\pI¼ ImWn¡pI 15
5 `mcybpsS XebnÂ ssI sh¨v sIm−v {]mÀ°n¡pI 17
6 Z¼XnIfpsS H¶n¨pÅ \akvImcw 19
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7 kwtbmKw sN¿pt¼mgpÅ {]mÀ°\ 21
k¿nZv kAv^À kzmZnJv 8 `mcysb kao]nt¡− cq]w 22
9 KpZ ssaYp\w \njn²w 26
10 c−v kwtbmK§Ä¡nSbnÂ hpfpshSp¡Â 31
11 kwtbmK§Ä¡nSbnepÅ Ipfn 32
12 Z¼XnamcpsS H¶n¨pÅ Ipfn 33
13 henb Aip²nbpÅhÀ Dd§p¶Xn\v ap¼v hpfqAv sN¿Â 38
14 Cu hpfphnsâ hn[n 41
-‫ رﻤﺣﻪ اﷲ‬- k‫ﺤﻣﻤﺪ ﻧﺎﺮﺻ ا ﻳﻦ اﻷﻛﺎ‬ 15 henb Aip²nbpÅh\v hpfphn\v ]Icw Xb½pw sN¿mw 44
16 Ipfn¡Â GÁhpw D¯aw 45
‫ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺳﻌﻔﺮ ﺻﺎدق‬:‫ﺗﺮﻤﺟﺔ‬
17 EXpaXnIsf kwtbmKw sN¿Â \njn²w 46
Web edition by: 18 EXpaXnsb kwtbmKw sNvbXmepÅ {]mbvinNn¯w 50
19 EXpaXnbnÂ \n¶v A\phZ\obamb Imcy§Ä 51
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21 AkvÂ A\phZ\obw 58
22 AkvÂ Dt]£n¡Â D¯aw 61
23 hnhmlw sIm−pÅ Dt±iw 66
24 hnhmlZn\w sNt¿− Imcy§Ä 68
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25 ho«nÂ Ipfnapdn \nÀº\\v[w 70 apJhpc

26 InS¸dclky§Ä ]ckys¸Sp¯p¶Xv \njn²w 73
27 hnhmlkZy \nÀº\v[w 75
28 hnhmlkZybnÂ {]hmNI Ncy 77
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29 amwkw IqSmsXbpÅ hnhmlkZybpw A\phZ\obw 82
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30 hnhmlkZy Hcp¡phm³ [\nIÀ¡v klmbn¡mw 83
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36 \njn²amb Imcy§fpÅ kZyIÄ Dt]£n¡pI 95 LfjH Lm*jujMk![. akc[hj;cao|; ijCkÓ
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41 aX\nbaw [n¡cn¡Â \njn²w 123 déê uksm wJijf vgUujHseM dlgU; sv$kd
42 kzÀ® tamXnchpw, AXvt]msebpÅhbpw kv{XoIÄ¡v \njn²w 149 su'k=f[. :ufjrlH Qgk akc[hj; fsRy wJijf
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44 Z¼XnamÀ¡pÅ Hky¯v 168 alf{dlekgk<rluj cIJdgjS)!fk![. :Pkrjd
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fsRy glijhk;, edhjhk;, g|cU \jhk; egcU Selsh SvG\jMk![, t'lH clPlgn ilur
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dX ~kDlgjuk; akc[hjak; K`gj&fk;, Lf[Selsh LH~lrj rHdk'k![. Tf[ |pJc[ rjplr Clc[Yf
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5 6
vG&uln[, en[}jfØlG)[ alYf; KeSulzs/mk

'fluf[ sdl![fs' LfjsRy ijiG\r; Tijsm
SvG\jMj#. Lf[ Selsh fs' TO ekc[fd
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Liclraluj L#l|k Tsflgk cHdG+aluj B *X c[fkfj)kduk;, LiSrlm[ B*X
cIJdgj)sMsu'k;, Sdgx akc[hJ*X)[ Kedlg c|lu; Svl pj)kduk;, eleSalvrik; Sfmkduk;
YepalisMsu'k; YelGÒj)kduln[. sv$k'k, B*xjsh ~kÓjakMkdxjH rj'k;, vJ\
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cpl ClÔjuk;, calPlrik; iG<j)kalylisM, 'k, L#l|k cØlGz; rHdjuisr iqjSdmj
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uk; Yeilvdrkalsn'k; BlR clÊU; i|j)k'k.
cOpjLSy~U َ ُ ْ ُ ْ ُ ْ ََ " " ُ ُ َ َ َ َُ " َ َ ُ " ُ َ َ " َ ُّ َ َ
(‫ِﻳﻦ آﻣﻨﻮا اﻳﻘﻮا اﷲ " ﺣﻖ ﻳﻘﺎﺗ ِ ِﻪ وﻻ ﻳﻤﻮﻳﻦ إﻻ وأﻏﺘﻢ ﻣﺴﻠِﻤﻮن‬+‫)ﻳﺎﻛﻓﻬﺎ ا‬
(102 :‫)آل ﻋﻤﺮان‬
ÞcfUijCIlcjdsx, rj*X L#l|ksi coÊjS)!
aky Yedlg; coÊj)kd. rj*X akc[hJ*xluj
s)l!#lsf agj)lrjmuldgkf[ß é:hkT;ylR- 102ê
7 8
َْ ََ َ َ َْ ْ ُ ََ َ " ُ " ُ" ُ َ ُّ َ َ

‫ِي ﺧﻠﻘﻜ ْﻢ ﻣِﻦ ﻏﻔ ٍﺲ َواﺣِﺪةٍ َوﺧﻠﻖ ﻣِﻨﻬﺎ‬+‫)ﻳﺎﻛﻓﻬﺎ اﺠ"ﺎس اﻳﻘﻮا َرﺑﻜ ْﻢ ا‬ pofsruk; :G Lrkcgj)k'kSil LiR a|\l
َ َُ َ ََ " َ
u ijwu; Srmjujgj)k'kß éL|[ cl~[ - 70-71ê
ُ" ً َ َ ً َ ً َ َُْ " ََ َ َ َْ
‫ـﺎءﻟﻮن ﺑِـ ِﻪ‬ ‫ِي ﺗﺘﺴ‬+‫ﺎء َواﻳﻘـﻮا اﷲ " ا‬‫زوﺟﻬﺎ وﺑﺚ ﻣِﻨﻬﻤﺎ ِرﺟﺎﻻ ﻛﺜِﺮﻴا وﻧ ِﺴ‬ ]Ëik; r# iG\alr; L#l|kijsRy Yzr[F
ً َ ْ ُ َْ َ َ َ َ " َ َ َْ َ ik;, r# cØlGÏ; YeilvdR ak|+péêukSmfkal
(1:‫واﻷرﺣﺎم إِن اﷲ " ﺎﻛن ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ رﻗِﻴﺒﺎ( )ﺳﻮرة اﻟﻨﺴﺎء‬ dk'k, ]Ëik; vJ\ulu dlgU; pJrjH ekfkfl
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TnSuuk; c{<[mj)kduk;, LiG TgkigjH Sdmkdxksmuk; egUiclr; rgd\jSh)kaldk'k.
rj'kaluj Plglx; ekgk<Ølsguk; c[YfJdsxuk;
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ijsr rj*X coÊj)kijR. ]sflgk L#l|kij sdl&k d{fj "plÙfU agUlpdX Yeilvd vgUujHß
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ُ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ ْ ُ ً َ ً َ ُ ُ َ ُ " ُ َ َ " َ ُّ َ َ
‫اﷲ " َوﻗﻮﻟﻮا ﻗ ْﻮﻻ ﺳﺪِﻳﺪاﻳﺼﻠِﺢ ﻟﻜ ْﻢ أﻗﻤﺎﻟﻜ ْﻢ‬ ‫آﻣﻨﻮا اﻳﻘﻮا‬ ‫ِﻳﻦ‬+‫)ﻳﺎﻛﻓﻬﺎ ا‬ KXs/mk\jsdl!ln[ TO efj/jy)k'f[. L#l|k
ً َ ً ْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َُ ُ َ َ َ ْ ُ ْ َ َ ْ ُ َ ُُ ْ ُ َ ْ َْ َ
ij(H Tf[ iGÓj)k' Qgk cHdG+alisM
) (‫ـﻮزا ﻋ ِﻈﻴﻤـﺎ‬‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﺎز ﻓ‬d‫وﻳﻐ ِﻔﺮ ﻟﻜﻢ ذﻧﻮﺑﻜﻢ وﻣﻦ ﻳ ِﻄﻊ اﷲ " ورﺳﻮ‬ su'[ :Yz|j&[sdl!ln[ Tfjr[ akfjgk'f[.
L#l|k eyuk'k
(71-70 :‫ﺳﻮرة اﻷﺣﺰاب‬ ُ َ َ َ ُ "َ َ ُ ُْ ََ
(12-‫ﺎرﻫ ْﻢ( )ﺳﻮرة ﻳﺲ‬ ‫) وﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﻮا وآﺛ‬
ÞcfUijCIlcjdsx, rj*X L#l|ksi coÊj)k
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selyk\[ fgjduk; sv$k;. L#l|ksiuk; LisRy YeilvdRéê eyuk'kî
9 10
َ َ ُ ُ َْ َ ُ َ َ ْ َ ُ ُ ُْ ْ َ َ َُ َ َ ً ُ َ َ َ ْ َ
‫ﻮر ﻣﻦ ﺗﺒِﻌ ﻪ ﻻ ﻓﻨﻘﺺ ذﻟ ِﻚ‬
ِ ‫ ﻣِﻦ اﻷﺟ ِﺮ ﻣِﺜﻞ أﺟ‬d ‫) ﻣ ُﻦ دﺨ إِﻰﻟ ﻫﺪى ﺎﻛن‬
(‫ﻮرﻫ ِْﻢ ( )رواه ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬
ُ ْ
ِ ‫ﻣِﻦ أﺟ‬
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17 18
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19 20
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C : { )k U B : { T ! 5 * 0 s \ K %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a

U ?%@I 3 K:9 "# ? F Z 3 F): Z 3 Z
;Z\#z s7 ; 5 o : d^ $4 ) : 9 @I :M.* ; W r
27 28
? )k )w ,$ " # eY*w _ 'U NU ?K:9 3 K:9 "# - YeilvdRéê eyukduk!lujî Þ>lgUukaluj zkp
ssaFkr; svu[fisg L#l|k Srl)kduj#ß
;e#7^ ;"K79 3 érclT, fjGajpj, T~[rk |j^lR t'jiG T~[rk
L^lcjH rj'[ K`gj&f[. TfjsRy crp[
ÞQglX YeilvdSrlm[ c[YfJdxksm zkp\jhosm
|crldk'k. fjGajpj Tfjsr |crl)jujMk![ê
c;Sulz; sv$k'fjsr/Ëj Svlpj)kduk!luj
LS/lX YeilvdRéê eyukduk!luj, LrkiprJ
LÖ[î
ualdk'k. L*jsr LulX am*j SeluS/lX
Lulsx am)j ijxj)kilR eyÉk. t'jM[ Svlpj&k "r 3 ( ) : # ) " # 'B % # %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a 4_ < 7 M I
M
t*jsruln[ rJ eyÉf[? ]f[ zk|Uliui\jho
smuln[ rJ Svlpj&f[? éYeilvdR QSg LGÒak= ;"K79 :e*
ao'[ iUfUc[F ep*X KeSulzj&[ sdl![ Svl
YeilvdRéê eyukduk!lujî Þc[YfJdxksm
pj)kduk!lujê c[YfJdxksm ej'jH rj'[ Sulrj
zkp\jhosm c;Sulz; sv$k'iG Cej)s/M
ujhosmulsn(jH LrkiprJualdk'k, t'lH
igldk'kß éT~[rk Lpj$[ KD[~f[~[rk :ajyjH
ej'jH rj'[ zkp\jhosmulsn(jH eËkduj#,
rj'[ |crluj K`gj&f[, Tfjr[ sfxjiluj
dlgn; L#l|k cfU; sixjil)k' dlgU\jH
L~opliop[ L~o|kssyyujH rj'[ aGEo|luj
hwwj)k'j#. rj*X c[YfJdxkaluj zkpssaFkr;
KÓgj& Qgk |pJck; domj dlnl;ê
sv$kilR elmj#ß éTal; ClEj, ss~LDj, plgjaj,
fI|lij t'jiG K`gj&f[. TfjsRy crp[ :y[î
cI|J|ldk'kê K : 9 3 8 : # o b { ) "
# : %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a eD @4 MI

rlh[î ; %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a ^, G4 T

` H M > ! V : T ^. U K
4 >4 H 4_ : * w M I %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a eD @4 MI
jk * , 7 l YeilvdRéê eyukduk!lujî Þ:sg(jhk;
:G\idlgjSuSul, >lgUuksm zkp\jhosmSul caJ
;K : 9 3 ( ) : # ej)kdSul, SwlHcUsr caJej&[ LiR eyuk'f[
ijCIcj)kdSul svu[flH LiR ak|+p[
r~jéêê)[ Ty)jufjH LijCIcj &jgj)k'kß
29 30
éL~opliop[, fjGajpj, T~[rk alw, t'jigk;, Þ:sg(jhk; fsRy >lgUukaluj c;Sulz;

rclT fsRy |kc[rkH |j<[y t' Yzr[F\jhk;, svu[ffjr[ SC<; iJ!k; :iG\j)kilR KS`Cj
plgjaj, L|[ap[ t'jigk; K`gj&f[ß )kdulsn(jH LiR ikxkL[ sv$SM. éSisy
yjS/lGMjH K=f[ - rac[dlg\jr[ Si!juk=
ikxkL[ Selshê dlgn; Lf[ am*kilR KHcl|;
rHdk'fln[ß éakc[hj;, T~[rk L~JssC~
fsRy akcI'Ejhk;, L|[ap[, L~ork ss|;
fsRy fIj^[ t' djfl~jhk; K`gj&f[. rl;
éLH~lrjê cI|J|[ L~Jpliop[ t' Yzr[F\jH
216-l; rÙyluj cI|J|l)juf[
Ggv: F«v:
c−v kwtbmK§Ä¡nSbnÂ
hpfpshSp¡Â kwtbmK§Ä¡nSbnepÅ Ipfn
:sg(jhk; Tc[hl; Lrkipj& goe\jhosm Tnukaluj ~r[Ps/Mfjr[ SC<; iJ!k;
fsRy >lgUukaluj c;Sulz; svu[ffjr[ SC<; ~r[Ps/mkilR KS`Cj)kdulsn(jH ikxksimk)k
iJ!k; :iG\j)kilR KS`Cj)kdulsn(jH 'fjSr)lxk; K\a; dkxj)hln[.
ikxkL[ sv$H Yeilvd vgUujH seMfln[.
dlgn; r~jéê eyuk'kî 2 u %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a e4 @ 4 '4 , U7 " H
` H -, * /
v V ;9 * ' 9 7 4 C ( % K T ^{ ) 2
3 ;? w 4_
( % x < 7 * ( c
M % I :M I s \ K ^H s \ K ^H * ( b !
; : u J
;;9 3 R! (!U ;8N% s?v :5*7 u T \ K M I ^{ N
31 32
< 7 ! c I 5 R b H " H

# %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a 4_
ÞL~JylEjTH rj'k; K`gj)k' |pJcjH
" M T c
rak)[ dlnl; r~jéê Qgk pjic; fsRy
I 4{ E @U ;(U *^* % ^, {
7 9 ( e ? ,
>lgUalsg akqkirk; cÕGCj)kduk!luj, t'jM[ 9 9 M !
QlSgl c[YfJuksm Lmk\[ rj'k; dkxj)kduk!luj,
LS/lX BlR Svlpj&kî L#Sul Yeilvdsg, @
;' I
c
t#l\jrk; domj Qgk dkxj dkxj&lH Selsg?
Þ:T<léyêeyuk'kîéBlrk; Yeilvd fjgkSarjéêuk;
LS/lX YeilvdRéê eyÉkî Tfln[ tËik; r# Qgk elYf\jH rj'[ dkxj)lyk!lujgk'k, B*xksm
c;c[dlgik;, K\aik;, CkÓj)[ r#fk;ß é L~opl ssddX alyj alyj : elYf\jSh)[ flq[\lyk
iop[, rclT fsRy |j<[y\k rjclL[hk;, !lujgk'k. ts' ijSM)o, ts' ijSM)o t'[
fI~[ylrj, L~orkss|; t'jigk; K`gj&f[ê
BlR eyuk'f[ isg YeilvdRéê sesM'[
sesM'[ si=; Sdlgj Qqj)kalujgk'k. :T<léyê
H³]Xv: eyuk'kî B*X g![Segk; ihju LCkÓj
uk=iglujgk'kß é~kDlgj, akc[hj;, L~oLilr
t'jiG Ligksm cI|J|jH K`gj&fê3
Z¼XnamcpsS H¶n¨pÅ Ipfn 3
Tijsm rl; arÍjhlS)! QgkdlgU; YeSfUd;
LH~lrjéyê KnG\k'k![.
>lgU >G\l)ØlG)[ Q'j&[ Qgk c[Fh\[
;I %< (%H _ a _ M<7 87H c*7 # cI H _ ¡7 5RbH "H
rj'[ dkxj)lik'fln[, >lgU >G\lijH rj'k;
>G\li[ >lgUujH rj'k; d![ sdl!lujgk'lhk; ÞBlR YeilvdrjH rj'[ rz[rf Qgj)hk;
Cgj. Tfj'[ sfxjiluj Qgkelm[ |pJckdxk![. d!jMj#ß
Q'[î vjh :xkdX TO |pJc[ ejmj&jM[ eyulyk![
>lgUl>G\l)ØlG)[ eg c[eg; rz[rf dlnlR
eËkdujs#'[. t'lH Tal; LH~lrj eyuk'f[
TO |pJcjsRy egÙgujH ~ydf[ t'[ Segk=
Qglxk![, LulxjH ~yd\j#lsu'ln[ Lfluf[
LulxjH rj'[ |pJc[ cIJdgj)kilR eËjs#'ln[.
33 34
4_ M I & ! ^{ ' T 2 4_ % I :M I 4 * : * NU B^{ 4 * : *

< 7 * :c
M
g![î
# # j k ! # ) 7 H 4_ < 7 * :c
M % I :M I 8^{ " 5*# " H ;¤ 4 " # ( # Y * ' $d {
G * c " # 4w 1

Þak:iju~[rk ss|péyêijH rj'[ rjSipr;î éBlR
:c % I :M I 1
% # # 1 )7 H ¢ { :M I 7 \ ! Svlpj&kî L#Sul Yeilvdsg, B*xksm rz[rf
w ' c ' :M , 3 o - . ' T 2 4_ dlnlR eËk'igk;, dlnlR elmj#lsf B*X
q < I £ < 7 *
M
coÊjS)!igk; :gln[? YeilvdRéê eyÉkî rJ
rjsRy rz[rf rjsRy >lgUuk;, rj Kmas/mk\ju
dlgn; LulX d=rk;, |pJc[ sdMjuk !l)k'I Lmja c[YfJdxk; Qqj&k=igjH rj'[ coÊj)kdê4
rkaldk'k. a|lrlu T~[rk |wykH Lc[D hlrj
fsRy hjclR t' djfl~jH TO |pJc[ TO 4
T~[rk KGi LH|Ùhj fsRy Þdildj~[ß t'
~ydf[ t'[ eyuk'ulxksm sdM[ dFulsn'[ djfl~jH eyuk'kî
eyÉjMk![. Lf[Selsh asËlgk pkG^halu
|pJcldk'k 1 2 ' U , :U l : *NU ( *7 ( T^ { # 2
;"*} 9:x 9:[* w , z%U (%K T^{ j 2 ;G 7*
Þ:sg(jhk; fsRy >lgUuksm Lmk\[ sv'lH Þ>lgU>G\l)ØlG :sg(jhk; fsRy >lgUukalSul,
ay cIJdgj)sM, rz[rf sixjil)k'isg Selsh Lmj ac[YfJukalSul c;Sulz; sv$kdulsn(jH
rj*X rz[rf sixjil)kilR elmj#ß éT~[rk Lixksm zk|Uc[FlrS\)[ Srl)kilR elmj#,
alw Kf[~~[rk L~[pkckhajujH rj'[ K`gj&f[, dlgn; L*jsr svu[flH LfjH K!ldk'
TfjH L|[ic[ ~[rk |DJ; t'[ eyuk' dkMjdX Lr[P Ølglujgj)k;ß t' TO |pJck;
Qglxk![ LulX pkG^hrldk'k, TS`|s\ sdMjuk!l)jufldk'k, Lf[ cIJdgj)kilR
~ockgj LSulzUrl)jujMk![, Lf[Selsh TfjsRy sdl=j#. dlgn; Tal; L~k :fj; :Gylcj
crpjH Sisyuk; Selglu[adxk![. ihJp[~[rk uk;, T~[rk |j^lrk;, Tisg ejReËj sdl![ T
LHDlcj; LH|aplrj t'[ eyuk' yjS/lGMG ~[rkH wOcjuk; Tf[ aOxo|[ ésdMjuk!l)juf[ê
LSul zUrldk'k, dlgn; LSÓ|s\ T~[rk :sn'[ eyÉjMk![. LS/lX pÙfjdX)[ egc[e
aTOR éx|JE[ê LSulzUrl)jujMk![ :)jujMk![ê. g; f*xksm CgJg\jsRy t#l>lz* xjSh)k;
35 36
LS`|; eyuk'kî BlR Svlpj&kî L#Sul Ye henb Aip²nbpÅhÀ Dd§p¶Xn\v

ilvdsg, B*X éekgk<ØlGê alYfalsn(jShl? L
S/lX YeilvdRéê eyukduk!luj rjr)[
ap¼v hpfqAv sN¿Â
Lisg rjsRy rz[rf dlnj)lfjgj)kilR clPj
c;Sulz; svu[f pÙfjdX ikxkL[ svu[fl
)ksa(jH rJ Lisg dlnj)gkf[. iJ!k; BlR
n[ KyS*!f[. Lfjr[ sfxjiluj Qgkelm[ |pJck
Svlpj&kî L#Sul Yeilvdsg, B*xjH Qgk\R
dX YeilvdvgUujH dlnlrlik;.
cIÔalsn(jShl? LS/lX YeilvdRéê eyukd
uk!lujî wr*sx)lX LirjH hww)[ LG|R Q'[î
L#l|kildk'kß éL~opliop[, fjGajpj, T~[rk alw,
rclT |j<[y\k'j clTH, L|[ap[, ss~Ldjuk; ; Tk* ' 9 7 2 %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a ed @4 ' T :c I 5 R b H " H
; 8 N%
K`gj&f[. |lDj; cI|J |l)kduk; LfjSrlm[ Tal;
pL~j Sulwj)kduk; svu[fjMk![. Tal; rclT 4 kv4 ) ( : U J B K - *
TO LPUlu\jr[ rHdjuf[ Þ>G\lijsRy rz[rf :T<léyêijH rj'[ rjSipr;î Þr~jéê ihju
ujSh)[ >lgUuksm SrlM;ß t'ldk'k. LCkÓjuk=S/lX Ky*kilSrl, é>Ên; dqj)kil
Srlê KS`Cj)kdulsn(jH rac[dgj)kilR ikxk
simk)k'f[ Selsh ikxksimk)lyk!lujgk'kß
]¯v: é~kDlgj, akc[hj;, L~o Lilr, LH~lrj fsRy
cI|J|[ L~JpliopjH 218 -l; rÙyluj fD[gJwk;
rm\ju |pJc[ê
g![î
Srl)hk;, zk|Ul iui; isg c[eGCj)hk; TO
|pJcjsRy Lmjc[Flr\jH LrkiprJualdk'k, K ! ^ { -
* ! M <7* :M I:G H ':V H _ ¡7 :GH " "H
dlgn; zk|Uliui; sdl! i'[ckDsamk)H
LrkiprJualn[ :ufjrlH LfjSh)[ Srl)hk;, 3 ;! C ,t:T2 kv) :5*7 3 ;kv4 ) 2 ! :M I J
B
Lf[ c[eGCj)hk; CgJg\jsh aËk
Liui*sxSelsh LrkiprJualdk'kß
Tfldk'k alhjdjsRyuk;, aËk=igksmuk; ap[|~[.
37 38
, ! :y: & 3 ;? r 2 * e{ C kv ,! :5*7 ao'[î
I %4 < ( % H 4_ `
w 5B C NC M 4 a 4_ < 7 '4 ¦
M , * " 7 V 4 H " H
;?r ' kv*
T~[rk KaGéyêijH rj'[ rjSipr;î ÞKaGéyê ' 4w J §
n ¨ GD o P : U
5 5
b NP
% : . )
YeilvdRéê Sulm[ Svlpj&kî L#Sul Yeilvdsg, ;k v4 *
ihju LCkÓjuk= igluj B*xjH :sg(jhk;
L+lyk~[rk ulcjyjHéyêrj'[ rjSipr;î Þao'lxk
Ky*lSal? YeilvdR éê eyÉkî LSf, ikxk
dsx ah)kdX caJej)kduj#. cfUrjS<Pjuksm
simk\lHî asËlgk yjS/lGMjH i'f[ TYedlgaln[
w}s\uk;, DhoD[ éLy~jd X)jmujsh c[YfJdX
ÞrjsRy zk|Uliui; dqkdkd, ikxksimk)kd,
Plglxaluj KeSulzj)k' dk(kaik; aËk eh
ej'Jm[ Ky*kdß Sisylgk yjS/lGMjH T*sruk;
ic[fk)xk; SvG' Qgkfg; ckzr[P;ê t'
dlnlik'fln[ ÞLsf, ikxksimk)kd, KS`Cj)k
ckzr[P; Plglxaluj KeSulzj)k'isruk;, ikxk
dulsn(jH dkxj)kduk;, SC<; Ky*kduk;
simk)l\ ihju LCkÓj uk=isruk;ß éTO
sv$kdß sisy Qgk yjS/lGMjhk=f[ ÞLsf, rJ
|pJc[ |crldk'k, L~opliop[ g![ alGz\jhosm
KS`Cj)kdulsn(jH ikxksimk)kdß é~kDlgj,
fsRy ckrrjhk;, L|[ap[, fI|lij, ss~ LDj
akc[hj;, L~oLilr, T~[rk LcldjG, g!las\
t'jigk;, fjGajpjuk; aËk=igk; cI|J|l)jufk;.
yjS/lGM[ cI|J|[ L~Jpliopjhk;, ao'las\
LH~lrj eyuk'kî TfjH vjh L>jYelu*X K![
yjS/lGM[ akc[hj;, L~JLilr, ss~LDj t'ji
Lf[ fsRy xTOE[ ckrrkL~JpliopjH ijCpJd
gk;, Liclrs\ yjS/lGM[ T~[rk Dksscauk;
gj&jMk![. t'lH Q'las\ alGz\jhosm
T~[rk |j^lrk; Ligksm cI|J|jhk; K`gj&
i'|pJcjsRy il vd*X)[ g![ clÊjdX
fldk'k.ê5
domjuk![ Lf[ ss|caj fsRy LHaw[aThk;
5
Liclrs\ yjS/lGMjsRy Lmjc[Flr\jH éTf[ sdl!ln[ L~Jpliop[ |crl )juf[ê
ikxkL[ rjG^r[Paj# t'ln[, Tf[ fs'uln[
rjG^r[Paj#lsu'[ rak)jfjH rj'k; YeSfUdj&[
>ogjeÊ eN}jfØlgksmuk; L>jYelu;.
arÍjhl)lik'fln[. rJ YCÓj)kd.
fkmG'[igk' ac[Lh ujH TfjsRy ijCpJdgn;
igk'fln[, T*sruln[ dlgUsa(jH ihju
LCkÓjuj#l\iG)[ Ky*kilR ikxkL[ fjsg
39 40
fI~ylrj fsRy d~Jyjhk; K`gj&fldk'k : sfxjildk'k ihju LCkÓjuk=i'[ Ky*kilR

sfxjikdXê ikxoL[ rjG^r[Pa#lsu'k=fjr[ê
TO L>jYelus\ Q'kdomj ~hs/mk\k
'fln[ :T<léyê ijsRy |pJc[.
]Xns\m¶v K - * %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a 4_ < 7 ' T c
M I 5 R b H " H
;U 12 ^ -.* e{ ? # i4 G * ' } " # J
B
Cu hpfphnsâ hn[n
:T<léyê eyuk'kî ÞYeilvdfjgkSarjéê
akdxjH rl; ijCpJdgj& ikxoL[ rjG^r[ si=; sflmlsf ihju LCkÓjuk=irlujgjs)
Pa#, ayj&[ Cd[fjulu ck'\ldk'k, Lfln[ Ky*lyk!lujgk'k, éKy)jH rj'[ KnG'fjr[
KaGéyêijsRy |pJcjH rj'[ rak)[ Yz|j)kilR SC<; dkxj)kalujgk'kêß éT~[rk L~J ssC~,
clPj)k'f[. fjGajpj, L~Jpliop[, T~[rk alw, rclT fsRy
B K ! ^ { - * ! M <7* :Mk <:G H '
. U J |j<[yujhk;, fI|lij, fIulhjcj, L|[ap[, ~z[ij,
! :M

L~ou|[h fsRy akc[rpj hk;, ss~|Dj- |lDj;
;?r ' kv* t'jiG t'jiG f*xksm cI|J|jhk; K`gj&f[.
LH~lrj fsRy 99 ªY a H 223-l; rÙG :uj
KaGéyê YeilvdRéê Sulm[ Svlpj&kî
ÞL#Sul Yeilvdsg, ihju LCkÓjuk=igluj cI|J |l)juf[. LEJEk`JR fsRy ~*^ { F < t'
B*xjH :sg(jhk; Ky*lSal? YeilvdRéê Yzr[F\jH 6-l; rÙG |pJcluj T*sr eyuk'kî
eyÉkî Lsf, rJ KS`Cj)kdulsn(jH ikxk Þ:sg(jhk; glYfjuksm Liclr cau\[ Kn
simk)kdß éT~[rk |j^lR fsRy ssCDlu G'lH, t'jM[ fsRy >lgUukaluj c;Sulz;
T~[rkDksscaujH rj'[ K`gj&f[. |lEjx[ fsRy sv$kilR KS`Cj)kduk; svu[flH LiR
svu[f[ dkxj)sMß TfjsRy crpjH L~o
fHDJcjH(© p%) ê eyuk'k TO |pJcjsRy a
|rJEéyê domj K![. T~[rk L^lcjH rj'[
cI|Jss|rjujH K=fln[. t'lH ? r ' t'f[ do T~[rk L~JssC~ |crlu crpjhosm yjS/lGM[
mlsf. LH~lrj eyuk'kî ? r ' t'f[ cI|J|[ sv$k'kî Þ:sg(jhk; fsRy >lgUukaluj c;
akc[hj ajH i'fln[. Tf[ ixsg iUd[falu Sulz; svu[f[ iJ!k; :iG\j)nsa'[ KS`
41 42
Cj&lH Li'[ dkxj ejÔj/j)k'f[ sdl![ ijSgl cg\jhk; QSgSelshulujgk'kß ÞcI|J|lu

Paj#ß. crpjhosm ac[yoDjH rj'[ CL~juksm
cTOp[~[rk ac$j~jH rj'[ rjSipr;î Þihju gjilu\luj T~[rk L~JssC~ K`gj&f[. L|[ap[,
LCkÓjuk=iR KS`Cj)kulsn(jH ikxoL[ L~ou|[h t'jigk; K`gj&jMk![ TO |pJc[.
tmk)k'fj'[ akÙ[ Ky*sMß TfjsRy crp[ LH~lrj sisy Qgk gjilu\jhosmuk; K`gj&jMk!ê
cI|J|ldk'k, Tf[ fs'uln[ >ogjeÊ; en[}jf
Ølgksmuk; L>jYelu;.
)k U @ c I 5 R b H " H
( @* %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a 4_ M < 7 ' T c
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4 ( ! 2 U MB N henb Aip²nbpÅh\v hpfphn\v
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:M I ?' o # 7 3 :, # c % . U : B:D q# vjhS/lsq#l; ihju LCkÓjuk= pÙfj
:T<léyêujH rj'[ fs' sisy Qgk alG)[ ikxkij'[ edg; fu+k; sv$lik'fln[.
9 7 k U J I 5 R b H " H
yjS/lGM[ ÞYeilvdfjgkSarjéê ihju LCkÓj 2 %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a 4_ < 7 ' T :c
M
uk=irlujgjs) Ky*lyk!lujgk'k, L*jsr
~jhlH i'[ rac[dlg\jr[ ~l([ sdlmk)k;, ;G) , kv4 ) - * '
fkmG'[ r~jéê tqkS'Ë[ dkxj)k;, LS`|\jsRy :T<léê eyuk'kî Þr~jéê wrl~\k
fhujH rj'k;, CgJg\jH rj'k; si=; =irluj Ky*lrkS`Cj&lH ikxksimk )lyk![,
KËjiJqk'f[ BlR Srl)lyk!lujgk'k, ej'Jm[ Ls#(jH fu+k; sv$lyk!lujgk'kß éss~LDj
e=jujSh)[ ekys/mkduk;, ck~|j rac[dlg\jH |jFla[~[rk Lhj$jH rj'[ K`gj&f[. Ef[|kH
rj'[ LS`|\jsRy C~[p; BlR SdX)kduk; ~lgjujH |lEjx[ eyuk'kî TfjsRy crp[
sv$lyk!lujgk'k, ej'Jm[ SrlÙjH fs' fkmgk |crldk'k. LH~lrj eyuk'kî éT~[rk L~J
duk; sv$lyk!lujgk'k. ak\gjE[ eyuk'kî BlR ssC~ |jFlajH rj'[ aODoEluj :T <léyêujH
:ajyjSrlm[ Svlpj&kî Lf[ yaxl rjhlujgkS'l? rj'[ K`gj)k'kî éwrl~\[ ~lPj& QglX
LS`|; eyÉkî Lsf, yaxlrjhk;, aËk=ui
43 44
Ky*kilR KS`Cj)k'i'[ Si!sfÔlsn'[ QlSgl dlgU\jhk; ijClhf rHdju L#l|kij'[

Svlpj&S/lX :T<léyê eyÉkî Þikxksimk)sM, cG% c[fkfjuk;ß éakc[hj; L~oLilr, L|[ap[ê
Ls#(jH fu+k; sv$sMê TfjsRy crp[ cI|J
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:T<léyêSulm[ Svlpj&kî ihju LCkÓjuk
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aln[ :G\idlgjukaluj c;Sulz; sv$H
eyuk'kî L*srsu#l; YeilvdR sv$lyk!l
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ujgk'k, vjhS/lX dkxj&[ Ky*k;, vjhS/lX
QlSgl :xkdxk; LyjÉjgjS! dlgUikalnjf[.
ikxksimk\[ Ky*k;, LS/lX BlR éylijê eyÉkî
45 46
ZM\jH rj*X c[YfJdxjH rj'[ Ld'[

1 ! k * ( ! Y @ < 4_ M >! kU 1 2 " H %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a 4_ M < 7
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caJej)kilR elmj#. t'lH LiG CkvJdgj&[ 5 * 0 : &+ l Y P 3 ?
; £ D > H U y2 K I £ Y P " H

dqjÉlH L#l|k rj*Sxlm[ dHej &ijP\jH

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uk; L#l|k eC[vlflej)k'isg T<[ms/mk'k.
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>lgUuksm zkp\jhosm caJej)kdSul, SwlHcUsr ( !4 4U
. U 7
caJej&[ LiR eyuk'f[ ijCIcj)kdSul wofØlG f*xksm c[YfJdX :G\idlgjdxl
svu[flH LiR ak|+p[ r~jéê)[ Ty)jufjH sn(jH Lisg iJmkdxjH rj'[ eky\l)kduk;,
LijCIcj&jgj)k'kß éL~opliop[, fjGajpj, T~[rk Li Sglsml/; >Ên elrJu*X dqj)kdSul,
alwuk; aËk=igk; K`gj&f[ê Ligkaluj iJMjH domjdhgkdSul sv$kalujgk'j#.
g![î Tfjsr c;~ r[Pj&[ r~éêSulm[ Svlpj)s/Mk.
v , # " i LS/lX TO :u\jy*j Þ:G\is\/Ëj
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K 7 K % T * c c[YfJdxjH rj'[ Ld'[ rjHS)!fln[. LiG
CkÓjuldk'f[ isg Lisg caJej)kilR elmj#.
47 48
t'lH LiG CkvJdgj&[ dqjÉlH L#l|k

rj*Sxlm[ dHej&ijP\jH rj*X Ligksm ]Xn\©v
Lmk\[ sv'ksdl=kd. fJG&uluk; L#l|k
eC[vlflej)k'isg T<[ms/mk'k. CkvjfIl; EXpaXnsb kwtbmKw sNvbXmepÅ
elhj)k'isguk; T<[ms/mk'kß éLH~Dy - 222ê {]mbvinNn¯w
LS/lX YeilvdRéê eyukduk!luj rj*X
LiSglsml/; iJmkdxjH domjdhgkduk;, segkalyk :Gs)(jhk; fs' rjuYÔj)kilR dqj
duk; sv$kd, c;Sulza#lsf t#l; Ligkaluj ulsf :G\idlgj CkÓjuldk'fj'[ akÙluj
rj*X e(jmkd. LS/lX wofØlG eyukduk!lujî c;Sulz; svu[flH LiR ]dSpC; edkfj
TO ark<UR éYeilvdRê Qgk dlgUik; rS+lm[ wkssr|[ éT;z[xJ<[ cIGÑ rlnu;ê Plraluj
tfjglilsf ijSM&jMj#. L*jsr Ksscp[~[rk rHSd!fln[, Ls#(jH LfjsRy rlhjshlS'l
Kssxyk;, L^lp[~[rk ~<Jyk; i'[ YeilvdSrlm[ rHdn;.
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sRy akD; ijiGnaldkduk;, LS`|; B*Sxlm[
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B*X Lijsm rj'k; ekys/M[ Yeilvdr[ dky&[ rj'[ :G\idlgjsu c;Sulz; sv$k'fjsr
elH c+lraluj rHdj, L*jsr YeilvdR c;~r[Pj&[ yjS/lGM[ sv$k'kî LS`|; eyÉkî
Ligksm ej'lsh :sx Lu)kduk;, Sp<U; ÞLiR Qgk pJrlSyl Ls#(jH edkfj pJrlSyl
sdl![ B*sx dl!jMj#lsu'[ B*X cIpD sv$sMß é L~opliop[, fjGajpj, T~[rk alw,
ijvlgj)kduk; svu[fk.ß éakc[hjak;, L~oLil rclT, fI~ylrj fsRy d~Jyjhk; K`gj&f[.
ruk; f*xksm cI|J|jH K`gj&f[. cI|J|[ plgjaj, |lDj;, ss~LDj t'jiH ~kDlgjuksm
L~oplio pjH 250-l; rÙG :uj K`gj&f[ê CGS\lsm cI|J|luj K`gj&fk; |lDj; cI|J|l
)jufk;, pL~j LfjSrlm[ Sulvj)kduk; sv
u[fjMk![. Tal; LH~lrj fsRy cI|J|[ L~J
pliopjH 256-l; rÙG |pJcjH Sulvj)kduk;
svu[fjMk![ê
49 50
Lixkaluj caJej)sM éSulrjujsh c;Sulz;

Qqj&[ ~l)juk=f[ sv$sMê su'kaln[ß é~kDlgj,
akc[hj;, L~oLilr Ligksm cI|J|jH K`gj&f[,
]Xn\mdv Lf[Selsh cI|J|[ L~opliopjH 260-l; rÙG
:uj SaH eyÉ ilvd*Sxlsm K`gj&fê
ao'[î
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rak)[ dlnlik'fln[. YeilvdRéêuksm vjh >lgUalgjH rj'[ rjSipr;î
Q'[î Þr~j éê :G\idlgjujH rj'[ tsÔ(jhk;
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ej'Jm[ LS`|; KS`Cj)k'f[ sv$kalujgk'kß
YeilvdRéêeyuk'kî Þ … c;Sulz; Qqj&[ rj*X écI|j|[ L~JpliopjH 262-l; rÙyluj yjS/lGM[
t#l; sv$kdß éTO |pJc[ akdxjH i'jMk![ê svu[ff[. TfjsRy egÙg akc[hjajsRy rj~r[P
g![î rSulsm cI|J|luf[, T~[rk L~[pkH |lpj
2 ! ^ { : # k * %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a 4_ M < 7 ' T c I 5 R b H " H cI|J|l)kduk; Lfjsr T~[rk |wyk;, ss~L
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Pgj)kilrk; ej'Jm[ Lixksm >G\likaluj Cuj BÀ¯hImcn ip²nbmbmÂ
)kilrk; eyulyk!lujgk'k, Qgj)H eyÉf[ kao]nt¡−sXt¸mÄ
51 52
T~[rk akRpjG akwl|jp[, LfIlL[ t'jigjH

:G\i\jH rj'[ CkÓjuldkduk;, gd[f;
rj '[ yjS/lGM[ sv$k'kî éLiX é:G\idlgjê
rjh)kduk; svu[flH LiX fsRy zk|Uc[Flr;
CkÓj d!l H LiX ckzr[P; eoCk'fjrk;,
alYf; dqkdkdSul, ikxksimk)kdSul, dkxj)k
LiX dkxj)k'fj'[ akÙ[ >G\lir[ Lisx
dSul éTfjH ]sf(jhk; Q'[ê svu[flH Lixk
caJej)k'fj'k; ijSglPaj#ê Tf[ COdlrjuk;
aluj c;Sulz; sv$H LrkiprJualdk'k7
K`gj&jMk![.
7
Tfldk'k T~[rk|cajsRy L>jYelu;, LS`|;
LfIlL[, DfIlp t'jigjH rj'[ K`gj)k'kî T~[rk dFJG eyuk'kî é:G\idlgj
LiG g![ Segk; eyuk'kî Qgk :G\idlgj CkÓjulu fjr[ SC<; dkxj)lsf Ls#(jH
CkÓjulujsu'[ dlnkduk; LiX fsRy zk|U dkxj)kilR eËl\u icg\jH LiX
c[Flr; dqkdkduk; svu[flH Lixkaluj LrkiprJualu Licg\jH fu+k; sv$kdSul
>G\lijr[ c;Sulz; sv$lik 'fln[. Tf[ sv$lsf Lixkaluj c;Sulz; sv$kilR
fs'uln[ QOclT fsRy L>jYelualuj LrkiprJuas#'fjH en[}jfØlG SulwjMkM[.
~jplufkH akw[f|jpjH SgDs/mk\k'fk;. t'lH L~J |rJE eyuk'f[î :G\i\jsRy
domju egjPjulu e\[ pjic; :G\iak!luj
T~[rk |c; eyuk'kî érl; LfIlL[-H rj'[ gd[f; rjh&lH dkxj)lR dl\[ rjH)lsf
yj S/lGM[ svu[fjMk![ Qgk :G\idlgj CkÓjul CkÓjulujsu'[ d!lH Lixkaluj >G\lijr[
ujsu'[ dlnkduk; ikxksimk)kduk; svu[flH c;Sulz; sv$lik'fldk'kê 1í 260
Lixkaluj >G\lijr[ c;Sulz; sv$H Lrki
prJualn[. Tf[ fs'uln[ L~Jcksshal t'lH Tal; LH~lrj eyuk'f[î éSaH
rjsRyuk;, r+ksm t#l :xkdxksmuk; L>jYel eyus/M Tw[alL[ éSulwj/[ê Cgju#, akdxjH rl;
uik;.ê Lf[Selsh LfIlL[-H rj'[ T~[rk arÍjhl)j fl~jKdxjHs/M ao'[ ihju en[}j
L~JssC~ fsRy akcI'Ejhk; Tf[ SgDs/mk fØlglu akwl|jp[, DfIlp, LfIlL[ t'jiG
\jujMk![. eyuk'f[ :G\idlgj CkÓjululH dkxj)k
'fj'[ akÙ[ fs' >G\lij'[ Lixkaluj c;Sul
z; sv$lik'fldk'k, dlgU; T*srul ujgjs)
t*jsruln[ Tw[alL[ K!ldkd? :ufjrlH
53 54
L>jYeluiUfUlcak=, ijPj rm\kilR Yeulcak= )kilSrl, Lsfs#(jH e\[ pjic\jr[ akÙ[

dlgU*xjH sesM'[ ijPj rm\kilR elmjs#'[ CkÓjuldkdsu'[ YeSfUdal)kilSrl Lrkilp
vjÔj)k'iG)[ TfjH zknelAak![. Lf[Selsh aj#. Tf[ L~J |rjE)[ goeseM[ is'lgk
L*jsr ijPj YeDUlej&fjsr cfUs/mk\kdsu L>jYelu; alYfaldk'k, :u\jr[ ijegJfaluj
'k=fk; Tf[Selshuln[, YeSfUdj&[ Yeilvd i' L>jYelu; cIJdgj)kilR rak)[ rjGil|aj#,
vgUS)l, Tc[hlajdijPjS)l tfjglsn(jH. Tal; L~o|rJEéyêujH rj'[ cI |J|luj i'jMk
Lf[Selh\s' T~[rkdFJG L~o |rJEuksm ![ éB*X tijsmrj'ln[ sfxjsimks\sf'[
L>jYelualuj eyÉ dlgU; aËk=igk; c;Cu Lyjuk'js#(jH B*xksm L>jYelu*sx cIJd
S\lsm K`gj&jMk![. TO L>jYelus\/Ëj T~[rk gj)H :G)k; LrkiprJua# fs', dlgn;
|c; eyuk'kî éTO L>jYelu; LS`|\jH rj'[ B*X ark<Ugln[ T'[ Qgk L>jYelu; eyuk;,
i' iJq[vuldk'k, dlgn; Tf[ uFlGÒ\jH rlsx LfjH rj'[ B*X am*kduk; sv$k;.ê
sfxji[ domlsfuk= ijPjYec[Flialdk'k,
L~J|rJE)[ akÙ[ T*srsulgk L>jYelu;
:gk; fs' Yedmj/j &jMj#fs', Lf[Selsh LS` :ufjrlH sfxjijs'fjglu L>jYelu;
|\jr[ SC<ik; LS`|s\ ejReËjuig#lsf rak)[ cIJdgj)H t*jsr LrkiprJualdk;.
aËlgk; T*sr L>jYelus/MjMj#.ê ejs' rl; arÍjhlS)!f[ rl; ao'[ dlgU*xjH
fjsgsÉmk)kilrk= cIlfYÔU; rHdjuf[ égd[f;
DkGfk~j eyuk'kî3í79 é ulsflgk sfxjikaj#l dqkdj CkÓjul)kd, ikxksimk)kd, dkxj)kdê TO
sfuk= Qgk ijPj Yec[Flialdk'k Tf[ê Tf[sdl ao'[ dlgU*xjhk; :q éCkÓJdgj)kdê t' ep
!ln[ y<Jpkg yjxl eyÉf[î éTf[ ijvjYfalu Qgk \jsRy :Cu; Lm*jujMk![. T~[rk |c;
ijCpJdgnalsn'[ê Tfj'k= sfxji[ L#l|k eyuk'kî éikxksimk)H CkÓJdgj)hldk'k,
:u\jH :G\idlgjsu caJej)kilR rj~ LYedlg; fs'uln[ zk|Uliui; dqkdkd
r[Pr si&f[ LiX CkÓjul )kdsu'fln[, su'fk;, CgJg; akqkirk; dqkdhlu dkxjuk;
Lf[ si=; KeSulzj)hldk'k, SaH ijc[fgj&f[ CkÓJdgj)hldk'k, :G\i\jH rj'[ CkÓjulu
Yeldg; si=; KeSulzj&[ CkÓjul)kdsu'f[ c[YfJ TfjH ]sf(jhk; Q'[ cIJdgj&lH fs'
Ligksm CkÓj)[ LPjdalu Qgk dlgUaldk'k,
:ufjrlH CkÓjuldkdsu' rj~r[Pr T#lfl
55 56
L#l|k eyuk'kî
F4 J® { " # "4 K
4 d 4_ '4 4_ T : # )kU ' : 4 q) 2 U
>G\lij'[ Lixkaluj c;Sulz\jH ]Gs/mH
LrkiprJualdk'k,ê J
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alYfaln[ KS`Cj)k'sf'fj'[ sfxjij#, ayj&[
akdxjH ijigj& ao'[ goe\jhk= CkÓJdgnik; Þt'lH LiG CkvJdgj&[ dqjÉlH L#l|k
semk'fldk'k. TfjH ]sf(jhk; Q'[ svu[flH rj*Sxlm[ dHej& ijP\jH rj*X Ligksm
Lixkaluj >G\lij'[ c;Sulz \jShGs/mH Lmk\[ sv'ksdl =kd. fJG&uluk; L#l|k
LrkiprJualn[. Tfjsrfjgluj ck'\jH ulsfl eC[vlflej)k'isg T<[ms/mk'k. CkvjfI;
gk sfxjik; BlR d!jMj# T~[rk L^lcj sRy elhj)k'isguk; T<[ms/mk'kß éLH~Dy - 222ê
|pJc#lsf. LS`|; eyuk'kî é:sg(jhk;
:G\idlgjukaluj c;Sulz; svu[flH LiR
Yelu[C[vj\aluj Qgk pJrlG plr; sv$sM, Lf ]Xns\
]Xns\«v
Selsh LiX CkÓjulufjr[ SC<; dkxj)k'fj'[
akÙ[ Lixkaluj ~r[Ps/MlH LiR edkfj pJrlG AkvÂ8 A\phZ\obw
Yelu[C[vj \aluj plr; sv$sMê t'lH TO
|pJc[ pkG^h aldk'k. TfjsRy crpjH L~[pkH zG>; fmuk'fj'[ Si!j >lgUujH rj'[
dgJa[~[rk L~Jha |lgjD[ L~oKa$î t' :X >G\l ijsRy CkÜ; eky\[ dxuk'f[ Tc[hlajH
xTOE[ :sn'fjH Tw[alL[ K![. t'lH LrkiprJu aldk'k. Tfjr[ sfxjiluj Qgkelm[
vjhulxkdX ijvlgj)k'f[ cjd\lu L~[pkH |pJckdX K![.
dgJ; LHwcgj L~l cTOp[ LH|Gylrj Q'[î
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dlgUaldk'k. alYfik a# Trj crp[ Cgjulsn(jH Cj)lR Lrkipj)lsf eky\[ dxuk'fjrln[.
fs' TfjsRy af[rjH sfxji[ ejmj)k'fjH
rj'k; fmuk' Tx[fjyl~[ K![flrk;. :ufjrlH
TO |pJc[ pkG^haln[.
57 58
4T :5*7 3 ;M > * ' +: . M > ! 4T :M I (H _ ¡7 :, " H !luj, trj)[ Qgk Lmja c[YfJuk![ BlR LigjH
rj'[ Lc[H rm\lyk![, BlR aËk= ekgk<ØlG
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LiR KSeÊj)sMß é akc[hj;, L|[ap[, fI|lij
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T~[rk fJaj$uksm Eflilujhk; dlnlrlik; - :T<léyêujH rj'[ rjSipr;îÞQgk pjic;
4í143. YeilvdRéê tsRyumk\[ YeSiCj)kduk!luj
g![î t'jM[ Svlpj&kî Þrj*xksmumks\sÔ(jhk; KS!l?
LS/lX BlR eyÉkî T#. YeilvdRéê eyÉkî
r ' ( ! } # D q P b
? 4 : %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a 4_ < 7 M I
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iJ!k; i'k, YeilvdRéê igk'fj'[ aksÙrj)[
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Lrk<[mj)k'iR cIÔ; CgJg\jsRy LaJyldk'k, Blrf[ LS`|\jH rj'k; Qxj/j&[ si&k, dlgn;
LiR KS`Cj)k'ksi(jH SrlÙ[ eoG\jul)sM,
YeilvRéê ss|c[ ixsguPjd; T<[ms/Mjgk'k,
LiR KS`Cj)kdulsn(jH SrlÙ[ akyj)sMß
L*jsr :T<léyêeyÉkî L#Sul Yeilvdsg,
érclT fsRy dk~[yujhk;, |lDj;, ss~LDj
rak)[ ss|c[ |p[u rHdjujMk![, Blrf[ fl(
t'jigk; K`gj&f[. |lDj; TfjsRy crp[
cI|J|lsn'[ eyukduk; LfjSrlm[ Tal; pL xjH rj'k; ay&[si&jgj)kduln[. YeilvdRéê
~j Sulwj)kduk; svu[fjMk![ê. Lf[ sdl![ igkilR : iCUs/Mksdl![ eyukd
ao'[î uk!lujî t'lH BlR Ky)jH rjs'qkS'Ëf[
( % H 4_ ` I H _ ¡7 5 R b H " H

SrlÙ[dlgrluj sdl!ldk'k, t'jM[ Yeilvd
4 a 4_ M < 7
4 H &9 : c fjgkSarjéê LfjH rj'[ >Êj)kduk!luj, fkmG
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' T ( # ( / k @ pU ,i{ 2
i J
d ® B 4 Z ^K Î - 1 ekys/mk'isrSelshuldk'k, LiR KS`Cj)k
'ksi(jH LiR cIpD sv$sM, LiR KS`Cj)k
89 90
'ksi(jH Lf[ cIpD sv$lsf ejmj&[ si)k YeilvdRéê eyukduk!lujî rj*X)[Si!j

duk; sv$sMß érclT cI|J|lu crSplmkdomj rj*xksm cS|lpgR vjhiqj)kduk;, Ênj)k
K`gj&f[ê duk; svu[fjMk![, ej'Jm[ LS`|S\lm[ eyÉkî rJ
SrlÙ[ KSeÊj)kd, Lfj'[ edgaluj Sisy
ap¸¯nc−v pjic; rJ KS`Cj)k'ksi(jH SrlÙrk<[mj)kdß
éss~LDj| crlu crSpl mkdomj K`gj&f[.
LH~lrj eyuk'kî fI~[ylrj fsRy QOc\jH
kp¶¯mb t\m¼v hot«−XnÃ K`gj&jMk![ Lf[ fsRy éLH~lrjê TGil|jH
1952-l; rÙyluj ijigj&jMkak![ê.
ck'\lu SrlÙ[ KSeÊj&lH Lfj'[
edgaluj SrlÙ[ iJSM!fj#. Tfj'[ g![ g![î

|pjckdX sfxjikdxluj rak)[ dlnlR clPj ' V % < F &+ %4 < ( % H %4 `4 a _ M<7 ' 5 Y " H
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; ;' V % < § â :5*7 3 'V%< MI # ~# , rjrs)lgk dm/lmk![ê rjsRy >lgUSulm[ rjrs)lgk
dm/lmk![, Lf[sdl![ rJ SrlÙrk<[mj)kd,
L~Jwoss|EujH rj'[î ÞYeilvdfjgkSarj
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clS|lpgU ~r[P; c[Flej&k, LS`|; eyuk'kî
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:iCUaj#, LS/lX L~opGplL[ igkduk; L[Srlm[ eyukduk!lujî L#Sul L~lpGplL[
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LS/lqfl LS`|; eyuk'kî BlR SrlÙkdlg é~kDlgj, fjGajpj, ss~ LDj, T~[rk LcldjGê.
rln[. cHalR eyukduk!lujî BlR cfU;
sv$k'k, rjs' BlR SrlÙ[ KSeÊj/j)kdfs'
93 94
dlnkduk; svu[fS/lX Kmsr am*kduk;

ap¸¯naq¶v svu[fk. Lhjéyê eyuk'kî ÞL#l|k fs'uln[,
cfU;, L#Sul Yeilvdsg tÔln[ fl(sx
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svu[fk, LS`|; igkduk; iJMjH vjh goe*X Lf[ YeilvdRéê d!S/lX LdS\)[
95 96
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Ky*kilrk;, Tgj)kilrk; Si!j il*jufln[, trj)jS/lX QlGauk=f[ alYf; covj/j)sM,
1- KaGéyêsRy Lmjaulujgk' Lc[hajH rj'[î
LS/lX YeilvdfjgkSarjéê eyÉkî éTO vjYf*
KaGéyê ClajSh)[ i'S/lX ssYdc[figjH seM
xksm KmadX éasËlgk yjS/lGMjH K=f[, T*sr
QglX >Ênak!l)jsdl![ KayjSrlm[ eyÉkî
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YePlrjulujgk'k - LS`|S\lm[ KaG éyêeyukd
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uk!lujî érj*xksm Spilhu*xjSh)[ Lfjhk=
é:T<léyê eyuk'kî Blrf[ Qqjil)k'f[ isg
vjYf*X dlgn; B*X YeSiCj)kduj#ê
LS`|; iJMjH YeSiCj&j#êß é~kDlgj, akc[hj;,
éss~L Dj cI|J|lu crSplmkdomj K`gj&f[ê.
fIulhjcj fsRy akc[rpjhk;, L~o~)G
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- 4_
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97 98
|cR LH|G~j fsRy LHEiTpkH akRfDIl LS`|; K\g; rHdkduk; svu[fk, LfjH
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101 102
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ijC'[sdl![ i'jM[ Q'k; d!js#(jH, L*jsr BlR elH dy'k, ej'Jm[ Lfkaluj Yeilvd
BlR fhujH ekf/jM[ Ky*kilR djm'k, éLS`|; sRyumk\[ BlR Seluj, éLS/lX YeilvdRéê
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cLp[, fjGajpjê. rjSipr;î ÞYeilvd fjgkSarjéê Lrclykdsx
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117 118
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119 120
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dxjH igk'k![ - L;zJdgj)k alujgk'j#. YeilvdfjgkSarjéê eyÉkî rJ arÍjhl)jujMjS#,
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127 128
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rj'k; Qqjil)k'f[ isg LSÓ|; iJMjH fh akyj&[ dxukilR rJ dHej)kd, LS/lqf[
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129 130
dHej)kd, Lf[sdl![ vlgjujgj)kilrk= g![

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dxk![, c[YfJdX)[ rj*Sxlm[ vjh ~lPUfdxk;

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t'jiG K`gj&f[ê.
159 160
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;c
cfUijCIlcjrjukaluj ejn*kilR elmj#, LixjH
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dksy cI>li*X rj*sx f{e[fs/mk\k;ß éakc[hj;
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'kS!l? BlR eyÉkî LSf, éLS`|\jsRy
161 162
ej'jH ts' rjyk\jê dxj dlnkilR Si!j aËk c[YfJdsx LSeÊj&[ YeilvdéêsRy umk\[
trj)[ YeilvdsRy vkaH flq[fj fgkduk!luj, trj)k= c[FlrsÔlsn'[ arÍjhl)hluj
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si&k, tsRy akDs\ YeilvdéêsRy dijxjSh)[ alG)[ LiG LG|j)k' egjznr rHdkd,
BlR SvG\[ si&kê L*jsr YeilvdéêsRy YeSfUdj&[ ijSrlp; T<[ms/mk'iG)[ê é:T<léyê
vkahjr[ aJsf BlR dxj dlnkduk!luj eyuk'kî L*jsr Lijsm KaGéyê dm'[ i'k,
Lijsm rj'k; dkMjdxk;, wr*xk; ejÔjgjÉ[
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éark<U wj'kdxjH seM ejClvk)X KaGéyê ijsr
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d!S/lX ejÔjgjÉ[ Seldk'fluj BlR d!kê é
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tS'lm[ Svlpj&k? L#Sul :T<l afjulujS#? ê :T<léyê eyuk'kî LS/lX YeilvdfjgkSarjéê
eyÉkî r+ksm af\jH ijClhfuks!'[ wofØlG
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arÍjhl)kilR Si!jêß é~kDlgj, akc[hj;, rclT,
c[Flr; Ks!' yjukilR Si!j BlR eyuk
fIulhjcj, L|[ap[ t'jiG K`gj&f[ê.
duk!lujî T#, L*jsr trj)[ afjuldk'f[
isg BlR d![ sdl!jgk'kê %4 < ( % H 4_ `4 a 4_ M < 7 - ^ I c I : H 4_ ¡ 7 5 R b H " H -6
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;5.@ 1 Y o * U e. @ U ( . U
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sfÔldk'k? :T<léyê eyÉkî LsfsRy
dxj/lM*xln[, Li)jmujH SflH sdl![ rjG éêsRy dosm Qgk ulYfujhlujgk'k : cau;
+j)s/M g![ vjydk= dkfjguk!lujgk'k, :T<léyê ~lhjdulujgk'k, é:T<léyê eyuk'k
: cÕG>\jH BlR fmjsul'k; T#l\ svyju
YeilvdRéê Svlpj&kî : aPU\jH dlnk'sf
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dkfjgSul? :T<léyê eyÉkî éfl(X cksshalR B*X aHcgj)kduk;, BlR ijwuj)kduk;
r~j)[ vjydkdxk= dkfjgkuk!lujgk'ksi'[ svu[fk. dky&[ rlxkdX)[ SC<; B*X Qgk
SdMjMjS#? :T<léyê eyuk'kî Yeilvd éê ulYfujhlujgjS) YeilvdRéê iJ!k; aHcg\jr[
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vjgj)kduk!lujß éL~opliop[, rclT t'jiG LS/lSq)k; BlR fmj domjujgk'k, é:T<léyê
Cgjulu crpjhosm K`gj&f[ê. eyÉkî TO Lic[FujH Blsr*sr fl(sx
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edgaldk'kß éL~opliop[, rjclT éTC[yfk
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165 166
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KÓgj&f[ê.
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tsÔ(jhk; dkmj)kilR sdl![ i'lH BlR
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ej'JM[ YeilvdRéê tsRy ilu si& c[Fh\[
fsRy ilu si&[ dkmj)kduk; sv$k;, Lf[Selsh \mÂ]¯nsbm¶v
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\[ fs' YeilvdfjgkSarjéê fsRy ilu si&[ Liclraluj >lgU>G\l)G)[ vjh QcU\kdX
>Êj)kalujgk'kß éakc[hj;, L|[ap[ê. rHdk'kî
éê _ M <7 M I :w I ,} GH " : ,_ ^@H " : "H -9 Q'[î
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Yeilvd vgUujhk; c[Fjgs/M dlgU*X egaliPj
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eyuk'kî
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167 168
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ak:iju~[rk ss|péyê eyuk'kî ÞL#Sul ihf[ >lz\[ ajÙykdxjH YedlC\lhlujgj)k'
Yeilvdsg, >lgUSulm[ B*X)k= dmadX fln[ß éakc[hj; K`gj&f[ê.
tsÔ#laldk'k? YeilvdRéê eyÉkî érJ >Ên; >lgU>G\l)ØlG TO dlgU*sx#l; arÍjhl
dqj)kdulsn(jH Lisxuk; >Êj/j)kd, rJ )kduk;, Lfjrrckgj&[ YeiG\j)kduk;
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akDs\ Cej)gkf[, Lixksm akD\mj)gkf[, wJij/j)k'fln[. L*jsr ClÔjSulmk;, calPlr
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4 * > [ 5 @ D u 8 { ( 4 Y % U "B # # K ~ ! :, T2 " #
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171 172
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Xmfp-I-Fnâ: K¿NZV Kav À KZMZNJV K¿NZV Kav À KZMZNJV K¿NZV Kav À KZMZNJV K¿NZV Kav À KZMZNJV

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Xmfp-I-Fnâ: K¿NZV Kav À KZMZNJV K¿NZV Kav À KZMZNJV K¿NZV Kav À KZMZNJV K¿NZV Kav À KZMZNJV

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